*** looking for "x1 of" - most deletable English/Lojban Dictionary - First draft official publication 26 September 1994 Copyright 1994, The Logical Language Group, Inc. Bob LeChevalier, President lojbab@access.digex.net 2904 Beau Lane, Fairfax VA 22031-1303 USA 703-385-0273 Posted for comment and reference only. Please do not distribute without verifying that this is the latest version available. This version is far from final form and may contain duplicates, typos, and more serious errors. What this document IS: This is a first draft of what will eventually be a much larger English/Lojban dictionary file. It contains 15604 English entries, one entry per line. It contains all English entries so-far derived from the official version of the gismu list being published simultaneously (8391). This includes some number of references to lujvo embedded in the published gismu list. These entries are marked with a "*" in column 1. It contains all English entries derived from a place structure keyword list (6828) prepared by Colin Fine and by Nora and Bob LeChevalier and being published simultaneously with this document. These are in a simpler, column-based, more abbreviated form than the gismu list entries, and stand out strongly in the list due to white space. These entries have NOT been weeded at all, and may contain useless information; their purpose is to ensure the most complete possible coverage of English semantic space, and they thus cannot be properly weeded until other English-order words have been completely added. These entries are marked with a "&" in column 1. It contains a number of entries (140) in the same form as gismu list entries, but for lujvo derived from abstractions and other simple transformations of the corresponding gismu, such that the place structure closely resembles the original gismu. These entries are marked with a "%" in column 1. It contains a small number (246) of miscellaneous and cross-reference entries proposing metaphors for lujvo, and indicating other English-entries where relevant meanings may be found. These were added ad hoc where it was recognized that the semantic coverage of the entries omitted important meanings for the English keyword. Because they are ad hoc, they may be erroneous or misleading, but they may fill a user's need for a meaning where the keyword does not appear in the gismu list text with semantics corresponding to your desired meaning. These entries are marked with a "@" in column 1. The above lists are merged together and sorted alphabetically. Use column 1 sorting to separate them if desired. What this document is NOT It is unformatted, with the intent of making it usable on a computer without an appropriate word processor/database program, but it contains marks and guides to aid LLG in later formatting. Layout was based on final formatting needs, and as a result there are some clumsinesses associated with the file when limited to computer use. Most significant is that the gismu list-based entries use columns extending out as far as around 900 with no wrapping, and the Lojban gismu from which the line was derived appears at the RIGHTMOST end of that line. However the English word may not be best translated by the gismu, as when it is derived from a lujvo proposal incorporated in the gismu list. To find these, you need to examine all occurrences of the English keyword in the entry. These occurrences are marked with the | symbol (which is easier to spot on a computer screen than the ~ character that will be used in the formatted document). This document is not complete! - There are several thousand entries to be generated from approximately 6000 lujvo in the files generated by Nick Nicholas, John Cowan, and Bob LeChevalier. This list may be up to 5 times (or more) the length of the current file. There were 20000 and 40000 entries in the raw list generated in two different ways by John Cowan's key-word-in-context (KWIC) program from the 3000 gismu in the list back in July, and we aren't sure which will be used. Nick Nicholas has several hundred lujvo that have been used in Lojban text and discussion since the start of 1994, that have not been added to his list. Whether they are included will depend on his available time in the next couple of months. - There are a large but unknown number of entries to be derived from the cmavo list. There are 6500 such entries automatically generated by John Cowan's key-word-in-context (KWIC) program. A random survey indicated that more than half of these will be deleted before being incorporated in this list. - There are an unknown number of entries from the gismu list yet to be generated. These are associated with a small number of words that occur with frequency greater than 20 in the text of the gismu list as of last July. The list of such words is given below, with the number of occurrences in the gismu list. Some (like "is" and "of" will obviously generate very few or no English entries, while others may result in several entries. An ! indicates some words that seem especially likely to generate a lot of entries. You will find few if any entries in the gismu-list-derived format (* lines) for these words, but you may find entries based on the @ or & line formats. 1491 is 919 of 865 a 438 in 338 to 305 also 291 the 267 by 224 for 173 from 166 with 126 an 121 at 111 not 110!property 109!quantity 107!material 102 be 99 or 95!aspect 95!standard 91!made 91 on 91!species 86 and 81!body 81!object 79 about 73!part 66!contains 66 may 65!culture 59 as 59!form 56!under 52!reflects 51!conditions 50 that 49!metaphor 48!nationality 46!event 46!source 45!dimension 44!shape 42 are 40!composition 39 including 39!subject 38!language 37!breed 35!location 33!commodity 33!state 32 non 31 this 30 into 30!type 30 which 29!strain 28!function 28!person 27!set 26 but 26!need 26!specific 25!audience 25!frame 25 has 25!necessarily 25!purpose 25!reference 25!surface 24 agentive 24!action 24!locus 23!time 22!among 22!place 22!over 22!system 21!direction 21!activity 21!process 21!force 20!properties 20!objects 20!means 20!point 20!used 20!tool 20!sumti This document is very "drafty". It has not been spell-checked, nor have duplicates been weeded (and there are expected to be a lot of duplicates in the file, especially due to overlaps between & lines and * lines). This document is subject to change/replacement/removal at any time without notice. Specifically, ANY change in a gismu place structure at this point will require some amount of work, and there are open technical issues that could affect a number place structures (but we hope they will not). *+, x1 is a mathematical sum/result/total of x2 |/increased by x3 /:/ /=/ sumji (suj) *-est, x1 is superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3 extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/range x4 /:/ [also: x1 is x3-|/utmost in x2 among x4; x1 is extreme; x1 is simply x3] /=/ traji (rai) &.001's dimension, x3 of milti &.001's, measured in | x2 of milti *.001, x1 is a thousandth [1/1000; 1x10**-3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ milti (mil) &.01 part, thing having | x2 of centi &.01's dimension, x3 of centi *.01, x1 is a hundredth [1/100; 1x10**-2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ centi (cen) &.1 part, thing having | x2 of decti &.1's dimension, x3 of decti *.1, x1 is a tenth [1/10;1x10**-1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ decti (dec) *0-dimensional (of a point/instant), x1 is a point/instant/moment [| shape/form] in/on/at time/place x2 /:/ [x1 is dimensionless] /=/ mokca (moc) &1, predicate var | x1 of broda *1-dimensional (of a line), x1 is a line/among lines [| shape/form] defined by set of points x2 /:/ [ray/vector (farli'i or porli'i)] /=/ linji (lij li'i) &10's dimension, x3 of dekto &10's, thing measured in | x2 of dekto &10, x1 of dekto &100's dimension, x3 of xecto &100's, quantity in | x2 of xecto &100, x1 of xecto &1000's dimension, x3 of kilto &1000's, in | x2 of kilto &1000, x1 of kilto &1E-12's dimension, x3 of picti &1E-12's, quantity in | x2 of picti *1E-12, x1 is a trillionth [1x10**-12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ picti (pic) &1E-15 part, thing having | x2 of femti &1E-15's dimension, x3 of femti *1E-15, x1 is 1x10**-15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ femti (fem) &1E-18's dimension, x3 of xatsi &1E-18's, quantity in | x2 of xatsi *1E-18, x1 is 1x10**-18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ xatsi (xat) &1E-21's dimension, x3 of zepti &1E-21's, quantity in | x2 of zepti *1E-21, x1 is 1x10**-21 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ zepti (zep) &1E-24 part, thing having | x2 of gocti &1E-24's dimension, x3 of gocti *1E-24, x1 is 1x10**-24 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ gocti (goc) &1E-6 part, thing having | x2 of mikri &1E-6's dimension, x3 of mikri &1E-6's, quantity in | x2 of mikri *1E-6, x1 is a millionth [1x10**-6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ mikri (mik) &1E-9 part, thing having | x2 of nanvi &1E-9's dimension, x3 of nanvi &1E-9's, quantity in | x2 of nanvi *1E-9, x1 is a billionth/thousand-millionth [1x10**-9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ nanvi (nav) &1E12's dimension, x3 of terto &1E12's, quantity in | x2 of terto *1E12, x1 is a trillion [1x10**12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ terto (tet) &1E15's dimension, x3 of petso &1E15's, quantity in | x2 of petso *1E15, x1 is 1x10**15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ petso (pet) &1E18's dimension, x3 of xexso &1E18's, quantity in | x2 of xexso *1E18, x1 is 1x10**18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ xexso (xex) &1E21's dimension, x3 of zetro &1E21's, quantity in | x2 of zetro *1E21, x1 is 1x10**21 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ zetro (zet) &1E24's dimension, x3 of gotro &1E24's, in | x2 of gotro *1E24, x1 is 1x10**24 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ gotro (got) &1E6's dimension, x3 of megdo &1E6's, quantity in | x2 of megdo *1E6, x1 is a million [1x10**6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ megdo (meg) &1E9's dimension, x3 of gigdo &1E9's, in | x2 of gigdo *1E9, x1 is a billion [British milliard] [1x10**9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ gigdo (gig gi'o) &1st alternative, x2 of vlina &1st conjunct, x2 of kanxe &1st side of bridge, x3 of cripu &1st space with door, x2 of vorme &1st subunit of gallon, x4 of dekpu &1st summand, x2 of sumji *2-dimensional (of a card), x1 is a card [small nearly-| shape/form] of material x2, shape x3 /:/ (x3 shape default rectangular) /=/ karda *2-dimensional (of a disk/circle), x1 is round/circular [| shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/ring /:/ [normally used for a filled-in circle/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring'] /=/ cukla (cuk) *2-dimensional (of a plane), x1 is a plane [| shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth] /:/ [also: x1 is even/planar/level]; (x2 is a set of points at least sufficient to define the plane) /=/ plita (pit) *2-dimensional (of a sheet), x1 is a sheet/foil/blanket [| shape/form flexible in 3 dimensions] of material x2 /:/ /=/ boxfo (bof bo'o) *2-dimensional (of an angle), x1 is an angle [| shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)] /=/ jganu (jga) &2nd alternative, x3 of vlina &2nd conjunct, x3 of kanxe &2nd side of bridge, x4 of cripu &2nd space with door, x3 of vorme &2nd summand, x3 of sumji *3-dimensional (of a block), x1 is a block [| shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 /:/ [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli) /=/ bliku (bli) *3-dimensional (of a board), x1 is a board/plank [| long flat rectangle] of material x2 /:/ /=/ tanbo (ta'o) *3-dimensional (of a corner/solid angle), x1 is a corner/point/at-least-| [solid] angle [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3 /:/ [also apex; a corner exists on three dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some direction; i.e. in some planar cross-section] /=/ kojna (koj ko'a) *3-dimensional (of a space/volume), x1 is space/volume/region/room [at-least-| area] occupied by x2 /:/ [also occupy (= selca'u)] /=/ canlu (cal ca'u) *3-dimensional (of a tile), x1 is a tile/cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4 /:/ [a tile is a | object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city block' is conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-| block, li'irclupa - a loop composed of lines)] /=/ tapla &abdomen, thing having | x2 of betfu *abdomen, x1 is a/the |/belly/lower trunk [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection] /:/ [also stomach (= djaruntyrango)] /=/ betfu (bef be'u) *abides (resides), x1 dwells/lives/resides/| at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2 /:/ /=/ xabju (xa'u) *abides (stays at), x1 remains/stays at/|/lasts with x2 /:/ /=/ stali (sta) *abides (survives), x1 survives/endures/undergoes/|/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 /:/ [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable] /=/ renvi (rev re'i) &ability conditions, x3 of kakne &ability, x2 of kakne *able, x1 is | to do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state) /:/ [also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (= plika'e)] /=/ kakne (ka'e) *abode, x2 of: x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/| x2 /:/ /=/ xabju (xa'u) &about, agreed | x4 of tugni &about, ridiculed | x3 of ckasu &about, subject learned | x3 of cilre *about, x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object); x1 feels terror | x2 /:/ [x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)] /=/ terpa (tep te'a) %about, x1 is an event of x2(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discussing/talking | topic/subject x3 /:/ [also x1 is a chat/conversation/discussion/palaver] /=/ nunsnu *above (basis for downwardness), x1 is low/down/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 /:/ [also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance | a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself] /=/ dizlo (diz dzi) *above (directly |), x1 is directly/vertically |/upwards-from x2 in gravity/frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ gapru (gap) *above (of a roof/ceiling/lid), x1 is a roof/top/ceiling/lid of x2 /:/ a drudi is (designed to be) over/| something and shelters it from other things | the drudi /=/ drudi (rud dru) *above (relatively high), x1 is high/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 /:/ [also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance | a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself] /=/ galtu (gal ga'u) &above, x2 of cnita &above, reference for | x3 of gapru &above, thing having | x2 of gapru *abrade(s), x1 blade/scraper/erosive scrapes/erodes/| x2 from x3 /:/ [|, abrasive (= mosyguska)] /=/ guska (guk) *abrasive (sand/grit), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sand/grit from source x2 of composition including x3 /:/ [also | (= gukcanre)] /=/ canre (can) *abrasive (scraping), x1 blade/scraper/erosive scrapes/erodes/abrades x2 from x3 /:/ [abrade, | (= mosyguska)] /=/ guska (guk) *abrasive (scratching), x1 [|/cutting/scratching object/implement] scratches/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] x2 /:/ , spali) /=/ sraku (rak) *abrupt, x1 (event/state) is |/sudden/sharply changes at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3 /:/ [also discontinuous] /=/ suksa (suk) *absent (represented), x2 of: x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [|] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 /:/ [also: on behalf of] /=/ krati (ka'i) *absolute (| fact), x1 (du'u) is a fact/reality/truth/actuality, in the | /:/ /=/ fatci (fac) *absorbant, x1 soaks up/absorbs/sucks up x2 from x3 into x4; x1 is an | /:/ /=/ cokcu (cko) *absorbs, x1 soaks up/|/sucks up x2 from x3 into x4; x1 is an absorbant /:/ /=/ cokcu (cko) &abstract source, x2 of sucta &abstract, amount | x1 of ni broda &abstract, event | x1 of nu broda &abstract, property | x1 of ka broda &abstract, scale of amount | x2 of ni broda *abstract, x1 (si'o) is |-ed/generalized/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3 /:/ /=/ sucta (suc) *abstracted, x1 (si'o) is |/generalized/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3 /:/ /=/ sucta (suc) &abstraction rules, x3 of sucta *abstraction, x2 of: x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/|/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)] /=/ tarmi (tam tai) *academy, x1 is school/institute/| at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audience/community x4 operated by x5 /:/ [also college, university] /=/ ckule (kul cu'e) &acccustomed, x2 of tcaci *accent (emphasis given), x1 emphasizes/accentuates/gives emphasis/stress/| to x2 by (action) x3 /:/ [also: say forcefully] /=/ basna *accentuates, x1 emphasizes/|/gives emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3 /:/ [also: say forcefully] /=/ basna *accept, x1 gets/procures/acquires/obtains/|-s x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] /:/ [also fetch; | a gift (= du'acpa)] /=/ cpacu (cpa) *acceptable, x1 (object/event) is good/beneficial/nice/[|] for x2 by standard x3 /:/ [| (= mlixau, norxau, xagyselcru)] /=/ xamgu (xag xau) *accepted (| meaning), x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/| by x3 /:/ [referential meaning (=selsni, snismu)] /=/ smuni (mun smu) *accepts, x1 gets/procures/acquires/obtains/| x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] /:/ [also fetch; accept a gift (= du'acpa)] /=/ cpacu (cpa) *access (closed |), x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/| to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane] /=/ ganlo (ga'o) *access (open |), x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is open/ajar/not shut permitting passage/| to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway] /=/ kalri (kar) *access (portal), x1 is a doorway/gateway/| way between x2 and x3 of structure x4 /:/ [note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)] /=/ vorme (vor vro) *access (street/corridor), x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 /:/ [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers | to sites along it] /=/ klaji (laj) &access, thing having | x3 of kalri &accessed from street, x3 of klaji &accessible, x2 of kalri &accessible, x2 of vorme &accessible, x3 of vorme &accessible, not | x2 of ganlo *accessing (of a street/corridor), x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 | x3 /:/ [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it] /=/ klaji (laj) *accident, x1 (event/state) is an |/unintentional on the part of x2; x1 is an | /:/ /=/ snuti (nut) *accidental, x1 (event/state) is an accident/unintentional on the part of x2; x1 is an accident; x1 is | /:/ /=/ snuti (nut) *accidental, x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 /:/ [also |, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")] /=/ cunso (cun cu'o) *accidentally (| broken), x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 /:/ [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); | break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)] /=/ spofu (pof po'u) *accommodates (capable of containing), x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2 /:/ [also |, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)] /=/ vasru (vas vau) &accompanied in, x3 of kansa &accompanied, x2 of kansa *accompanies (with), x1 is with/|/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state) /:/ [x1 is together with/along with x2] /=/ kansa (kan) *accompaniment, x2 of: x1 (individual, mass) dances to |/music/rhythm x2 /:/ /=/ dansu *accompany, x1 is with/|-ies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state) /:/ [x1 is together with/along with x2] /=/ kansa (kan) *accomplish, x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/|-es x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) *accomplishes, x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/| x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) *account, x1 is an |/bill/invoice for goods/services x2, billed to x3 by x4 /:/ /=/ janta (jat) *accountable, x1 is responsible/| for x2 (action/resulting state) to judge/authority x3 /:/ /=/ fuzme (fuz fu'e) *accruing (of profit/gain), x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 |/resulting from activity/process x3 /:/ [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ prali (pal) *accrual (of profit/gain), x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage/| to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 /:/ [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ prali (pal) *accuracy (| of a measurement), x5 of: x1 (agent) measures/evaluates x2 [quantity] as x3 units on scale x4 (si'o), with | x5 /:/ /=/ merli (mre) @accuse, consider metaphor "guilt-assert" (= zugyxu'a) &achievable, x2 of kakne *achieve (with assistance), x2 of: x1 helps/assists/aids object/person x2 do/|/maintain event/activity x3 /:/ /=/ sidju (dju) @achieve, see also "succeed" &achievement, x2 of snada *achieves, x1 [agent] succeeds in/|/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) &acid composition, x2 of slami *acid, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | of composition x2; (adjective:) x1 is acidic /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ slami *acidic, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of acid of composition x2; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ slami *acquire, x1 gets/procures/|-s/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] /:/ [also fetch; accept a gift (= du'acpa)] /=/ cpacu (cpa) *acquire, x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes]/|-s x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [| with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied] /=/ lebna (leb le'a) *acquires, x1 gets/procures/|/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] /:/ [also fetch; accept a gift (= du'acpa)] /=/ cpacu (cpa) &acre standard, x3 of kramu &acre, sub-unit of | x4 of kramu *acre, x1 is x2 local area unit(s) [non-metric] (default 1) by standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ kramu &acres, number of | x2 of kramu &acres, size in | x2 of kramu *acrid, x1 is bitter/|/sharply disagreeable to observer/sense x2 /:/ /=/ kurki *across (beyond a boundary), x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) /:/ [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly '|' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space] /=/ bancu (bac) *across (extending | a range), x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches |/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) *across (opposite, directly | a gap), x1/x3 of: x1 is located |/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 /:/ [also: x1 is over there (|/beyond zo'e); directly |/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the boundary] /=/ ragve (rav) *across (spanning a gap), x1 is a bridge/span over/| x2 between x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination first] /:/ /=/ cripu (rip) @across, see also "traverse", "intersect" &act in drama, x5 of draci *act (volitional, with purpose), x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking |-tion x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 /:/ [also |-ing at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end] /=/ zukte (zuk zu'e) @act, see also "do" for action without purpose *acting (| at, with purpose), x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 /:/ [also | at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end] /=/ zukte (zuk zu'e) &action goal, x3 of zukte &action, x2 of zukte &action, influenced | x3 of xlura &action, influencing | x4 of xlura @action, see also "do", "act" especially x2 of "zukte" %actions (constituting an event of trying), x4 of: x1 is a try/attempt/effort, an event of x2 trying/attempting/making an effort to do/attain x3 (event/state/property) by |/method x4 /:/ /=/ nuntoi *actions (kind |), x2 of: x1 (person) is kind to x2 in |/behavior x3 /:/ /=/ xendo (xed xe'o) *actions (| comprising an attempt), x1 tries/attempts/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by |/method x3 /:/ [also experiments at] /=/ troci (toc toi) *active (| ingredient in a paint), x1 [material] is a paint of pigment/| substance x2, in a base of x3 /:/ /=/ cinta %activity (labor - event), x1 is an event of x2 [person] laboring/working on/at x3 [|] with goal/objective x4 /:/ [also: x2 is a worker/laborer] /=/ nungu'a &activity avoided, x2 of lazni &activity, artistic | x2 of larcu &activity, brave | x2 of virnu &activity, controlled | x3 of jitro &activity, failed | x2 of fliba &activity, guided | x3 of gidva &activity, paused | x4 of denpa &activity, protest | x4 of pante &activity, relaxing | x2 of surla &activity, sexual | x2 of cinse *actors, x5 of: x1 is a drama/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with | x5 /:/ [x2 may also be a convention] /=/ draci *actual (real), x1 exists/is real/|/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; [x1 is physical (one sense)] /=/ zasti (zat za'i) *actuality, x1 (du'u) is a fact/reality/truth/|, in the absolute /:/ /=/ fatci (fac) *actuator (| of a percussion instrument), x1 is a drum/cymbal/gong [percussion musical instrument] with beater/| x2 /:/ /=/ damri *actuator (| of a stringed instrument), x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with |/plectrum/bow x2 /:/ [also lute, viola, cello] /=/ jgita (git) *add, x1 |-s/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 (agent) augments x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jmina (min) &added to, x3 of jmina &added, x2 of jmina &added, x2 of sumji &added, x3 of sumji &addend, x2 of sumji &addend, x3 of sumji &addition result, x4 of jmina &additive, x2 of jmina &address system, x3 of judri &address, thing having | x2 of judri *address, x1 is an | of/are coordinates of x2 in system x3 /:/ /=/ judri &addressed, x2 of tavla &addressed, audience | x3 of cusku &addressee, x2 of judri &addressee, x3 of mrilu &addressee, letter | x2 of xatra *adds, x1 |/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 (agent) augments x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jmina (min) &adept, x2 of frili *adherents (| of a religion), x2 of: x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), |; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) &adherents, x2 of lijda *adheres, x1 |/sticks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is sticky/gummy/adhesive /:/ [note that x1 is the adhering surface being claimed; x2 need not be sticky] /=/ snipa (nip) *adhering surface, x1 adheres/sticks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is sticky/gummy/adhesive /:/ [note that x1 is the | surface being claimed; x2 need not be sticky] /=/ snipa (nip) *adhesive, x1 adheres/sticks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is sticky/gummy/| /:/ [note that x1 is the adhering surface being claimed; x2 need not be sticky] /=/ snipa (nip) &adjacency direction, x4 of lamji &adjacency property, x3 of lamji &adjacent, x3 of korbi &adjacent, thing having | x2 of lamji *adjacent, x1 is |/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 /:/ [also touching, contiguous, against] /=/ lamji (lam la'i) *adjust, x1 (event) |-s/regulates/changes x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 /:/ [non-resultative, causal change; agentive adjust (= tikygau, tikyzu'e)] /=/ stika (tik) &adjusted, x2 of stika &adjustment amount, x3 of stika *adjusts, x1 (event) |/regulates/changes x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 /:/ [non-resultative, causal change; agentive adjust (= tikygau, tikyzu'e)] /=/ stika (tik) *adjutant, x1 is a deputy/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to principal x3 /:/ [also assistant, |] /=/ vipsi (vip) *admiral, x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/|/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) &adores, x2 of dirba *adorn, x1 (object) |-s/decorates x2; x1 is an |-ment/decoration of x2; x2 is fancy/decorated /:/ [fancy/decorated (= selja'i)] /=/ jadni (jad ja'i) &adorned, x2 of jadni *adornment, x1 (object) adorns/decorates x2; x1 is an |/decoration of x2; x2 is fancy/decorated /:/ [fancy/decorated (= selja'i)] /=/ jadni (jad ja'i) *adorns, x1 (object) |/decorates x2; x1 is an adornment/decoration of x2; x2 is fancy/decorated /:/ [fancy/decorated (= selja'i)] /=/ jadni (jad ja'i) *adult, x1 is mature/ripe/fully-grown/| in development-quality x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ makcu (ma'u) *advantage, x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/| to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 /:/ [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ prali (pal) *adventitious, x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 /:/ [also accidental, chancy, by chance, |, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")] /=/ cunso (cun cu'o) &adversary, x3 of bandu *adversary, x1 is an enemy/opponent/|/foe of x2 in struggle x3 /:/ /=/ bradi *adversity, x1 is happy/gay/merry/glad/gleeful about x2 (event/state) /:/ [| (= kamnalgei)] /=/ gleki (gek gei) @advises, see also "suggests" *advises, x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a guiding person |/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) *aesthetic, x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by | standard x4 /:/ [also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful] /=/ melbi (mel mle) &afar, thing having | x2 of darno *affair (organized activity), x1 is an |/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (individual/mass); x1 is x2's business /:/ [also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu'u for reordered places)] /=/ cuntu (cu'u) *affair (something attended to), x1 is attentive towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/| x2 /:/ /=/ jundi (jud ju'i) *affair (| with representation), x3 of: x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in |(s)/function(s) x3 /:/ [also: on behalf of] /=/ krati (ka'i) &affair, involved in | x2 of cuntu *affectionate (feels |), x1 loves/feels strong | devotion towards x2 (object/state) /:/ [also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (= selprami for reordered places)] /=/ prami (pam pa'i) *affirms, x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] /:/ [also: x1 states/says that/|/purports to know that x2] /=/ xusra (xus xu'a) *affix compound (contrasted with 'phrase compound' = tanru), x1 (text) is a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4 /:/ /=/ lujvo (luv jvo) &affix compound, argument of | x3 of lujvo &affix compound, meaning of | x2 of lujvo &affix compound, metaphor of | x4 of lujvo &affix form, x3 of rafsi &affix language, x4 of rafsi &affix, thing having | x2 of rafsi *affix, x4 of: x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with |(es) x4 /:/ [gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gi'uste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)] /=/ gismu (gim gi'u) *affix, x1 is an |/suffix/prefix/combining-form for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, language x4 /:/ /=/ rafsi (raf) *afflicted (diseased), x1 is ill/sick/diseased/| with symptoms x2 from disease x3 /:/ /=/ bilma (bi'a) *afflicts (of a trouble or disturbance), x1 (event) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3 /:/ [also |, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)] /=/ raktu (ra'u) *afraid, x1 fears x2; x1 is |/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object) /:/ [x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)] /=/ terpa (tep te'a) &African aspect, x2 of friko *African, x1 reflects | culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ friko (fi'o) *after (in time), x1 is in the future of/later than/| x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) |; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) *after (physically), x1 chases/pursues/(physically) follows | x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2 /:/ [x1 follows | x2] /=/ jersi (je'i) *after (sequentially), x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 |, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) *after (| movement), x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); | a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) &after, x2 of purci @after, see also "before", which meanings generally have an "after" place as a basis for comparison *afterwards, x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends |; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) *again, x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens | in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) *against (adjacent to), x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 /:/ [also touching, contiguous, |] /=/ lamji (lam la'i) *against (argues | a stand/position), x1 argues for stand x2 | stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary] /:/ /=/ darlu (dau) *against (contends/balances | opponents), x1 opposes/balances/contends/resists | opponent(s) x2 (person/force individual/mass) about x3 (abstract) /:/ /=/ fapro (fap pro) *against (hears | background), x1 hears x2 | background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural /:/ /=/ tirna (tin) *against (insure | peril/loss), x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) | peril/loss x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) /:/ [sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)] /=/ binra *against (restrained | action), x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 | x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) *against (rolls | surface), x1 rolls/trundles on/| surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller /:/ /=/ gunro (gur gu'o) *against (supports | opposing force), x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 | force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 /:/ [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)] /=/ sarji (sra) *against (takes revenge |), x1 takes revenge on/retaliates | x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) /:/ [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful] /=/ venfu (vef) *against (tax levied | person), x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied | x3 by authority/collector x4 /:/ [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] /=/ cteki (tek ce'i) *against (vaccine | disease), x1 is a vaccine/immune-system stimulant protecting x2 | disease x3 introduced by method x4 /:/ [also serum; inoculation (= jestu'u veljinku)] /=/ jinku *against (weapon for use | opponent/victim), x1 is a weapon/arms for use | x2 by x3 /:/ [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)] /=/ xarci (xac xa'i) *against (| opponent in a war), x1 (person/mass) wars | x2 over territory/matter x3; x1 is at war with x2 /:/ /=/ jamna (jam) *against rigid | force), x1 is stiff/rigid/inflexible/resistant in direction x2 | force x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also sometimes: firm, hard; not limited to physical forces; e.g. mental rigidity] /=/ tinsa &against, argued | x3 of darlu &against, noise heard | x3 of tirna &against, restrained | x3 of rinju &against, revenged | x2 of venfu &against, rubbed | x3 of mosra &against, secured | x2 of snura &against, supported | x3 of sarji &against, vaccinated | x3 of jinku *age (duration of interval), x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to time/event x3 /:/ [also |/elapsed time (= niltei)] /=/ temci (tem tei) *age (length of familiarity/association with one), x1 is old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [This can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. |, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also ancient (= tcesau), | (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)] /=/ slabu (sau) *age (| of boy), x2 of: x1 is a boy/lad [young male person] of | x2 immature by standard x3 /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)] /=/ nanla *age (| of child), x2 of: x1 is a child/kid/juvenile [a young person] of | x2, immature by standard x3 /:/ [not necessarily human] /=/ verba (ver ve'a) *age (| of girl), x2 of: x1 is a girl [young female person] of | x2 immature by standard x3 /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)] /=/ nixli (nix xli) *age, x1 is an era/epoch/| characterized by x2 (event/property/interval/idea) /:/ (x2 interval should be the defining boundaries; if merely a characterizing period, the nature of the interval should be expressed in an abstract bridi, or the interval should be marked with tu'a; x2 may also be characteristic object(s) or practices of the era, if marked with tu'a) /=/ cedra *age, x1 is young/youthful [relatively short in elapsed duration] by standard x2 /:/ [also | (= nilnalci'o); (adjective:) x1 is junior] /=/ citno (cit ci'o) *agent (representive/proxy), x1 represents/is an |/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 /:/ [also: on behalf of] /=/ krati (ka'i) *agent (| controlling/triggering apparatus), x3 of: x1 is apparatus/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by x3 (|) /:/ [form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external |/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external | to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)] /=/ cabra (ca'a) *agent (| of movement - pushing), x1 [|] shoves/pushes x2 at locus x3 /:/ [move by pushing/shoving (= ca'ermuvgau)] /=/ catke (ca'e) *agent (| of movement), x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); |-ive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)]; (cf. preja for similar movement with no | implied) /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) *agent (| of success), x1 [|] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) *agent (| used/employed by another), x2 of: x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, |, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 /:/ [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, le'irplicu'a)] /=/ pilno (pli) *agent (|-ive cause), x1 [person/|] is an |-ive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2 /:/ /=/ gasnu (gau) *agent of authority (of police), x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 /:/ [police officer, as an | (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)] /=/ pulji &agent, rotting | x2 of fusra *agent, x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2 /:/ [sufficient condition (= crutcini), | that permits a situation (= tcinycru)] /=/ curmi (cru) *aggregate, x1 is a mass/team/|/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointly /:/ [A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) displayed by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individual set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily relevant to the mass property implicit in this bridi] /=/ gunma (gum) %aggression (an event of aggression), x1 is an |, an event of x2 (person/mass) attacking/invading/committing | upon victim x3 with goal/objective x4 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) *aggression (commits |), x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits | upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) %aggressor (in an event of aggression), x1 is an aggression, an event of x2 (person/mass) |/invading/committing aggression upon victim x3 with goal/objective x4; x2 is an | /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) *aggressor, x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3; x1 is an | /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) *agitates, x1 (object, or event: force) stirs/mixes/[roils/|] fluid (gas/liquid) x2 /:/ [convection (= nenflejicla); agentive stirring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)] /=/ jicla *agrarian, x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ [also grange; farming is any organized | activity, not limited to plant crops] /=/ cange (cag) *agree, x1 [person] |-s with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4 /:/ /=/ tugni (tug tu'i) &agreed about, x4 of tugni &agreed that, x3 of tugni &agreed upon, x3 of tugni &agreed with, x2 of tugni *agreement (basis for an obligation), x1 is bound/obliged to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by standard/| x3; x1 must do x2 /:/ [also x3 frame of reference] /=/ bilga (big) *agreement (in |, harmonious), x1 is harmonious/concordant/in |/concord with x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ sarxe (sax) &agreement, x3 of tugni *agrees, x1 [person] | with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4 /:/ /=/ tugni (tug tu'i) *ahead, x1 is anterior/|/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ crane (cra) *aid, x1 helps/assists/|-s object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3 /:/ /=/ sidju (dju) *aid, x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 /:/ [also |-s; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)] /=/ sarji (sra) &aide, x1 of sidju *aids, x1 helps/assists/| object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3 /:/ /=/ sidju (dju) *aids, x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 /:/ [also |; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)] /=/ sarji (sra) *ailment (something treated/cured), x3 of: x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for | x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) &ailment treated, x3 of mikce @ailment, see also "ill", "sick", "hurt" &air composition, x3 of vacri &air for fire, x3 of fagri *air mass, x1 is a cloud/mass of clouds of material x2 in | x3 at floor/base elevation x4 /:/ /=/ dilnu (dil) *air pollution, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of smoke/smog/| from source x2 /:/ [x2 may be a fire] /=/ danmo (dam) &air, planet with | x2 of vacri *air, x1 burns/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3 /:/ [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in |; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)] /=/ jelca (jel) *air, x1 flies [in |/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x2 /:/ /=/ vofli (vol voi) %air, x1 is a flight/an event of x2 flying [in |/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ nunvofli *air, x1 is a quantity of |/normally-gaseous atmosphere of planet x2, of composition including x3 /:/ /=/ vacri (var) %air, x1 is flight/the property/quality of x2 flying [in |/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ kamvofli *air-reed, x1 is a flute/pipe/fife/recorder [flute-like/| musical instrument] /:/ /=/ flani *aircraft, x1 is an airplane/| [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ vinji (vij) &airplane, flies by | x2 of vinji *airplane, x1 is an |/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ vinji (vij) *ajar, x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is open/|/not shut permitting passage/access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway] /=/ kalri (kar) *akin, kin, x1 is related to/associated with/| to x2 by relationship x3 /:/ /=/ ckini (ki'i) *akin, x1 is related to/associated with/| to x2 by relationship x3 /:/ /=/ ckini (ki'i) *alarm, x1 (event/action abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2 /:/ [also expectation (= nalspaji), | (= te'arspaji)] /=/ spaji (paj) &alate, x2 of nalci *albumin, x1 is a quantity of protein/| of type x2 composed of amino acids (sequence/jo'u) /:/ /=/ lanbi &alcohol source, x3 of xalka &alcohol type, x2 of xalka *alcohol, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | of type x2 from source/process x3 /:/ /=/ xalka (xal) *ale, x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of beer/|/brew brewed from x2 /:/ /=/ birje *alert, (adjective:) x1 is awake/|/conscious /:/ /=/ cikna (cik) &Algerian aspect, x2 of jerxo *Algerian, x1 reflects | culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jerxo (jex) &algorithmic, x2 of tadji &alien, perceive as | x3 of fange *alien, x1 is strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [also |, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic] /=/ cizra (ciz) *alien, x1 is |/foreign/[exotic]/unfamiliar to x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ fange *alienation (carried with | from origin x3), x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] /:/ [| from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) *alienation (move with | from origin x3), x1 (object) moves to/towards destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)]; (cf. benji for agentive movement that does not necessarily imply | from origin) /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) *alienation (possible | in transmission), x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to/towards receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 /:/ [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) | from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier] /=/ benji (bej be'i) *alienation (removal), x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; | is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) *alienation (seizure), x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, | is implied]; (cf. vimcu for | where x1 need not gain possession) /=/ lebna (leb le'a) &alienness property, x2 of fange *alike (parallel, differing only in property), x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 /:/ [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are |/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra *alike (similar), x1 is similar/|/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis] /=/ simsa (smi) *alike (similar, having common property), x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are |; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis] /=/ simsa (smi) *alive, x1 lives/is | by standard x2; x1 is an organism/living thing /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic] /=/ jmive (miv ji'e) &aliveness standard, x2 of jmive &alkali composition, x2 of jilka *alkali metal, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | metal of type x2 [default sodium] /:/ [also potassium, lithium, cesium]; [soda] /=/ sodna &alkali type metal, x2 of sodna *alkali, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of |/base of composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is alkaline] /=/ jilka (jil) *alkaline, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali/base of composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ jilka (jil) *Allah, x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Muslim culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jegvo (jeg je'o) *alley, x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/|/[road] at x2 accessing x3 /:/ [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it] /=/ klaji (laj) *alliterates, x1 rhymes/| with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching sound correspondence x4 (ka) /:/ [broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound correspondence] /=/ rimni (rim) *allocated, x1 is distributed/allotted/|/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) /:/ [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)] /=/ fatri (fai) &allocation, x3 of fatri *allotted, x1 is distributed/|/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) /:/ [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)] /=/ fatri (fai) &allowed, x2 of curmi *allowing (authorizing, of a passport), x1 is a passport issued to x2 (person) by authority x3 | x4 (activity) /:/ /=/ jaspu (jap) *allowing (of a net/filter), x1 is a net/filter | passage of x2, prohibiting passage of x3, netting properties x4 /:/ [also sieve] /=/ julne (ju'e) &allows, x2 of cumki *allows, x1 (agent) lets/permits/| x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2 /:/ [sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits/| a situation (= tcinycru)] /=/ curmi (cru) *alloy (brass), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of brass [copper/zinc |] of composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is brazen)] /=/ lastu @alloy, see also "bronze", "mixture" *alloy, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of bronze [|] of composition including x2 /:/ /=/ ransu *alluring (of a lure/temptation), x4 of: x1 (agent) influences/lures/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by influence/threat/lure x4 /:/ [also impresses; x4 is | (= trivelxlu for place reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states) /=/ xlura (xlu) *alluring (of something attractive), x1 attracts/appeals to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also: x1 is | to x2] /=/ trina (tri) &alluring, x3 of trina *alms, x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, |] /=/ pikci &alone, x1 of claxu *alone, x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), | (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one |" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are |); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) *along (accompanying), x1 is with/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state) /:/ [x1 is together with/| with x2] /=/ kansa (kan) *along (of sites accessed by a street/corridor), x3 of: x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 /:/ [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites | it] /=/ klaji (laj) &along a street, x3 of klaji *aloof, x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also | (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) *alot, x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3 /:/ [also very, pretty, |, immoderate/immoderately, intense, quite, extremely] /=/ mutce (tce) *aloud, x1 utters verbally/says |/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2 /:/ [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)] /=/ bacru (ba'u) *alpaca, x1 is a camel/llama/|/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2 /:/ [llama (= tcokumte), Bactrian camel (= zdokumte); Arabian camel/dromedary (= rabykumte)] /=/ kumte &alphabet, x2 of lerfu *alphabet, x2 of: x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in |/character-set x2 representing x3 /:/ [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol] /=/ lerfu (ler le'u) *alphabetic, x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 /:/ [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is |/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol] /=/ lerfu (ler le'u) *alter, x1 (event) modifies/|-s/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3 /:/ [causal, resultative change; agentive modify (= gafygau, gafyzu'e)] /=/ galfi (gaf ga'i) *alternation (logical |), x1 is a logical |/disjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and/or x3 (du'u) is/are true /:/ /=/ vlina &alternative, 1st | x2 of vlina &alternative, 2nd | x3 of vlina *alternatives (choices), x3 of: x1 chooses/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of | x3 (complete set) /:/ [also prefer (= nelcu'a)] /=/ cuxna (cux cu'a) *alters, x1 (event) modifies/|/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3 /:/ [causal, resultative change; agentive modify (= gafygau, gafyzu'e)] /=/ galfi (gaf ga'i) *ambassador, x1 is a diplomat/consul representing polity x2 in/at negotiation x3 for function/purpose x4 /:/ [(for) x3 polity, (use tu'a); also | (= raljansu, trujansu)] /=/ jansu (jas) *ambience, x1 (individual/mass) is part of an environment/surroundings/context/| of x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is ambient] /=/ vanbi (vab) *ambient (conditions for seeing; e.g | light), x3 of: x1 sees/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include | lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"] /=/ viska (vis vi'a) *ambient (environment), x1 (individual/mass) is part of an environment/surroundings/context/ambience of x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ vanbi (vab) &ambient background, x3 of tirna %ambient, x1 is a vision, an event of x2 viewing/seeing/perceiving visually x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include | lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived] /=/ nunvi'a *ameliorative, x1 is a |/favorable connotation/sense/way-of-looking-at x2 used by x3 /:/ /=/ zabna (zan za'a) *American (Hispanic-|), x1 reflects Hispano-| culture/nationalities in aspect x2 /:/ [refers to Spanish-speaking Latin-| countries, not Brazil/Guyana] /=/ xispo (xip) *American (North |), x1 reflects North | culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ bemro (bem be'o) *American (South |), x1 reflects South | culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ ketco (ket tco) *American (USA), x1 pertains to USA/| culture/nationality/dialect in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ merko (mer) &American aspect, USA | x2 of merko &American aspect, North | x2 of bemro &American aspect, South | x2 of ketco *amid, x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is |/among/amongst group x2 /:/ [x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership] /=/ cmima (mim cmi) *amidst, x1 is between/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/| mass x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/limits/range for x1] /=/ jbini (bin bi'i) *amino acids (sequence in protein), x2 of: x1 is a quantity of protein/albumin of type x2 composed of | acids (sequence/jo'u) /:/ /=/ lanbi *ammonia, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of nitrogen/|/nitrates /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is nitric/nitrous] /=/ trano *amoeba, x1 is a bacteria/germ/microbe/protozoan/| [1-celled life] of species/defining property x2 /:/ /=/ jurme (jum) &among, published | x2 of gubni *amongst, x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/| group x2 /:/ [x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership] /=/ cmima (mim cmi) *amount (beyond in |), x4 of: x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/| x4 (ka/ni) /:/ [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space] /=/ bancu (bac) *amount (cost of a purchase), x4 of: x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for |/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) *amount (data for averaging), x2 of: x1 [value] is a norm/average in property/| x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard x4 /:/ [also mean, normal, usual; (x3 specifies the complete set)] /=/ cnano (na'o) *amount (price set by vendor/offeror), x1 [|] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor/offeror x4 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual | exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)] /=/ jdima (di'a) *amount (| less than), x3 of: x1 is less than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by | x4 /:/ [also negative (= nonme'a)] /=/ mleca (mec me'a) *amount (| more than, excess), x3 of: x1 exceeds/is more than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by |/excess x4 /:/ [also positive (= nonmau)] /=/ zmadu (zma mau) *amount (| of adjustment), x3 of: x1 (event) adjusts/regulates/changes x2 (ka/ni) in |/degree x3 /:/ [non-resultative, causal change; agentive adjust (= tikygau, tikyzu'e)] /=/ stika (tik) *amount (| of augmentation), x3 of: x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 (agent) augments x2 by | x3 /:/ /=/ jmina (min) *amount (| of decrease), x3 of: x1 (experiencer) decreases/contracts/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by | x3 /:/ /=/ jdika *amount (| of increase), x3 of: x1 (experiencer) increases/is incremented/augmented in property/quantity x2 by | x3 /:/ /=/ zenba (zen ze'a) *amount (| of variance), x3 of: x1 varies/changes in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) in |/degree x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [non-resultative, not-necessarily causal change] /=/ cenba (cne) &amount abstract, x1 of ni broda &amount abstract, scale of | x2 of ni broda &amount in amperes, x2 of xampo &amount of charge, x3 of dikca &amount, adjustment | x3 of stika &amount, decrease | x3 of jdika &amount, increase | x3 of zenba @amount, see aldo "degree", "quantity", "level" &amount, varying | x3 of cenba %amount, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u &ere standard, x3 of xampo *ampere, x1 is x2 |(s) [metric unit] in current (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ xampo (xap xa'o) &eres, amount in | x2 of xampo &eres, current in | x2 of xampo &hibian species, x2 of banfi *amphibian, x1 is an | of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ banfi &amused, x2 of xajmi &amused, x2 of zdile *amused, x2 of: x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 /:/ [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is | by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2] /=/ zdile (zdi) *amusement, x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 /:/ [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an |/entertainment/[game] for x2] /=/ zdile (zdi) *amuses, x1 or x3 of: x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what | x2 about x1 /:/ [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2] /=/ zdile (zdi) &amusing property, x3 of zdile *amusing, x1 (abstract) is |/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 /:/ [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2] /=/ zdile (zdi) *anal, x1 is a/the anus/| orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] /:/ [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ ganxo (gax) *analogy (congruence in one or more among many properties), x1 is equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); '|' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)] /=/ dunli (dun du'i) @analogy, see also "parallel" &analysis method, x3 of lanli &analysis, subject of | x2 of lanli *analyze, x1 |-s/examines-in-detail x2 by method/technique/system x3 [process/activity] /:/ /=/ lanli (lal) &analyzed, x2 of lanli *analyzes, x1 |/examines-in-detail x2 by method/technique/system x3 [process/activity] /:/ /=/ lanli (lal) &ancestor, thing having | x2 of dzena *ancestor, x1 is an elder/| of x2 by bond/tie/degree x3; x1's generation precedes x2's parents /:/ /=/ dzena (dze) &ancestral bond, x3 of dzena &anchored, x2 of lasna @ancient, consider metaphor "polar opposite- young" (= tolci'o) *ancient, x1 is old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [This can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also | (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)] /=/ slabu (sau) &anger, object of | x2 of fengu &anger, reason for | x3 of fengu *angle (2-dimensional), x1 is an | [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)] /=/ jganu (jga) *angle (3 or more dimensional, corner |), x1 is a corner/point/at-least-3-dimensional [solid] | [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3 /:/ [also apex; a corner exists on three dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some direction; i.e. in some planar cross-section] /=/ kojna (koj ko'a) *angle (slope |), x2 of: x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant with | x2 to horizon/frame x3 /:/ [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear] /=/ salpo (sa'o) &angle vertex, x2 of jganu &angle, x2 of sinso &angle, x2 of tanjo &angle, side of an | x3 of jganu &angle, subtend | x3 of jganu *angle, x1 is x2 steradian(s) [metric unit] in solid | (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ stero (te'o) *angled (right-|), x1 is a right-| shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) /:/ [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)] /=/ kurfa (kur) *angled, x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant/| with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 /:/ [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear] /=/ salpo (sa'o) *angora, x1 is a goat/|/[billy-goat/kid] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ kanba *angry, x1 is |/mad at x2 for x3 (action/state/property) /:/ /=/ fengu (feg fe'u) &anguish, cause | x2 of dunku *anguish (| over), x1 is |-ed/distressed/emotionally wrought/stressed by x2 /:/ /=/ dunku (duk du'u) *anguished (of a person feeling anguish), x1 is |/distressed/emotionally wrought/stressed by x2 /:/ /=/ dunku (duk du'u) *angular, x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is |; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)] /=/ jganu (jga) *angular, x1 is x2 radian(s) [metric unit] in | measure (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ [measured in degrees (julra'o); right ascension [astronomical measurement] (= cacryra'o)] /=/ radno (ra'o) *animal (biologically animate), x1 is an |/creature of species x2; x1 is biologically animate /:/ /=/ danlu (dal da'u) *animal (invertebrate |), x1 is a worm/invertebrate | of species/breed x2 /:/ [also mollusk, snail (= cakcurnu), shellfish (= xaskemcakcurnu, xaskemcakydja); the generalization to invertebrate is because almost all multicellular invertebrates are indeed wormlike] /=/ curnu (cur) *animal (mammal), x1 is a mammal/'|'/beast of species x2 /:/ /=/ mabru (mab) *animal (source of meat), x1 is a quantity of/contains meat/flesh from source/| x2 /:/ /=/ rectu (rec re'u) *animal (source of non-linguistic utterance), x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most | sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) *animal (species classification of |), x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean |/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) *animal (| making speech sound), x2 of: x1 is a voice/speech sound of | x2 /:/ /=/ voksa (vok vo'a) &animal species, x2 of danlu &animal, bovine | x1 of bakni &animal, woolly | x2 of sunla *animate (biological), x1 is an animal/creature of species x2; x1 is biologically | /:/ /=/ danlu (dal da'u) @animate, see also "moves" *animation, x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/| (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) *anniversary, x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 /:/ [also | (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year] /=/ citsi *annoy, x1 (event) |-s/irritates/bothers/distracts x2 /:/ [also: is disruptive to] /=/ fanza (faz) &annoyance, person suffering | x2 of fanza &annoyed, x2 of fanza *annoys, x1 (event) |/irritates/bothers/distracts x2 /:/ [also: is disruptive to] /=/ fanza (faz) *annual (pertaining to a year), x1 is x2 years in duration (default is 1 year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ [this year (= cabna'a); next year (= bavlamna'a); last year (= prulamna'a)] /=/ nanca (na'a) @annual (repetitively occuring each year), see "season" *annulus, x1 is a ring/|/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, outside diameter x4 /:/ [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)] /=/ djine (jin) *another (do to one |), x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) /:/ [members of x1 do to each other/one | x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing to each other] /=/ simxu (sim si'u) *another (| time, | occurance), x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, |, instance, different, other, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) &another thing which is walled off, x3 of bitmu @another, see "other" &another, that cursed/blessed by | x2 of dapma *answer (response to stimulus/event), x3 of: x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 /:/ [x3 also |/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing] /=/ spuda (spu) *answer (| to a problem), x1 is the |/response/solution/[reply] to question/problem x2 /:/ /=/ danfu (daf) @answer, see also "react" &answered, question | x2 of danfu &answerer, x1 of danfu *answers (reacts), x1 reacts/responds/| with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) *answers (responds/replies), x1 |/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 /:/ [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing] /=/ spuda (spu) &ant species, x2 of manti *ant, x1 is an | of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ manti &Antarctican aspect, x2 of dzipo *Antarctican, x1 reflects | culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ dzipo (zip zi'o) *antecedent (| of a result), x2 of: x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of |/[cause] x2 (event/state/process) /:/ [also: x2 gives rise to/[causes] x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)] /=/ jalge (jag ja'e) *anterior, x1 is |/ahead/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ crane (cra) *anthracite, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of coal/peat/|/bituminous from source x2 /:/ /=/ kolme (kol ko'e) &antilogarithm, x2 of dugri &anus, thing having | x2 of ganxo *anus, x1 is a/the |/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] /:/ [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal] /=/ ganxo (gax) *anxious, x1 is nervous/| about x2 (abstraction) under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ xanka *aorist (| simultaneity), x1 is current at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time /:/ [time relationship only, '|' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] /=/ cabna (cab) *apart, x1 is |/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning | or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) *ape, x1 is a monkey/|/simian/baboon/chimpanzee of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ smani *aperture (covered by a curtain), x2 of: x1 is a curtain/blinds/drapes for covering/obscuring | x2, and made of material x3 /:/ /=/ murta (mur mu'a) &aperture, curtained | x2 of murta *apex, x1 is a corner/point/at-least-3-dimensional [solid] angle [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3 /:/ [also |; a corner exists on three dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some direction; i.e. in some planar cross-section] /=/ kojna (koj ko'a) *apparatus (aural sensory |), x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory |, information gathering] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is aural] /=/ kerlo (ker) *apparatus (general term), x1 is |/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by x3 (agent) /:/ [form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)]; (cf. ganzu for organizational |) /=/ cabra (ca'a) *apparatus (machine, automated |), x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [automated |, without direct function control] /:/ [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)] /=/ minji (mi'i) *apparatus (pumping |), x1 is a pump/injector [tool/|] pumping/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 /:/ [x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure] /=/ pambe *apparatus (respiratory |), x1 is a/the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory |/bellows] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary] /=/ fepri *apparatus (visual sensory |), x1 is a/the eye [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory |]; (adjective:) x1 is ocular /:/ [x1 is optic] /=/ kanla (kal) *apparatus (| operated), x2 of: x1 operates/drives/runs x2 [|/machine] with goal/objective/use/end/function x3 /:/ /=/ sazri (saz) *apparatus (| used for purpose), x2 of: x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, |, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 /:/ [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, le'irplicu'a)] /=/ pilno (pli) &apparatus function, x2 of cabra &apparatus operator, x3 of cabra &apparatus, control | x3 of cabra @apparatus, see also "instrument", "device", "tool" *apparent (lucid/clear), x2 of: x1 (object/medium) is clear/transparent/without obstacle to in-the-clear x2 [transmission] /:/ [also lucid; x2 remains |/lucid/clear (figurative use for 'understandable' is discouraged)] /=/ klina (kli) *apparent motion, x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); | motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) &apparent property, x2 of simlu &apparently observe, x3 of simlu *appeals, x1 attracts/| to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also: x1 is alluring to x2] /=/ trina (tri) &appearance, x2 of simlu *appears (of color), x1 is/| to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [conditions may include lighting, background, etc.] /=/ skari (ska) *appears (seems), x1 seems/| to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)] /=/ simlu (mlu) *appears (| like), x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/| like x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis] /=/ simsa (smi) @appears, see also all words with "observer" arguments in their structure, (whether listed under that keyword or not) *appendage (arm, branch with strength), x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength] /:/ [also elbow (= bircidni), wrist (= xanterjo'e), | (but jimca, rebla preferred)] /=/ birka (bir) *appendage (limb), x1 is a branch/bough/limb of x2; x2 forks into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka] /:/ [also |] /=/ jimca (jic) *appendage (supporting |, leg), x1 is a/the leg [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting |] /:/ /=/ tuple (tup tu'e) *appendage (trailing |, tail), x1 is a/the tail/appendix [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: trailing, following portion/|] /:/ /=/ rebla (reb) &appendage, grasping | x3 of jgari *appendix, x1 is a/the tail/| [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: trailing, following portion/appendage] /:/ /=/ rebla (reb) &apple species, x2 of plise *apple, x1 is an | [fruit] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ plise *application (art, creative |), x1 (process) is an art [creative |] of craft/skill x2 (idea/activity) /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is artistic] /=/ larcu (lar) *applied (of ink, with a pen), x2 of: x1 is a pen using ink x2 | by process x3 /:/ /=/ penbi (peb) *applied (of polish), x3 of: x1 (agent) polishes object/surface x2 with polish x3, | using tool x4 /:/ /=/ spali *applies (| force), x1 (force) puts pressure on/presses/| force to x2 /:/ [agentive press/depress (= da'ergau, da'erzu'e)] /=/ danre (da'e) *applies (| lifting force), x1 (force) lifts/| raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 /:/ [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] /=/ lafti (laf) @applies, see also agentive "spreads" *applying (of a pencil/crayon with marking material), x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus | lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 /:/ [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)] /=/ pinsi (pis) *apportioned, x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) /:/ [also spread, shared out, |; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)] /=/ fatri (fai) &appraise, x3 of vamji &appreciate, x2 of kukte *appreciation (state generating worth), x4 of: x1 (ni) is the equivalent value/worth of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use/| x4 /:/ [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva'i for reordered places); merit reward (= nemselva'i); receive merited reward (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erva'i, po'erselva'i for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vamji (vam va'i) *appreciative (grateful), x1 is grateful/thankful to/| of x2 for x3 (event/property) /:/ [also gratitude (= nunckire or kamckire)] /=/ ckire (kir) *apprehends (catches), x1 captures/catches/|/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 /:/ [catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)] /=/ kavbu (kav) @apprehends, see also "understands" (generally initiative tense), "anxious" *apprentice, x1 is a parent of/raises |/daughter x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege/| x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) *approach (method), x1 [process] is a method/technique/|/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 /:/ [also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)] /=/ tadji *appropriate (fitting), x1 fits/matches/suits/is compatible/|/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3 /:/ /=/ mapti (mat) *appropriates (removes), x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also |, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) *appropriates (takes/confiscates), x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscates, |]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied] /=/ lebna (leb le'a) *approve, x1 |-s of/gives favor to plan/action x2 (object/event) /:/ /=/ zanru (zar zau) &approved, x2 of zanru *approves, x1 | of/gives favor to plan/action x2 (object/event) /:/ /=/ zanru (zar zau) *approximates (is near to), x1 is near/close to/| x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) /:/ /=/ jibni (jbi) *aptitude, x1 has a talent/|/innate skill for doing/being x2 /:/ /=/ stati *aqua-, aqu-, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is |-eous/[|-atic] /:/ [|-tic (= jaupli)] /=/ djacu (jac jau) &aquaintance, x1 of slabu &aquainted with, x2 of slabu *aquatic, x1 is a fish of species x2 [metaphorical extension to sharks, non-fish | vertebrates] /:/ /=/ finpe (fip fi'e) *aquatic, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is aqueous/[|] /:/ [| (= jaupli)] /=/ djacu (jac jau) *aqueous, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of water; (adjective:) x1 is |/[aquatic] /:/ [aquatic (= jaupli)] /=/ djacu (jac jau) &aquisition, x2 of lebna *Arabian camel, x1 is a camel/llama/alpaca/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2 /:/ [llama (= tcokumte), Bactrian camel (= zdokumte); | camel/dromedary (= rabykumte)] /=/ kumte *Arabian, x1 reflects Saudi | culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ sadjo (djo) *Arabic (pertaining to Arabs as a Semitic people/culture), x1 reflects Semitic [metaphor: Middle-Eastern] language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ [Semitic includes |, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Ethiopian, among others] /=/ semto (sme) *Arabic (pertaining to the |-speaking culture), x1 reflects |-speaking culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ xrabo (rab) &Arabic aspect, x2 of xrabo *arachnid, x1 is a spider/|/[crustacean/crab/lobster/non-insect arthropod] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jukni (juk) *Aramaic, x1 reflects Semitic [metaphor: Middle-Eastern] language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ [Semitic includes Arabic, Hebrew, |, and Ethiopian, among others] /=/ semto (sme) *arbitrary, x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 /:/ [also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, | (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")] /=/ cunso (cun cu'o) *arbitrate (judge an event/condition), x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/| (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) *arbitrates, x1 judges/referees/|/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) *arc, x1 arches/curves over/around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of material x3 /:/ [also |; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume] /=/ bargu (bag) *arc, x1 is lightning/electrical |/thunderbolt striking at/extending to x2 from x3 /:/ [also thunder (= lidysna)] /=/ lindi (lid) &arch material, x3 of bargu *arch, x1 arches/curves over/around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an | over/around x2 of material x3 /:/ [also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume] /=/ bargu (bag) &arched over, thing | x2 of bargu *arches, x1 |/curves over/around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of material x3 /:/ [also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume] /=/ bargu (bag) *archetypical, x1 is perfect/ideal/|/faultless/flawless/un-improvable in property/aspect x2 (ka) /:/ [also without defect/error] /=/ prane (pa'e) &arcsine, x2 of sinso *arcsine, x1 is the trigonometric sine of | x2 /:/ /=/ sinso &arctangent, x2 of tanjo *arctangent, x1 is the trigonometric tangent of | x2 /:/ /=/ tanjo &are related, x3 of bridi *area (extent), x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/|/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) *area (gathered from), x1 (agent) harvests/reaps/gathers crop/product/objects x2 from source/| x3 /:/ /=/ crepu (rep) *area (metropolitan), x1 is a town/city of metropolitan | x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/region x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is urban] /=/ tcadu (tca) *area (rural), x1 is a rural/rustic/pastoral | of x2; x1 is in the country /:/ /=/ nurma (num) *area (served by temple/church), x1 is a temple/church/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving | x3 /:/ [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)] /=/ malsi (mas) *area (suburban), x1 is a suburban | of city/metropolis x2 /:/ /=/ jarbu *area (units), x1 is x2 local | unit(s) [non-metric] (default 1) by standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ kramu &area of effect, x2 of diklo *area, x1 is space/volume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional |] occupied by x2 /:/ [also occupy (= selca'u)] /=/ canlu (cal ca'u) *argent, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of silver/|-um (Ag); [metaphor: valuable, tarnishing] /:/ /=/ rijno (rij) &Argentinian aspect, x2 of gento *Argentinian, x1 reflects | culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ gento (get ge'o) *argentum, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of silver/| (Ag); [metaphor: valuable, tarnishing] /:/ /=/ rijno (rij) *argon, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of inert gas of type x2 [neon/|/radon/xenon] /:/ [default neon] /=/ navni *argue, x1 |-s for stand x2 against stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary] /:/ /=/ darlu (dau) &argued against, x3 of darlu &argued for, x2 of darlu *argues, x1 | for stand x2 against stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary] /:/ /=/ darlu (dau) *argument (something not taken sides on), x1 is neutral/not taking sides/medial/not towards any extreme on scale/in dissension x2 /:/ [also x2 |/struggle (though x2 is not limited to disagreements, which is merely one manifestation of scalar or distributed values in which there is a medial position)] /=/ nutli (nul nu'i) *argument (| of predicate/function), x1 is a/the | of predicate/function x2 filling place x3 (kind/number) /:/ (x1 and x2 are text) /=/ sumti (sum su'i) &argument of affix compound, x3 of lujvo &argument place, x3 of sumti &argument relation, x3 of sumti *argument roles (| of Lojban root - gismu), x3 of: x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among | x3, with affix(es) x4 /:/ [gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gi'uste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)] /=/ gismu (gim gi'u) &argument, predicate with | x2 of sumti *arguments (| of a compound predicate word - lujvo), x3 of: x1 (text) is a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and | x3 built from metaphor x4 /:/ /=/ lujvo (luv jvo) *arguments (| of predication), x3 of: x1 (text) is a predicate relationship/predication with relation x2 among | (sequence/set) x3 /:/ [also: x3 are related by relation x2 (= terbri for reordered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified) /=/ bridi (bri) &arguments, predicate | x3 of bridi &arguments, root word | x3 of gismu *arid, x1 is dry of liquid x2; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ /=/ sudga (sud) *arises, x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) /:/ [also: x2 | from x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)] /=/ jalge (jag ja'e) *arises, x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 | from x2] /=/ rinka (rik ri'a) *aristocratic, x1 is noble/|/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles] /=/ nobli (nol no'i) *arm (body part), x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength] /:/ [also elbow (= bircidni), wrist (= xanterjo'e), appendage (but jimca, rebla preferred)] /=/ birka (bir) *arm (garment), x1 is a mitten/glove [hand and lower | garment] of material x2 /:/ [mitten (= degycauglu)] /=/ gluta (glu) *arm (lever), x1 is a lever [tool] [of apparatus] for doing x2 [function/action], with fulcrum x3 and | x4 /:/ /=/ vraga (vra) *arm (weapon), x1 is a weapon/|-s for use against x2 by x3 /:/ [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)] /=/ xarci (xac xa'i) &arm, lever | x4 of vraga &arm, thing having | x2 of birka &armed, x2 of birka &armed, x3 of xarci *arms, x1 is a weapon/| for use against x2 by x3 /:/ [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)] /=/ xarci (xac xa'i) &army function, x3 of jenmi &army, soldier's | x2 of sonci &army, thing having | x2 of jenmi *army, x1 (mass) is an | serving group/community x2 (mass) in function x3 (activity) /:/ /=/ jenmi (jem jei) *army, x1 is a soldier/warrior/fighter of | x2 /:/ /=/ sonci (son soi) *army, x1 is military/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an | to defend a state (= bilpre)] /=/ bilni (bil) *around (arches/curves |), x1 arches/curves over/| x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/| x2 of material x3 /:/ [also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume] /=/ bargu (bag) *around (detours |), x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) /:/ [also detours |, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] /=/ rivbi (riv) *around (encircles |), x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle |/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) *around (movement | axis), x1 turns/rotates/revolves | axis x2 in direction x3 /:/ [also revolve (= jincarna)] /=/ carna (car) *around (planet revolving | sun), x1 is a planet revolving | x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ plini *around (ring/collar |), x1 is a collar/ring/belt/band |/surrounding x2 made of material x3 /:/ [also sphincter] /=/ karli *around (shell |), x1 is a shell/husk [hard, protective covering] | x2 composed of x3 /:/ /=/ calku (cak) *arranged (of forms in a pattern), x2 of: x1 is/reflects/represents a pattern of forms/events x2 | according to structure x3 /:/ [x3 is a [model] for x1 (= termontai, termonsi'o); image (= gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, selmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the ideal)] /=/ morna (mon mo'a) *arrangement (form of a crystal), x3 of: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of crystal of composition x2 in form/| x3 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ krili *arrangement (plan), x2 of: x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/|/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) *arrangement (structure/organization), x1 is a structure/|/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity] /:/ (x2, if a set, is completely specified) /=/ stura (tur su'a) &arrangement, x2 of porsi &arrangement, x3 of morna *arrival (prompting a greeting), x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to | of x2 in manner x3 (action) /:/ /=/ rinsa *arrives (prompting a greeting), x2 of: x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to x2 [, who |, ] in manner x3 (action) /:/ /=/ rinsa *arse, x1 is a/the buttock(s)/|/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] /:/ [also ass, behind, butt] /=/ zargu (zag za'u) *arsehole, x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/asshole/| [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] /:/ [also asshole/ass/|; (adjective:) x1 is anal] /=/ ganxo (gax) *art, x1 (process) is an | [creative application] of craft/skill x2 (idea/activity) /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is artistic] /=/ larcu (lar) *arthropod (blood-sucking/parasitic |), x1 is a louse/flea [blood-sucking |] of species/breed x2, parasitic on x3 /:/ /=/ civla (civ) *arthropod (insect), x1 is an insect/| of species x2; [bug/beetle] /:/ /=/ cinki *arthropod (non-insect |), x1 is a spider/arachnid/[crustacean/crab/lobster/non-insect |] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jukni (juk) &article language, x3 of gadri &article semantics, x4 of gadri &article, phrase with | x2 of gadri *article, x1 is an |/descriptor labelling description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantics x4 /:/ [x2 is the noun phrase/sumti without the |/descriptor; description ((x1 with x2) = gadysu'i); note: 'determiner' has become the accepted general linguistics term, displacing '|'; however, 'determiner' includes all words that can introduce a noun phrase/sumti, whether a description or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (especially in indefinites) like ci and su'o, and demonstratives like ti, ta, and tu; the term 'descriptor' in Lojban, is limited to words that introduce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma'o LA and LE, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; '|' typically refers only to a single word; Lojban assumes the broader meaning] /=/ gadri (gad) &artifact, make | x2 of rutni *artifact, x1 is an |; x1 is artificial; x1 is made/caused by people/se kulnu x2; x1 is man-made /:/ /=/ rutni (run) *artificial, x1 is an artifact; x1 is |; x1 is made/caused by people/se kulnu x2; x1 is man-made /:/ /=/ rutni (run) @artist (one who does a creative act), see "create", "invent"" @artist (one who practices an art with skill), see "expert" &artist, x3 of pixra *artist, x3 of: x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by | x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)] /=/ pixra (pir xra) *artistic (pertaining to arts and crafts), x1 (process) is an art [creative application] of craft/skill x2 (idea/activity) /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ larcu (lar) &artistic activity, x2 of larcu *arts, x1 [mass of ideas, customs, skills, |] is culture of nation/ethos x2 (mass); x1 is ethnic /:/ [(note that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is shared among people and is not an individual trait)] /=/ kulnu (klu) *as much as, x1 is equal/congruent to/| x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)] /=/ dunli (dun du'i) &ashamed before, x3 of ckeji *ashamed (one who is |), x1 feels |/mortified/humiliated under conditions x2 before community/audience x3 /:/ /=/ ckeji (kej cke) &Asiatic aspect, x2 of xazdo *Asiatic, x1 reflects | culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ xazdo (xaz zdo) &ask, x3 of preti &asked, x4 of preti *asks, x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [| with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci *asks, x1 requests/|/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4 /:/ [also demand (= mi'ecpe)] /=/ cpedu (cpe) *aslant, x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/| with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 /:/ [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear] /=/ salpo (sa'o) *asleep, x1 is | (adjective); x1 sleeps/is sleeping /:/ /=/ sipna (sip) *aspartame (sugar-like substance), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/|/sugar substitute (sakybasti, basysakta, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ sakta (sat) &aspect, African | x2 of friko &aspect, Algerian | x2 of jerxo &aspect, American | x2 of merko &aspect, Antarctican | x2 of dzipo &aspect, Arabic | x2 of xrabo &aspect, Argentinian | x2 of gento &aspect, Asiatic | x2 of xazdo &aspect, Australian | x2 of sralo &aspect, Bengali | x2 of bengo &aspect, Brazilian | x2 of brazo &aspect, British | x2 of brito &aspect, Buddhist | x2 of budjo &aspect, Canadian | x2 of kadno &aspect, Chinese | x2 of jungo &aspect, Christian | x2 of xriso &aspect, Egyptian | x2 of misro &aspect, English | x2 of glico &aspect, European | x2 of ropno &aspect, French | x2 of fraso &aspect, German | x2 of dotco &aspect, Greek | x2 of xelso &aspect, Hebrew | x2 of xebro &aspect, Hindi | x2 of xindo &aspect, Hispanic | x2 of xispo &aspect, Indonesian | x2 of bindo &aspect, Iraqi | x2 of rakso &aspect, Islamic | x2 of muslo &aspect, Japanese | x2 of ponjo &aspect, Jehovist | x2 of jegvo &aspect, Jordanian | x2 of jordo &aspect, Latin | x2 of latmo &aspect, Lebanese | x2 of lubno &aspect, Libyan | x2 of libjo &aspect, Lojbanic | x2 of lojbo &aspect, Malay-Ind | x2 of baxso &aspect, Malaysian | x2 of meljo &aspect, Mexican | x2 of mexno &aspect, Moroccan | x2 of morko &aspect, North American | x2 of bemro &aspect, Pakistani | x2 of kisto &aspect, Palestinian | x2 of filso &aspect, Polynesian | x2 of polno &aspect, Portuguese | x2 of porto &aspect, Russian | x2 of rusko &aspect, Sanskrit | x2 of srito &aspect, Saudi | x2 of sadjo &aspect, Scottish | x2 of skoto &aspect, Semitic | x2 of semto &aspect, Slavic | x2 of slovo &aspect, South American | x2 of ketco &aspect, Soviet | x2 of softo &aspect, Spanish | x2 of spano &aspect, Syrian | x2 of sirxo &aspect, Taoist | x2 of dadjo &aspect, Ukrainian | x2 of vukro &aspect, Urdi | x2 of xurdo *aspects (properties controlled/managed within an event), x2 of: x1 has control over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance) /:/ [x2 are |/individuals controlled within activity/event x3; manage (= selzu'etro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)] /=/ jitro (tro) *asphalt, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tar/| from source x2 /:/ /=/ tarla *ass, x1 is a donkey/jack-| of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ xasli *ass, x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] /:/ [also asshole/|/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal] /=/ ganxo (gax) *ass, x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] /:/ [also |, behind, butt] /=/ zargu (zag za'u) *assembled (science | of a mass of facts), x1 (mass of facts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on methodology x3 /:/ [not limited to science as derived by the scientific method, but pertaining to any body of usually-coherent knowledge garnered/gathered/| by a consistent methodology] /=/ saske (ske) *assembled, x2 of: x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3; x2 is |/built/made/created/manufactured out of x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) *assembles, x1 makes/|/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) *assembly line, x1 is a mill/foundry/industrial plant/[|] performing process x2 /:/ [(unlike fanri,) need not produce a product; grain mill (= grumlo), grinding mill (= zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca'a)] /=/ molki (mlo) *assert, x1 (agent) |-s/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] /:/ [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2] /=/ xusra (xus xu'a) &asserted, x2 of xusra &assertion, x2 of xusra *asserts, x1 (agent) |/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] /:/ [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2] /=/ xusra (xus xu'a) *assets, x2 of: x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) /:/ [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested | of x1; bond (= jertervle)] /=/ zivle (ziv vle) *asshole (body part), x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/|/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] /:/ [also |/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal] /=/ ganxo (gax) @asshole (derogative appellation), see "derogative", Lojban "mabla" *asshole/arsehole, x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/| [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] /:/ [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal] /=/ ganxo (gax) *assignable predicate variable, 1st | (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ broda (rod) *assignable predicate variable, 2nd | (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ brode (bo'e) *assignable predicate variable, 3rd | (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ brodi *assignable predicate variable, 4th | (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ brodo *assignable predicate variable, 5th | (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ brodu *assistant, x1 is a deputy/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to principal x3 /:/ [also |, adjutant] /=/ vipsi (vip) *assists, x1 helps/|/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3 /:/ /=/ sidju (dju) @associate, see also "friend", "with", "known", "relative" *associated (related by specific relationship) , x1 is related to/| with/akin to x2 by relationship x3 /:/ /=/ ckini (ki'i) *associated (related/germane/relevant), x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/| with/is about x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2] /=/ srana (ra'a) *associated (specifically | with), x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically |]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) *association, x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose | is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) *assorted, x1 (set/mass/individual) is miscellaneous/various/| in property x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ vrici *assume, x1 |-s/supposes that x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ sruma (ru'a) *assumed (of a belief), x2 of: x1 believes [without objective/external evidence/proof] that belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/| about subject x3 /:/ [also gives credence, has conviction] /=/ krici (kri) &assumed, x2 of sruma *assumes (borrow temporarily), x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/| x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 /:/ [credit (= jernu'e); borrows/| a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)] /=/ jbera (jer) *assumes (supposes), x1 |/supposes that x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ sruma (ru'a) *assumes (| a sitting position), x1 sits [| sitting position] on surface x2 /:/ /=/ zutse (zut tse) &assumption subject, x3 of sruma &assumption, x2 of sruma *assures, x1 (agent) promises/commits/|/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim] /:/ /=/ nupre (nup nu'e) *astronomical twilight, x1 is the [|] twilight/dawn/dusk/half-light/glimmering of day x2 at location x3 /:/ [morning twilight, dawn (= cermurse); evening twilight, dusk (= vacmurse)] /=/ murse *at ease, x1 relaxes/rests/is | in/by doing/being x2 (activity) /:/ /=/ surla (sur) *at night, x1 is a nighttime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is |/nocturnal /:/ [tonight (= cabycte); tomorrow | (= bavlamcte, even when tonight is still in the future); last | (= prulamcte)] /=/ nicte (cte) &at peace with, x2 of panpi *at peace, x1 is | with x2 /:/ /=/ panpi (pap) *at rest, x1 is idle/|/inactive /:/ ["in motion", not implying a change in location, is negation of this] /=/ cando (cad) &at, x1 of zvati &at, remained | x2 of stali *at, x1 (object/event) is |/attending/present | x2 (event/location) /:/ [refers to a nonce location for an object/activity that is mobile] /=/ zvati (zva) *atmosphere (air), x1 is a quantity of air/normally-gaseous | of planet x2, of composition including x3 /:/ /=/ vacri (var) *atmosphere (sea, large partially or fully enclosing layer of a planet), x1 is a sea/ocean/gulf/[|] of planet x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine /:/ [also | (= varxamsi, varsenta)] /=/ xamsi (xas) *atmosphere (something x1 burns in), x3 of: x1 burns/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in | x3 /:/ [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)] /=/ jelca (jel) &atmosphere, burning | x3 of jelca @atmosphere, see also "environment", "surrounding", "shell", "layer", "skin" %atmosphere, x1 is a flight/an event of x2 flying [in air/|] using lifting/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ nunvofli %atmosphere, x1 is flight/the property/quality of x2 flying [in air/|] using lifting/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ kamvofli *atoll, x1 is an island/|/key of [material/properties] x2 in surroundings/body x3; x1 is insular /:/ /=/ daplu (plu) *atom, x1 is a cell/|/unit/molecule of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most basic subunit of x2 /:/ (x2 generally has mass nature) /=/ selci (sle) *atom, x1 is an | of element/atomic number x2 of isotope number/atomic weight x3 /:/ /=/ ratni (rat) *atomic number, x2 of: x1 is an atom of element/| x2 of isotope number/atomic weight x3 /:/ /=/ ratni (rat) *atomic weight, x3 of: x1 is an atom of element/atomic number x2 of isotope number/| x3 /:/ /=/ ratni (rat) *atop, x1 is upon/|/resting on/lying on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/gravity x3 /:/ (x1 may be object or event) /=/ cpana *attached (become physically |), x2 or x3 of: x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches x2 to x3 with fastener x4 /:/ [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes |] /=/ lasna (la'a) *attached (joined at locus), x1 or x2 of: x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union /:/ [also joined/fastened/| by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)] /=/ jorne (jon jo'e) *attached (of a phone/modem to a network), x1 is a telephone transceiver/modem | to system/network x2 /:/ /=/ fonxa (fon) *attached (of a shelf/counter), x1 is a shelf/counter/bar in/on/| to supporting object x2, for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ kajna *attaches (agentive), x1 (agent) fastens/connects/| x2 to x3 with fastener x4 /:/ [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached] /=/ lasna (la'a) *attaching (of a joint - body part), x1 is a/the shoulder/hip/joint [body-part] | limb/extremity x2 to body x3 /:/ /=/ janco (jan) &attack goal, x3 of gunta *attack, x1 (person/mass) |-s/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) &attacked with weapon, x2 of xarci &attacked, x2 of gunta %attacker (in an event of aggression), x1 is an aggression, an event of x2 (person/mass) |/invading/committing aggression upon victim x3 with goal/objective x4; x2 is an | /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) *attacker, x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3; x1 is an | /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) %attacking (an event of aggression), x1 is an aggression, an event of x2 (person/mass) |/invading/committing aggression upon victim x3 with goal/objective x4 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) *attacks, x1 (person/mass) |/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) *attain (something attempted), x1 tries/attempts/makes an effort to do/| x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3 /:/ [also experiments at] /=/ troci (toc toi) @attain, see also "succeed", "do" %attainment (goal of an event of trying), x3 of: x1 is a try/attempt/effort, an event of x2 trying/attempting/making an effort to do | x3 (event/state/property) by actions/method x4 /:/ /=/ nuntoi %attempt (an event of trying), x1 is a try/|/effort, an event of x2 trying/attempting/making an effort to do/attain x3 (event/state/property) by actions/method x4 /:/ /=/ nuntoi *attempt (| which succeeds), x3 of: x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/|/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) &attempted, x2 of troci %attempting (an event of trying), x2 of: x1 is a try/attempt/effort, an event of x2 trying/|/making an effort to do/attain x3 (event/state/property) by actions/method x4 /:/ /=/ nuntoi *attempts (| to stimulate), x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); | to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) *attempts (| to warn), x1 (event/experience) warns/cautions x2 (person) of/about danger x3 (event/state/property) /:/ [agentive warning (= jdegau, jdezu'e); | to warn but may not succeed (= jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)] /=/ kajde (jde) *attempts, x1 tries/|/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3 /:/ [also experiments at] /=/ troci (toc toi) &attend school, x4 of ckule *attend, x1 is attentive towards/|-s/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2 /:/ /=/ jundi (jud ju'i) &attended to, x2 of jundi &attended, location | x2 of zvati *attending (present at), x1 (object/event) is at/|/present at x2 (event/location) /:/ [refers to a nonce location for an object/activity that is mobile] /=/ zvati (zva) *attends (pays attention), x1 is attentive towards/|/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2 /:/ /=/ jundi (jud ju'i) *attends (takes care of), x1 takes-care-of/looks after/| to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) /:/ [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2] /=/ kurji (kuj ku'i) *attention (pays |), x1 is attentive towards/attends/tends/pays | to object/affair x2 /:/ /=/ jundi (jud ju'i) *attentive, x1 is | towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2 /:/ /=/ jundi (jud ju'i) *atto- (metric prefix); x1 is 1x10**-18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ xatsi (xat) *attract, x1 |-s/appeals to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also: x1 is alluring to x2] /=/ trina (tri) &attracted, x2 of trina &attracting property, x3 of trina *attraction (to a gender), x3 of: x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[| to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfri)] /=/ cinse (cin) &attractive, x3 of trina *attracts, x1 |/appeals to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also: x1 is alluring to x2] /=/ trina (tri) *atypical (of an event deserving reward), x3 of: x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for | x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4 /:/ [differs from earned payment because of | nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, po'ervelne'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cnemu (nem ne'u) *atypical (rare), x1 [member] is rare/unusual/uncommon/| in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ (x3 is complete specification of set) /=/ rirci &audacious behavior, x2 of darsi *audacity, x1 shows |/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka) /:/ [x1 is bold] /=/ darsi *audacious, x1 is |/shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka) /:/ [x1 is bold] /=/ darsi *audible, x2 of: x1 hears x2 against background/noise x3; x2 is |; (adjective:) x1 is aural /:/ /=/ tirna (tin) *audience (intended | for a book), x4 of: x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for | x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) *audience (intended | for learning at a school), x4 of: x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to |/community x4 operated by x5 /:/ [also college, university] /=/ ckule (kul cu'e) &audience addressed, x3 of cusku &audience of drama, x4 of draci &audience, x3 of skicu &audience, cinema | x4 of skina &audience, performance | x3 of tigni @augment, see also "grow" *augment, x1 (experiencer) increases/is incremented/|-ed in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ zenba (zen ze'a) *augment, x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 (agent) |-s x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jmina (min) *augmented, x1 (experiencer) increases/is incremented/| in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ zenba (zen ze'a) *augments, x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 (agent) | x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jmina (min) *august, x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, |, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) &aunt, thing having | x2 of famti &uncle, thing having | x2 of famti *aunt, x1 is an |/uncle of x2 by bond/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's parent's generation /:/ /=/ famti *aural (pertaining to something heard), x2 of: x1 hears x2 against background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ /=/ tirna (tin) *aural (pertaining to the ear), x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ kerlo (ker) *aural, x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ kerlo (ker) &Australian aspect, x2 of sralo *Australian, x1 reflects | culture/nationality/geography/dialect in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ sralo *author (| of book), x3 of: x1 is a book containing work x2 by | x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) *author (| of fiction), x1 is a work of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by | x3 /:/ [also story, lie, untrue] /=/ cfika (fik fi'a) *author (| of letter), x3 of: x1 is a letter/missive/[note] to intended audience x2 from |/originator x3 with content x4 /:/ (cf. notci, which has places in a different order; the emphasis in xatra is on the communication between | and recipient, and not the content, which in a letter may not easily be categorized to a 'subject') /=/ xatra (xa'a) *author (| of message), x3 of: x1 is a message/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from | x3 to intended audience x4 /:/ [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended' audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for 'content'); reminder/memo/note (= mojnoi)] /=/ notci (not noi) *author (| of poem), x3 of: x1 is a poem/verse about plot/theme/subject/pattern x2 by | x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ pemci (pem) *author (| of prose), x1 is prose about plot/theme/subject x2 by | x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [non-poetic written text, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ prosa (ros ro'a) *author (|/stroyteller of a story), x3 of: x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the |] /=/ lisri (lis) &author of a book, x3 of cukta &author of fiction, x3 of cfika &author, x3 of prosa &author, letter | x3 of xatra *authority (epistemological |), x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of |] /:/ [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2] /=/ xusra (xus xu'a) *authority (person/official having | over), x1 has |/is an official in/on/over matter/sphere/persons x2 derived on basis x3 /:/ /=/ catni (ca'i) *authority (police officer, as an agent of |), x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 /:/ [police officer, as an agent of | (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)] /=/ pulji *authority (| granting charter to a corporation), x2 of: x1 is a company/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by | x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)] /=/ kagni (kag) *authority (| issuing passport), x3 of: x1 is a passport issued to x2 (person) by | x3 allowing x4 (activity) /:/ /=/ jaspu (jap) *authority (| levying tax), x4 of: x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by |/collector x4 /:/ [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] /=/ cteki (tek ce'i) *authority (| to which x1 is accountable), x3 of: x1 is responsible/accountable for x2 (action/resulting state) to judge/| x3 /:/ /=/ fuzme (fuz fu'e) &authority basis, x3 of catni &authorize company, x2 of kagni &authorized by passport, x4 of jaspu *authors (invents/creates), x1 invents/creates/composes/| x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4 /:/ [x1 is creative/inventive] /=/ finti (fin fi'i) @authors, see also various individual works which may be authored *automated (of machine/apparatus), x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [| apparatus, without direct function control] /:/ [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)] /=/ minji (mi'i) *automatic (not manual), x1 is | in function x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ zmiku (zmi) *automatic (of machine/apparatus), x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [| apparatus, without direct function control] /:/ [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)] /=/ minji (mi'i) &automatic function, x2 of zmiku *automatically (of a machine), x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [automated apparatus, without direct function control] /:/ [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function |; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)] /=/ minji (mi'i) &automaticity condition, x3 of zmiku *automobile, x1 is a car/|/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ karce &autumn location, x3 of critu *autumn, x1 is |/fall [harvest/cooling season] of year x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ critu &autumn, year of | x2 of critu &available, x3 of cuxna *available, x1 is public/un-hidden/open/jointly | to/owned by all among community x2 (mass) /:/ /=/ gubni (gub) *avenge, x1 takes revenge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) /:/ [also |; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful] /=/ venfu (vef) &avenged, x3 of venfu *avenue, x1 is a street/|/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 /:/ [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it] /=/ klaji (laj) *average, x1 [value] is a norm/| in property/amount x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard x4 /:/ [also mean, normal, usual; (x3 specifies the complete set)] /=/ cnano (na'o) &averaged, x2 of cnano *avian, x1 is a bird/|/fowl of species x2 /:/ /=/ cipni (cpi) *avoid, x1 |-s/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) /:/ [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] /=/ rivbi (riv) &avoidance, x3 of rivbi &avoided, x2 of rivbi &avoided, activity | x2 of lazni *avoiding work/effort (lazy), x1 (person) is lazy/| concerning action x2 /:/ /=/ lazni *avoids, x1 |/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) /:/ [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] /=/ rivbi (riv) &avuncular bond, x3 of famti *avuncular, x1 is an aunt/uncle of x2 by bond/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's parent's generation /:/ /=/ famti &awaited, thing/event | x2 of denpa *awaits, x1 |/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) /:/ [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4] /=/ denpa (dep de'a) *awake, (adjective, of one who is |:) x1 is |/alert/conscious /:/ /=/ cikna (cik) *aware, x1 is conscious/| of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/recognizes x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also: x1 knows [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies some amount of mental processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, and may also be applied to mental relationships that are not detected by the senses] /=/ sanji (saj) *away (avoids), x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) /:/ [also detours around, stays | from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] /=/ rivbi (riv) *away (depth distance), x1 is deep in extent in direction/property x2 | from reference point x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ condi (con cno coi) *away (depth distance), x1 is shallow in extent in direction/property x2 | from reference point x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ caxno (cax) *away (goes), x1 leaves/goes |/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 /:/ [also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2] /=/ cliva (liv li'a) *away (moves |), x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [|] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) *away (removes), x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes | x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) *away (vanishes), x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3 /:/ [also leaves, goes | (one sense)] /=/ canci &away, material cleaned | x2 of jinsa *awe, x1 feels wonder/|/marvels about x2 /:/ /=/ manci (mac) &awesome, x2 of manci *awesome, x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, |, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) *awkward, x1 (action) is clumsy/| by standard x2 /:/ /=/ juxre (jux) &axis, rolling | x3 of gunro &axis, turn | x2 of carna *axis, x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on |/axle x3; x1 is a roller /:/ /=/ gunro (gur gu'o) *axis, x1 turns/rotates/revolves around | x2 in direction x3 /:/ [also revolve (= jincarna)] /=/ carna (car) &axle material, x3 of jendu &axle, x3 of gunro &axle, pulley | x3 of pulni &axle, spin on | x2 of jendu *axle, x1 is a pulley [tool] for performing action/function x2 rotating on | x3 /:/ /=/ pulni *axle, x1 is an |/spindle [tool] on which x2 rotates, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ jendu (jed) *axle, x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/| x3; x1 is a roller /:/ /=/ gunro (gur gu'o) *baa, x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, |, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) *baboon, x1 is a monkey/ape/simian/|/chimpanzee of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ smani *baby, x1 is an infant/| [helpless through youth/incomplete development] of species x2 /:/ [also infantile] /=/ cifnu (cif) *back (held |), x1 is restrained/held [|]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [|]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) *back (moves |), x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 | to x3 from x4 /:/ [x2 goes |/reverts/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)] /=/ xruti (xru) *back (posterior/behind), x1 is posterior/behind/|/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)] /=/ trixe (rix ti'e) *back and forth, x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, |, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) *back and forth, x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, |, reciprocal motion] /=/ desku (des) *background (| heard against), x3 of:x1 hears x2 against |/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural /:/ /=/ tirna (tin) *background (| of color), x4 of: x1 is/appears to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [conditions may include lighting, |, etc.] /=/ skari (ska) *background (| of seeing) x3 of:, x1 sees/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, |, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"] /=/ viska (vis vi'a) &background noise, x3 of tirna &background, ambient | x3 of tirna %background, x1 is a vision, an event of x2 viewing/seeing/perceiving visually x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include ambient lighting, |, etc. which may affect what is perceived] /=/ nunvi'a *bacon, x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/|-producer] of species/breed x2 /:/ [sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)] /=/ xarju (xaj) *bacteria, x1 is a |/germ/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [1-celled life] of species/defining property x2 /:/ /=/ jurme (jum) *bactrian, x1 is a camel/llama/alpaca/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2 /:/ [llama (= tcokumte), | camel (= zdokumte); Arabian camel/dromedary (= rabykumte)] /=/ kumte *bad (morally), x1 is evil/depraved/wicked [morally |] by standard x2 /:/ /=/ palci (pac) &bad, find | x2 of xlali *bad, x1 is | for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2 /:/ [be careful to distinguish between a |/unacceptable event, and a |/unacceptable agent: x1 does poorly (= lenu ko'a gasnu cu xlali and not normally ko'a xlali)] /=/ xlali (xla) &badness standard, x3 of xlali *baffle (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2 /:/ [baffled (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1] /=/ fliba (fli) *baffled (fails, various meanings associated with failure), x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2 /:/ [| (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1] /=/ fliba (fli) *baffles (confuses), x1 (event/state) confuses/| x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ cfipu (fi'u) *baffles (disrupts/hinders), x1 (event/state) interferes with/hinders/disrupts x2 (event/state/process) due to quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also blocks, obstructs, |; not necessarily forcing cessation] /=/ zunti (zun zu'i) *baffles (problem/event producing failure), x2 of: x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2 /:/ [| (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1] /=/ fliba (fli) *bag, x1 is a sack/| with contents x2, and of material x3 /:/ /=/ dakli &bagged, x2 of dakli %baggy, x1 is a loose, |, bloused shirt /=/ luzycreka *Bahasa (Malay-Indonesian word for 'language'), x1 reflects Malay-Indonesian common language/culture in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ baxso *bake, x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process) /:/ [cook with heat (= glajukpa), | (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)] /=/ jukpa (jup) *baked (of ceramic/clay), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of ceramic made by x2, of composition x3, in form/shape x4 /:/ [made of | clay or other non-metallic solid; x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ staku (tak) &baked goods, x2 of toknu &baked, x2 of toknu *baking (purpose of an oven), x1 is an oven [enclosure that heats its contents] for |/heating/drying x2 /:/ /=/ toknu (tok) *balance, x1 is in |/equilibrium under forces x2 (mass) /:/ /=/ lanxe (lax) *balances (opposes), x1 opposes/|/contends/resists against opponent(s) x2 (person/force individual/mass) about x3 (abstract) /:/ /=/ fapro (fap pro) &balancing forces, x2 of lanxe &balconied, x2 of balni &balcony, building with | x2 of balni *balcony, x1 is a |/overhang/ledge/shelf of building/structure x2 /:/ /=/ balni &ball material, x2 of bolci *ball, x1 is a |/sphere/orb/globe [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [made of x2] /:/ [also round] /=/ bolci (bol boi) *ballistic, x1 is a | projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) *balls, x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/|/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ] /=/ ganti *banal, x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ [also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) |, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)] /=/ fadni (fad) &banana species, x2 of badna *banana, x1 is a |/plantain [fruit/plant] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ badna *band (ring form), x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, outside diameter x4 /:/ [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also |, belt, encircle (= jinsru)] /=/ djine (jin) *band (ring/belt), x1 is a collar/ring/belt/| around/surrounding x2 made of material x3 /:/ [also sphincter] /=/ karli *band (strip), x1 is a ribbon/tape/strip/|/stripe of material x2 /:/ /=/ dasri (sri) *band (surrounding), x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/|/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) *band (team), x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/| of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) *Bangladesh, x1 reflects Bengali/| culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ bengo (beg) *bank, x1 is a | owned by/in banking system x2 for banking function(s) x3 (event) /:/ /=/ banxa (bax) &banker, x2 of banxa *banking function, x3 of: x1 is a bank owned by/in banking system x2 for |(s) x3 (event) /:/ /=/ banxa (bax) &banking functions, x3 of banxa *banking system, x2 of: x1 is a bank owned by/in | x2 for banking function(s) x3 (event) /:/ /=/ banxa (bax) *banner, x1 is a flag/|/standard of/symbolizing x2 with pattern(s) x3 on material x4 /:/ /=/ lanci *bar (shelf), x1 is a shelf/counter/| in/on/attached to supporting object x2, for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ kajna *bar (supporting rail), x1 is a rail/railing/| [tool] supporting/restraining x2, of material x3 /:/ /=/ garna (gar) *bar (tavern), x1 is a tavern/|/pub serving x2 to audience/patrons x3 /:/ /=/ barja &bar customers, x3 of barja &bar, fare of a | x2 of barja &bar, patrons of a | x3 of barja &bar, served in | x2 of barja *bare, x1 is |/naked/nude; x1 is without cover/clothes/[protection] /:/ /=/ lunbe (lub) *bark, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of cork/| from tree/species x2; [material] /:/ /=/ korka (kok) *bark, x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. |, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) &barley species, x2 of bavmi *barley, x1 is a quantity of | [grain] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ bavmi *barrel, x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), | (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ dekpu *barrier (| to penetration), x2 of: x1 passes through/penetrates |/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) &barrier, x2 of pagre @barrier, see also "obstacle", "wall" *barters, x1 or x4 of: x1 exchanges/trades/| commodity/service x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics) /=/ canja (caj) *basal, x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2 /:/ [x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/|/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)] /=/ jicmu (cmu) *base (alkali), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali/| of composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is alkaline] /=/ jilka (jil) *base (bottom), x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the |/bottom of x2 /:/ [x2 is founded on | x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be |-s/bottoms for objects)] /=/ jicmu (cmu) *base (numerical), x1 (me'o) is the [decimal/binary] equivalent of fractional x2 (me'o) in | x3 (quantity) /:/ [conversion from fractions to decimal-point based notation] /=/ saclu @base (of metal, inexpensive), consider metaphor "(na'e)-costly-metal" (= nalkargyjinme) *base (of metal, tinny), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tin (Sn); [metaphor: | or base metal] /:/ /=/ tinci *base (paint), x1 [material] is a paint of pigment/active substance x2, in a | of x3 /:/ /=/ cinta *base (support), x1 is a pedestal/|/stand/pallet supporting x2 (object/event), of materials/properties x3 /:/ [pallet (= lafyzbe)] /=/ zbepi (zbe) *base (| of exponential), x1 is the exponential result of | x2 to power/exponent x3 /:/ /=/ tenfa (tef) *base (| of fork), x1 is a fork/fork-type tool/utensil for purpose x2 with tines/prongs x3 on |/support x4 /:/ /=/ forca (fro) *base (| of logarithm), x1 is the logarithm of x2 with | x3 /:/ /=/ dugri (dug) *base (| of table), x1 is a table/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/|/pedestal x3 /:/ /=/ jubme (jub jbu) &base elevation, cloud | x4 of dilnu *base elevation, x1 is a cloud/mass of clouds of material x2 in air mass x3 at floor/| x4 /:/ /=/ dilnu (dil) *base metal, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tin (Sn); [metaphor: cheap or |] /:/ /=/ tinci &base of table, x3 of jubme &base set, sequence | x3 of porsi &base, decimal | x3 of saclu &base, exponential | x2 of tenfa &base, logarithm | x3 of dugri &base, paint | x3 of cinta &based, x2 of jicmu *baseline (basis for being high), x3 of: x1 is high/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with |/standard height x3 /:/ [also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/|, or is that | itself] /=/ galtu (gal ga'u) *baseline (basis for being low), x3 of: x1 is low/down/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with |/standard height x3 /:/ [also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/|, or is that | itself] /=/ dizlo (diz dzi) *basic (of a base, foundation, or underlying principle), x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2 /:/ [x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is |/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)] /=/ jicmu (cmu) *basic (| subunit, indivisible), x1 is a cell/atom/unit/molecule of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most | subunit of x2 /:/ (x2 generally has mass nature) /=/ selci (sle) *basin, x1 is a pan/|/tub/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ [also bowl] /=/ tansi (tas) *basis (grounds for an opinion), x4 of: x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on | x4 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jinvi (jiv ji'i) *basis (underlying/fundamental principle), x1 is a |/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2 /:/ [x2 is founded on | x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)] /=/ jicmu (cmu) *basis for authority, x1 has authority/is an official in/on/over matter/sphere/persons x2 derived on | x3 /:/ /=/ catni (ca'i) &basis of invention, x4 of finti &basis, authority | x3 of catni &basis, thing having | x2 of jicmu &basket contents, x2 of lanka &basket material, x3 of lanka *basket, x1 is a | with contents x2, woven from material x3 /:/ /=/ lanka *bath, x1 (object/person) is immersed/submerged/bathes in liquid x2 /:/ [take a |/bathe (= jirsezlu'i)] /=/ jinru (jir) *bathe, x1 (object/person) is immersed/submerged/bathes in liquid x2 /:/ [take a bath/| (= jirsezlu'i)] /=/ jinru (jir) *bathes, x1 (object/person) is immersed/submerged/| in liquid x2 /:/ [take a bath/bathe (= jirsezlu'i)] /=/ jinru (jir) &bay, coast with | x2 of zbani *bay, x1 is a | in/of coast/shoreline x2 /:/ /=/ zbani *bazaar, x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, |, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) &be cut, x2 of katna &bead material, x2 of bidju *bead, x1 is a |/pebble [shape/form] of material x2 /:/ /=/ bidju &beaded, x2 of bidju *beam, x1 is energy of type x2 in form x3 /:/ [ray/| (= nenli'i)] /=/ nejni (nen) *bean (coffee), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/|/grain x2 /:/ [brew based on a seed/|/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum] /=/ ckafi (kaf) *bean (soya), x1 is a quantity of soya [grain/|] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ sobde (sob so'e) &bean, coffee | x2 of ckafi *bean, x1 is a |/pea/leguminous seed from plant [legume] x2 /:/ /=/ dembi (deb) &bear species, x2 of cribe &bear young, x2 of jbena *bear (carry), x1 carries/hauls/|-s/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter]/|-er /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) *bear (ursoid), x1 is a |/ursoid of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ cribe (rib) *bear (give birth to), x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 /:/ [x2 |-s/gives birth to x1] /=/ jbena (jbe) *bearing (load-| structure), x1 is a frame/structure/skeleton/outline supporting/load-|/determining the form of x2 /:/ /=/ greku (rek) *bears (carries), x1 carries/hauls/|/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) *bears (gives birth to), x2 of: x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 /:/ [x2 |/gives birth to x1] /=/ jbena (jbe) *bears (mothers), x1 is a mother of x2; x1 |/mothers/acts maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ mamta (mam) &bears fruit, x2 of grute *beast, x1 is a mammal/'animal'/| of species x2 /:/ /=/ mabru (mab) *beat (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 whips/lashes/snaps [a sudden violent motion] /:/ /=/ bikla (bik) *beat, x1 (sequence/non-text quote) is a rhythm/| of music/expressive form x2 /:/ [not necessarily oscillatory/regular pattern] /=/ rilti (ril) &beaten in competition, x3 of jinga *beater (| of a percussion instrument), x2 of: x1 is a drum/cymbal/gong [percussion musical instrument] with |/actuator x2 /:/ /=/ damri *beats, x1 hits/strikes/[|] x2 with instrument [or body-part] x3 at locus x4 /:/ /=/ darxi (dax da'i) &beau, x2 of prami &beautiful, find | x2 of melbi *beautiful, x1 is |/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4 /:/ [also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful] /=/ melbi (mel mle) &beauty property, x3 of melbi &beauty standard, x4 of melbi @because (| of abstraction), see "mukti" (motive), "jalge" (antecedent of result), "zukte" (purpose), "krinu" (justiciation), "rinka" (physical cause), "nibli" (entailment), "xlura" (lure/influence), "tcica" (deception) @because (| of person), see "zukte" (agent with purpose), "gasnu" (agent) *become (melt, | liquid), x1 melts [| liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [x1 runs (= rumfle)] /=/ runme (rum) *become (| attached), x2 or x3 of: x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches x2 to x3 with fastener x4 /:/ [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 | attached] /=/ lasna (la'a) *become (| filled [up]), x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 /:/ [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/| inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)] /=/ tisna (tis) *become (| inoperable), x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 /:/ [agentive break, cause to | inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)] /=/ spofu (pof po'u) *become (| whole/complete), x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has | whole in property x2 by standard x3 /:/ [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely] /=/ mulno (mul mu'o) @become, see words representing the final condition; initiative tense of these words, causal compounds (see "because" and "cause"), and "change" compounds all represent some sense of becoming *become(s), x1 |/changes/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [resultative, not-necessarily causal, change] /=/ binxo (bix bi'o) &becomes fixed, thing that | x2 of cikre &becoming, conditions of | x3 of binxo &bed material, x2 of ckana &bed, on | x3 of ckana *bed, x1 is a plate/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave food service |] made of material x2 /:/ /=/ palta *bed, x1 is a |/pallet of material x2 for holding/supporting x3 (person/object/event) /:/ /=/ ckana (cka) &bedewed, x2 of lunsa &bee species, x2 of bifce *bee, x1 is a |/wasp/hornet of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ bifce (bic) *beef, x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [|-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ bakni (bak) &been ruined, something that has | x2 of daspo &beer ingredients, x2 of birje *beer, x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of |/ale/brew brewed from x2 /:/ /=/ birje *beetle, x1 is an insect/arthropod of species x2; [bug/|] /:/ /=/ cinki *before (in front of: ashamed |), x1 feels ashamed/mortified/humiliated under conditions x2 | community/audience x3 /:/ /=/ ckeji (kej cke) *before (in front of: performs |), x1 performs x2 [performance] for/| audience x3 /:/ /=/ tigni (tig) *before (in time), x1 is in the past of/earlier than/| x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter /:/ [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts |, x1 starts | x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist |, i.e. x1 is over/ended | x2 starts (= fa'opru), x1 is completed | x2 starts (= mu'opru)] /=/ purci (pur pru) *before (physically), x2 of: x1 chases/pursues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2 /:/ [x1 follows | x2] /=/ jersi (je'i) *before (sequentially |), x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 |, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) *before (state paused | starting/resuming), x2 of: x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 | starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) /:/ [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4] /=/ denpa (dep de'a) &before growing, thing | x3 of banro &before, x2 of balvi &before, ashamed | x3 of ckeji @before, see also "after", which words often have a "before" component by implication &befriended, x2 of pendo *befriends, x1 is/acts as a friend of/to x2 (experiencer); x2 | x1 /:/ /=/ pendo (ped pe'o) *beg, x1 |-s/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci *begets (of a father), x1 is a father of x2; x1 |/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ patfu (paf pa'u) *begets (of a procreator), x1 engenders/procreates/| x2 with coparent x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) &begged for, x3 of pikci &begged, x2 of pikci *beginning, x1 (site/event) is a source/start/|/origin of x2 (object/event/process) /:/ [also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initial] /=/ krasi (kra) *begins (of an event), x1 [state/event/process] commences/initiates/starts/| to occur; (intransitive verb) /:/ /=/ cfari (cfa) *begs, x1 |/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci *behalf (acts on | of), x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 /:/ [also: on | of] /=/ krati (ka'i) *behave, x1 |-s/conducts oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is behavioral] /=/ tarti (tra) *behaves (as a father), x1 is a father of x2; x1 begets/sires/| paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ patfu (paf pa'u) *behaves (as a friend), x1 is/| as a friend of/to x2 (experiencer); x2 befriends x1 /:/ /=/ pendo (ped pe'o) *behaves (as a mother), x1 is a mother of x2; x1 bears/mothers/| maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ mamta (mam) *behaves (as a parent), x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/| parental toward child/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) *behaves socially, x1 interacts/| with x2; x1 socializes with/is sociable towards x2 /:/ /=/ jikca (jik) *behaves, x1 |/conducts oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is behavioral] /=/ tarti (tra) *behavior (audacious |), x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in | x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka) /:/ [x1 is bold] /=/ darsi *behavior (ethical rules of |), x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (individual/mass) about situation x3 /:/ [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of |; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)] /=/ marde (mad) *behavior (kind |), x3 of: x1 (person) is kind to x2 in actions/| x3 /:/ /=/ xendo (xed xe'o) *behavior (| earning reward/payment), x3 of: x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity) /:/ [also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 |; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna &behavior conditions, x3 of tarti &behavior, x2 of tarti &behavior, audacious | x2 of darsi &behavior, kind | x3 of xendo *behavioral, x1 behaves/conducts oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ tarti (tra) *behind (buttocks), x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] /:/ [also ass, |, butt] /=/ zargu (zag za'u) *behind (something left |), x2 of: x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 /:/ [also: x1 leaves |/takes leave of x2] /=/ cliva (liv li'a) *behind (to/in the rear of), x1 is posterior/|/back/to the rear of/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)] /=/ trixe (rix ti'e) &behind, x2 of crane &behind, x2 of lidne &behind, frame for | x3 of trixe &behind, left | x2 of cliva &behind, thing having | x2 of trixe *behold, x1 observes/[notices]/watches/|-s x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [|/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)] /=/ zgana (zga) *beholds (observes, not necessarily visually), x1 observes/[notices]/watches/| x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [behold/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)] /=/ zgana (zga) @beholds, see also "sees", "observes", "views" *being (human |), x1 is a human/human |/man (non-specific gender-free sense); (adjective:) x1 is human /:/ /=/ remna (rem re'a) *being (spiritual |), x1 is spiritual/pertains to the soul in nature [either energy or |]; x1 is ghostly/ethereal /:/ [also soul (= ruxse'i)] /=/ pruxi (rux ru'i) *being, x1 is a person/people/| (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a persona /:/ /=/ prenu (pre) &belegged, x2 of tuple *belief (misled |), x3 of: x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a | on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided | (= tickri); lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) *belief (something believed), x2 of: x1 believes [without objective/external evidence/proof] that |/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3 /:/ [also gives credence, has conviction] /=/ krici (kri) *belief (suggest a |), x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest |/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)] /=/ simlu (mlu) &belief subject, x3 of krici &belief, x2 of krici &belief, religious | x3 of lijda *beliefs (within a religion), x3 of: x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common |/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional |, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 are tenets/|/rituals/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) *believe (| without objective evidence), x1 |-s [without objective/external evidence/proof] that belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3 /:/ [also gives credence, has conviction] /=/ krici (kri) *believers (in a religion), x2 of: x1 is a religion of | including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) *believe (| in religious tenets), x2 of: x1 is a religion of | including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) *believes, x1 | [without objective/external evidence/proof] that belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3 /:/ [also gives credence, has conviction] /=/ krici (kri) &bell sound, x2 of janbe *bell, x1 is a |/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2 /:/ [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a |); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)] /=/ janbe (jab) &belli, causus | x3 of jamna &bellied, x2 of betfu *bellows (respiratory apparatus), x1 is a/the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory apparatus/|] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary] /=/ fepri *belly, x1 is a/the abdomen/|/lower trunk [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection] /:/ [also stomach (= djaruntyrango), digestive tract (= befctirango, befctirangyci'e)] /=/ betfu (bef be'u) *belonging to (of territory), x1 is territory/domain/space of/|/controlled by x2 /:/ /=/ tutra (tut) @belonging, see also "possess"/"possession" @belongs, see also "group", "part", "fits" *belongs, x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 | to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group x2 /:/ [x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership] /=/ cmima (mim cmi) &beloved, x2 of prami *beloved, x2 of: x1 loves/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state) /:/ [also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one sense), x2 is | by x1 (= selprami for reordered places)] /=/ prami (pam pa'i) &below, x2 of gapru @below, see also "above" *below, x1 is directly/vertically beneath/|/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of reference x3 /:/ [also underside, nether] /=/ cnita (nit ni'a) *belt, x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/|/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) *belt, x1 is a collar/ring/|/band around/surrounding x2 made of material x3 /:/ [also sphincter] /=/ karli *belt, x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, outside diameter x4 /:/ [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, |, encircle (= jinsru)] /=/ djine (jin) &belted, x2 of karli *bench, x1 is a chair/stool/seat/|, a piece or portion of a piece of furniture intended for sitting /:/ /=/ stizu (tiz) *bend (crease), x3 of: x1 (force) folds/creases x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/|(s) x3 /:/ [for agentive folding (= plogau, plozu'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds] /=/ polje (plo) *bend (curve), x1 is a curve/turn/| in x2, at locus x3, and defined by set of points/properties x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is curved; (x4 as a set of points is sufficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of the |)] /=/ kruvi (ruv kru) *bend (sharp |, metaphorical), x1 is a/the knee/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3 /:/ [metaphor: a sharp |/curve] /=/ cidni (cid) *bends over, x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/| over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) *bends, x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/| over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) *beneath (directly below), x1 is directly/vertically |/below/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of reference x3 /:/ [also underside, nether] /=/ cnita (nit ni'a) @beneath (relatively lower), see "low", "lower", "down" &beneath, reference for | x3 of cnita *benefactor (someone begged for favor), x2 of: x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 |, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci &beneficent, x3 of prali *beneficial, x1 (object/event) is good/|/nice/[acceptable] for x2 by standard x3 /:/ [acceptable (= mlixau, norxau, xagyselcru)] /=/ xamgu (xag xau) *beneficiary (| of gift), x2 of: x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/| x3 [without payment/exchange] /:/ [also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdu'a, po'erseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dunda (dud du'a) *beneficiary (| of goodness), x1 (object/event) is good/beneficial/nice/[acceptable] for | x2 by standard x3 /:/ [acceptable (= mlixau, norxau, xagyselcru)] /=/ xamgu (xag xau) *beneficiary (| of promise), x2 of: x1 (agent) promises/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [|/victim] /:/ /=/ nupre (nup nu'e) &beneficiary, x2 of xamgu &beneficiary, x3 of dunda *benefit (insurance |), x4 of: x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril/loss x3 (event) providing |(s) x4 (event) /:/ [sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)] /=/ binra *benefit (profit/advantage), x1 is a profit/gain/|/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 /:/ [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ prali (pal) &benefit, insured | x4 of binra &benefit, ticket | x3 of pikta &benefits from, x2 of prali &Bengali aspect, x2 of bengo *Bengali, x1 reflects |/Bangladesh culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ bengo (beg) *bent, (adjective:) x1 is |/crooked/not straight or direct/[twisted]/folded /:/ /=/ korcu (kro) &bequeath, x3 of cerda &berry species, x2 of jbari *berry, x1 is a | (fruit/plant) of plant/species x2 /:/ /=/ jbari (jba) *beseeches, x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/|/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci *beside, x1 is adjacent/|/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 /:/ [also touching, contiguous, against] /=/ lamji (lam la'i) &bespoused, x2 of speni @best, see "good", "superlative" *between (accessway |), x1 is a doorway/gateway/access way | x2 and x3 of structure x4 /:/ [note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)] /=/ vorme (vor vro) *between (amidst), x1 is |/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/limits/range for x1] /=/ jbini (bin bi'i) *between (bridge |), x1 is a bridge/span over/across x2 | x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination first] /:/ /=/ cripu (rip) *between (difference |), x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [also other-than (less common meaning); x3 is a difference | x1 and x2] /=/ frica (fic) *between (friction |), x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing | x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 /:/ [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)] /=/ mosra (mos) *between (inserted |), x2 of: x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits/pours/inflates/stuffs/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/| members of x3 /:/ [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) *between (inserts |), x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits/pours/inflates/stuffs/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/| members of x3 /:/ [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) *between (interval |), x1 is straight/direct/line segment/interval | x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is linear /:/ /=/ sirji (sir) *between (knot |/involving), x1 is a knot/tangle in/| x2 (object/jo'u-objects) /:/ [knot (verb = jgegau, jgezu'e, jgeri'a, jgela'a), knot: fastening | two or more cords (= jgeterjo'e)] /=/ jgena (jge) *between (only difference |), x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 /:/ [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference | x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra *between (sandwiched |), x2 of: x1 is a sandwich/layering [not restricted to food] of x2 sandwiched | x3 /:/ /=/ snuji (nuj) *between (straight/directly |), x1 is straight/direct/line segment/interval | x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is linear /:/ /=/ sirji (sir) &between, x3 of sepli &between, have in | x2 of jbini @between, see also "middle", "center", "neutral", "in", "within" &betweenness property, x3 of jbini *beverage (carbonated |), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of a carbonated | of flavor/brand x2 /:/ [also: soft drink (though this English phrase sometimes includes tea and coffee as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are "hard drinks")] /=/ sodva (sod) *beverage (something drunk), x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes |/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of container/source x3 /:/ /=/ pinxe (pix) &beverage, x2 of pinxe *beyond (across/| , x1 is located across/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 /:/ [also: x1 is over there (across/| zo'e); directly across/| a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the boundary] /=/ ragve (rav) *beyond (exceeds | limit), x1 exceeds/is | limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) /:/ [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space] /=/ bancu (bac) &beyond which, bound | x2 of bancu &beyond, x3 of ragve &beyond, reference for | x3 of bancu &beyondness property, x4 of bancu *Bible, x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Muslim culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jegvo (jeg je'o) *biblical, x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Muslim culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jegvo (jeg je'o) &big picture, x2 of tcila *big toe, x1 is a/the thumb/| [body-part] on limb x2 of x3; [metaphor based on relative shape] /:/ [thumb (specifically the hand = xantamji), | (= jmatamji)] /=/ tamji (taj) *big, x1 is |/large in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3 /:/ /=/ barda (bra) *bigger (gets |), x1 grows/expands [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3 /:/ [also rising, developing; x1 gets |/enlarges/increases] /=/ banro (ba'o) @bigger, see also "increase" &bigness dimension, x2 of barda &bigness standard, x3 of barda &bill, present | x4 of janta *bill, x1 is an account/|/invoice for goods/services x2, billed to x3 by x4 /:/ /=/ janta (jat) *billed (recipient of a bill), x3 of: x1 is an account/bill/invoice for goods/services x2, | to x3 by x4 /:/ /=/ janta (jat) &billed for, x2 of janta *billed goods, x2 of: x1 is an account/bill/invoice for |/services x2, billed to x3 by x4 /:/ /=/ janta (jat) &billed, x3 of janta *billion, x1 is a | [British milliard] [1x10**9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ gigdo (gig gi'o) *billionth, x1 is a |/thousand-millionth [1x10**-9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ nanvi (nav) *billy-goat, x1 is a goat/angora/[|/kid] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ kanba *binary (| equivalent of fraction), x1 (me'o) is the [decimal/|] equivalent of fractional x2 (me'o) in base x3 (quantity) /:/ [conversion from fractions to decimal-point based notation] /=/ saclu *binary metaphor, x1 is a | formed with x2 modifying x3, giving meaning x4 in language x5 /:/ (x2 and x3 are both text or both si'o concept) /=/ tanru (tau) *binding (restraint), x2 of: x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a restraint/| for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) *binds, x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches/[lashes]/| x2 to x3 with fastener x4 /:/ [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached] /=/ lasna (la'a) *biological (| child of mother), x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 /:/ [x2 bears/gives birth to x1; x1 is a | child of moter x2] /=/ jbena (jbe) *biological (| offspring), x1 is a [|] offspring/child/kid/hybrid of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is filial /:/ /=/ panzi (paz) *biological (| offspring), x2 of: x1 engenders/procreates/begets | offspring x2 with coparent x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) @biological see also "alive", "plant", "animal", "virus", "germ", "gene", "sugar", "protein", "organic" *biologically animate, x1 is an animal/creature of species x2; x1 is | animate /:/ /=/ danlu (dal da'u) &bird species, x2 of cipni *bird (chicken/small fowl), x1 is a chicken/[hen/cock/rooster]/small fowl [a type of |] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jipci *bird (turkey), x1 is a turkey [food/|] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ xruki (xuk) *bird (avian), x1 is a |/avian/fowl of species x2 /:/ /=/ cipni (cpi) *bird, egg of a |, x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 /:/ [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a | (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi] /=/ sovda (sov so'a) %birth (event), x1 is a nativity/|/|-day, an event of x2 being born to x3 at time x4 [birthday] and place x5 [birthplace] /:/ /=/ nunjbe *birth (of being born), x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 /:/ [x2 bears/gives | to x1] /=/ jbena (jbe) *birth (of womb/uterus), x1 is a/the womb/uterus [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: nourishing, protective, giving |] /:/ /=/ gutra &birth time, x3 of jbena %birthday (date of birth), x1 is a nativity/birth, an event of x2 being born to x3 at time x4 [|/natal day] and place x5 [birthplace] /:/ /=/ nunjbe *birthday (date of birth), x3 of: x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [|] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 /:/ [x2 bears/gives birth to x1] /=/ jbena (jbe) %birthday (event), x1 is a nativity/birth/|, an event of x2 being born to x3 at time x4 [birthday] and place x5 [birthplace] /:/ x1 is natal (pertaining to birthdays) /=/ nunjbe &birthday, x3 of jbena *birthfather, x1 engenders/|-s/begets x2 with coparent x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) &birthmother, x2 of tarbi *birthmother, x1 engenders/|-s/begets x2 with coparent x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) *birthparent, x1 engenders/|-s/begets x2 with coparent x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) &birthparent, x2 of jbena &birthplace, x4 of jbena %birthplace, x1 is a nativity/birth, an event of x2 being born to x3 at time x4 [birthday] and place x5 [|] /:/ /=/ nunjbe *birthplace, x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [|]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 /:/ [x2 bears/gives birth to x1] /=/ jbena (jbe) *bitch, x1 is a dog/canine/[|] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ gerku (ger ge'u) &bite locus, x3 of batci *bite(s), x1 |/pinches x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4 /:/ [| through (= batka'a, batygre); pinch (= cinzybatci)] /=/ batci (bat) *biter, x1 bites/pinches/is a | of x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4 /:/ [bite through (= batka'a, batygre); pinch (= cinzybatci)] /=/ batci (bat) &biting tool, x4 of batci &bitten thing, x2 of batci &bitter, find | x2 of kurki *bitter, x1 is |/acrid/sharply disagreeable to observer/sense x2 /:/ /=/ kurki *bituminous, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of coal/peat/anthracite/| from source x2 /:/ /=/ kolme (kol ko'e) *bizarre, x1 is strange/weird/deviant/|/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [also alien, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic] /=/ cizra (ciz) *black, x1 is |/extremely dark-colored [color adjective] /:/ /=/ xekri (xek xe'i) *blade (cutting through), x1 (tool/|/force) cuts [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3 /:/ [for x1 force, it is a force acting as a |, not acting upon a |; agentive cutting (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)] /=/ katna (ka'a) *blade (knife |), x3 of: x1 is a knife (tool) for cutting x2, with | of material x3 /:/ /=/ dakfu (dak) *blade (scraping |), x1 |/scraper/erosive scrapes/erodes/abrades x2 from x3 /:/ [abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska)] /=/ guska (guk) *blade (| of grass), x1 is a |/expanse of grass of species x2 /:/ [lawn/meadow (= sasfoi)] /=/ srasu (sas) *blade (| of tool/weapon), x1 is a | of tool/weapon x2 /:/ /=/ balre (ba'e) &blade, object with | x2 of balre @blade, see also "dig", "scratch", "cut", "weapon", "knife", "tool" @bladed (cutting implement) see also "knife" *bladed (digging implement), x1 is a shovel/spade [| digging implement] for digging x2 /:/ /=/ canpa (cna) &bladed, x2 of balre *blanket, x1 is a sheet/foil/| [2-dimensional shape/form flexible in 3 dimensions] of material x2 /:/ /=/ boxfo (bof bo'o) *blend, x1 (mass) is a mixture/|/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)] /=/ mixre (mix xre) *blends into, x2 of: x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 mingles/mixes/| into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)] /=/ mixre (mix xre) &bless, x1 of dapma &blessed, x2 of dimna &blessing, x3 of ckire *blinds, x1 is a curtain/|/drapes for covering/obscuring aperture x2, and made of material x3 /:/ /=/ murta (mur mu'a) *bloated (excessively plump), x1 is plump/fat/obese [excessively thick/bulbous/|] by standard x2 /:/ /=/ plana &block material, x2 of bliku &block surface, x3 of bliku &block, face of a | x3 of bliku *block, x1 is a tile/cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4 /:/ [a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city |' is conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional |, li'irclupa - a loop composed of lines)] /=/ tapla *block, x1 is a | [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 /:/ [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli) /=/ bliku (bli) *blocks, x1 (event/state) interferes with/hinders/disrupts x2 (event/state/process) due to quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also |, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation] /=/ zunti (zun zu'i) &blood, thing having | x2 of ciblu *blood, x1 is |/vital fluid of organism x2 /:/ /=/ ciblu (blu) *blood-sucking, x1 is a louse/flea [| arthropod] of species/breed x2, parasitic on x3 /:/ /=/ civla (civ) *bloody, x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in form x1 /:/ [| (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn] /=/ mabla (mal) *bloom, x1 is a/the flower/blossom/| [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is floral /:/ /=/ xrula (rul) *blossom, x1 is a/the flower/|/bloom [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is floral /:/ /=/ xrula (rul) *blouse, x1 (object) is loose/|-d/not tight on x2 (object) at locus x3 /:/ /=/ kluza (luz) %blouse, x1 is a loose, baggy, |-d shirt /=/ luzycreka *blouse, x1 is a shirt/|/top [upper-body garment - not necessarily sleeved or buttoned], material x2 /:/ /=/ creka (cek) %blouse, x1 is a woman's shirt/| /=/ nimcreka *bloused, x1 (object) is loose/|/not tight on x2 (object) at locus x3 /:/ /=/ kluza (luz) *blow, x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 /:/ [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/| up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)] /=/ tisna (tis) *blows (of moving air), x1 is a breeze/wind/gale from direction x2 with speed x3; x1 | from x2 /:/ /=/ brife (bif bi'e) *blows up (fills), x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/| with material x2; x2 pours into x1 /:/ [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)] /=/ tisna (tis) @blue, see also "sad", "depressed" (| as a metaphor for sadness is not culturally neutral) *blue, x1 is cyan/turquoise/greenish-| [color adjective] /:/ /=/ cicna *blue, x1 is | [color adjective] /:/ /=/ blanu (bla) *boar, x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[|] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2 /:/ [sow (= fetxarju), | (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)] /=/ xarju (xaj) *board (plank), x1 is a |/plank [3-dimensional long flat rectangle] of material x2 /:/ /=/ tanbo (ta'o) &board material, x2 of tanbo *board of directors, x1 (mass) is a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3 /:/ [| (= trukamni, gritrukamni)] /=/ kamni *board of trustees, x1 (mass) is a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3 /:/ [| (= trukamni, gritrukamni)] /=/ kamni &boat, propel a | x3 of bloti &boat, propeller of | x3 of bloti &boat, thing carried by | x2 of bloti *boat, x1 is a |/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ bloti (lot blo lo'i) &body sweating, x2 of xasne &body, celestial | x2 of kensa &body, screw | x4 of klupe &body, thing having | x2 of xadni *body, x1 is a/the |/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal /:/ /=/ xadni (xad) *bogeyman, x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, |] /=/ crida (rid) *boil, x1 |-s/evaporates at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [roil (= febjicla)] /=/ febvi (feb) &boiling point pressure, x3 of febvi &boiling point, x2 of febvi *boils, x1 |/evaporates at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [roil (= febjicla)] /=/ febvi (feb) *bold, x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka) /:/ [x1 is |] /=/ darsi *bolt, x1 is a screw [fastener] for purpose x2, threads [pitch, material] x3, frame [size, material] x4 /:/ [also |] /=/ klupe (lup lu'e) &bomb explosive, x2 of jbama *bomb, x1 is a |/explosive device with explosive material/principle x2 /:/ /=/ jbama (bam) *bond (ancestral), x1 is an elder/ancestor of x2 by |/tie/degree x3; x1's generation precedes x2's parents /:/ /=/ dzena (dze) *bond (avuncular), x1 is an aunt/uncle of x2 by |/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's parent's generation /:/ /=/ famti *bond (cousins), x1 is cousin to x2 by |/tie x3; [non-immediate family member, default same generation] /:/ [probably preferred for metaphorical siblings (over bruna)] /=/ tamne *bond (fraternal), x1 is brother of/fraternal to x2 by |/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ bruna (bun bu'a) *bond (investment), x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) /:/ [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; | (= jertervle)] /=/ zivle (ziv vle) *bond (sibling), x1 is a sibling of x2 by |/tie/standard/parent(s) x3 /:/ /=/ tunba (tub) *bond (sororal), x1 is a sister of/sororal to x2 by |/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ mensi (mes me'i) &bond, ancestral | x3 of dzena &bond, avuncular | x3 of famti &bond, brotherly | x3 of bruna &bond, cousin | x3 of tamne &bond, sibling | x3 of tunba &bond, sisterly | x3 of mensi *bonded, x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 |/tied/joined according to standard x3 /:/ [also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places), relative of (= lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)] /=/ lanzu (laz) &bone function, x2 of bongu &bone, thing having | x3 of bongu *bone, x1 is a/the |/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium] /:/ [x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le ); cartilage/gristle (= ranbo'u), skeleton (= bo'urgreku)] /=/ bongu (bog bo'u) *bones, x1 is a/the bone/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium] /:/ [x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum |; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le ); cartilage/gristle (= ranbo'u), skeleton (= bo'urgreku)] /=/ bongu (bog bo'u) &bony, x3 of bongu *boob, x1 is foolish/silly in event/action/property [folly] (ka) x2; x1 is a | /:/ /=/ bebna (beb) *book (container of a copy of a work, possibly multiple volumes), x1 is a | containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) *book (physical object, volume, containing pages), x1 is a [physical] page/leaf of |/document/bound mass of pages x2 /:/ [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)] /=/ papri *book (work of authorship that may be found within a book), e.g. "Have you read the latest book by Smith?"; x2 of: x1 is a | containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) %book (work of authorship that may be found within a book), x1 is a |/work of authorship contained within copy/| x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ /:/ /=/ selcku &book medium, x5 of cukta &book, x2 of papri &book, author of a | x3 of cukta &book, read | x4 of cukta &book, subject of | x2 of cukta &book, text of | x2 of cukta &book, theme of | x2 of cukta &book, write | x3 of cukta &boon, x3 of ckire *boon, x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 |, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci *boot, x1 is a shoe/|/sandal for covering/protecting [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3 /:/ [also | (= tupcutci)] /=/ cutci (cuc) *border (boundary), x1 is an edge/margin/|/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3 /:/ /=/ korbi (kor koi) *border (limit), x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/|/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 /:/ [restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)] /=/ jimte (jit) *border (separating x1 and x2), x3 of: x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/|/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) *border, x1 is an edge/margin/|/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/|-ing-on x3 /:/ /=/ korbi (kor koi) *bordering, x1/x3 of: x1 is an edge/margin/border/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/|-on x3 /:/ /=/ korbi (kor koi) %born (event), x1 is a nativity/birth, an event of x2 being | to x3 at time x4 [birthday] and place x5 [birthplace] /:/ /=/ nunjbe *born, x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-|/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles] /=/ nobli (nol no'i) *born, x1 is | to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 /:/ [x2 bears/gives birth to x1] /=/ jbena (jbe) &borne, x2 of renvi *borrow, x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 /:/ [credit (= jernu'e); |/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)] /=/ jbera (jer) &borrowed, x2 of jbera *borrows, x1 (agent) |/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 /:/ [credit (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)] /=/ jbera (jer) &boss, x3 of vipsi *boss, x1 is captain/commander/|/leader/in-charge of vehicle/domain x2 /:/ /=/ jatna (ja'a) *both directions, x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [passing through in | (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) *both, x1 is a logical conjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and x3 (du'u) are | true /:/ /=/ kanxe (kax) &bothered, x2 of fanza *bothers, x1 (event) annoys/irritates/|/distracts x2 /:/ [also: is disruptive to] /=/ fanza (faz) &bottle, contents of | x2 of botpi &bottle, material of | x3 of botpi &bottle, stopper of | x4 of botpi *bottle, x1 is a |/jar/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4 /:/ /=/ botpi (bot bo'i) &bottled, x2 of botpi *bottom (at the | of), x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the | of x2 /:/ [x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/|-s for objects)] /=/ jicmu (cmu) *bottom (floor), x1 is a floor/|/ground of x2 /:/ [floor/level/story of a building/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)] /=/ loldi (lol loi) *bough, x1 is a branch/|/limb of x2; x2 forks into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka] /:/ [also appendage] /=/ jimca (jic) &bounce, x2 of minra *bounced, x4 of: x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a | object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) *bounces, x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 | on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) *bound (limit), x1 is a limit/extreme/|/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 /:/ [restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)] /=/ jimte (jit) *bound (of a book/document), x1 is a [physical] page/leaf of book/document/| mass of pages x2 /:/ [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)] /=/ papri *bound (something exceeded), x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) /:/ [on the other side of a |, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space] /=/ bancu (bac) *bound (| to, obliged), x1 is |/obliged to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by standard/agreement x3; x1 must do x2 /:/ [also x3 frame of reference] /=/ bilga (big) &bound beyond which, x2 of bancu &bound pages, x2 of papri @bound, see also "captive" *boundary (separating x1 and x2), x3 of: x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/|/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) *boundary (| between x2 and x3), x1 is an edge/margin/border/curb/| of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3 /:/ /=/ korbi (kor koi) *boundary (| exceeded), x2 of: x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/| x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) /:/ [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space] /=/ bancu (bac) *boundary (| located across), x1 is located across/on the other side of gap/| x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 /:/ [also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo'e); directly across/beyond a |/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the |] /=/ ragve (rav) &boundary, x2 of ragve &boundary, room | x3 of kumfa @bounded (having limits), see "edge", "border", "limit" *bounded (of a surface), x1 is surface/face [| shape/form] of [higher-dimension] object x2, on side x3, edges x4 /:/ [also x4 bounds] /=/ sefta (sfe) &bounded, x2 of jimte *bounds (inside |), x2 of: x1 is in/inside/within x2; x1 is on the inside/interior of x2 [totally within the | of x2] /:/ [indicates total containment] /=/ nenri (ner ne'i) *bounds (leaps), x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/| to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 /:/ [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression] /=/ plipe (pip pi'e) *bounds (| of surface), x4 of: x1 is surface/face [bounded shape/form] of [higher-dimension] object x2, on side x3, edges x4 /:/ [also x4 |] /=/ sefta (sfe) *bounds, (between |), x2 of: x1 is between/among set of points/|/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the |/limits/range for x1] /=/ jbini (bin bi'i) &bounds, surface | x4 of sefta &bovine species/breed, x2 of bakni *bovine, x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/|] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ bakni (bak) &bow, x2 of jgita *bow, x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/| x2 /:/ [also lute, viola, cello] /=/ jgita (git) *bowl, x1 is a cup/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[|] containing contents x2, and of material x3 /:/ [a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not] /=/ kabri *bowl, x1 is a pan/basin/tub/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ [also |]; (cf. baktu, palne, palta, patxu, kabri for a | that is normally lifted for use, botpi) /=/ tansi (tas) *bows, x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 |/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) &box contents, x2 of tanxe &box material, x3 of tanxe *box, x1 is a |/carton/trunk/crate for contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ /=/ tanxe (tax ta'e) &boxed, x2 of tanxe &boy's age, x2 of nanla *boy, x1 is a |/lad [young male person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)] /=/ nanla &boyhood standard, x3 of nanla &brain, thing having | x2 of besna *brain, x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: intelligence, mental control] /:/ [also cerebral] /=/ besna (ben) &brained, x2 of besna *brake (agentive verb), x1 (agent) |-s/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3 /:/ /=/ jabre *brake (device causing slowing), x3 of: x1 (agent) |-s/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3 /:/ /=/ jabre *brake, x1 (agent) |-s/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3 /:/ /=/ jabre &braked, x2 of jabre *brakes (noun, device to slow or stop a motion), x3 of: x1 (agent) brakes/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with |/device/mechanism/principle x3 /:/ /=/ jabre *brakes (verb), x1 (agent) |/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3 /:/ /=/ jabre &braking device, x3 of jabre *branch (arm), x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: | with strength] /:/ [also elbow (= bircidni), wrist (= xanterjo'e), appendage (but jimca, rebla preferred)] /=/ birka (bir) *branch (bough/limb), x1 is a |/bough/limb of x2; x2 forks into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka] /:/ [also appendage] /=/ jimca (jic) *branch (leg), x1 is a/the leg [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting |] /:/ /=/ tuple (tup tu'e) &branch of an office, x3 of briju &branch, thing having | x2 of jimca &branched, x2 of jimca *branches, x1 is a branch/bough/limb of x2; x2 forks into | x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka] /:/ [also appendage] /=/ jimca (jic) @brand name (trademark), consider metaphor "maker-symbol" (= zbasni) *brand name (| of soda), x2 of: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of a carbonated beverage of flavor/| x2 /:/ [also: soft drink (though this English phrase sometimes includes tea and coffee as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are "hard drinks")] /=/ sodva (sod) &brass composition, x2 of lastu *brass, x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/bugle [|-wind/lip-reed musical instrument] /:/ /=/ tabra *brass, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | [copper/zinc alloy] of composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is brazen)] /=/ lastu *brass-wind, x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/bugle [|/lip-reed musical instrument] /:/ /=/ tabra &brave activity, x2 of virnu &brave standard, x3 of virnu *brave, x1 is |/valiant/courageous in activity x2 (event) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ virnu (vri) &braved, x2 of virnu *brazen (made of brass), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of brass [copper/zinc alloy] of composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |)] /=/ lastu &Brazilian aspect, x2 of brazo *Brazilian, x1 reflects | culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ brazo (raz) &bread, grain in | x2 of nanba *bread, x1 is a quantity of/contains | [leavened or unleavened] made from grains x2 /:/ /=/ nanba (nab) &breadth dimension, x2 of ganra &breadth standard, x3 of ganra *break (cause to become inoperative), x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 /:/ [agentive |, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally |, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)] /=/ spofu (pof po'u) *break, x1 |-s/fractures/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2 /:/ /=/ porpi (pop po'i) *breaks (bursts), x1 bursts/explodes/violently | up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments x2 /:/ /=/ spoja (poj po'a) *breaks (fractures), x1 |/fractures/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2 /:/ /=/ porpi (pop po'i) *breast (chest), x1 is a/the chest/thorax/upper trunk/[rib cage/|] [body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ cutne (cut) *breast (mammary), x1 is a/the |/mammary/teat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: projection providing liquid] /:/ [nipple (= tatyji'o)] /=/ tatru (tat) &breast, thing having | x2 of tatru *breathe, x1 |-s/respires x2 [gas] /:/ /=/ vasxu (vax va'u) &breathed, x2 of vasxu *breathes, x1 |/respires x2 [gas] /:/ /=/ vasxu (vax va'u) *breathing (| apparatus), x1 is a/the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: |/respiratory apparatus/bellows] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary] /=/ fepri *breeze, x1 is a |/wind/gale from direction x2 with speed x3; x1 blows from x2 /:/ /=/ brife (bif bi'e) *Breton, x1 reflects Gaelic/Scottish culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ [Irish (= sicko'o), Scottish (= sunko'o), Celtic (= dzeko'o), Welsh (= nanko'o), | (= fasko'o); since Scottish/Gaelic is only the northern branch of the Celtic tribes, many would prefer a le'avla for Celtic; nationalism might also demand a separate le'avla for |] /=/ skoto (kot ko'o) *brew, x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of beer/ale/| brewed from x2 /:/ /=/ birje *brew, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2 /:/ [| based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum] /=/ ckafi (kaf) *brewed (from coffee or other beans/seeds), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee | from source/bean/| x2 /:/ [brew based on a seed/bean/|; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum] /=/ ckafi (kaf) *brewed (from tea or other leaves), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of tea | from leaves x2 /:/ /=/ tcati *brewed (of beer, by fermentation), x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of beer/ale/brew | from x2 /:/ /=/ birje *brick, x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 /:/ [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), | (= kitybli) /=/ bliku (bli) &bridge, 1st side of | x3 of cripu &bridge, 2nd side of | x4 of cripu *bridge, x1 is a |/span over/across x2 between x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination first] /:/ /=/ cripu (rip) &bridged over, x2 of cripu *bright, x1 is intense/|/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)] /=/ carmi (cam cai) *brilliant, x1 is intense/bright/saturated/| in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)] /=/ carmi (cam cai) *brimstone, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sulfur/| (S); [metaphor: foul odor, volcanic] /:/ /=/ sliri *bring about (of motivated action), x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volition of x3 /:/ [also; x3 is motivated to | result/goal/objective x2 by x1 (= termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditions' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or within the x2 action level)] /=/ mukti (muk mu'i) *bring about (of powers), x1 has the power to | x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3 /:/ [also potent, has control/mastery] /=/ vlipa (vli) *bring about (of someone commanded), x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur /:/ [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/| x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) *bring about (of someone trusted), x1 relies/depends/counts on/trusts x2 to |/ensure/maintain x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ lacri (lac) @bring about, see also "cause", "able", "does" *brings about, x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 does/| about x2 /:/ /=/ gasnu (gau) &bristles of brush, x3 of burcu *bristles, x3 of: x1 is a brush for purpose x2 (event) with | x3 /:/ /=/ burcu (bru) *British (pertaining to the United Kingdom/Great Britain), x1 reflects |/United Kingdom culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ brito (rit) *British (pertaining to | English), x1 is English/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect x2 /:/ [generally assume broadest sense of 'English'; may refer to 'English', pertaining to the country/people/culture of England (normally requiring constraint = gligu'e, or simply redundancy = gligli-); | English, the norm language of the UK (= gliglibau)]; (cf. brito which refers to the United Kingdom as a whole or to the | empire) /=/ glico (gic gli) &British aspect, x2 of brito *broad (of a field), x1 is a field [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a | uniform expanse of x2 /:/ [also woods (= ricfoi), lawn/meadow (= sasfoi), brush (= spafoi, cicyspafoi)] /=/ foldi (flo foi) *broad (wide), x1 is |/wide in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3 /:/ /=/ ganra (gan) &broadcast, radio | x2 of cradi *broadcaster, x1 [|] televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 /:/ [x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) *broadcaster, x1 [|] transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4 /:/ /=/ cradi *broadcasts, x1 |/televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 /:/ [x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) *broadcasts, x1 |/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4 /:/ /=/ cradi *broken down, x1 is |/inoperable/broken/non-utile/not usable for function x2 /:/ [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)] /=/ spofu (pof po'u) &broken piece, x2 of porpi *broken, x1 is |/inoperable/| down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 /:/ [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)] /=/ spofu (pof po'u) *bromine, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of halogen of type x2 [chlorine, fluorine, iodine, etc.] /:/ [also |; default chlorine] /=/ kliru &bronze composition, x2 of ransu *bronze, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | of composition including x2 /:/ /=/ ransu &brother, thing having | x2 of bruna *brother, x1 is | of/fraternal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ bruna (bun bu'a) &brotherly bond, x3 of bruna &brow, thing having | x2 of mebri *brow, x1 is a/the |/forehead [projecting flat/smooth head/body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ mebri (meb) *brown, x1 is |/tan [color adjective] /:/ /=/ bunre (bur bu'e) *brownie, x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/|/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) *brush (bristled object), x1 is a | for purpose x2 (event) with bristles x3 /:/ /=/ burcu (bru) *brush (field of bushes), x1 is a field [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad uniform expanse of x2 /:/ [also woods (= ricfoi), lawn/meadow (= sasfoi), | (= spafoi, cicyspafoi)] /=/ foldi (flo foi) *brush (writing |), x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 /:/ [also writing |; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)] /=/ pinsi (pis) &brush purpose, x2 of burcu &brush, bristles of | x3 of burcu @brushes (lightly strokes), see also "strokes" *brushes (rubs causing friction), x2 of: x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 /:/ [also x2 scrubs/wipes/| (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)] /=/ mosra (mos) &bubble, x1 of dirgo &bubble, material in foam | x3 of fonmo *bubbles, x1 or x3 of: x1 is a quantity of foam/froth/suds of material x2, with |/vacuoles of material x3 /:/ /=/ fonmo (fom fo'o) *buck, x1 is a male/| of species x2 evidencing masculine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is masculine /:/ /=/ nakni (nak) &bucket contents, x2 of baktu &bucket material, x3 of baktu *bucket, x1 is a |/pail/can/deep, solid, wide-topped container of contents x2, made of material x3 /:/ /=/ baktu &buckwheat species, x2 of xruba *buckwheat, x1 is a quantity of |/rhubarb/sorrel grass of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ xruba (xub) &Buddhist aspect, x2 of budjo *Buddhist, x1 pertains to the | culture/religion/ethos in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ budjo (buj bu'o) *bug, x1 is an insect/arthropod of species x2; [|/beetle] /:/ /=/ cinki *bugbear, x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), |, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) *bugle, x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/| [brass-wind/lip-reed musical instrument] /:/ /=/ tabra *building (edifice), x1 is a |/edifice for purpose x2 /:/ /=/ dinju (dij di'u) *building (| with balcony), x2 of: x1 is a balcony/overhang/ledge/shelf of |/structure x2 /:/ /=/ balni *building (| with floor/bottom), x2 of: x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2 /:/ [floor/level/story of a |/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)] /=/ loldi (lol loi) *building (| with stories/floors), x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2 /:/ [floor/level/story of a |/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)] /=/ loldi (lol loi) *building (| with windows), x2 of: x1 is a window/portal/opening [portal] in wall/|/structure x2 /:/ /=/ canko (ca'o) &building purpose, x2 of dinju &building with balcony, x2 of balni *builds, x2 of: x1 makes/assembles/|/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3; x2 is assembled/built/made/created/manufactured out of x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) *built, x2 of: x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3; x2 is assembled/|/made/created/manufactured out of x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) &bulb, plant with | x2 of balji *bulb, x1 is a quantity of garlic [|] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ sunga (sug) *bulb, x1 is a | [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, bulgy] /:/ /=/ balji *bulbous, x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, |] /:/ /=/ balji *bulbous, x1 is plump/fat/obese [excessively thick/|/swollen] by standard x2 /:/ /=/ plana *bulge (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, bulgy] /:/ /=/ balji @bulge, see also "swelling" *bulgy (bulbous), x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, |] /:/ /=/ balji *bull, x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[|/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ bakni (bak) *bullet, x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. |/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) *bumps (| into), x1 collides with/crashes/|/runs into x2 /:/ (also collide = simjanli for a collision between two moving objects) /=/ janli (jal) &bundle wrapping, x3 of bakfu &bundle, contents of a | x2 of bakfu *bundle, x1 is a |/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3 /:/ /=/ bakfu (baf) &bundled, x2 of bakfu &buoy, x2 of fulta *buoyant, x1 (passive) floats on/in fluid (gas/liquid) x2; x1 is | /:/ /=/ fulta (ful flu) *bureau, x1 is an office/|/work-place of worker x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ briju (bij) *burn, x1 |-s/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3 /:/ [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)] /=/ jelca (jel) *burning (of a fire), x1 is a fire/flame | in fuel x2 |-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen) /:/ /=/ fagri (fag) *burning (| of fuel in a fire), x2 of: x1 is a fire/flame in fuel x2 |-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen) /:/ /=/ fagri (fag) &burning atmosphere, x3 of jelca &burning, x2 of fagri *burns, x1 |/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3 /:/ [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)] /=/ jelca (jel) *burps, x1 coughs/farts/| up/out x2 [predominantly gaseous] from orifice x3 /:/ /=/ kafke *bursts, x1 |/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments x2 /:/ /=/ spoja (poj po'a) *bushel, x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. |], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), | (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ dekpu *bushy-tailed, x1 is a fox [| wild dog/canine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ lorxu (lor lo'u) *business (activities of a company), x3 of: x1 is a company/|/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose/| x3 /:/ [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)] /=/ kagni (kag) *business (affairs), x1 is an affair/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (individual/mass); x1 is x2's | /:/ [also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu'u for reordered places)] /=/ cuntu (cu'u) *business (company), x1 of: x1 is a company/|/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose/| x3 /:/ [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)] /=/ kagni (kag) *business (organized group, not necessarily incorporated), x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; |, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) *businessman, x1 or x4 of: x1 exchanges/trades/barters commodity/service x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/| /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics) /=/ canja (caj) *buss, x1 (agent) kisses/|-es x2 at locus x3 /:/ /=/ cinba *busses, x1 (agent) kisses/| x2 at locus x3 /:/ /=/ cinba *butt, x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] /:/ [also ass, behind, |] /=/ zargu (zag za'u) &butter source, x2 of matne *butter, x1 is a quantity of/contains |/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy | (= ladmatne)] /=/ matne &butterfly species, x2 of toldi *butterfly, x1 is a |/moth of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ toldi (tod) *buttery, x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)] /=/ matne &buttock, thing having | x2 of zargu *buttock, x1 is a/the |(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] /:/ [also ass, behind, butt] /=/ zargu (zag za'u) &button material, x4 of batke &button purpose, x3 of batke &button, thing having | x2 of batke *button, x1 is a |/knob/[handle] on/for item x2, with purpose x3, made of material x4 /:/ /=/ batke *buyer (potential |), x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to potential |/purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor/offeror x4 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a | may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)] /=/ jdima (di'a) &buyer, x3 of jdima &buyer, x3 of vecnu %buyer, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u *buyer, x3 of: x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to |/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) *buys, x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 |/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) %buys, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u &cabbage species, x2 of kobli &cabbage, x1 of kobli *cabbage, x1 is a quantity of |/lettuce/leafy vegetable of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ kobli (kob ko'i) &cabin, x1 of sabnu &cabin, vehicle with | x2 of sabnu *cabin, x1 is a | of vehicle x2 /:/ /=/ sabnu *cabinet, x1 (mass) is a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3 /:/ [| (= trukamni, gritrukamni)] /=/ kamni *cable (bundle of filaments), x1 is cord/|/rope/line/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2 /:/ /=/ skori (sko) *cable car, x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); |, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) *cackle, x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, |, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) *cafe, x1 is a restaurant/|/diner serving type-of-food x2 to audience x3 /:/ /=/ gusta *cage, x1 is a/the chest/thorax/upper trunk/[rib |/breast] [body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ cutne (cut) *cake, x1 is a tile/| [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4 /:/ [a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city block' is conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional block, li'irclupa - a loop composed of lines)] /=/ tapla *calcium (metaphorical, based on bones as source), x1 is a/the bone/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: |] /:/ [x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le ); cartilage/gristle (= ranbo'u), skeleton (= bo'urgreku)] /=/ bongu (bog bo'u) &calculate, x1 of kanji *calculate, x1 |-s/reckons/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4 /:/ /=/ kanji (kaj) &calculated from, x3 of kanji &calculated, x2 of kanji *calculates, x1 |/reckons/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4 /:/ /=/ kanji (kaj) &calculation, x4 of kanji *calendar (as the basis for a date), x4 of: x1 is the date [day,{week},{month},year] of event/state x2, at location x3, by | x4 /:/ (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi) /=/ detri (det) &calendar, x4 of detri *calf, x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/|] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ bakni (bak) *called (named), x2 of: x1 (quoted word(s)) is a/the name/title/tag of x2 to/used-by namer/name-user x3 (person) /:/ [also: x2 is | x1 by x3 (= selme'e for reordered places)] /=/ cmene (cme me'e) &calls, x3 of cmene &camel species, x2 of kumte &camel, x1 of kumte *camel, x1 is a |/llama/alpaca/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2 /:/ [llama (= tcokumte), Bactrian | (= zdokumte); Arabian |/dromedary (= rabykumte)] /=/ kumte &camera, x1 of kacma *camera, x1 is a |/photographic equipment recording illumination type x2 images to medium x3 /:/ /=/ kacma &camp location, x3 of ginka &camp, x1 of ginka &camp, stay in | x2 of ginka *camp, x1 is a |/encampment/temporary residence of x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ ginka (gik) &camper, x2 of ginka &campsite, x3 of ginka *can (able), x1 is able to do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state); x1 | do x2 /:/ [also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (= plika'e)] /=/ kakne (ka'e) *can (container), x1 is a bucket/pail/|/deep, solid, wide-topped container of contents x2, made of material x3 /:/ /=/ baktu *can (container), x1 is a |/tightly sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable contents x2, made of x3 /:/ /=/ lante &can contents, x2 of lante &can eat food, one who | x2 of cidja &can material, x3 of lante &can't see, x2 of canci &can, x1 of lante &Canadian aspect, x2 of kadno &Canadian, x1 of kadno *Canadian, x1 reflects | culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ kadno &canal destination, x2 of naxle &canal origin, x3 of naxle &canal route, x4 of naxle &canal, x1 of naxle *canal, x1 is a |/channel to x2 from x3 with route x4 /:/ [x2/x3 may be unordered] /=/ naxle (nax xle) &cancer, x1 of kenra *cancer, x1 is a | [malignant disease] in x2 /:/ /=/ kenra (ken) &cancerous, x2 of kenra &candela standard, x3 of delno &candela, x1 of delno *candela, x1 is x2 | [metric unit] in luminosity (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ delno (del de'o) &candelas, number of | x2 of delno *candid, x1 is honest/open/truthfully revealing to/|/frank with x2 about matter/fact x3 /:/ [also straight, straight-forward] /=/ stace (sac) *candle-power, x1 is x2 candela [metric unit] in luminosity (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ delno (del de'o) *cane, x1 is a rod/pole/staff/stick/| [shape/form] of material x2 /:/ /=/ grana (ga'a) *canine (doglike aspects of a wolf), x1 is a wolf/lupine of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ labno *canine (of a dog), x1 is a dog/|/[bitch] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ gerku (ger ge'u) *canine (of a fox), x1 is a fox [bushy-tailed wild dog/|] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ lorxu (lor lo'u) &canned, x2 of lante *cannon (launcher), x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] /:/ [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/|; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) *cannon (weapon), x1 is a weapon/arms for use against x2 by x3 /:/ [gun/| (= celxa'i)] /=/ xarci (xac xa'i) *cannonball, x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 /:/ [also |, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) *Cantonese, x1 reflects Chinese [Mandarin, |, Wu, etc.] culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jungo (jug) &cap material, x2 of mapku &cap, x1 of mapku *cap, x1 is a |/hat/crown/helmet/piece of headgear [head-top garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ mapku (map) *capable, x1 is able to do/be/| of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state) /:/ [also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (= plika'e)] /=/ kakne (ka'e) *cape, x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/cloak/[|/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ kosta (kos) &capital, x2 of zivle *captain (ultimate leader/commander), x1 is |/commander/leader/in-charge of vehicle/domain x2 /:/ /=/ jatna (ja'a) &captain, x1 of jatna @captain, see also "command", "leader" &captained, x2 of jatna *captive, x1 is a prisoner/| of x2, restrained/held/confined by means/force x3 /:/ /=/ pinfu (pif) &captor, x2 of pinfu &capture, x1 of kavbu *capture, x1 |-s/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 /:/ [catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)] /=/ kavbu (kav) &captured, x2 of kavbu *captures, x1 |/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 /:/ [catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)] /=/ kavbu (kav) &car, x1 of karce &car, propel | x3 of karce &car, ride in | x2 of karce &car, train | x2 of trene *car, x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable |, sky |, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) *car, x1 is a |/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ karce &carbon, x1 of tabno *carbon, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of |/graphite/[diamond]/charcoal; x1 is organic /:/ /=/ tabno (tab) *carbonated, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of a | beverage of flavor/brand x2 /:/ [also: soft drink (though this English phrase sometimes includes tea and coffee as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are "hard drinks")] /=/ sodva (sod) &card material, x2 of karda &card, x1 of karda *card, x1 is a | [small nearly-2-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, shape x3 /:/ (x3 shape default rectangular) /=/ karda *cardiac, x1 is a/the heart [body-part] of x2; [emotional/shape metaphors are NOT culturally neutral] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ risna &cardinality, set with | x2 of # mei *cardiovascular (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 breathes/respires x2 [gas] /:/ (though used to make the Lojban word, clue word | is erroneous, actually pertaining to the circulatory system that carries the respired oxygen to the tissues) /=/ vasxu (vax va'u) &care of, take | x1 of kurji &care of, taken | x2 of kurji *care, x1 (event) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3 /:/ [also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a | to, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)] /=/ raktu (ra'u) *care, x1 takes-|-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) /:/ [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2] /=/ kurji (kuj ku'i) *cares (| after), x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) /:/ [also tends, | for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2] /=/ kurji (kuj ku'i) *cares about (problems x3 caused by x1), x1 (object/person/event/situation) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3 /:/ [also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to, x2 is troubled by/| about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)] /=/ raktu (ra'u) @cares about, see also "attends", "tends", "loves", "likes" *caretaker, x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is | for x2 (object/event/person) /:/ [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2] /=/ kurji (kuj ku'i) *cargo (something carried), x2 of: x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports | x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) *cargo (| of airplane), x2 of: x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/| x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ vinji (vij) *cargo (| of an aircraft), x2 of: x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/| x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ vinji (vij) *cargo (| of boat), x2 of: x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying | x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ bloti (lot blo lo'i) *cargo (| of rocket), x3 of: x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 carrying payload/| x3 /:/ /=/ jakne *cargo (| of vehicle), x2 of: x1 is a vehicle/mode of transport carrying | x2 in/on surface/medium x3, propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ marce (ma'e) *cargo (| of wheeled motor vehicle), x2 of: x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying | x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ karce *cargo (| of wheeled vehicle), x2 of: x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying | x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ carce *cargo (| supported by skis), x3 of: x1 is a ski/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/| x3 /:/ /=/ skiji (sij) &cargo, x2 of bevri &cargo, x2 of marce &cargo, destination for | x3 of bevri &cargo, plane | x2 of vinji @cargo, see also "payload" &cargo, source of | x4 of bevri *carriage, x1 is a cart/|/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ carce &carried by boat, thing | x2 of bloti &carried in rocket, x3 of jakne &carried on cart, x2 of carce &carried, x2 of bevri *carrier (hauler/bearer), x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a |/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) *carrier (medium of transmission), x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to/towards receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 /:/ [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 |] /=/ benji (bej be'i) *carrier (postal |), x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by |/network/system x5 /:/ [also x4 post office, mailbox] /=/ mrilu (mri) &carrier, x1 of bevri &carrier, x5 of benji &carrier, mail | x5 of mrilu *carries, x1 |/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) &carry, x1 of bevri *carry, x1 |-ies/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a |-ier/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) *carrying (aircraft |), x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for | passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ vinji (vij) *carrying (boat |), x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for | x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ bloti (lot blo lo'i) *carrying (rocket |), x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 | payload x3 /:/ /=/ jakne *carrying (tray |), x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also pallet, when used for | rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable] /=/ palne *carrying (vehicle |), x1 is a vehicle/mode of transport | x2 in/on surface/medium x3, propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ marce (ma'e) *carrying (wheeled motor vehicle |), x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for | x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ karce *carrying (wheeled vehicle |), x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for | x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ carce &carrying path, x5 of bevri *cars, x1 is a train [vehicle] of |/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) &cart, x1 of carce &cart, carried on | x2 of carce &cart, propulsion for | x3 of carce *cart, x1 is a |/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ carce &carted, x2 of carce *cartilage, x1 is a/the bone/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium] /:/ [x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le ); |/gristle (= ranbo'u), skeleton (= bo'urgreku)] /=/ bongu (bog bo'u) *carton, x1 is a box/|/trunk/crate for contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ /=/ tanxe (tax ta'e) *cartoon, x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; |/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) *carves, x1 [abrasive/cutting/scratching object/implement] scratches/[|]/erodes/cuts [into] x2 /:/ , spali) /=/ sraku (rak) *case, x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 /:/ [also |, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) *case, x1 is an example/sample/specimen/instance/|/illustration of common property(s) x2 of set x3 /:/ /=/ mupli (mup) &cassava species, x2 of samcu &cassava, x1 of samcu *cassava, x1 is a quantity of |/taro/manioc/tapioca/yam [edible starchy root] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ samcu *castigate, x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state) /:/ [also chastise, |, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty] /=/ sfasa (sfa) *Castillian, x1 reflects Spanish-speaking culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ [metaphorical restriction to Spain by contrast with xispo (comparable to the distinction between glico and merko/sralo/brito/kadno); Spain (= sangu'e); Spanish dialects spoken in Spain, especially | (= sansanbau)] /=/ spano (san) *casts (shoots - any propulsion), x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] /:/ [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/| (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) *casts (throws - internal to x1 propulsion), x1 throws/launches/|/hurls x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally to x1) /:/ , danti) /=/ renro (rer re'o) &cat species, x2 of mlatu &cat, x1 of mlatu *cat, x1 is a tiger/leopard/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with coat markings x3 /:/ [a great | noted/recognized by its markings, metaphorically: stripes, tiger markings] /=/ tirxu *cat, x1 is a |/[puss/pussy/kitten] [feline animal] of species/breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is feline /:/ /=/ mlatu (lat) *catalog, x1 (physical object) is a list/|/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified) /=/ liste (ste) &cataloged, x2 of liste *catapult, x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, | stone, shot pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) &catch, x1 of kavbu *catch, x1 captures/|-es/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 /:/ [| something thrown (= rerkavbu)] /=/ kavbu (kav) *catches, x1 captures/|/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 /:/ [catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)] /=/ kavbu (kav) *categorization (tree-structured |), x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure |] /:/ [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) *category, x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/|/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) /:/ [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum] /=/ klesi (kle lei) *cattle, x1 is a cow/|/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ bakni (bak) &caught, x2 of kavbu &causation conditions, x3 of rinka *cause (agentive | of being broken), x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 /:/ [agentive break, | to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)] /=/ spofu (pof po'u) *cause (agentive | with purpose), x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 /:/ [also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive | with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end] /=/ zukte (zuk zu'e) *cause (agentive |), x1 [person/agent] is an agentive | of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2 /:/ /=/ gasnu (gau) *cause (antecedent of a result), x2 of: x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent/[|] x2 (event/state/process) /:/ [also: x2 gives rise to/[|-s] x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)] /=/ jalge (jag ja'e) *cause (explanation), x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du'u) /:/ [explanation x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpose/method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word not a simple expression of |] /=/ ciksi (cki) &cause anguish, x2 of dunku &cause of war, x3 of jamna &cause remorse, x2 of zungi &cause, x1 of rinka @cause, see also "nibli" "krinu", "mukti", "jalge", "pruce", "rinka", "zbasu", "galfi", "stika" *cause, x1 (event/state) effects/physically |-s effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2] /=/ rinka (rik ri'a) *caused (of tides/periodic level changes), x1 is a tide [cyclical/periodic expansion] in x2 | by x3 /:/ /=/ ctaru *caused (| by people/man), x1 is an artifact; x1 is artificial; x1 is made/| by people/se kulnu x2; x1 is man-made /:/ /=/ rutni (run) &caused, x2 of gasnu &caused, result | x2 of rinka *causes (physically |), x1 (event/state) effects/physically | effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2] /=/ rinka (rik ri'a) *causes (| result), x2 of: x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent/[cause] x2 (event/state/process) /:/ [also: x2 gives rise to/[|] x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)] /=/ jalge (jag ja'e) *causes (| to slow/stop), x1 (agent) brakes/| to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3 /:/ /=/ jabre *causes disgust, x1 is repugnant to/| to x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ rigni (rig) *causing (flaw |), x1 (property - ka) is a flaw/fault/defect in x2 | x3 /:/ /=/ cfila (cfi) *causing (rason/justification |), x1 (event/state) is a reason/justification/explanation for/|/permitting x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ krinu (rin ki'u) *causing (seasoning | flavor/effect), x1 is a seasoning/condiment/spice | flavor/effect x2 (event/property) /:/ [also: x1 flavors x2 (tu'a)] /=/ tsapi *causing (word |, of speech acts), x1 is a word meaning/| x2 in language x3; (adjective: x1 is lexical/verbal) /:/ /=/ valsi (val vla) *causing (| problems), x1 (event) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) | problem(s) x3 /:/ [also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)] /=/ raktu (ra'u) &causing weight, gravity | x3 of junta &causus belli, x3 of jamna *caution, x1 (event/experience) warns/|-s x2 (person) of/about danger x3 (event/state/property) /:/ [agentive warning (= jdegau, jdezu'e); an attempt to warn which may not succeed (= jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)] /=/ kajde (jde) *cautions, x1 (event/experience) warns/| x2 (person) of/about danger x3 (event/state/property) /:/ [agentive warning (= jdegau, jdezu'e); an attempt to warn which may not succeed (= jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)] /=/ kajde (jde) *cave (sound clue and root of closely related meaning), x1 is a |-ity/hole/hollow/|-rn in x2; x1 is con-| within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1 /:/ [also pit, depression, con-|-ity; hollow (= selke'a)] /=/ kevna (kev ke'a) *cavern, x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/| in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1 /:/ [also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)] /=/ kevna (kev ke'a) *cavity (oral |), x1 is a/the mouth/oral | [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: entrance/intake for consumption) /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is oral] /=/ moklu (mol mo'u) &cavity, x1 of kevna &cavity, thing having | x2 of kevna *cavity, x1 is a |/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1 /:/ [also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)] /=/ kevna (kev ke'a) &cease, x1 of sisti *cease, x1 [agent] |-s/stops/halts activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing it] /:/ /=/ sisti (sti) *ceases (stops), x1 [agent] |/stops/halts activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing it] /:/ /=/ sisti (sti) *ceases (| at an end/termination point), x2 of: x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] /:/ [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/|/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)] /=/ fanmo (fam fa'o) *ceases (| to be observed), x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 | to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3 /:/ [also leaves, goes away (one sense)] /=/ canci *ceases (| to due failure), x2 of: x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2 /:/ [baffled (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 |/does not complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1] /=/ fliba (fli) *ceiling (part of the bounds of a room), x3 of: x1 is a room/chamber of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/|/floor x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ /=/ kumfa (kum ku'a) *ceiling (roof/lid/top), x1 is a roof/top/|/lid of x2 /:/ over/above something and shelters it from other things above the drudi, mapku) /=/ drudi (rud dru) &celebrate, x1 of salci *celebrate, x1 |-s/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of '|': funeral (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) *celebrated (esteemed), x2 of: x1 esteems/respects/venerates/highly regards x2 [object of respect] /:/ [also: x2 is respected/esteemed/| (= selsi'a for reordered places)] /=/ sinma (si'a) *celebrated (honored by event/activity), x2 of: x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3; x2 is | with activity x3 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) *celebrated (of a celebration), x3 of: x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3; celebration x3 is | by x1 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) *celebrated (renowned), x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2 (mass) /:/ [also |/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)] /=/ misno (mis mi'o) &celebrated, x2 of salci *celebrates, x1 |/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) &celebration, x3 of salci *celebration, x3 of: x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3; | x3 is celebrated by x1 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/|/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) *celebrity, x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a | among community of persons x2 (mass) /:/ [also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)] /=/ misno (mis mi'o) *celestial (of outer space), x1 is outer space near/associated with | body/region x2 /:/ /=/ kensa (kes) *celestial (of the sky), x1 is an expanse of sky/the heavens at place x2; [|] /:/ /=/ tsani (tan) &celestial body, x2 of kensa &cell, x1 of selci &cell, thing having | x2 of selci *cell, x1 is a |/atom/unit/molecule of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most basic subunit of x2 /:/ (x2 generally has mass nature) /=/ selci (sle) *cell, x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 /:/ [also germ |; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] /=/ tsiju (tsi) *celled, x1 is a bacteria/germ/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [1-| life] of species/defining property x2 /:/ /=/ jurme (jum) *cello, x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 /:/ [also lute, viola, |] /=/ jgita (git) *Celtic, x1 reflects Gaelic/Scottish culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ [Irish (= sicko'o), Scottish (= sunko'o), | (= dzeko'o), Welsh (= nanko'o), Breton (= fasko'o); since Scottish/Gaelic is only the northern branch of the | tribes, many would prefer a le'avla for |; nationalism might also demand a separate le'avla for Irish] /=/ skoto (kot ko'o) ¢, x1 of fepni ¢, money system of | x3 of fepni *cent, x1 is measured in kopeck/| money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) *center (metaphorical, of a nut or nut-like object), x4 of: x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-shelled fruit] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and | x4 /:/ [also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)] /=/ narge (nag) *center (middle), x1 is in/at the middle/|/midpoint/[is a focus] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is central /:/ /=/ midju (mij) *center (shopping |), x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping |, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) @center, see also "middle", "neutral", "focus" *centi- (metric prefix), x1 is a hundredth [1/100; 1x10**-2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ centi (cen) *central, x1 is in/at the middle/center/midpoint/[is a focus] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ /=/ midju (mij) ¢s, number of | x2 of fepni ¢s, worth in | x2 of fepni &ceramic composition, x3 of staku &ceramic form, x4 of staku &ceramic, x1 of staku &ceramic, make | x2 of staku *ceramic, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | made by x2, of composition x3, in form/shape x4 /:/ [made of baked clay or other non-metallic solid; x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ staku (tak) *cereal, x1 is grain/[British: corn]/| from plant/species x2 /:/ /=/ gurni (gru) *cerebral (of the brain), x1 is a/the brain [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: intelligence, mental control] /:/ [also |] /=/ besna (ben) &ceremonialized, x2 of ritli *ceremony, x1 is a rite/|/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 /:/ [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs /=/ ritli (ri'i) &certain thing, x1 of birti *certain, x1 is |/sure/positive/convinced that x2 is true /:/ /=/ birti (bit) &certainty, x2 of birti *cesium, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali metal of type x2 [default sodium] /:/ [also potassium, lithium, |]; [soda] /=/ sodna &chain material, x2 of linsi &chain property, x3 of linsi &chain, x1 of linsi *chain, x1 is a length of |/links of material x2 with link properties x3 /:/ /=/ linsi (lin) &chair, x1 of stizu *chair, x1 is a |/stool/seat/bench, a piece or portion of a piece of furniture intended for sitting /:/ /=/ stizu (tiz) &chalk form, x3 of bakri &chalk source, x2 of bakri &chalk, x1 of bakri *chalk, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | from source x2 in form x3 /:/ /=/ bakri &challenge property, x3 of talsa &challenge, x1 of talsa *challenge, x1 (person) |-s x2 at/in property x3 /:/ /=/ talsa (tal) &challenged, x2 of talsa *challenges (calls for/demands proof/accountability), x1 (person) | x2 at/in property x3 /:/ /=/ talsa (tal) *challenges (is difficult), x1 is difficult/hard/challenging for x2 under conditions x3; x1 | (non-agentive) x2 /:/ /=/ nandu (nad) *challenging, x1 is difficult/hard/| for x2 under conditions x3; x1 challenges (non-agentive) x2 /:/ /=/ nandu (nad) *chamber, x1 is a room/| of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ /=/ kumfa (kum ku'a) *chameleon, x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 /:/ [credit (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a | does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)] /=/ jbera (jer) *chance (by |), x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 /:/ [also accidental, chancy, by |, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")] /=/ cunso (cun cu'o) *chancy, x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 /:/ [also accidental, |, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")] /=/ cunso (cun cu'o) *change (expected to |: temporary), x1 is temporary/not permanent/expected to | in property x2 (ka) by standard/expectant x3 /:/ [also transient] /=/ zasni (zas) &change locus, sudden | x2 of suksa &change, with sudden | x3 of suksa &changed into, thing | x2 of binxo &changed, x2 of galfi *changes (adjusts), x1 (event) adjusts/regulates/| x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 /:/ [non-resultative, causal |; agentive adjust (= tikygau, tikyzu'e)] /=/ stika (tik) *changes (becomes/| into), x1 becomes/|/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [resultative, not-necessarily causal, |] /=/ binxo (bix bi'o) *changes (modifies into), x1 (event) modifies/alters/|/transforms/converts x2 into x3 /:/ [causal, resultative |; agentive modify (= gafygau, gafyzu'e)] /=/ galfi (gaf ga'i) *changes (suddenly :), x1 (event/state) is sudden/sharply | at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3 /:/ [also abrupt, discontinuous] /=/ suksa (suk) *changes (varies), x1 varies/| in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [non-resultative, not-necessarily causal |] /=/ cenba (cne) *channel (canal, man-made or -enhanced waterway), x1 is a canal/| to x2 from x3 with route x4 /:/ [x2/x3 may be unordered] /=/ naxle (nax xle) *channel (sensory | with noise), x3 of: x1 is a noise/din/clamor [sensory input without useful information] to x2 via sensory | x3 /:/ /=/ savru (sav vru) *channel (sensory |), x3 of: x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory |] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) *channel (television broadcast |), x3 of: x1 [broadcaster] televises programming x2 via medium/| x3 to television receiver x4 /:/ [x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) &channel, noise | x3 of savru &channel, television | x3 of tivni *chants, x1 sings/| x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3 /:/ [melody (= sa'azgi, ralsa'azgi), harmony (= saxsa'azgi), harmonize/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)] /=/ sanga (sag sa'a) *chaos (disorganized), x1 organizes x2 [relative |] into x3 [ordered/organized result] by system/principle(s) x4 /:/ [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3] /=/ ganzu (gaz) &chaotic property, x2 of kalsa &chaotic, x1 of kalsa *chaotic, x1 is |/disordered in property/aspect x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ kalsa (kas) &character set, x2 of lerfu *character, x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/|-set x2 representing x3 /:/ [also x1 glyph, rune, | (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol] /=/ lerfu (ler le'u) &characteristic, x2 of ckaji *characteristics (planetary |), x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with planetary | x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ plini *characteristics (satellite |), x1 is a satellite/moon orbiting x2 with | x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ mluni (lun) *characteristics (temporary |), x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2 /:/ [| or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary] /=/ tcini &characterization of era, x2 of cedra *characterized (defining an era), x1 is an era/epoch/age | by x2 (event/property/interval/idea) /:/ (x2 interval should be the defining boundaries; if merely a characterizing period, the nature of the interval should be expressed in an abstract bridi, or the interval should be marked with tu'a; x2 may also be characteristic object(s) or practices of the era, if marked with tu'a) /=/ cedra *characterized (| by a property), x1 has/is | by property/feature/trait/aspect/dimension x2 (ka); x2 is manifest in x1 /:/ [manifested/property/quality/trait/feature/aspect (= selkai)] /=/ ckaji (kai) &characterized, is | x1 of ckaji *charcoal, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of carbon/graphite/[diamond]/|; x1 is organic /:/ /=/ tabno (tab) *charge (electric |), x1 is electricity [electric | or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (default negative) /:/ [(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron current), | (= klodikca, stadikca)] /=/ dikca (dic) *charge (has |, leadership), x1 is captain/commander/leader/in-| of vehicle/domain x2 /:/ /=/ jatna (ja'a) &charge, amount of | x3 of dikca &charge, electric | x1 of dikca &charge, object/location holding | x2 of dikca &charged for, x4 of pleji &charged, x2 of dikca &chart subject, x2 of cartu &chart, x1 of cartu &chart, thing shown on | x3 of cartu *chart, x1 is a |/diagram/map of/about x2 showing formation/data-points x3 /:/ /=/ cartu (cat) &charter of a committee, x2 of kamni *chartered (of a company/organization), x1 is a company/corporation/firm/partnership | by authority x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also enterprise/organization (if |)] /=/ kagni (kag) &chase, x1 of jersi *chase, x1 |-s/pursues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2 /:/ [x1 follows after x2] /=/ jersi (je'i) &chased, x2 of jersi *chases, x1 |/pursues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2 /:/ [x1 follows after x2] /=/ jersi (je'i) *chasm, x1 is a crack/fissure/pass/cleft/ravine/|/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2 /:/ /=/ fenra (fer fe'a) *chasten, x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state) /:/ [also chastise, castigate, |, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty] /=/ sfasa (sfa) *chastise, x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state) /:/ [also |, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty] /=/ sfasa (sfa) %chat, x1 is an event of x2(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discussing/talking about topic/subject x3 /:/ [also x1 is a |/conversation/discussion/palaver] /=/ nunsnu *chat, x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4 /:/ [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/discuss/| (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)] /=/ tavla (tav ta'a) *chat, x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about topic/subject x2 /:/ [also |, converse] /=/ casnu (snu) &chattel, x2 of ponse @cheap (inexpensive), consider metaphor "(na'e)-costly" (= (nalkargu) *cheap (of metal, tinny), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tin (Sn); [metaphor: | or base metal] /:/ /=/ tinci *cheat, x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/|-s/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) *cheats, x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/|/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) @check (account, as at a restaurant), consider metaphor "restaurant-account" (= gustyjanta), "bar-account" (= barjyjanta) @check (used in payment), consider metaphor "bank-money-symbol" (= baxydinsni), "bank-money-(se)-promise" (= baxydinselnu'e) &cheese source, x2 of cirla &cheese, x1 of cirla *cheese, x1 is a quantity of/contains |/curd from source x2 /:/ /=/ cirla &chemical element, x2 of ratni &chemical purity, x3 of xukmi &chemical, x1 of xukmi &chemical, kind of | x2 of xukmi *chemical, x1 is an instance of substance/|/drug x2 (individual or mass) with purity x3 /:/ /=/ xukmi (xum xu'i) @cheque (used in payment), consider metaphor "bank-money-symbol" (= baxydinsni), "bank-money-(se)-promise" (= baxydinselnu'e) &chest, x1 of cutne &chest, thing having | x2 of cutne *chest, x1 is a box/carton/trunk/| for contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ /=/ tanxe (tax ta'e) *chest, x1 is a/the |/thorax/upper trunk/[rib cage/breast] [body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ cutne (cut) *chicken egg, x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 /:/ [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), | (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi] /=/ sovda (sov so'a) &chicken species, x2 of jipci &chicken, x1 of jipci *chicken, x1 is a |/[hen/cock/rooster]/small fowl [a type of bird] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jipci *chicory, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2 /:/ [brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also | coffee, decaf, postum] /=/ ckafi (kaf) *chief (main), x1 is principal/|/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) *chief (ultimate leader/commander), x1 is |/commander/leader/in-charge of vehicle/domain x2 /:/ /=/ jatna (ja'a) *chiefly, x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) |, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) *child (juvenile), x1 is a |/kid/juvenile [a young person] of age x2, immature by standard x3 /:/ [not necessarily human] /=/ verba (ver ve'a) *child (offspring), x1 is a [biological] offspring/|/kid/hybrid of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is filial /:/ /=/ panzi (paz) *child (parented), x2 of: x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward |/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) &child standard, x3 of verba &child's age, x2 of verba &child, x1 of verba &child, x2 of patfu @child, see also "procreate", "boy", "girl", infant" &chime, x2 of janbe *chime, x1 is a bell/|/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2 /:/ [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)] /=/ janbe (jab) *chimpanzee, x1 is a monkey/ape/simian/baboon/| of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ smani &Chinese aspect, x2 of jungo &Chinese, x1 of jungo *Chinese, x1 reflects | [Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, etc.] culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jungo (jug) &chlorine, x1 of kliru *chlorine, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of halogen of type x2 [|, fluorine, iodine, etc.] /:/ [also bromine; default |] /=/ kliru &chocolate, x1 of cakla *chocolate, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of |/cocoa /:/ /=/ cakla *choice (something chosen), x2 of: x1 chooses/selects x2 [|] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set) /:/ [also prefer (= nelcu'a)] /=/ cuxna (cux cu'a) *choice (the set of alternatives that can be chosen), x3 of: x1 chooses/selects x2 [|] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set) /:/ [also prefer (= nelcu'a)] /=/ cuxna (cux cu'a) &choices, x3 of cuxna &choose, x1 of cuxna *choose, x1 |-s/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set) /:/ [also prefer (= nelcu'a)] /=/ cuxna (cux cu'a) *chooses, x1 |/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set) /:/ [also prefer (= nelcu'a)] /=/ cuxna (cux cu'a) *chopsticks, x1 is a/are tong(s)/|/pincers/tweezers/pliers [tool/body-part] for x2 to pinch x3 /:/ /=/ cinza &chosen, x2 of cuxna *Christian (as part of the Judeo-Christian-Muslim monotheistic tradition), x1 pertains to the common Judeo-|-Muslim culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jegvo (jeg je'o) &Christian aspect, x2 of xriso &Christian, x1 of xriso *Christian, x1 pertains to the | religion/culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ xriso (xis xi'o) &chrome metal, x2 of romge &chrome, x1 of romge *chrome, x1 is a highly reflective/polished non-tarnishing metallic surface, of metal x2 [often |-ium] /:/ /=/ romge (rog) *chromium, x1 is a highly reflective/polished non-tarnishing metallic surface, of metal x2 [often |] /:/ /=/ romge (rog) *chromosome, x1 is a gene of creature [or locus on creature] x2 determining trait/process x3 /:/ [also | = (gincilta, ginpoi)] /=/ jgina (gin) *chunk, x1 [object/substance] is a piece/portion/lump/|/particle of x2 [substance] /:/ /=/ spisa (spi) *church (organized |, a mass of people), x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized |/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) *church (temple), x1 is a temple/|/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving area x3 /:/ [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)] /=/ malsi (mas) *chutzpah, x1 shows audacity/| in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka) /:/ [x1 is bold] /=/ darsi &cigar maker, x3 of sigja &cigar material, x2 of sigja &cigar, x1 of sigja *cigar, x1 is a |/cigarette/cigarillo made from tobacco/smokable substance x2 by x3 /:/ /=/ sigja (sig) *cigarette, x1 is a cigar/|/cigarillo made from tobacco/smokable substance x2 by x3 /:/ /=/ sigja (sig) *cigarillo, x1 is a cigar/cigarette/| made from tobacco/smokable substance x2 by x3 /:/ /=/ sigja (sig) *cinema (film), x1 is a |/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) &cinema audience, x4 of skina &cinema, x1 of skina *cipher (encoded text), x1 is encoded/| text of plain-text x2 by code/coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code /:/ [code (= termifra)] /=/ mifra (mif) &cipher, x3 of mifra *ciphertext, x1 is encoded/| of plain-text x2 by code/coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code /:/ [code (= termifra)] /=/ mifra (mif) *circle (ideal form), x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/|-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. | (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)] /=/ tarmi (tam tai) *circle (ring), x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/| [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, outside diameter x4 /:/ [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)] /=/ djine (jin) *circle (round object), x1 is round/circular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/|/ring /:/ [normally used for a filled-in |/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring'] /=/ cukla (cuk) *circle-shaped (object with form), x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/| (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)] /=/ tarmi (tam tai) *circling, x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/|/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) *circuit, x1 is a loop/| of x2 [material] /:/ [also noose (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed curve defined by set of points (= cuptai)] /=/ clupa (cup) *circular (of a round object), x1 is round/| [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/ring /:/ [normally used for a filled-in circle/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring'] /=/ cukla (cuk) *circular (of an object), x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. |/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)] /=/ tarmi (tam tai) *circumstance (| for replacement), x3 of: x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in | x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute /:/ [also: x1 trades places with x2] /=/ basti (bas) *circumstances (properties of a situation), x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/position/are conditions/| of x2 /:/ [characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary] /=/ tcini &circumvented, something | x2 of fanta *CIS, x1 reflects Russian empire/USSR/ex-USSR/| culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ softo (sof) &cite, x1 of sitna *cite, x1 |-s/quotes/refers to/makes reference to source x2 for information/statement x3 (du'u) /:/ /=/ sitna (sit) &cited information, x3 of sitna &cited, x2 of sitna *cites, x1 |/quotes/refers to/makes reference to source x2 for information/statement x3 (du'u) /:/ /=/ sitna (sit) &citrus species, x2 of nimre &citrus, x1 of nimre *citrus, x1 is a quantity of | [fruit/tree, etc.] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ nimre *city (| of suburb), x1 is a suburban area of |/metropolis x2 /:/ /=/ jarbu *city block, x1 is a tile/cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4 /:/ [a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; '|' is conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional block, li'irclupa - a loop composed of lines)] /=/ tapla &city extent, x2 of tcadu &city hinterland, x4 of tcadu &city of suburb, x2 of jarbu &city, x1 of tcadu &city, polity with | x3 of tcadu *city, x1 is a town/| of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/region x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is urban] /=/ tcadu (tca) *civil (pertaining to a polity/citizen), x1 is a polity/state governing territory/domain x2; [government/territory relationship] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |/political] /=/ jecta (jec je'a) *civil (polite), x1 is polite/courteous/| in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3 /:/ [also formal, ritual] /=/ clite (lit) *claims, x1 (agent) asserts/|/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] /:/ [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2] /=/ xusra (xus xu'a) *clambers, x1 climbs/|/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools] /:/ /=/ cpare (par) *clammy (pertaining to clay), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of clay [moist, | dirt] of composition including x2 /:/ /=/ kliti (kit) *clamor, x1 is a noise/din/| [sensory input without useful information] to x2 via sensory channel x3 /:/ /=/ savru (sav vru) *clan, x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard x3 /:/ [also |, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places), relative of (= lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)] /=/ lanzu (laz) *clarinet, x1 is a oboe/|/saxophone [reed musical instrument] with reed x2 /:/ /=/ xagri *class (category), x1 (mass/si'o) is a |/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) /:/ [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum] /=/ klesi (kle lei) *class (upper-|), x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also upper-|; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles] /=/ nobli (nol no'i) &class, x1 of klesi &class, contain | x2 of klesi &class, define | x3 of klesi &class, structure word | x2 of cmavo *classification, x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/|/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) /:/ [also type, kind, |, species, genus, family, order, phylum] /=/ klesi (kle lei) &claw, x1 of jgalu &claw, thing having | x2 of jgalu *claw, x1 is a/the |/nail/talon [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed, penetrating, physical weapon] /:/ /=/ jgalu (ja'u) &clawed, x2 of jgalu &clay composition, x2 of kliti &clay, x1 of kliti *clay, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of ceramic made by x2, of composition x3, in form/shape x4 /:/ [made of baked | or other non-metallic solid; x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ staku (tak) *clay, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | [moist, clammy dirt] of composition including x2 /:/ /=/ kliti (kit) &clean, x1 of jinsa *clean, x1 (object) is |/pure of material/contaminant/dirt x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ jinsa (jis) &cleaned away, material | x2 of jinsa &cleaning material, x4 of lumci *cleaning material, x4 of: x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with | material(s) x4 /:/ [agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)] /=/ lumci (lum lu'i) &cleanness standard, x3 of jinsa &cleanser, x4 of lumci *cleanses, x1 (agent) washes/| x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4 /:/ [agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)] /=/ lumci (lum lu'i) *cleansing, x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4 /:/ [agentless washing/| (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)] /=/ lumci (lum lu'i) @clear (understandable), see also "understand"; consider metaphor "easy-(se)-understand" (= filseljmi) &clear, x1 of klina *clear, x1 (object/medium) is |/transparent/without obstacle to in-the-| x2 [transmission] /:/ [also lucid; x2 remains apparent/lucid/| (figurative use for 'understandable' is discouraged)] /=/ klina (kli) &clearly, transmitted | x2 of klina *cleft, x1 is a crack/fissure/pass/|/ravine/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2 /:/ /=/ fenra (fer fe'a) *clerical, x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/| (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) *climate, x1 is weather at place/region x2; (adjective:) x1 is meteorological /:/ [| (= citsyti'a, timymo'a)] /=/ tcima (tim ti'a) &climb, x1 of cpare *climb, x1 |-s/clambers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools] /:/ /=/ cpare (par) &climbed, direction | x3 of cpare &climbed, surface | x2 of cpare *climbing (purpose of stairs), x1 are stairs/stairway/steps for | structure x2 with steps x3 /:/ /=/ serti (ser) &climbing tool, x4 of cpare *climbs (on a surface), x1 |/clambers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools] /:/ /=/ cpare (par) *clitoris, x1 is a/the |/penis [projecting reproductive organ; body-part] of x2 /:/ [normally context eliminates need for specificity; otherwise: penis (= nakpinji), | (= fetpinji)] /=/ pinji *cloak (outer garment), x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/|/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ kosta (kos) *cloak (robe/full length garment), x1 is a robe/tunic/gown/|/dress/[coveralls] [a long/full body garment] of material x2 /:/ [also coveralls (= paspalku)] /=/ pastu (pas) &clock mechanism, x4 of junla &clock, x1 of junla &clock, measured by | x2 of junla *clock, x1 is |/watch/timer measuring time units x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism/method x4 /:/ [also timepiece] /=/ junla (jul) *clone (copy), x1 is a copy/replica/duplicate/| of x2 in form/medium x3 made by method x4 (event) /:/ /=/ fukpi (fuk fu'i) *closable, x1 is a bottle/jar/urn/flask/| container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4 /:/ /=/ botpi (bot bo'i) *close (near), x1 is near/| to/approximates x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) /:/ /=/ jibni (jbi) *close similarity (parallel), x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 /:/ [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme |/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra *closed (not open), x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is |/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane] /=/ ganlo (ga'o) *closed curve, x1 is a loop/circuit of x2 [material] /:/ [also noose (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); | defined by set of points (= cuptai)] /=/ clupa (cup) &closed off, x2 of ganlo &closed, x1 of ganlo &closure, stopped by | x3 of ganlo *cloth (fabric), x1 is an amount of |/fabric of type/material x2 /:/ /=/ bukpu (buk bu'u) *cloth (knitted |), x2 of: x1 (agent) knits x2 [|/object] from yarn/thread x3 /:/ /=/ nivji (niv) *cloth (woven), x2 of: x1 weaves | x2 from material/[yarn] x3 /:/ /=/ jivbu &cloth material, x2 of bukpu &cloth, x1 of bukpu *clothesless, x1 is bare/naked/nude; x1 is without cover/|/[protection] /:/ /=/ lunbe (lub) *clothing, x1 is dress/a garment/| for wearing by x2 (gender/species/body part) serving purpose x3 /:/ [also: x2 can wear/is wearing x1; refers to something intended for use as a garment, not merely something that happens to be worn at some time (which need not be true for dasni)] /=/ taxfu (taf ta'u) &cloud base elevation, x4 of dilnu &cloud material, x2 of dilnu &cloud, x1 of dilnu *cloud, x1 is a |/mass of |s of material x2 in air mass x3 at floor/base elevation x4 /:/ /=/ dilnu (dil) &cloudy, x3 of dilnu *cloying, x1 is an excess of/too much of x2 by standard x3 /:/ [| (= maldu'e, tolpu'adu'e)] /=/ dukse (dus du'e) *clump, x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/|/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3 /:/ /=/ bakfu (baf) &clumsiness standard, x2 of juxre &clumsy, x1 of juxre *clumsy, x1 (action) is |/awkward by standard x2 /:/ /=/ juxre (jux) *cluster (clump/bundle), x1 is a bundle/package/|/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3 /:/ /=/ bakfu (baf) *cluster (group), x1 is group/|/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 /:/ [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; | (= kangri)] /=/ girzu (gir gri) *clutches, x1 grasps/holds/|/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2) /:/ [hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)] /=/ jgari (jai) &co-occurs, thing which | x2 of cabna &coal source, x2 of kolme &coal, x1 of kolme *coal, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of |/peat/anthracite/bituminous from source x2 /:/ /=/ kolme (kol ko'e) *coarse, x1 is rough/|/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity /:/ [fine-textured (= tolrufsu)] /=/ rufsu (ruf) &coast with bay, x2 of zbani *coast, x2 of: x1 is a bay in/of |/shoreline x2 /:/ /=/ zbani *coat markings, x1 is a tiger/leopard/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with | x3 /:/ [a great cat noted/recognized by its markings, metaphorically: stripes, tiger markings] /=/ tirxu &coat material, x2 of kosta &coat, x1 of kosta *coat, x1 is a |/jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ kosta (kos) *cock, x1 is a chicken/[hen/|/rooster]/small fowl [a type of bird] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jipci &cockroach species, x2 of jalra &cockroach, x1 of jalra *cockroach, x1 is a |/[orthopteran/termite] of order/species/breed x2 /:/ [also grasshopper (= pi'erjalra); cricket (= snajalra); locust, termite (= mantyjalra or mudyctijalra)]; (while cockroaches are an order unto themselves, they are part of Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, crickets, etc; termites are a closely-related non-Orthoptera, more akin to cockroaches than to e.g. ants) /=/ jalra *cocoa, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of chocolate/| /:/ /=/ cakla &code of conduct, x3 of bilga &code system, x3 of mifra &code, x1 of mifra &code, x3 of mifra &code, in | x1 of mifra *code, x1 is a key fitting/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3 /:/ [also x2 fastener, mechanism; | key (= termifckiku, ckitermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth] /=/ ckiku (kik) *code, x1 is encoded/cipher text of plain-text x2 by |/coding system x3; x1 is in |; x3 is a | /:/ [| (= termifra)] /=/ mifra (mif) *coding system, x1 is encoded/cipher text of plain-text x2 by code/| x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code /:/ [code (= termifra)] /=/ mifra (mif) &coffee bean, x2 of ckafi &coffee, x1 of ckafi *coffee, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of | from source/bean/grain x2 /:/ [brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory |, decaf, postum] /=/ ckafi (kaf) *cogitates, x1 thinks/considers/|/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 /:/ [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)] /=/ pensi (pes pei) *cohesive (of a shape/form), x1 is a drop [small, | shape] of material [liquid/vapor] x2 in surrounding material x3 /:/ /=/ dirgo (dig) *coin (money), x1 is money/|/currency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fiscal /:/ ['currency' sometimes is restricted to paper | (= pledi'i)] /=/ jdini (din di'i) &coin value, x3 of sicni &coin, x1 of sicni &coin, issue | x2 of sicni *coin, x1 is a |/token/is specie issued by x2 having value x3 of composition including x4 /:/ /=/ sicni (si'i) @coitus, (event of copulation), consider metaphor "(nu)-copulate" (= nungle) *coitus, x1 copulates/fucks/mates/has |/sexual intercourse with x2 /:/ [x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)] /=/ gletu (let gle) &cold, x1 of lenku *cold, x1 is winter/wintertime [| season] of year x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ dunra (dur) *cold, x1 is |/cool by standard x2 /:/ /=/ lenku (lek) &coldness standard, x2 of lenku &collar material, x3 of karli &collar, x1 of karli &collar, thing having | x2 of karli *collar, x1 is a |/ring/belt/band around/surrounding x2 made of material x3 /:/ [also sphincter] /=/ karli &collared, x2 of karli &collection, data | x3 of datni *collection, x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 /:/ [also |, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)] /=/ girzu (gir gri) *collector (tax |), x4 of: x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/| x4 /:/ [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] /=/ cteki (tek ce'i) *collects (non-agentive), x1 (mass/jo'u) gathers/| at location x2 from locations x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ [also focus (= seljmaji)] /=/ jmaji (jaj) *college, x1 is school/institute/academy/|/university at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audience/community x4 operated by x5 /:/ /=/ ckule (kul cu'e) &collide, x1 of janli *collide, x1 |-s with/crashes/bumps/runs into x2 /:/ (also | = simjanli for a collision between two moving objects) /=/ janli (jal) &collided with, x2 of janli *collides, x1 | with/crashes/bumps/runs into x2 /:/ (also collide = simjanli for a collision between two moving objects) /=/ janli (jal) *colloid, x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/|/commingling with ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)] /=/ mixre (mix xre) *colony, x1 is a community/| of organisms x2 /:/ /=/ cecmu (cem ce'u) *color (dark |), x1 is black/extremely dark-colored [| adjective] /:/ /=/ xekri (xek xe'i) *color (perceived |), x2 of: x1 is/appears to be of |/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [conditions may include lighting, background, etc.] /=/ skari (ska) *color (| of ink), x2 of: x1 is a quantity of ink of |/pigment x2 used by writing device x3 /:/ /=/ xinmo (xim) &color conditions, x4 of skari &color of, x2 of skari &color, ink | x2 of xinmo &color, perceive | x3 of skari *color, x1 is black/extremely dark-colored [| adjective] /:/ /=/ xekri (xek xe'i) *color, x1 is blue [| adjective] /:/ /=/ blanu (bla) *color, x1 is brown/tan [| adjective] /:/ /=/ bunre (bur bu'e) *color, x1 is cyan/turquoise/greenish-blue [| adjective] /:/ /=/ cicna %color, x1 is fuchsin/a dye of magenta/fuchsia/purplish-red | /:/ /=/ nukselcinta *color, x1 is gray [| adjective] /:/ /=/ grusi (rus) *color, x1 is green/verdant [| adjective] /:/ /=/ crino (ri'o) *color, x1 is magenta/fuchsia/purplish-red [| adjective] /:/ /=/ nukni (nuk) *color, x1 is orange [| adjective] /:/ /=/ narju (naj) *color, x1 is purple/violet [| adjective] /:/ /=/ zirpu (zir zi'u) *color, x1 is red/crimson/ruddy [| adjective] /:/ /=/ xunre (xun xu'e) *color, x1 is white/very-light colored [| adjective] /:/ [pale forms of other colors are a compound of white; e.g. pink (= labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity)] /=/ blabi (lab) *color, x1 is yellow/golden [| adjective] /:/ /=/ pelxu (pel) &colored, x1 of skari *colors (bright |), x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in |, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)] /=/ carmi (cam cai) *colors (light |), x1 is white/very-light colored [color adjective] /:/ [pale forms of other | are a compound of white; e.g. pink (= labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity)] /=/ blabi (lab) *colors (pale |), x1 is dim/dull/pale/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [in |, indicates unsaturated, pastel, pale (though blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)] /=/ kandi (kad) *colt, x1 is a horse/equine/[|/mare/stallion/pony] of species/breed x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is equine/equestrian] /=/ xirma (xir xi'a) &column material, x2 of kamju &column, x1 of kamju *column, x1 is a |/pillar of material x2 /:/ [spine (= bo'urkamju), vertebra (= kamjybo'u)] /=/ kamju &comb material, x2 of komcu &comb tooth, x3 of komcu &comb, x1 of komcu *comb, x1 is a | [many-needled shape] of material x2 with tines/needles x3 /:/ /=/ komcu (kom) *combat, x1 fights/|-s/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/|-ant /:/ [use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective] /=/ damba (dab da'a) *combatant, x1 fights/combats/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/| /:/ [use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective] /=/ damba (dab da'a) *combats, x1 fights/|/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combatant /:/ [use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective] /=/ damba (dab da'a) *combines (agentive), x1 adds/| x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 (agent) augments x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jmina (min) *combining-form, x1 is an affix/suffix/prefix/| for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, language x4 /:/ /=/ rafsi (raf) *combustion (supporting |, of oxygen), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of oxygen (O); [metaphor: supporting life/|] /:/ /=/ kijno (kij) &combustion temperature, x2 of jelca *combusts, x1 bursts/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/| into pieces/energy/fragments x2 /:/ /=/ spoja (poj po'a) &come, x1 of klama *come, x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, |(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) *come, x1 |-s/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 /:/ [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ klama (kla) *comedian, x1 is funny/comical to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a | (= xampre, xamseljibri for a professional |)]; (x1 can be a person/object or an abstraction; be careful about possible sumti-raising) /=/ xajmi (xam) *comely, x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4 /:/ [also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, |, graceful] /=/ melbi (mel mle) *comes, x1 |/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 /:/ [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ klama (kla) *comeuppance, x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity) /:/ [also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/| (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna *comfort (feels |), x1 feels |/is comfortable with conditions/environmental property(ies) x2 /:/ /=/ kufra (kuf) *comfort (that which causes |), x2 of: x1 feels comfort/is comfortable with conditions/environmental property(ies) x2; x2 is a | to x1 /:/ /=/ kufra (kuf) &comfort, x1 of kufra &comfort, x2 of kufra &comfortable, x1 of kufra &comfortable, make | x2 of kufra *comfortable, x1 feels comfort/is | with conditions/environmental property(ies) x2 /:/ /=/ kufra (kuf) *comic, x1 is funny/|-al to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a comedian/| (= xampre, xamseljibri for a professional comedian/|)]; (x1 can be a person/object or an abstraction; be careful about possible sumti-raising) /=/ xajmi (xam) *comical, x1 is funny/| to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a comedian (= xampre, xamseljibri for a professional comedian)]; (x1 can be a person/object or an abstraction; be careful about possible sumti-raising) /=/ xajmi (xam) *command (something obeyed), x1 obeys/follows the |/rule x2 made by x3; (adjective:) x1 is obedient /:/ /=/ tinbe (tib) &command, x1 of minde *command, x1 issues |-s/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is |-ed to occur /:/ [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a |-er; |-ed (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) *commanded (a result that is ordered), x3 of: x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is | to occur /:/ [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; | (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) *commanded (receives a command/order), x2 of: x1 issues commands/orders to | x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur /:/ [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; | (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) &commanded, x2 of minde &commanded, result | x3 of minde *commander (issuer of commands), x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur /:/ [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a |; commanded (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) *commander (person in-charge), x1 is captain/|/leader/in-charge of vehicle/domain x2 /:/ /=/ jatna (ja'a) &commander obeyed, x3 of tinbe *commands, x1 issues |/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur /:/ [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) *commences, x1 [state/event/process] |/initiates/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb) /:/ /=/ cfari (cfa) &commended, x2 of zabna &comment subject, x2 of pinka &comment, x1 of pinka &comment, x3 of pinka &comment, make | x3 of pinka *comment, x1 (text) is a |/remark/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also: x3 comments/remarks/says x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)] /=/ pinka (pik) &commentary, x1 of pinka &commented on, x2 of pinka &commented to, x4 of pinka *comments (makes remarks), x3 of: x1 (text) is a comment/remark/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also: x3 |/remarks/says x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)] /=/ pinka (pik) *commercial, x1, x2 or x4 of: x1 exchanges/trades/barters commodity/service x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are | (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics) /=/ canja (caj) *commingling, x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/| with ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)] /=/ mixre (mix xre) *commits (promises), x1 (agent) promises/|/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim] /:/ /=/ nupre (nup nu'e) *commits aggression, x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/| upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) @commits, see "does"/"do", "acts"/"act" *committee (steering |), x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering | (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) &committee purpose, x2 of kamni &committee, x1 of kamni &committee, charter of a | x2 of kamni &committee, thing having | x3 of kamni *committee, x1 (mass) is a | with task/purpose x2 of body x3 /:/ [board of directors/trustees (= trukamni, gritrukamni)] /=/ kamni %committing aggression (an event of aggression), x1 is an aggression, an event of x2 (person/mass) attacking/invading/| upon victim x3 with goal/objective x4 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) *commodity (something sold), x2 of: x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/|] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a | (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for object/|, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/| (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) *commodity (something traded), x2 or x3 of: x1 exchanges/trades/barters |/service x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a | (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for object/|, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/| (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics) /=/ canja (caj) *commodity (| with a price), x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor/offeror x4 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/|, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)] /=/ jdima (di'a) &commodity of trade, x2 of canja &commodity of trade, x3 of canja %commodity, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u *common (instantiated/exemplified | property), x2 of: x1 is an example/sample/specimen/instance/case/illustration of | property(s) x2 of set x3 /:/ /=/ mupli (mup) *common (ordinary), x1 [member] is ordinary/|/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ [also: x2 is a normal/|/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)] /=/ fadni (fad) *common (property | to a group), x1 is group/cluster/team showing | property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 /:/ [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)] /=/ girzu (gir gri) *common (property |/universal to a set), x1 (property - ka) is |/general/universal among members of set x2 (complete set) /:/ /=/ kampu (kau) %common (very ignoble), x1 is |/low/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ tolno'i %common (vulgar/ignoble), x1 is |/low/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ nalno'i *common (| locus, juncture), x3 of: x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at | locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union /:/ [also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)] /=/ jorne (jon jo'e) &common property, set with | x2 of kampu &common, x1 of kampu %commoner, x1 is a |/non-elite/low-born/untitled/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ nalnolpre *commonly, x1 (event) often/frequently/|/customarily occurs/recurs by standard x2 /:/ /=/ cafne (caf) *communicate (use of a language), x1 is a/the language/dialect used by x2 to express/| x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote) /:/ [also tongue] /=/ bangu (ban bau) *communication (| system with node/station), x2 of: x1 is a station/node of/in/on transport/|/distribution system/network x2 /:/ [x2 may be represented by massed vehicles of system] /=/ tcana *communism, x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure | (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *community (mass of organisms), x1 is a |/colony of organisms x2 /:/ /=/ cecmu (cem ce'u) *community (| ashamed before), x2 of: x1 feels ashamed/mortified/humiliated under conditions x2 before |/audience x3 /:/ /=/ ckeji (kej cke) *community (| establishing ritual), x3 of: x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in | x3, with form/rules x4 /:/ [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs /=/ ritli (ri'i) *community (| governed by law), x3 of: x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for | x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5 /:/ [x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/licit/legalized/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)] /=/ flalu (fla) *community (| governed by rule, x3 of: x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/| x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) *community (| managing park), x2 of: x1 is a park/land reserve managed by |/polity/company x2 for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ panka *community (| privy to public resource), x1 is public/un-hidden/open/jointly available to/owned by all among | x2 (mass) /:/ /=/ gubni (gub) *community (| recognizing celebrity/fame), x2 of: x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among | of persons x2 (mass) /:/ [also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)] /=/ misno (mis mi'o) *community (| served by army), x2 of: x1 (mass) is an army serving group/| x2 (mass) in function x3 (activity) /:/ /=/ jenmi (jem jei) *community (| tending garden/field), x2 of: x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of family/|/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3 /:/ [orchard (= ricpurdi)] /=/ purdi (pud) &community with law, x3 of flalu &community with rite, x3 of ritli &community, x1 of cecmu &community, language | x2 of bangu &community, religious | x2 of cevni &community, those who live in | x2 of cecmu *companion, x1 is with/accompanies/is a | of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state) /:/ [x1 is together with/along with x2] /=/ kansa (kan) &company purpose, x3 of kagni &company, x1 of kagni &company, authorize | x2 of kagni *company, x1 is a |/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)] /=/ kagni (kag) &compare, x1 of karbi *compare, x1 [observer] |-s x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), determining |-ison x5 (state) /:/ /=/ karbi (kab) &compared with, x3 of karbi &compared, x2 of karbi &compared, property | x4 of karbi *compares (observer who |), x1 [observer] | x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), determining comparison x5 (state) /:/ /=/ karbi (kab) *comparison (order of | for sequence), x2 of: x1 [ordered set] is sequenced/ordered/listed by |/rules x2 on unordered set x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified) /=/ porsi (por poi) *comparison (result of comparing), x5 of: x1 [observer] compares x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), determining | x5 (state) /:/ /=/ karbi (kab) &comparison, x5 of karbi *compartment (sliding |), x1 is a drawer/file in structure x2, a [sliding |] container for contents x3 /:/ /=/ dacru (dac) *compatible, x1 fits/matches/suits/is |/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3 /:/ /=/ mapti (mat) *compel, x1 [force] (ka) forces/|-s event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest /:/ [also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)] /=/ bapli (bap bai) &compelled thing, x2 of bapli &compeller, x1 of bapli *compels, x1 [force] (ka) forces/| event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest /:/ [also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)] /=/ bapli (bap bai) *compensates, x1 pays/|/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) &compete, x1 of jivna *compete, x1 |-s/vies with opponent x2 in contest/|-ition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), |-itor(s), rival(s); x3 |-ition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) *competent, x1 is an expert/pro/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3 /:/ [also |, skilled] /=/ certu (cre) *competes, x1 |/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) *competition (contest), x3 of: x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/| x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 |, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) *competition (| won), x4 of: x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in | x4 /:/ [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; /=/ jinga (jig ji'a) &competition goal, x4 of jivna &competition won, x4 of jinga &competition, x3 of jivna &competition, beaten in | x3 of jinga *competitively (play |), x1 [agent] plays with plaything/toy x2 /:/ [play game (= ci'erkei), play | (= jvikei)] /=/ kelci (kel kei) *competitor (those who compete), x1 and x2 of: x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), |(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) &competitor, x3 of jinga &competitor, losing | x3 of jinga *competitors (| who lose), x3 of: x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [|/losers] in competition x4 /:/ [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 | here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; /=/ jinga (jig ji'a) &complain, x1 of pante *complains, x1 protests/objects to/| about x2 (event/state) to audience x3 with action x4 /:/ (x4 is an event or tu'a quotation) /=/ pante (pat) &complaint, x4 of pante &complement, x1 of sarxe &complemented, x2 of mapti &complemented, x2 of sarxe *complete (finished), x1 (event) is |/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 /:/ [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely] /=/ mulno (mul mu'o) *complete (whole, of a universe), x1 is a universe/cosmos [| and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 /:/ [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) &complete, x1 of mulno *completed, x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter /:/ [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fa'opru), x1 is | before x2 starts (= mu'opru)] /=/ purci (pur pru) *completely filled, x1 is full/| with x2 /:/ /=/ culno (clu) *completely, x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 /:/ [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, |, entirely] /=/ mulno (mul mu'o) *completes, x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/|/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) &completion property, x2 of mulno &completion standard, x3 of mulno *complex, x1 is |/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [also tangled, confused] /=/ pluja (luj) *complexity (| having structure), x2 of: x1 is a structure/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/|] /:/ (x2, if a set, is completely specified) /=/ stura (tur su'a) &complexity property, x2 of pluja &complexity standard, x3 of pluja &complicated, x1 of pluja *complicated, x1 is complex/|/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [also tangled, confused] /=/ pluja (luj) *component (part/piece), x1 is a part/|/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1 /:/ [partly (= selpau)] /=/ pagbu (pag pau) *component (| of a mixture), x2 of: x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/|/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)] /=/ mixre (mix xre) *component (| of a salad), x2 of: x1 (mass) is a quantity of salad [food] with ingredients/|-s including x2 /:/ [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/| of x1] /=/ salta *component (| of a sauce), x3 of: x1 is a sauce/topping/gravy/frosting for use with x2, containing ingredient(s) including x3 /:/ [x3 is in x1, an ingredient/part/| of sauce x1] /=/ sanso *component (| of a soup), x2 of: x1 is a quantity of soup/stew/olla/olio of ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/| of x1] /=/ stasu *component (| of plastic/polymer), x2 of: x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains plastic/polymer of type/| unit(s) x2 /:/ /=/ slasi (las) &component of mass, x2 of gunma *components (| of a mass), x2 of: x1 is a mass/team/aggregate/whole, together composed of | x2, considered jointly /:/ [A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) displayed by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individual set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily relevant to the mass property implicit in this bridi] /=/ gunma (gum) *components (| used to make something), x3 of: x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/| x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) &components, system | x3 of ciste *components, x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among |/elements x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] /=/ ciste (ci'e) *composed music, x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); | (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) *composes (creates/invents), x1 invents/creates/|/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4 /:/ [x1 is creative/inventive] /=/ finti (fin fi'i) *composite (composed of layers), x3 of: x1 is a layer/stratum [shape/form] of x2 [material] within structure/continuum/| x3 /:/ /=/ senta (set) &composition, x2 of marji &composition, acid | x2 of slami &composition, air | x3 of vacri &composition, alkali | x2 of jilka &composition, brass | x2 of lastu &composition, bronze | x2 of ransu &composition, ceramic | x3 of staku &composition, clay | x2 of kliti &composition, cream | x2 of kruji &composition, crystal | x2 of krili &composition, dirt | x3 of dertu &composition, fog | x2 of bumru &composition, gas | x2 of gapci &composition, glass | x2 of blaci &composition, ice | x2 of bisli &composition, jelly | x2 of jduli &composition, liquid | x2 of litki &composition, metal | x2 of jinme &composition, paste | x2 of pesxu &composition, rubber | x3 of ckabu &composition, salt | x3 of silna &composition, sand | x3 of canre &composition, soap | x3 of zbabu &composition, solid | x2 of sligu &composition, starch | x3 of jalna &composition, steel | x2 of gasta &composition, sugar | x3 of sakta *compound predicate word, x1 (text) is a | with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4 /:/ /=/ lujvo (luv jvo) &compound predicate, x1 of lujvo &compound, affix | x1 of lujvo &compound, argument of affix | x3 of lujvo &compound, meaning of affix | x2 of lujvo &compound, metaphor of affix | x4 of lujvo &compound, phrase | x1 of tanru *comprehend, x1 understands/|-s fact/truth x2 (du'u) about subject x3; x1 understands (fi) x3 /:/ /=/ jimpe (jmi) *comprehends, x1 understands/| fact/truth x2 (du'u) about subject x3; x1 understands (fi) x3 /:/ /=/ jimpe (jmi) *comprehensively (of a universe), x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 /:/ [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which | encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) @comprehensively, see also "complete", "full" *comprise (members, of a group), x3 of: x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 /:/ [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) | group x1; cluster (= kangri)] /=/ girzu (gir gri) *comprised of (of a group), x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 /:/ [also collection, team, |, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)] /=/ girzu (gir gri) *comprising, x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 /:/ [also collection, team, comprised of, |; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)] /=/ girzu (gir gri) &computer purpose, x2 of skami &computer, x1 of skami *computer, x1 is a | for purpose x2 /:/ /=/ skami (sam) *computes (calculates), x1 calculates/reckons/| x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4 /:/ /=/ kanji (kaj) *computes (computer), x1 | for purpose x2 /:/ /=/ skami (sam) *concave (of a dish), x1 is a plate/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly | food service bed] made of material x2 /:/ /=/ palta *concave (of a hollow place), x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is | within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1 /:/ [also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)] /=/ kevna (kev ke'a) *concavity, x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1 /:/ [also pit, depression, |; hollow (= selke'a)] /=/ kevna (kev ke'a) *concealing (of a cover), x1 is a cover/[lid/top] for covering/|/sheltering x2 /:/ /=/ gacri (gai) *conceals, x1 keeps x2 secret/hidden from x3 by method x4; x2 is a secret; x1 hides/| x2 /:/ [intransitive hidden/secret, without an agent (= selcri or nalterju'o); secret (= selmipri)] /=/ mipri (mip) *concentrated, x1 is dense/|/packed/intense in property x2 (ka) at location/locus x3 /:/ /=/ denmi (dem) *concept (assigned meaning of an affix/combining-form), x2 of: x1 is an affix/suffix/prefix/combining-form for word/| x2, form/properties x3, language x4 /:/ /=/ rafsi (raf) *concept (existing in the imagination), x1 [|] exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is unreal (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not imply that it doesn't exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so that one can talk about imaginary things without claiming that they thereby really exist] /=/ xanri (xar) *concept (idea), x1 (idea abstract) is an idea/|/thought about x2 (object/abstract) by thinker x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is ideal/ideational] /=/ sidbo (sib si'o) *concept (| thought about), x2 of: x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/| x2 /:/ [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)] /=/ pensi (pes pei) *conceptual (| shape/form), x1 [ideal] is the | shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)] /=/ tarmi (tam tai) *concern (matter which pertains to someone), x1 is an affair/matter/|/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (individual/mass); x1 is x2's business /:/ [x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu'u for reordered places)] /=/ cuntu (cu'u) &concerned, x2 of nabmi *concerns, x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/|/is related/associated with/is about x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2] /=/ srana (ra'a) *concluding (effect of logic), x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/|/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u) /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical] /=/ logji (loj) *conclusion (| of antecedent), x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/| of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) /:/ [also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)] /=/ jalge (jag ja'e) &conclusion, x2 of logji *concord (in |), x1 is harmonious/concordant/in agreement/| with x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ sarxe (sax) *concordant, x1 is harmonious/|/in agreement/concord with x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ sarxe (sax) *concrete (| example of a concept), x2 of: x1 (si'o) is abstracted/generalized/idealized from x2 [something |] by rules x3 /:/ /=/ sucta (suc) *concurrent, x1 or x2 of: x1 is current at/in the present of/during/|/simultaneous with x2 in time /:/ [time relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] /=/ cabna (cab) *condemns, x1 curses/damns/| x2 to fate (event) x3 /:/ [curse with a specific expression (= dapsku)] /=/ dapma (dap) &condensate, x1 of lunsa *condensate, x1 condenses/liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/| on x2 /:/ /=/ lunsa (lus) &condensation point, x3 of lunsa &condensation pressure, x4 of lunsa &condensation site, x2 of lunsa &condense, x1 of lunsa *condense, x1 |-s/liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/|-ate on x2 /:/ /=/ lunsa (lus) *condenses, x1 |/liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/condensate on x2 /:/ /=/ lunsa (lus) *condiment, x1 is a seasoning/|/spice causing flavor/effect x2 (event/property) /:/ [also: x1 flavors x2 (tu'a)] /=/ tsapi *condition (material |), x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [x1 is a material | for x2; x1 gives rise to x2] /=/ rinka (rik ri'a) *condition (medical |), x3 of: x1 is a hospital treating patient(s) x2 for |/injuries/disease/illness x3 /:/ [hospice (a place where x2 of spita is lenu mrobi'o = mrospita)] /=/ spita *condition (medical |, something treated/cured), x3 of: x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for | x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) *condition (necessary |), x1 (abstract) is necessary/required for continuing state/process x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also factually necessary, necessity, prerequisite, |, precondition] /=/ sarcu (sa'u) *condition (situation), x1 [state/property] is a situation/|/state/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2 /:/ [characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary] /=/ tcini *condition (| in which companions are accompanying), x3 of: x1 is with/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in state/|/enterprise x3 (event/state) /:/ [x1 is together with/along with x2] /=/ kansa (kan) *condition (| permitted), x2 of: x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2 /:/ [sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits a | (= tcinycru)] /=/ curmi (cru) *condition (| stubbornly resisted/opposed), x2 of: x1 is stubborn/willfully opposing/resisting x2 about x3 (event/state) /:/ [x2 may be a person, a state or |, or a force; the essence is willful resistance] /=/ xarnu &condition, automaticity | x3 of zmiku &condition, covered | x3 of binra &condition, difficulty | x3 of nandu &condition, likelihood | x2 of lakne &condition, medical | x3 of spita &condition, nervousness | x3 of xanka &condition, permission | x3 of curmi &condition, possibility | x2 of cumki &condition, randomness | x2 of cunso &condition, replacement | x3 of basti &condition, sufficiency | x3 of banzu &conditional, x3 of nitcu &conditions for law, x4 of flalu &conditions of becoming, x3 of binxo &conditions, ability | x3 of kakne &conditions, behavior | x3 of tarti &conditions, causation | x3 of rinka &conditions, color | x4 of skari &conditions, constancy | x3 of stodi &conditions, custom | x3 of tcaci &conditions, disgust | x3 of rigni &conditions, easiness | x3 of frili &conditions, error | x3 of srera &conditions, firmness | x3 of jdari &conditions, freedom | x3 of zifre &conditions, gas | x3 of gapci &conditions, liquidity | x3 of litki &conditions, loss | x3 of cirko &conditions, manual | x3 of macnu &conditions, method | x3 of tadji &conditions, morality | x3 of marde &conditions, necessity | x3 of sarcu &conditions, observing | x4 of zgana &conditions, offer | x4 of friti &conditions, peril | x3 of ckape &conditions, pleasing | x3 of pluka &conditions, power | x3 of vlipa &conditions, problem | x3 of nabmi &conditions, radiation | x3 of dirce &conditions, reaction | x4 of frati &conditions, seeing | x3 of viska &conditions, seeming | x4 of simlu &conditions, sensing | x4 of ganse &conditions, softness | x3 of ranti &conditions, solidity | x3 of sligu &conditions, solution | x4 of runta &conditions, stiffness | x4 of tinsa &conditions, ticket | x4 of pikta &conditions, variance | x4 of cenba &conditions, viscosity | x2 of viknu %conditions, x1 is a vision, an event of x2 viewing/seeing/perceiving visually x3 under | x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived] /=/ nunvi'a &conditions, yield | x3 of randa *conducive, x1 is fertile/| for supporting the growth/development of x2; x1 is fruitful/prolific /:/ [also fecund (note that the Lojban covers both potential and actual/realized fertility)] /=/ ferti (fre) &conduct, code of | x3 of bilga *conduct, x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 /:/ [also practice/way/mode; style/manner/| (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)] /=/ tadji *conductor (electrical |), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of copper (Cu); [metaphor: reddish, electrical |] /:/ /=/ tunka (tuk) *conductor (| of an orchestra/band), x3 of: x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 |; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) *conducts (behaves), x1 behaves/| oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is behavioral] /=/ tarti (tra) *conducts (guides), x1 (person/object/event) guides/|/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) *conducts (manages), x1 has control over/harnesses/manages/directs/| x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance) /:/ [x2 are aspects/individuals controlled within activity/event x3; manage (= selzu'etro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)] /=/ jitro (tro) &cone material, x2 of konju &cone of conifer, x3 of ckunu &cone vertex, x3 of konju &cone, x1 of konju *cone, x1 is a | [shape/form] of material x2 with vertex x3 /:/ [also ellipse, ellipsoid (= konclupa)] /=/ konju (kon ko'u) *cone, x1 is a |-ifer/pine/fir of species/strain x2 with |-s x3 /:/ /=/ ckunu (ku'u) *cones (of conifer), x3 of: x1 is a conifer/pine/fir of species/strain x2 with | x3 /:/ /=/ ckunu (ku'u) &confidant, x2 of sivni *confidential, x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/|/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden /:/ [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)] /=/ sivni (siv) *confined (of a prisoner), x1 is a prisoner/captive of x2, restrained/held/| by means/force x3 /:/ /=/ pinfu (pif) *confined (privy/restricted), x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/|] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden /:/ [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)] /=/ sivni (siv) *confined (| to specific locus), x1 is local to x2; x1 is | to locus x2 within range x3 /:/ [indicates a specific location/value within a range; e.g. a hits b. What is the locality on b that a hits?] /=/ diklo (klo) *confinement (limit), x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/border/[|] of x2 in property/domain x3 /:/ [restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)] /=/ jimte (jit) @confinement (| of a prisoner) is "tu'a te pinfu", a locative element within an abstraction in the x3 place of pinfu, or consider metaphor "prisoner-container" (= pifyvau), "prisoner-(se)-at" (= pifselzva) @confinement, see also "restraint" *confiscates (removes), x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, |; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) *confiscates (takes/seizes), x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also |, appropriates]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied] /=/ lebna (leb le'a) *confused (complicated), x1 is complex/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [also tangled, |] /=/ pluja (luj) &confused, x2 of cfipu *confuses (event affecting an observer), x1 (event/state) |/baffles x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ cfipu (fi'u) *confuses (gets perplexed, of an observer), x2 of: x1 (event/state) confuses/baffles x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka) /:/ [also x2 | x1] /=/ cfipu (fi'u) &confusing property, x3 of cfipu &confusing, x1 of cfipu *confusing, x1 (event/state) confuses/baffles x2 [observer] due to [|] property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ cfipu (fi'u) &congregation, x2 of lijda *congruent (equal), x1 is equal/| to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)] /=/ dunli (dun du'i) *congruent (parallelling), x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 /:/ [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[|]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra &conifer species, x2 of ckunu &conifer, x1 of ckunu &conifer, cone of | x3 of ckunu *conifer, x1 is a |/pine/fir of species/strain x2 with cones x3 /:/ /=/ ckunu (ku'u) *conjectures, x1 guesses/|/surmises x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [also: x1 has a hunch that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is true; words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ smadi &conjunct, 1st | x2 of kanxe &conjunct, 2nd | x3 of kanxe *conjunction (logical), x1 is a logical |, stating that x2 (du'u) and x3 (du'u) are both true /:/ /=/ kanxe (kax) &conjunction, x1 of kanxe *connection (network |), x1 is a nerve/neuron [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: information/control network |] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is neural] /=/ nirna (nir) *connects (fastens), x1 (agent) fastens/|/attaches x2 to x3 with fastener x4 /:/ [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached] /=/ lasna (la'a) *connects (of a route), x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely | origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) *connects to (is joined to), x1 is joined to/|/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union /:/ [also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)] /=/ jorne (jon jo'e) *connotation (derogative |), x1 is a derogative |/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in form x1 /:/ [bloody (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn] /=/ mabla (mal) *connotation (favorable/amelorative |), x1 is a favorable |/sense/way-of-looking-at x2 used by x3 /:/ /=/ zabna (zan za'a) *connotation (implied/suggested meaning), x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), | (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) *conscience, x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (individual/mass) about situation x3 /:/ [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also | (= sezmarde)] /=/ marde (mad) *conscious (awake), (adjective:) x1 is awake/alert/| /:/ /=/ cikna (cik) *conscious (aware/discerning of), x1 is |/aware of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/recognizes x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also: x1 knows [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies some amount of mental processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, and may also be applied to mental relationships that are not detected by the senses] /=/ sanji (saj) &conscious, x1 of sanji &consciousness, object of | x2 of sanji *consciousness, x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[|] of body x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so'i menli)] /=/ menli (men) &consequence, x2 of krinu *consequence, x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/| of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) /:/ [also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)] /=/ jalge (jag ja'e) *consequence, x1 (action/event/state) is a result/|/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) /:/ [also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)] /=/ jalge (jag ja'e) *consideration (requires |), x1 (event/state) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3 /:/ [also: x1 requires | by x2] /=/ nabmi (nam) &considered, x2 of pensi @considers, see also "opines" *considers, x1 thinks/|/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 /:/ [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)] /=/ pensi (pes pei) @consistency, see also "texture", "thick" *consistent, x1 is constant/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3 /:/ [also stable/|/steadfast/firm/steady] /=/ stodi (sto) &constancy conditions, x3 of stodi &constant [adj], x1 of stodi &constant property, x2 of stodi *constant, x1 is |/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3 /:/ [also stable/consistent/steadfast/firm/steady] /=/ stodi (sto) *constrain (| within limits), x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 /:/ [restrain/| within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)] /=/ jimte (jit) *constrained, x1 is restrained/held [back]/|/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) *constrains (of a force), x1 [force] (ka) forces/compels event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest /:/ [also |; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)] /=/ bapli (bap bai) *constrains (prevents), x1 prevents/keeps/stops/restrains/| event x2 from occurring /:/ /=/ fanta *constrains (restrains), x2 of: x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/| x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) *constraints (| on a ritual), x4 of: x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 /:/ [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 |/customs /=/ ritli (ri'i) *consul, x1 is a diplomat/| representing polity x2 in/at negotiation x3 for function/purpose x4 /:/ [(for) x3 polity, (use tu'a); also ambassador (= raljansu, trujansu)] /=/ jansu (jas) &consumed, x2 of xaksu *consumer (purchaser at a price), x3 of: x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/| x3 set by vendor/offeror x4 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)] /=/ jdima (di'a) *consumes (eats), x1 eats/ingests/| (transitive verb) x2 /:/ /=/ citka (cti) *consumes (uses up, of an event), x1 (event) uses up/depletes/|/[wastes] x2 [resource] /:/ [waste (= fesxaksu, dusxaksu)] /=/ xaksu (xak) *contact (as a basis for friction), x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to |/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 /:/ [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)] /=/ mosra (mos) *contact (in | with), x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in | with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 /:/ [also touching, contiguous, against] /=/ lamji (lam la'i) &contain class, x2 of klesi &contain island, x3 of daplu &contain, x1 of vasru &contain, x2 of nenri *contain, x1 |-s/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel |-ing x2 /:/ [also accommodates, |-er; |-ment need not be total; x2 is [|-ed] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)] /=/ vasru (vas vau) &contained, x2 of vasru *contained, x2 of: x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2 /:/ [also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [|] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)] /=/ vasru (vas vau) *container (book as | of a work), x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ [x1 is a manifestation/| [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) *container (closable |), x1 is a bottle/jar/urn/flask/closable | for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4 /:/ /=/ botpi (bot bo'i) *container (deep |), x1 is a pot/kettle/urn/tub/sink, a deep | for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ patxu (pax) *container (empty |), x1 [|] is empty/vacant of x2 [material]; x1 is hollow /:/ [also vacuum (= kunti be roda/so'ada)] /=/ kunti (kut) *container (flat |), x1 is a tray/platter/flat | [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable] /=/ palne *container (general term: vessel), x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2 /:/ [also accommodates, |; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)] /=/ vasru (vas vau) *container (housing for a drawer), x2 of: x1 is a drawer/file in structure x2, a [sliding compartment] | for contents x3 /:/ /=/ dacru (dac) *container (sealed |), x1 is a can/tightly sealed/pre-sealed | for perishable contents x2, made of x3 /:/ /=/ lante *container (shallow |), x1 is a pan/basin/tub/sink, a shallow | for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ [also bowl] /=/ tansi (tas) *container (storage |), x3 of: x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 /:/ [x3 need not be a |, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2] /=/ sorcu (soc sro) *container (wide-topped |), x1 is a bucket/pail/can/deep, solid, wide-topped | of contents x2, made of material x3 /:/ /=/ baktu *container (| drank out of), x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of |/source x3 /:/ /=/ pinxe (pix) &container for stores, x3 of sorcu @container, see also "basket", "box", "cup", "sack", "bundle", "pocket" *containing (book |), x1 is a book | work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) *containing (bundle |), x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] | x2, held together by x3 /:/ /=/ bakfu (baf) *containing (container |), x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel | x2 /:/ [also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)] /=/ vasru (vas vau) *containing (cup |), x1 is a cup/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] | contents x2, and of material x3 /:/ [a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not] /=/ kabri *containment (container), x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2 /:/ [also accommodates, container; | need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)] /=/ vasru (vas vau) *containment (encirclement), x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total | in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) *containment (total |), x1 is in/inside/within x2; x1 is on the inside/interior of x2 [totally within the bounds of x2] /:/ [indicates total |]; (cf. se vasru (for | that need not be total)) /=/ nenri (ner ne'i) *containment (| for a store/supply), x3 of: x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in | x3 /:/ [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2] /=/ sorcu (soc sro) *contaminant (clean of |), x1 (object) is clean/pure of material/|/dirt x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ jinsa (jis) *contaminant (| removed by washing), x2 of: x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of soil/| x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4 /:/ [agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)] /=/ lumci (lum lu'i) *contends (| against), x1 opposes/balances/|/resists against opponent(s) x2 (person/force individual/mass) about x3 (abstract) /:/ /=/ fapro (fap pro) *content (| of a book), x2 of: x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/|, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) *content (| of a letter), x4 of: x1 is a letter/missive/[note] to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with | x4 /:/ (cf. notci, which has places in a different order; the emphasis in xatra is on the communication between author and recipient, and not the |, which in a letter may not easily be categorized to a 'subject') /=/ xatra (xa'a) *content (| of a message), x2 of: x1 is a message/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4 /:/ [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended' audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for '|'); reminder/memo/note (= mojnoi)] /=/ notci (not noi) *content (| of a periodical), x2 of: x1 is a journal/periodical/magazine/[newspaper] with | x2 published by x3 for audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a subject, but not all journals have a single subject; all have some sort of principle defining what is included, so this need not be a list] /=/ karni &content, letter | x4 of xatra &contention, x3 of bradi &contention, in | x3 of damba &contention, in | x3 of fapro &contention, in | x3 of jamna *contents (| of a basket), x2 of: x1 is a basket with | x2, woven from material x3 /:/ /=/ lanka *contents (| of a box), x2 of: x1 is a box/carton/trunk/crate for | x2, and made of material x3 /:/ /=/ tanxe (tax ta'e) *contents (| of a bucket), x2 of: x1 is a bucket/pail/can/deep, solid, wide-topped container of | x2, made of material x3 /:/ /=/ baktu *contents (| of a can), x2 of: x1 is a can/tightly sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable | x2, made of x3 /:/ /=/ lante *contents (| of a container), x2 of: x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes | x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2 /:/ [also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)] /=/ vasru (vas vau) *contents (| of a cup), x2 of: x1 is a cup/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing | x2, and of material x3 /:/ [a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not] /=/ kabri *contents (| of a drawer/file), x3 of: x1 is a drawer/file in structure x2, a [sliding compartment] container for | x3 /:/ /=/ dacru (dac) *contents (| of a pan), x2 of: x1 is a pan/basin/tub/sink, a shallow container for | x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ [also bowl] /=/ tansi (tas) *contents (| of a pot), x2 of: x1 is a pot/kettle/urn/tub/sink, a deep container for | x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ patxu (pax) *contents (| of a sack), x2 of: x1 is a sack/bag with | x2, and of material x3 /:/ /=/ dakli *contents (| of a tray), x2 of: x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of | x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable] /=/ palne *contents (| of an oven), x2 of: x1 is an oven [enclosure that heats its |] for baking/heating/drying x2 /:/ /=/ toknu (tok) &contents of a bundle, x2 of bakfu &contents of bottle, x2 of botpi &contents of sack, x2 of dakli &contents, x2 of vasru &contents, basket | x2 of lanka &contents, box | x2 of tanxe &contents, bucket | x2 of baktu &contents, can | x2 of lante &contents, cup | x2 of kabri &contents, drawer | x3 of dacru &contents, pan | x2 of tansi &contents, pot | x2 of patxu &contents, tray | x2 of palne &contest, x3 of jivna *contest, x3 of: x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in |/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) *context (environment), x1 (individual/mass) is part of an environment/surroundings/|/ambience of x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is ambient] /=/ vanbi (vab) &context, politeness | x2 of clite @context, see also "conditions", "environment", "surroundings", "situation" *contiguous, x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 /:/ [also touching, |, against] /=/ lamji (lam la'i) &contingent, x2 of sarcu &continue, x1 of ranji *continue, x1 (event/state) |-s/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is |-ous over x2 /:/ /=/ ranji (ra'i) *continue, x1 ranges/extends/|-s/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) *continues, x1 (event/state) |/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is continuous over x2 /:/ /=/ ranji (ra'i) *continues, x1 ranges/extends/|/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) *continuing (| after a pause), x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/| x4 (activity/process) /:/ [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4] /=/ denpa (dep de'a) *continuing (| after starting before), x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter /:/ [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is | during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fa'opru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mu'opru)] /=/ purci (pur pru) &continuity interval, x2 of ranji *continuous (| over interval), x1 (event/state) continues/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is | over x2 /:/ /=/ ranji (ra'i) *continuum (having layers), x3 of: x1 is a layer/stratum [shape/form] of x2 [material] within structure/|/composite x3 /:/ /=/ senta (set) *contraction (periodic |, as a tide), x1 is a tide [cyclical/periodic expansion/|] in x2 caused by x3 /:/ /=/ ctaru *contracts, x1 (experiencer) decreases/|/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jdika &contradicted, x2 of natfe *contradicts, x1 (du'u) |/denies/refutes/negates x2 (du'u) under rules/logic x3 /:/ [also exception (= nafmupli); agentive contradicts/denies (= nafxu'a or nalselxu'a or tolxu'a) /=/ natfe (naf na'e) *contrary (ironical), x1 is ironic(al)/| to expectation x2 in state/property/aspect x3 /:/ /=/ ranxi (rax) *contrary (polar opposite), x1 is polar opposite from/| to x2 in property/on scale x3 (property/si'o) /:/ /=/ dukti (dut) *contrasts, x1 differs/is distinct from/| with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [also other-than (less common meaning)] /=/ frica (fic) *control (brain as metaphor for menatl |), x1 is a/the brain [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: intelligence, mental |] /:/ [also cerebral] /=/ besna (ben) *control (has | over/manages/harnesses), x1 has | over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance) /:/ [x2 are aspects/individuals controlled within activity/event x3; manage (= selzu'etro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)]; (cf. gidva - which does not necessarily | or command) /=/ jitro (tro) *control (has |/mastery/power), x1 has the power to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3 /:/ [also potent, has |/mastery] /=/ vlipa (vli) *control (neuron as metaphor for | network), x1 is a nerve/neuron [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: information/| network connection] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is neural] /=/ nirna (nir) &control apparatus, x3 of cabra &control, x1 of jitro &controled by muscle, x2 of sluji *controlled (harnessed/managed), x1 has control over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance) /:/ [x2 are aspects/individuals | within activity/event x3; manage (= selzu'etro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)] /=/ jitro (tro) *controlled (of an apparatus), x1 is apparatus/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 |/[triggered] by x3 (agent) /:/ [form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)] /=/ cabra (ca'a) *controlled (of territory), x1 is territory/domain/space of/belonging to/| by x2 /:/ /=/ tutra (tut) &controlled activity, x3 of jitro *controlled falling, x1 dives/swoops [manner of |] to x2 from x3 /:/ /=/ sfubu (sub su'u) &controlled, x2 of jitro *controller (of an apparatus), x3 of: x1 is apparatus/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by | x3 (agent) /:/ [form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)] /=/ cabra (ca'a) *controller (of territory), x1 is territory/domain/space of/belonging to/controlled by | x2 /:/ /=/ tutra (tut) *controlling (muscle |), x1 is a/the muscle [body-part] | x2, of body x3; [metaphor: tools of physical power] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is muscular] /=/ sluji (slu) &controls territory, x2 of tutra *convection, x1 (object, or event: force) stirs/mixes/[roils/agitates] fluid (gas/liquid) x2 /:/ [| (= nenflejicla); agentive stirring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)] /=/ jicla *convention (theme of a movie), x2: x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a | rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) *convention (theme of a play), x2: x1 is a drama/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with actors x5 /:/ [x2 may also be a |] /=/ draci *convention (theme of a poem), x2: x1 is a poem/verse about plot/theme/subject/pattern x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a | rather than a subject] /=/ pemci (pem) *convention (theme of a story), x2: x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a | rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author] /=/ lisri (lis) *convention (theme of a work of fiction), x2: x1 is a work of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under | x2 by author x3 /:/ [also story, lie, untrue] /=/ cfika (fik fi'a) *convention (theme of prose), x2: x1 is prose about plot/theme/subject x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [non-poetic written text, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a | rather than a subject] /=/ prosa (ros ro'a) *convention (| governing marriage), x3 of: x1 is married to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under law/custom/tradition/system/| x3 /:/ /=/ speni (spe) *convention (| governing mathematical expression), x2 of: x1 [quantifier/expression] is a mathematical expression interpreted under rules/| x2 /:/ /=/ mekso (mek me'o) %conversation, x1 is an event of x2(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discussing/talking about topic/subject x3 /:/ [also x1 is a chat/|/discussion/palaver] /=/ nunsnu *converse (discuss), x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about topic/subject x2 /:/ [also chat, |] /=/ casnu (snu) *converse (talk with others), x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4 /:/ [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); |/discuss/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)] /=/ tavla (tav ta'a) *conversion (| from fractions to decimal notation), x1 (me'o) is the [decimal/binary] equivalent of fractional x2 (me'o) in base x3 (quantity) /:/ [| from fractions to decimal-point based notation] /=/ saclu *converts (becomes), x1 becomes/changes/|/transforms into x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [resultative, not-necessarily causal, change] /=/ binxo (bix bi'o) *converts (modifies), x1 (event) modifies/alters/changes/transforms/| x2 into x3 /:/ [causal, resultative change; agentive modify (= gafygau, gafyzu'e)] /=/ galfi (gaf ga'i) *convexity, x1 is a swelling/protrusion/| [shape/form] at/in/on x2, of material x3 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is swollen] /=/ punli (pul) *conviction (has |), x1 believes [without objective/external evidence/proof] that belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3 /:/ [also gives credence, has |] /=/ krici (kri) *convinced, x1 is certain/sure/positive/| that x2 is true /:/ /=/ birti (bit) &cook, x1 of jukpa *cook, x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process) /:/ [| with heat (= glajukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)] /=/ jukpa (jup) *cooked (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 is delicious/tasty/delightful to observer/sense x2 [person, or sensory activity] /:/ [x1 is a delicacy] /=/ kukte (kuk) &cooked in oven, x2 of toknu &cooked, x2 of jukpa &cooking method, x3 of jukpa *cooks, x1 |/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process) /:/ [cook with heat (= glajukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)] /=/ jukpa (jup) *cool, x1 is cold/| by standard x2 /:/ /=/ lenku (lek) *cooperative, x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, |, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) *coordinates, x1 is an address of/are | of x2 in system x3 /:/ /=/ judri &coparent, x3 of rorci *coparent, x1 engenders/procreates/begets x2 with | x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) &copied, x2 of fukpi *copper (in brass), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of brass [|/zinc alloy] of composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is brazen)] /=/ lastu &copper, x1 of tunka *copper, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of | (Cu); [metaphor: reddish, electrical conductor] /:/ /=/ tunka (tuk) *coppery, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of copper (Cu); [metaphor: |, electrical conductor] /:/ /=/ tunka (tuk) &copulate, x1 of gletu *copulate, x1 |-s/fucks/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2 /:/ [x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)] /=/ gletu (let gle) &copulated with, x2 of gletu *copulates, x1 |/fucks/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2 /:/ [x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)] /=/ gletu (let gle) © medium, x3 of fukpi ©, x1 of fukpi *copy, x1 is a |/replica/duplicate/clone of x2 in form/medium x3 made by method x4 (event) /:/ /=/ fukpi (fuk fu'i) ©ing method, x4 of fukpi *coral, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sponge/porous material /:/ [also metaphorically used for |, Swiss cheese] /=/ panje &cord material, x2 of skori &cord, x1 of skori *cord, x1 is |/cable/rope/line/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2 /:/ /=/ skori (sko) *cordage, x1 is cord/cable/rope/line/twine/|/woven strands of material x2 /:/ /=/ skori (sko) *cords (tangled |), x2 of: x1 is a knot/tangle in/between x2 (object/jo'u-objects) /:/ [knot (verb = jgegau, jgezu'e, jgeri'a, jgela'a), knot: fastening between two or more | (= jgeterjo'e)] /=/ jgena (jge) &cork source, x2 of korka &cork, x1 of korka *cork, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of |/bark from tree/species x2; [material] /:/ /=/ korka (kok) *corkscrew (sound clue not identical in meaning), (adjective:) x1 is bent/crooked/not straight or direct/[twisted]/folded /:/ /=/ korcu (kro) *corn, x1 is a quantity of maize/| [grain] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ zumri (zmu) *corn, x1 is grain/[British: |]/cereal from plant/species x2 /:/ /=/ gurni (gru) *corner (planar angle), x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 |; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)] /=/ jganu (jga) *corner (solid angle), x1 is a |/point/at-least-3-dimensional [solid] angle [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3 /:/ [also apex; a | exists on three dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some direction; i.e. in some planar cross-section] /=/ kojna (koj ko'a) &corner material, x3 of kojna &corner, x1 of kojna &corner, x2 of kurfa &corner, thing having | x2 of kojna *corporal (of a body/corpus), x1 is a/the body/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is |/corporeal /:/ /=/ xadni (xad) *corporation, x1 is a company/|/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)] /=/ kagni (kag) *corporeal, x1 is a/the body/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/| /:/ /=/ xadni (xad) *corpse, x1 is a/the body/corpus/| of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal /:/ /=/ xadni (xad) *corpus, x1 is a/the body/|/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal /:/ /=/ xadni (xad) *correct (proper), x1 is |/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ drani (dra) *correct (punish), x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state) /:/ [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, | (one sense); also x4 penalty] /=/ sfasa (sfa) &correct, x1 of drani &correctness situation, x3 of drani &correctness standard, x4 of drani &correctness, x2 of drani *correspondence (letter), x1 is a letter/missive/[note]/| to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with content x4 /:/ (cf. notci, which has places in a different order; the emphasis in xatra is on the communication between author and recipient, and not the content, which in a | may not easily be categorized to a 'subject') /=/ xatra (xa'a) *correspondence (parallelism), x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 /:/ [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/| across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra *correspondence (sound |), x4 of: x1 rhymes/alliterates with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching sound | x4 (ka) /:/ [broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound |] /=/ rimni (rim) *corresponds, x1 fits/matches/suits/is compatible/appropriate/| to/with x2 in property/aspect x3 /:/ /=/ mapti (mat) *corridor, x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 /:/ [also |; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it] /=/ klaji (laj) *cosmos, x1 is a universe/| [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 /:/ [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) *cost (amount exchanged in sale transaction), x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/|/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (see note at jdima on |/price/value distinction) /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) *cost (amount in cents/minor money units), x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/|/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) *cost (amount in dollars/pounds/major money units), x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 /:/ [also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/|/value] /=/ rupnu (rup ru'u) *cost (price set by seller), x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor/offeror x4 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as |/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)]; (cf. vamji for 'value', ve vecnu for '|') /=/ jdima (di'a) &cost, sale | x4 of vecnu %cost, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u &costliness standard, x3 of kargu &costly, x1 of kargu &costly, find | x2 of kargu *costly, x1 (object/commodity/property/event) is |/expensive/dear to x2 by standard x3 /:/ [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erkargu for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ kargu &cotton, x1 of mapni *cotton, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | [type of fabric/material] /:/ /=/ mapni *couch, x1 is a sofa/| [noun] /:/ /=/ sfofa (sfo) &cough, x1 of kafke *cough, x1 |-s/farts/burps up/out x2 [predominantly gaseous] from orifice x3 /:/ /=/ kafke &coughed from, orifice | x3 of kafke &coughed up, x2 of kafke @coughs up (predominantly liquid or solid), see "vomit" *coughs, x1 |/farts/burps up/out x2 [predominantly gaseous] from orifice x3 /:/ /=/ kafke *count (quantity on scale), x1 is a quantity/| quantified/measured/enumerated by x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si'o) /:/ /=/ klani (lai) *count (value result of counting), x3 of: x1 (agent) counts the number in set x2 to be x3 [number/|] counting [off] by units x4 /:/ (x2 is complete set) /=/ kancu (kac) &count, x1 of kancu &count, x3 of kancu &count, repeat | x2 of rapli &counted, number | x3 of kancu &counted, set | x2 of kancu @counter (one who counts), see "counts" *counter (shelf), x1 is a shelf/|/bar in/on/attached to supporting object x2, for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ kajna &counter, x1 of kancu *counting by, x1 (agent) counts the number in set x2 to be x3 [number/count] | [off] by units x4 /:/ (x2 is complete set) /=/ kancu (kac) *counting off, x1 (agent) counts the number in set x2 to be x3 [number/count] | [off] by units x4 /:/ (x2 is complete set) /=/ kancu (kac) &counting units, x4 of kancu *country (rural), x1 is a rural/rustic/pastoral area of x2; x1 is in the | /:/ /=/ nurma (num) *country (territory of a people), x1 is the | of peoples x2 with land/territory x3; (people/territory relationship) /:/ [also sovereignty, domestic (as opposed to foreign), nation (when not referring to ethos)] /=/ gugde (gug gu'e) &country, x1 of gugde &country, people of | x2 of gugde &country, territory of | x3 of gugde &countrymen, x2 of gugde *counts on, x1 relies/depends/|/trusts x2 to bring about/ensure/maintain x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ lacri (lac) *counts, x1 (agent) | the number in set x2 to be x3 [number/count] counting [off] by units x4 /:/ (x2 is complete set) /=/ kancu (kac) *courageous, x1 is brave/valiant/| in activity x2 (event) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ virnu (vri) *course (part of a meal), x1 (mass) is a meal composed of dishes including x2 /:/ [x2 is a |/dish of meal x1 (= selsai for reordered places)] /=/ sanmi (sai) *course (route), x1 is a route/path/way/|/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) *courted, x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/| by x2 (= cinfri)] /=/ cinse (cin) *courteous, x1 is polite/|/civil in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3 /:/ [also formal, ritual] /=/ clite (lit) *courts (behaves sexually), x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [also: x1 |/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfri)] /=/ cinse (cin) &cousin bond, x3 of tamne &cousin, x1 of tamne &cousin, x2 of tamne &cousin, thing having | x2 of tamne *cousin, x1 is | to x2 by bond/tie x3; [non-immediate family member, default same generation] /:/ [probably preferred for metaphorical siblings (over bruna)] /=/ tamne *cover (lid), x1 is a |/[lid/top] for covering/concealing/sheltering x2 /:/ /=/ gacri (gai) *cover (outer |/crust/skin), x1 is a crust/rind/peel/skin/hide/outer | of x2 /:/ , gacri) /=/ pilka (pil pi'a) *cover (protective |/shield), x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event) /:/ [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective |/shield (= badgai)] /=/ bandu (bad) &cover, x1 of gacri *coveralls, x1 is a robe/tunic/gown/cloak/dress/[|] [a long/full body garment] of material x2 /:/ [also | (= paspalku)] /=/ pastu (pas) &covered condition, x3 of binra &covered, x2 of gacri *covered, x1 is foggy/misty/| by a fog/mist/vapor of liquid x2 /:/ /=/ bumru (bum) *covering (of a lid), x1 is a cover/[lid/top] for |/concealing/sheltering x2 /:/ /=/ gacri (gai) *covering (of a shell), x1 is a shell/husk [hard, protective |] around x2 composed of x3 /:/ /=/ calku (cak) *covering (of curtains), x1 is a curtain/blinds/drapes for |/obscuring aperture x2, and made of material x3 /:/ /=/ murta (mur mu'a) *covering (of shoes), x1 is a shoe/boot/sandal for |/protecting [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3 /:/ [also boot (= tupcutci)] /=/ cutci (cuc) &covering, pencil | x3 of pinsi @covering, see also "shelter", "clothing" &covering, thing having loose | x2 of kluza *cow, x1 is a |/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ bakni (bak) *crab, x1 is a spider/arachnid/[crustacean/|/lobster/non-insect arthropod] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jukni (juk) &crack, x1 of fenra *crack, x1 is a |/fissure/pass/cleft/ravine/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2 /:/ /=/ fenra (fer fe'a) &cracked, x2 of fenra *cracks, x1 breaks/fractures/shatters/[splits/splinters/|] into pieces x2 /:/ /=/ porpi (pop po'i) &craft, x2 of larcu &craft, propellant of sailing | x2 of falnu &craft, sailing | x3 of falnu *craft, x2 of: x1 (process) is an art [creative application] of |/skill x2 (idea/activity) /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is artistic] /=/ larcu (lar) *crap, x1 is a/the feces/excrement/dung/shit of x2 (animal/person); (adjective:) x1 is fecal (matter) /:/ [also |] /=/ kalci *crap, x1(s) is/are waste product(s) [left to waste] by x2 (event/activity) /:/ [also shit, |; agentive wasting (= fesygau, fesyzu'e)] /=/ festi (fes) *crashes (| into), x1 collides with/|/bumps/runs into x2 /:/ (also collide = simjanli for a collision between two moving objects) /=/ janli (jal) *crate, x1 is a box/carton/trunk/| for contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ /=/ tanxe (tax ta'e) &crated, x2 of tanxe *crawls, x1 climbs/clambers/creeps/| on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools] /:/ /=/ cpare (par) *crayon, x1 is a pencil/|/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 /:/ [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)] /=/ pinsi (pis) &craziness standard, x2 of fenki &crazy, x1 of fenki *crazy, x1 (action/event) is |/insane/mad/frantic/in a frenzy (one sense) by standard x2 /:/ /=/ fenki (fek) &cream composition, x2 of kruji &cream, x1 of kruji *cream, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of |/emulsion/puree [consistency] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]] /=/ kruji (ruj) *crease (formed by folding), x3 of: x1 (force) folds/creases x2 at locus/loci/forming |(s)/bend(s) x3 /:/ [for agentive folding (= plogau, plozu'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds] /=/ polje (plo) *crease (general term: noun), x1 is a wrinkle/|/fold [shape/form] in x2 /:/ /=/ cinje (cij) *crease (verb: forming a fold/crease), x1 (force) folds/|-s x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3 /:/ [for agentive folding (= plogau, plozu'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds] /=/ polje (plo) &crease [n], x3 of polje &crease, folding | x3 of polje &creased, x2 of polje *creases, x1 (force) folds/| x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3 /:/ [for agentive folding (= plogau, plozu'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds] /=/ polje (plo) &created, x2 of zbasu *created, x2 of: x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3; x2 is assembled/built/made/|/manufactured out of x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) *creates (invents), x1 invents/|/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4 /:/ [x1 is creative/inventive] /=/ finti (fin fi'i) *creates (makes), x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/| x2 out of materials/parts/components x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) &creation, x2 of finti &creation, x2 of zbasu *creative (art, | application), x1 (process) is an art [| application] of craft/skill x2 (idea/activity) /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is artistic] /=/ larcu (lar) *creative (of a creation/composition/invention), x2 of: x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4 /:/ [x1/x2 is |/inventive] /=/ finti (fin fi'i) *creative (of a creator/inventor/author), x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4 /:/ [x1/x2 is |/inventive] /=/ finti (fin fi'i) *creature (animal), x1 is an animal/| of species x2; x1 is biologically animate /:/ /=/ danlu (dal da'u) *creature (living thing, having genes), x2 of: x1 is a gene of | [or locus on |] x2 determining trait/process x3 /:/ [also chromosome = (gincilta, ginpoi)] /=/ jgina (gin) *creatures (mythical |), x1 is a myth/legend, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4 /:/ [also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid | of story/myth/legend/religion, e.g. dragon (these animals are ramda'u); fairy tale (= veryranmi)] /=/ ranmi (ram) *credence (gives |), x1 believes [without objective/external evidence/proof] that belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3 /:/ [also gives |, has conviction] /=/ krici (kri) *credit, x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 /:/ [| (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)] /=/ jbera (jer) &creditor, x3 of dejni *creditor, x1 owes x2 in debt/obligation to | x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a debtor /:/ /=/ dejni (dej) *creed (belief), x2 of: x1 believes [without objective/external evidence/proof] that belief/| x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3 /:/ [also gives credence, has conviction] /=/ krici (kri) *creed (religion), x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, |, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) *creed (system of tenets of a religion), x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing |/common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/| of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) &creed, x3 of lijda *creeps, x1 climbs/clambers/|/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools] /:/ /=/ cpare (par) &crew members, x2 of bende &crew purpose, x4 of bende &crew, x1 of bende &crew, lead | x3 of bende *crew, x1 is a |/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) *cricket, x1 is a cockroach/[orthopteran/termite] of order/species/breed x2 /:/ [also grasshopper (= pi'erjalra); | (= snajalra); locust, termite (= mantyjalra or mudyctijalra)]; (while cockroaches are an order unto themselves, they are part of Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, crickets, etc; termites are a closely-related non-Orthoptera, more akin to cockroaches than to e.g. ants) /=/ jalra &cried out, x2 of krixa *crier, x1 cries out/yells/howls sound x2; x1 is a | /:/ /=/ krixa (kix ki'a) *cries (weeps), x1 weeps/| tears x2 about/for reason x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ klaku (kak) *cries (| out), x1 | out/yells/howls sound x2; x1 is a crier /:/ /=/ krixa (kix ki'a) &crime, x1 of zekri &crime, hold as | x2 of zekri *crime, x1 (event/state) is a punishable |/[taboo/sin] to people/culture/judges/jury x2 /:/ [taboo (= kluzei, cacyzei); sin (= madzei, jdamadzei); heresy (= jdazei)] /=/ zekri (zer zei) *crimson, x1 is red/|/ruddy [color adjective] /:/ /=/ xunre (xun xu'e) *crisis (event/state causing panic), x2 of: x1 (person) is panicked by | x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ xalni *crook (hook), x1 is a hook/| [shape/form] of material x2 /:/ /=/ genxu (gex) *crooked, (adjective:) x1 is bent/|/not straight or direct/[twisted]/folded /:/ /=/ korcu (kro) &crop, x3 of purdi *crop, x1 (agent) harvests/reaps/gathers |/product/objects x2 from source/area x3 /:/ /=/ crepu (rep) *crop, x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/| x3 /:/ [orchard (= ricpurdi)] /=/ purdi (pud) *crop, x1 sows/plants x2 [|/plants] at/in x3 /:/ /=/ sombo (som so'o) *crops, x4 of: x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian /:/ [also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant |] /=/ cange (cag) *cross, x1 intersects/|-es/traverses x2 at locus x3 /:/ /=/ kruca (kuc) &crossed, x2 of kruca &crossed, x2 of ragve *crosses, x1 intersects/|/traverses x2 at locus x3 /:/ /=/ kruca (kuc) *crow, x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, |] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) *crown, x1 is a cap/hat/|/helmet/piece of headgear [head-top garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ mapku (map) *CRT, x1 is a video monitor/|/screen [machine] serving function x2 /:/ /=/ vidni &cruel, x1 of kusru *cruel, x1 (person) is |/mean/unkind to victim x2 /:/ /=/ kusru (kus) &cruelty, object of | x2 of kusru *crumbs (result of crushing), x2 of: x1 [force] mashes/crushes/squashes/smashes x2 into pulp/mash/|/deformed mass x3 /:/ /=/ marxa (max) &crushed, x2 of marxa &crushed, x2 of zalvi *crushes (mashes), x1 [force] mashes/|/squashes/smashes x2 into pulp/mash/crumbs/deformed mass x3 /:/ /=/ marxa (max) *crushes (pulverizes), x1 [individual or mass of hard surfaces] grinds/pulverizes/| x2 into powder x3 /:/ [may need mosra tanru] /=/ zalvi (zal) &crust, x1 of pilka &crust, thing having | x2 of pilka *crust, x1 is a |/rind/peel/skin/hide/outer cover of x2 /:/ , gacri) /=/ pilka (pil pi'a) *crustacean, x1 is a spider/arachnid/[|/crab/lobster/non-insect arthropod] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jukni (juk) *cry (out), x1 |-ies out/yells/howls sound x2; x1 is a |-ier /:/ /=/ krixa (kix ki'a) &cry out, x1 of krixa &cry, x2 of krixa *crystal (crystalline), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | of composition x2 in form/arrangement x3 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ krili *crystal (ice |), x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains ice [frozen |] of composition/material x2 /:/ [composition including x2, which need not be a complete composition] /=/ bisli (bis) &crystal composition, x2 of krili &crystal structure, x3 of krili &crystal, x1 of krili &cube dimensionality, polyhedron | x2 of kubli &cube, side of | x3 of kubli *cube, x1 is a right-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) /:/ [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), | (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)] /=/ kurfa (kur) *cube, x1 is a |/regular polyhedron/polygon of dimensions x2 (default 3), surfaces/sides x3 (default 6) /:/ (cf. kurfa - needed for '|', bliku for a physical object) /=/ kubli (kub) &cubit standard, x3 of gutci &cubit, x1 of gutci *cubit, x1 is x2 (default 1) short local distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [foot (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjamgutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), | (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ gutci (guc) &cubits, number of | x2 of gutci &cubits, sub-unit of | x4 of gutci &cuisine, restaurant | x2 of gusta *cul-de-sac, x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/|/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 /:/ [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it] /=/ klaji (laj) *cult, x1 is holy/sacred to person/people/culture/religion/|/group x2 /:/ /=/ censa (ces) *cultivar (| of onions), x2 of: x1 is a quantity of/contains onions/scallions of type/| x2 /:/ /=/ sluni *cultivar (| of plant), x2 of: x1 is a plant/herb/greenery of species/strain/| x2 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is vegetable/vegetal/vegetative] /=/ spati (spa) *cultivar (| of potato/tuber), x2 of: x1 is a potato [an edible tuber] of variety/| x2 /:/ (use samcu for starchy/tuberous roots that do not reproduce from eyes of tuber) /=/ patlu *cultivar (| of rice), x2 of: x1 is a quantity of rice [a type of grain] of strain/| x2 /:/ /=/ rismi (ris) *cultivar (| of trees), x2 of: x1 is a tree of species/| x2 /:/ /=/ tricu (ric) *cultivated (| field, garden), x1 is a garden/tended/| field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3 /:/ [orchard (= ricpurdi)] /=/ purdi (pud) *culturally significant, (symbolic plant/herb), x1 is a lotus, | plant/flower/herb of species/strain x2 symbolizing x3 to culture/religion x4 /:/ /=/ latna *culturally significant, x1 is a myth/legend, a | story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4 /:/ [also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures of story/myth/legend/religion, e.g. dragon (these animals are ramda'u); fairy tale (= veryranmi)] /=/ ranmi (ram) &culture with lotus, x4 of latna &culture with myth, x4 of ranmi &culture with nobles, x2 of nobli &culture, x1 of kulnu &culture, thing having | x2 of kulnu *culture, x1 [mass of ideas, customs, skills, arts] is | of nation/ethos x2 (mass); x1 is ethnic /:/ [(note that x2 is NOT individual; | is what is shared among people and is not an individual trait)] /=/ kulnu (klu) &cup contents, x2 of kabri &cup material, x3 of kabri &cup, x1 of kabri *cup, x1 is a |/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3 /:/ [a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not] /=/ kabri *cupful, x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), | (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ dekpu *curb, x1 is an edge/margin/border/|/boundary of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3 /:/ /=/ korbi (kor koi) *curd, x1 is a quantity of/contains cheese/| from source x2 /:/ /=/ cirla *cure (treatment for an ailment), x4 of: x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/| x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully | transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) &cure, x4 of mikce *cures (treats for an ailment), x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[|]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) &curiosity, object of | x2 of kucli &curious, x1 of kucli *curious, x1 is |/wonders about/is interested in/[inquisitive about] x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [inquisitive (= retkucli)] /=/ kucli *curly hair, x1 is a quantity of/made from/consists of wool [tight | hair] from animal/species/source x2 /:/ /=/ sunla (sul) *currency, x1 is money/| issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fiscal /:/ ['|' sometimes is restricted to paper money (= pledi'i)] /=/ jdini (din di'i) *current (electrical |), x1 is electricity [electric charge or |] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (default negative) /:/ [(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); | (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron |), charge (= klodikca, stadikca)] /=/ dikca (dic) *current (flow), x1 is a |/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/toward x3 from direction/source x4 /:/ [x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (= camfle, sukfle)] /=/ flecu (fle) *current (present), x1 is | at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time /:/ [time relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] /=/ cabna (cab) ¤t in amperes, x2 of xampo *current, x1 is x2 ampere(s) [metric unit] in | (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ xampo (xap xa'o) &curriculum, x3 of ckule &curse, x1 of dapma *curse, x1 is a fate/destiny of x2; [doom, | are mabla-forms]; x2 is fated/predestined/doomed to x1 /:/ [fated/destined/doomed (= seldimna)] /=/ dimna (dim) *curse, x1 |-s/damns/condemns x2 to fate (event) x3 /:/ [| with a specific expression (= dapsku)] /=/ dapma (dap) &cursed, x2 of dimna &cursed/blessed by another, that | x2 of dapma *curses (condemns), x1 |/damns/condemns x2 to fate (event) x3 /:/ [curse with a specific expression (= dapsku)] /=/ dapma (dap) *curses (uses derogative terminology), x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'| at' x2 in form x1 /:/ [bloody (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn] /=/ mabla (mal) &curtain material, x3 of murta &curtain, x1 of murta *curtain, x1 is a |/blinds/drapes for covering/obscuring aperture x2, and made of material x3 /:/ /=/ murta (mur mu'a) &curtained aperture, x2 of murta *curve (bend/turn), x1 is a |/turn/bend in x2, at locus x3, and defined by set of points/properties x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is curved; (x4 as a set of points is sufficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of the bend)] /=/ kruvi (ruv kru) *curve (closed |), x1 is a loop/circuit of x2 [material] /:/ [also noose (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed | defined by set of points (= cuptai)] /=/ clupa (cup) *curve (knee/elbow as metaphoric for sharp bend/|), x1 is a/the knee/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3 /:/ [metaphor: a sharp bend/|] /=/ cidni (cid) &curve locus, x3 of kruvi &curve, x1 of kruvi &curve, define | x4 of kruvi &curved, x2 of kruvi *curved, x2 of: x1 is a curve/turn/bend in x2, at locus x3, and defined by set of points/properties x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |; (x4 as a set of points is sufficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of the bend)] /=/ kruvi (ruv kru) *curves around, x1 arches/| x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of material x3 /:/ [also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume] /=/ bargu (bag) *curves over, x1 arches/| /around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of material x3 /:/ [also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume] /=/ bargu (bag) &cushion material, x3 of kicne &cushion, x1 of kicne *cushion, x1 |-s x2 with material x3; x1 is a |/pillow/pad [for x2] of padding material x3 /:/ /=/ kicne (kic ki'e) &cushioned, x2 of kicne *cushions (acts as a cushion), x1 | x2 with material x3; x1 is a cushion/pillow/pad [for x2] of padding material x3 /:/ /=/ kicne (kic ki'e) *cusses (uses derogative terminology), x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'| at' x2 in form x1 /:/ [bloody (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn] /=/ mabla (mal) *custodian, x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) /:/ [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/| of x2] /=/ kurji (kuj ku'i) *custom (duty/tax), x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4 /:/ [also |, toll, tariff, tribute] /=/ cteki (tek ce'i) *custom (habit), x1 is a |/habit/[ritual/rut] of x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also: x1 is customary/usual/the practice] /=/ tcaci (cac) *custom (| governing courtesy), x1 is polite/courteous/civil in matter x2 according to standard/| x3 /:/ [also formal, ritual] /=/ clite (lit) *custom (| governing marriage), x3 of: x1 is married to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under law/|/tradition/system/convention x3 /:/ /=/ speni (spe) *custom (| governing possession/ownership), x3 of: x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/| x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3 /:/ (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent) /=/ ponse (pos po'e) *custom (| governing ritual), x3 of: x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by |/in community x3, with form/rules x4 /:/ [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs /=/ ritli (ri'i) &custom conditions, x3 of tcaci &custom, x1 of tcaci *customarily, x1 (event) often/frequently/commonly/| occurs/recurs by standard x2 /:/ /=/ cafne (caf) *customary, x1 is a custom/habit/[ritual/rut] of x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also: x1 is |/usual/the practice] /=/ tcaci (cac) &customer, x3 of sabji &customer, restaurant | x3 of gusta *customers (| cooperatively participating in/operating a market), x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and | in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) &customers, bar | x3 of barja *customs (| comprising culture), x1 [mass of ideas, |, skills, arts] is culture of nation/ethos x2 (mass); x1 is ethnic /:/ [(note that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is shared among people and is not an individual trait)] /=/ kulnu (klu) *customs (|/forms comprising ritual), x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 /:/ [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/| /=/ ritli (ri'i) &cut by knife, x2 of dakfu &cut by shears, x2 of jinci &cut, x1 of katna &cut, be | x2 of katna &cut, piece | x3 of katna @cut, see also "scratch" for a cut that does not divide into pieces, or perhaps use a metaphor like "partial-cut" (= paurka'a, nalmulka'a) *cut, x1 (tool/blade/force) |-s [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3 /:/ [for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; agentive |-ting (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)] /=/ katna (ka'a) *cute, x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4 /:/ [also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, |, comely, graceful] /=/ melbi (mel mle) *cuts (into and turns up), x1 (agent) plows/furrows/tills [| into and turns up] x2 with tool x3 propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ plixa (lix) *cuts (into pieces), x1 (tool/blade/force) | [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3 /:/ [for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; agentive cutting (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)] /=/ katna (ka'a) *cuts (into, removing material), x1 (agent) digs x2 [material] up/out of x3 [source/hole] with limbs/tool(s) x4 /:/ [also x1 | x3 (with material removal)] /=/ kakpa *cuts (scratches, ), x1 [abrasive/cutting/scratching object/implement] scratches/[carves]/erodes/| [into] x2 /:/ , spali) /=/ sraku (rak) &cutter, x1 of katna *cutting (agentive | through), x1 (tool/blade/force) cuts [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3 /:/ [for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; agentive | (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)]; (cf. sraku for | into without division) /=/ katna (ka'a) *cutting (carving/scratching), x1 [abrasive/|/scratching object/implement] scratches/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] x2 /:/ , spali) /=/ sraku (rak) *cutting (of a knife), x1 is a knife (tool) for | x2, with blade of material x3 /:/ /=/ dakfu (dak) *cutting (of scissors), x1 is a pair of shears/scissors for | x2 /:/ /=/ jinci @cutting, see also "cut" &cyan, x1 of cicna *cyan, x1 is |/turquoise/greenish-blue [color adjective] /:/ /=/ cicna *cycles, x1 oscillates/| at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) *cyclical (periodic), x1 is regular/|/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/interval x3 /:/ [also uniform; resonant (= dikslicai)] /=/ dikni (dik) *cyclical (| expansion, of a tide), x1 is a tide [|/periodic expansion] in x2 caused by x3 /:/ /=/ ctaru *cyclical interval (season), x1 is a season/is seasonal [|], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 /:/ [also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year] /=/ citsi *cylinder (shape/form), x1 is a | [shape/form] of material x2 /:/ /=/ slanu *cylinder (| of tubing), x1 is a length of tubing/pipe/hollow | [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of material x3 /:/ [also sleeve, leg, hose, (adjective:) tubular] /=/ tubnu (tu'u) &cylinder material, x2 of slanu &cylinder, x1 of slanu *cymbal, x1 is a drum/|/gong [percussion musical instrument] with beater/actuator x2 /:/ /=/ damri *dairy (milk product), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of milk from source x2; (adjective:) x1 is lactic/| /:/ /=/ ladru (lad) *dairy butter, x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; | (= ladmatne)] /=/ matne *dais, x1 is a stage/platform/|/[scaffold] at/in x2 supporting x3, made of material x4 /:/ (x3 object/event) /=/ tsina (sin) &damage, x4 of xrani &damaged, x2 of xrani *damages, x1 (event) hurts/injures/harms/| victim x2 in property x3 (ka) resulting in injury x4 (state) /:/ /=/ xrani (xai) *damn, x1 curses/|-s/condemns x2 to fate (event) x3 /:/ [curse with a specific expression (= dapsku)] /=/ dapma (dap) &damnation, x3 of dapma *damns, x1 curses/|/condemns x2 to fate (event) x3 /:/ [curse with a specific expression (= dapsku)] /=/ dapma (dap) *damp, x1 is moist/wet/| with liquid x2 /:/ /=/ cilmo (cim) &dance, x1 of dansu &dance, accompaniment for | x2 of dansu *dance, x1 (individual, mass) |-s to accompaniment/music/rhythm x2 /:/ /=/ dansu *dances, x1 (individual, mass) | to accompaniment/music/rhythm x2 /:/ /=/ dansu &dancing, music for | x2 of dansu *danger (potential harmful), x1 is perilous/dangerous/potentially harmful to x2 under conditions x3; x1 is a |/peril /:/ /=/ ckape (cap) *danger (something sheltered from), x3 of: x1 is a shelter/haven/refuge/retreat/harbor for/protecting x2 from |/threat x3 /:/ /=/ marbi (mra) *danger (something warned of), x3 of: x1 (event/experience) warns/cautions x2 (person) of/about | x3 (event/state/property) /:/ [agentive warning (= jdegau, jdezu'e); an attempt to warn which may not succeed (= jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)] /=/ kajde (jde) &danger warned of, x3 of kajde *dangerous, x1 is perilous/|/potentially harmful to x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ ckape (cap) *dangle, x1 hangs/|-s/is suspended from x2 by/at/with joint x3 /:/ [pendant (= dadja'i); also dependent (original meaning)] /=/ dandu (dad) *dangles, x1 hangs/|/is suspended from x2 by/at/with joint x3 /:/ [pendant (= dadja'i); also dependent (original meaning)] /=/ dandu (dad) &dare, x1 of darsi *dare, x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 |-s to do/be x2 (event/ka) /:/ [x1 is bold] /=/ darsi &dared, x2 of darsi *dares, x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 | to do/be x2 (event/ka) /:/ [x1 is bold] /=/ darsi *dark (colored), x1 is black/extremely |-colored [color adjective] /:/ /=/ xekri (xek xe'i) *dark (unilluminated), x1 is |/lacking in illumination /:/ /=/ manku (man) *dark [in the |], x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden /:/ [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/ in the | (= nalselsivni)] /=/ sivni (siv) &dark, x1 of manku *darling, x1 is dear/precious/| to x2; x1 is emotionally valued by x2 /:/ [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdirba for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dirba (dib) &data collection, x3 of datni &data subject, x2 of datni &data, x1 of datni &data, source | x3 of kanji *data, x1 (du'u) [fact/measurement] is |/information/statistic(s) about x2 gathered by method x3 /:/ [evidence (= velji'i datni or just velji'i, ti'irdatni)] /=/ datni *data, x1 calculates/reckons/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from | x3 by process x4 /:/ /=/ kanji (kaj) *data, x1 is a chart/diagram/map of/about x2 showing formation/|-points x3 /:/ /=/ cartu (cat) &date location, x3 of detri *date of birth, x3 of: x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [|] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 /:/ [x2 bears/gives birth to x1] /=/ jbena (jbe) &date, x1 of detri *date, x1 is the | [day,{week},{month},year] of event/state x2, at location x3, by calendar x4 /:/ (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi) /=/ detri (det) &dated, x2 of detri *datum, x1 (du'u) [fact/measurement] is a |/piece of information/statistic about x2 gathered by method x3 /:/ [evidence (= velji'i datni or just velji'i, ti'irdatni)] /=/ datni *daughter (begotten |), x1 engenders/begets child (son/|) x2 with coparent x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) *daughter (parented |), x1 is a parent of/raises son/| x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) &daughter's parent, x2 of tixnu &daughter, x1 of tixnu &daughter, x2 of mamta &daughter, x2 of patfu *daughter, x1 is a | of mother/father/parents x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ tixnu (tix ti'u) *dawn, x1 is a morning [| until after typical start-of-work for locale] of day x2 at location x3 /:/ [this morning (= cabdeicerni); tomorrow morning (= bavlamcerni); yesterday morning (= prulamcerni, prulamdeicerni)] /=/ cerni (cer) *dawn, x1 is the [astronomical] twilight/|/dusk/half-light/glimmering of day x2 at location x3 /:/ [morning twilight, | (= cermurse); evening twilight, dusk (= vacmurse)] /=/ murse *day (date), x1 is the date [|,{week},{month},year] of event/state x2, at location x3, by calendar x4 /:/ (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi) /=/ detri (det) *day (daytime), x1 is the daytime of | x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal (vs. nocturnal) /:/ /=/ donri (dor do'i) *day (new, of morning), x1 is a morning [dawn until after typical start-of-work for locale] of | x2 at location x3 /:/ [this morning (= cabdeicerni); tomorrow morning (= bavlamcerni); yesterday morning (= prulamcerni, prulamdeicerni)] /=/ cerni (cer) *day (time-of), x1 [hours, {minutes}, {seconds}] is the time/hour of state/event x2 on | x3 at location x4 /:/ [also o'clock]; (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi) /=/ tcika *day (| of dawn/twilight), x1 is the [astronomical] twilight/dawn/dusk/half-light/glimmering of | x2 at location x3 /:/ [morning twilight, dawn (= cermurse); evening twilight, dusk (= vacmurse)] /=/ murse *day (| of evening), x1 is an evening [from end-of-work until sleep typical for locale] of | x2 at location x3 /:/ [this evening (= cabvanci); tomorrow evening (= bavlamvanci); yesterday evening (= prulamvanci)] /=/ vanci (vac) *day (| of night), x1 is a nighttime of | x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is at night/nocturnal /:/ [tonight (= cabycte); tomorrow night (= bavlamcte, even when tonight is still in the future); last night (= prulamcte)] /=/ nicte (cte) &day of evening, x2 of vanci &day of morning, x2 of cerni &day of time, x3 of tcika &day standard, full | x3 of djedi &day with daytime, x2 of donri &day with night, x2 of nicte &day with twilight, x2 of murse &day, full | x1 of djedi &day, time of | x1 of tcika &days, number of full | x2 of djedi *days, x1 is x2 full | in duration (default is 1 day) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal /:/ [today (= cabdei); tomorrow (= bavlamdei); yesterday (= prulamdei)] /=/ djedi (dje dei) *days, x1 is x2 weeks in duration (default is 1 week) by standard x3 /:/ [re. x3, a week may be more or less than seven |, classically being tied to the time between trips to the marketplace; this week (= cabjeftu); next week (= bavlamjeftu); last week (= prulamjeftu)] /=/ jeftu (jef) &daytime location, x3 of donri &daytime, x1 of donri &daytime, day with | x2 of donri *daytime, x1 is the | of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal (vs. nocturnal) /:/ /=/ donri (dor do'i) &dead, x1 of morsi *dead, x1 is |/has ceased to be alive /:/ [die/mortal (= mrobi'o, co'urji'e)] /=/ morsi (mro) &dear, x1 of dirba &dear, holds | x2 of dirba *dear, x1 (object/commodity/property/event) is costly/expensive/| to x2 by standard x3 /:/ [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erkargu for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ kargu *dear, x1 is |/precious/darling to x2; x1 is emotionally valued by x2 /:/ [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdirba for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dirba (dib) &debt, x2 of dejni &debt, reason for | x4 of dejni *debt, x1 owes x2 in |/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a debtor /:/ /=/ dejni (dej) &debtor, x1 of dejni *debtor, x1 owes x2 in debt/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a | /:/ /=/ dejni (dej) *decaf, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2 /:/ [brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, |, postum] /=/ ckafi (kaf) *decay agent, x2 of: x1 rots/decays/ferments with |/fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten/decayed/fermented /:/ /=/ fusra (fur) *decay, x1 rots/|-s/ferments with |/fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten/decayed/fermented /:/ /=/ fusra (fur) *decayed, x1 rots/decays/ferments with decay/fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten/|/fermented /:/ /=/ fusra (fur) *decays, x1 rots/|/ferments with decay/fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten/decayed/fermented /:/ /=/ fusra (fur) *deceased, x1 is dead/|/has ceased to be alive /:/ [die/mortal (= mrobi'o, co'urji'e)] /=/ morsi (mro) &deceive, x1 of tcica *deceive, x1 (event/experience) misleads/|-s/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); |/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) &deceived, x2 of tcica *deceives, x1 (event/experience) misleads/|/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) &deception subject, x3 of tcica *deception, x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive | (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self | (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) *deci- (metric prefix), x1 is a tenth [1/10; 1x10**-1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ decti (dec) &decide, x1 of jdice *decide, x1 (person) |-s/makes |-sion x2 (du'u) about matter x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ jdice (jdi) &decided, matter | x3 of jdice @decides, see also "judges", "chooses" *decides, x1 (person) |/makes decision x2 (du'u) about matter x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ jdice (jdi) *deciding (of a judge), x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/| matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) &decimal base, x3 of saclu &decimal fraction, x2 of saclu &decimal, x1 of saclu *decimal, x1 (me'o) is the [|/binary] equivalent of fractional x2 (me'o) in base x3 (quantity) /:/ [conversion from fractions to |-point based notation] /=/ saclu *decision (resukt of deciding), x2 of: x1 (person) decides/makes | x2 (du'u) about matter x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ jdice (jdi) &decision, x2 of jdice *decisions, x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific |/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) *declares, x1 (agent) asserts/claims/| x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] /:/ [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2] /=/ xusra (xus xu'a) *decomposes (violently |), x1 bursts/explodes/violently breaks up/|/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments x2 /:/ /=/ spoja (poj po'a) *decorated, x2 of: x1 (object) adorns/decorates x2; x1 is an adornment/decoration of x2; x2 is fancy/| /:/ [fancy/| (= selja'i)] /=/ jadni (jad ja'i) *decorates, x1 (object) adorns/| x2; x1 is an adornment/decoration of x2; x2 is fancy/decorated /:/ [fancy/decorated (= selja'i)] /=/ jadni (jad ja'i) *decoration, x1 (object) adorns/decorates x2; x1 is an adornment/| of x2; x2 is fancy/decorated /:/ [fancy/decorated (= selja'i)] /=/ jadni (jad ja'i) &decrease amount, x3 of jdika &decrease, x1 of jdika *decrease, x1 (experiencer) |-s/contracts/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jdika &decreased, property | x2 of jdika *decreases (non-agentive), x1 (experiencer) |/contracts/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jdika *deducing (by logic), x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for |/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u) /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical] /=/ logji (loj) &deduction, x2 of logji &deduction, x2 of vimcu *deducts, x1 removes/subtracts/|/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) *deep (container), x1 is a bucket/pail/can/|, solid, wide-topped container of contents x2, made of material x3 /:/ /=/ baktu *deep (container), x1 is a pot/kettle/urn/tub/sink, a | container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ patxu (pax) *deep (narrow opening), x1 is a/the throat/gullet [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: narrow(ing) opening of a | hole] /:/ /=/ galxe &deep, x1 of condi *deep, x1 is | in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ condi (con cno coi) &deer species, x2 of mirli &deer, x1 of mirli *deer, x1 is a |/elk/moose/[hart/stag/doe] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ mirli *defeated (by a winner, failing to get a particular prize), x3 of: x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4 /:/ [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, |/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; /=/ jinga (jig ji'a) &defecate, x2 of kalci *defect (crack/fissure), x1 is a crack/fissure/pass/cleft/ravine/chasm/[|/flaw] [shape/form] in x2 /:/ /=/ fenra (fer fe'a) *defect (flaw), x1 (property - ka) is a flaw/fault/| in x2 causing x3 /:/ /=/ cfila (cfi) &defective, x2 of cfila *defend, x1 (event) |-s/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event) /:/ [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)] /=/ bandu (bad) &defended, x2 of bandu *defender (against aggression), x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon |/victim x2 with goal/objective x3 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) %defender (in an event of aggression), x1 is an aggression, an event of x2 (person/mass) attacking/invading/committing aggression upon |/victim x3 with goal/objective x4 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) &defender, x1 of bandu *defends, x1 (event) |/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event) /:/ [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)] /=/ bandu (bad) &deficiency, x2 of pindi &define class, x3 of klesi &define curve, x4 of kruvi &define season, x2 of citsi *defined (of a closed curve), x1 is a loop/circuit of x2 [material] /:/ [also noose (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed curve | by set of points (= cuptai)] /=/ clupa (cup) *defined (of a curve), x1 is a curve/turn/bend in x2, at locus x3, and | by set of points/properties x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is curved; (x4 as a set of points is sufficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of the bend)] /=/ kruvi (ruv kru) *defined (of a function), x1 is a function/single-valued mapping from domain x2 to range x3 | by expression/rule x4 /:/ /=/ fancu *defined (of a line), x1 is a line/among lines [1-dimensional shape/form] | by set of points x2 /:/ [ray/vector (farli'i or porli'i)] /=/ linji (lij li'i) *defined (of a plane), x1 is a plane [2-dimensional shape/form] | by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth] /:/ [also: x1 is even/planar/level]; (x2 is a set of points at least sufficient to define the plane) /=/ plita (pit) *defined (of a right-angled form), x1 is a right-angled shape/form | by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) /:/ [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)] /=/ kurfa (kur) *defined (of a route), x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/| by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) *defined (of a season), x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], | by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 /:/ [also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year] /=/ citsi *defined (of a universe), x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 | by rules x3 /:/ [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) *defines (| the limits/bounds), x2 of: x1 is between/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) | the bounds/limits/range for x1] /=/ jbini (bin bi'i) *defining (| form of a language), x1 is the grammar/rules/| form of language x2 for structure/text x3 /:/ /=/ gerna (gen ge'a) *defining (| principles of a universe), x3 of: x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 /:/ [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/| principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) *defining (| property classifying a 1-celled lifeform), x1 is a bacteria/germ/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [1-celled life] of species/| property x2 /:/ /=/ jurme (jum) *defining (| property classifying a virus), x2 of: x1 is a virus of species/breed/| property x2 capable of infecting [at] x3 /:/ /=/ vidru (vir) *defining (| property of a subcategory), x3 of: x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with | property x3 (ka) /:/ [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum] /=/ klesi (kle lei) *defining (|/specific property), x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a | property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/| of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) &definition, function | x4 of fancu *deformed (| mass, product of crushing), x2 of: x1 [force] mashes/crushes/squashes/smashes x2 into pulp/mash/crumbs/| mass x3 /:/ /=/ marxa (max) *degree (unit on scale), x1 [magnitude] is a unit/| of/on scale/reference standard x2 (si'o) measuring property x3 /:/ [also grade, level, point; x3 dimension] /=/ gradu (rau) *degree (| of adjustment), x3 of: x1 (event) adjusts/regulates/changes x2 (ka/ni) in amount/| x3 /:/ [non-resultative, causal change; agentive adjust (= tikygau, tikyzu'e)] /=/ stika (tik) *degree (| of ancestry), x3 of: x1 is an elder/ancestor of x2 by bond/tie/| x3; x1's generation precedes x2's parents /:/ /=/ dzena (dze) *degree (| of infiniteness), x3 of: x1 is infinite/unending/eternal in property/dimension x2, to | x3 (quantity)/of type x3 /:/ [also everlasting, eternal (= cimnyteikai, temcimni)] /=/ cimni *degree (| of variance), x1 varies/changes in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) in amount/| x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [non-resultative, not-necessarily causal change] /=/ cenba (cne) °ree, infinity | x3 of cimni *degree, x1 is x2 |(s) Kelvin [metric unit] in temperature (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ kelvo (ke'o) *degrees, x1 is x2 radian(s) [metric unit] in angular measure (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ [measured in | (julra'o); right ascension [astronomical measurement] (= cacryra'o)] /=/ radno (ra'o) *deity (god/goddess), x1 is a/the god/| of people(s)/religion x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is divine /:/ [also divinity] /=/ cevni (cev cei) *deity , x1 is magic/supernatural/sorcery/witchcraft/wizardry to x2, performed by person/force/| x3 /:/ /=/ makfa (maf) *dejected, x1 is sad/depressed/|/[unhappy/feels sorrow/grief] about x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ badri (dri) *deka- (metric prefix), x1 is ten [10; 1*10**1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ dekto (dek) *delicacy (something delicious/delightful), x1 is delicious/tasty/delightful to observer/sense x2 [person, or sensory activity] /:/ [x1 is a |] /=/ kukte (kuk) &delicacy property, x2 of ralci &delicate, x1 of ralci *delicate, x1 is |/fragile/subtle/refined in property x2 (ka) /:/ [easily damaged or rendered less pleasing/pure/effective] /=/ ralci (rac) &delicious, x1 of kukte &delicious, find | x2 of kukte *delicious, x1 is |/tasty/delightful to observer/sense x2 [person, or sensory activity] /:/ [x1 is a delicacy] /=/ kukte (kuk) *delightful, x1 is delicious/tasty/| to observer/sense x2 [person, or sensory activity] /:/ [x1 is a delicacy] /=/ kukte (kuk) *demand, x1 requests/asks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4 /:/ [also | (= mi'ecpe)] /=/ cpedu (cpe) *demerit, x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4 /:/ [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, | (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, po'ervelne'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cnemu (nem ne'u) *demi, x1 is exactly/approximately half/semi-/|-/hemi- of x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ xadba (xab) *democracy, x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure | (= roltrusi'o), representative | (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *demon, x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, | or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) *demonstrates, x1 (agent) shows/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/| x2 (property) to audience x3 /:/ [reveal (= tolmipygau, mipyja'o, sivja'o); also: x1 shows that x2, x1 shows off x2; showing an object is generally expressed with a tu'a x2, since the properties of the shown object (other than its presence) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)] /=/ jarco (ja'o) *demonstratives (as a kind of descriptor/determiner), x1 is an article/descriptor labelling description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantics x4 /:/ [x2 is the noun phrase/sumti without the article/descriptor; description ((x1 with x2) = gadysu'i); note: 'determiner' has become the accepted general linguistics term, displacing 'article'; however, 'determiner' includes all words that can introduce a noun phrase/sumti, whether a description or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (especially in indefinites) like ci and su'o, and | like ti, ta, and tu; the term 'descriptor' in Lojban, is limited to words that introduce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma'o LA and LE, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; 'article' typically refers only to a single word; Lojban assumes the broader meaning] /=/ gadri (gad) *den, x1 is a nest/house/lair/|/[home] of/for x2 /:/ [home (= tercnizda), house (constructed building) (= zdadi'u)] /=/ zdani (zda) &denial, logic for | x3 of natfe &denied, x2 of natfe *denies (contradictory fact), x1 (du'u) contradicts/|/refutes/negates x2 (du'u) under rules/logic x3 /:/ [also exception (= nafmupli); agentive contradicts/| (= nafxu'a or nalselxu'a or tolxu'a) /=/ natfe (naf na'e) *denominator (| of a ratio), x3 of: x1 (me'o, fraction) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3] /:/ [also x1 fraction/proportion/quotient; x2 dividend/numerator; x3 divisor/|] /=/ parbi (pab) &denominator, x3 of frinu *denominator, x3 of: x1 is a fraction, with numerator x2, | x3 (x2/x3) /:/ /=/ frinu *dense (concentrated), x1 is |/concentrated/packed/intense in property x2 (ka) at location/locus x3 /:/ /=/ denmi (dem) *dense (of a mat), x1 is a mat/pad/mattress/pallet [flat, soft, | form] of material x2 /:/ [also mattress = (kicymatci)] /=/ matci &dense, x1 of denmi @dense, see also "intense" &density locus, x3 of denmi &density property, x2 of denmi *dental, x1 is a/the tooth [body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ (for metaphor: see dakfu, pagre, jgalu) /=/ denci (den de'i) &dents, x2 of ranti &deny, x1 of natfe *departs, x1 leaves/goes away/|/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 /:/ [also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2] /=/ cliva (liv li'a) &depend, x2 of sarcu *dependable (property of a support/underpinning), x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 /:/ [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is |, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'); (x2 is object/event)] /=/ sarji (sra) *dependent (hanging), x1 hangs/dangles/is suspended from x2 by/at/with joint x3 /:/ [pendant (= dadja'i); also | (original meaning)] /=/ dandu (dad) *dependent (needy), x1 needs/requires/is | on/[wants] necessity x2 for purpose/action/stage of process x3 /:/ [no implication of lack] /=/ nitcu (tcu) *depends (relies), x1 relies/|/counts on/trusts x2 to bring about/ensure/maintain x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ lacri (lac) &depicted, x2 of pixra *depletes (uses up), x1 (event) uses up/|/consumes/[wastes] x2 [resource] /:/ [waste (= fesxaksu, dusxaksu)] /=/ xaksu (xak) *deposit, x1 is a store/|/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 /:/ [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2] /=/ sorcu (soc sro) *deposits, x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/|/pours/inflates/stuffs/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 /:/ [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) *depraved, x1 is evil/|/wicked [morally bad] by standard x2 /:/ /=/ palci (pac) *depress, x1 (force) puts pressure on/presses/applies force to x2 /:/ [agentive press/| (= da'ergau, da'erzu'e)] /=/ danre (da'e) *depressed, x1 is sad/|/dejected/[unhappy/feels sorrow/grief] about x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ badri (dri) &depressing, x2 of badri *depression (concavity), x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1 /:/ [also pit, |, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)] /=/ kevna (kev ke'a) &depth direction, x2 of condi &depth reference point, x3 of condi &depth standard, x4 of condi &deputed, matter | x2 of vipsi &deputy, x1 of vipsi &deputy, thing having | x3 of vipsi *deputy, x1 is a |/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to principal x3 /:/ [also assistant, adjutant] /=/ vipsi (vip) *derived (of a science, from a methodology), x1 (mass of facts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on methodology x3 /:/ [not limited to science as | by the scientific method, but pertaining to any body of usually-coherent knowledge garnered/gathered/assembled by a consistent methodology] /=/ saske (ske) *derived (of authority), x1 has authority/is an official in/on/over matter/sphere/persons x2 | on basis x3 /:/ /=/ catni (ca'i) &derived, x2 of kanji &derogate, x3 of mabla &derogated, x2 of mabla *derogates (uses a derogative), x3 of: x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 |/'curses at' x2 in form x1 /:/ [bloody (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn] /=/ mabla (mal) *derogative (| connotations), x1 is a | connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in form x1 /:/ [bloody (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn] /=/ mabla (mal) &derogative, x1 of mabla &derogator, x3 of mabla &descendent, x2 of dzena &describe, x1 of skicu *describe, x1 tells about/|-s x2 (object/event/state) to audience x3 with |-tion x4 (property) /:/ /=/ skicu (ski) &described to, x3 of skicu &described, x2 of skicu *describes, x1 tells about/| x2 (object/event/state) to audience x3 with description x4 (property) /:/ /=/ skicu (ski) *describing (of mathematics), x1 is a mathematics of type/| x2 /:/ /=/ cmaci *description (effect of describing), x4 of: x1 tells about/describes x2 (object/event/state) to audience x3 with | x4 (property) /:/ /=/ skicu (ski) *description (labelled with a descriptor, x2 of: x1 is an article/descriptor labelling | x2 (text) in language x3 with semantics x4 /:/ [x2 is the noun phrase/sumti without the article/descriptor; | ((x1 with x2) = gadysu'i); note: 'determiner' has become the accepted general linguistics term, displacing 'article'; however, 'determiner' includes all words that can introduce a noun phrase/sumti, whether a | or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (especially in indefinites) like ci and su'o, and demonstratives like ti, ta, and tu; the term 'descriptor' in Lojban, is limited to words that introduce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma'o LA and LE, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; 'article' typically refers only to a single word; Lojban assumes the broader meaning] /=/ gadri (gad) &description, x4 of skicu *descriptor, x1 is an article/| labelling description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantics x4 /:/ [x2 is the noun phrase/sumti without the article/|; description ((x1 with x2) = gadysu'i); note: 'determiner' has become the accepted general linguistics term, displacing 'article'; however, 'determiner' includes all words that can introduce a noun phrase/sumti, whether a description or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (especially in indefinites) like ci and su'o, and demonstratives like ti, ta, and tu; the term '|' in Lojban, is limited to words that introduce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma'o LA and LE, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; 'article' typically refers only to a single word; Lojban assumes the broader meaning] /=/ gadri (gad) *deserved (of rewards), x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4 /:/ [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense | from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, po'ervelne'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cnemu (nem ne'u) *deserved (| experience/reward), x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 /:/ [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 and x2 are empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a | experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)] /=/ lifri (lif fri) @deserved, see also "earned" *deserves, x1 (agent/person) earns/[|/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity) /:/ [also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna &design, flag | x3 of lanci *design, x2 of: x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 |, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) *designs, x1 (agent) plans/|/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) *desire (something wanted), x2 of: x1 desires/wants/wishes | x2 (event/state) for purpose x3 /:/ [if | is for an object, this is sumti-raising; use tu'a in x2 (or use lujvo = po'edji)] /=/ djica (dji) &desire, x1 of djica &desired for, purpose | x3 of djica &desired, event/state | x2 of djica *desires (hopes for), x1 hopes/wishes for/| x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens /:/ [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers (li "piso'u" to li "piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)] /=/ pacna (pa'a) *desires (wants), x1 |/wants/wishes x2 (event/state) for purpose x3 /:/ [if desire is for an object, this is sumti-raising; use tu'a in x2 (or use lujvo = po'edji)] /=/ djica (dji) *despises, x1 hates/| x2 (object/abstraction); x1 is full of hate for x2; x2 is odious to x1 /:/ [x1 is hateful (one sense); x2 is hateful (different sense)] /=/ xebni (xen xei) *despoil, x1 (event) destroys/ruins/wrecks/|-s x2; x1 is destructive /:/ /=/ daspo (spo) *despoils, x1 (event) destroys/ruins/wrecks/| x2; x1 is destructive /:/ /=/ daspo (spo) *desserts (rewards), x4 of: x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/| x4 /:/ [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, po'ervelne'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cnemu (nem ne'u) *destination (of a route/course), x2 of: x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to | x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/|, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) *destination (of canal/channel), x2 of: x1 is a canal/channel to | x2 from x3 with route x4 /:/ [x2/x3 may be unordered] /=/ naxle (nax xle) *destination (other side of a bridge), x3 of: x1 is a bridge/span over/across x2 between x3 and x4 [unordered, typically | first] /:/ /=/ cripu (rip) *destination (result of going), x2 of: x1 comes/goes to | x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 /:/ [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ klama (kla) *destination (| of a leap), x2 of: x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to | x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 /:/ [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like |] /=/ plipe (pip pi'e) *destination (| of a road), x2 of: x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered) /:/ [a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelling] /=/ dargu (dag) *destination (| of carrying), x1 carries/hauls/bears/| cargo x2 to | x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) *destination (| of dive), x2 of: x1 dives/swoops [manner of controlled falling] to | x2 from x3 /:/ /=/ sfubu (sub su'u) *destination (| of fall), x2 of: x1 falls/drops to | x2 from x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4 /:/ [note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or tide as well as gravity; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] /=/ farlu (fal fa'u) *destination (| of mail), x3 of: x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to | x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5 /:/ [also x4 post office, mailbox] /=/ mrilu (mri) *destination (| of movement), x2 of: x1 (object) moves to |/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) &destination for cargo, x3 of bevri &destination of a leap, x2 of plipe *destination side (result of penetrating motion), x3 of: x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to | x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) &destination, x2 of klama &destination, x2 of pluta &destination, canal | x2 of naxle &destination, flow | x3 of flecu &destination, move | x2 of muvdu *destined (of something subject to a destiny), x2 of: x1 is a fate/destiny of x2; [doom, curse are mabla-forms]; x2 is fated/predestined/doomed to x1 /:/ [fated/|/doomed (= seldimna)] /=/ dimna (dim) &destined, x2 of dimna &destiny, person/thing subjected to | x2 of dimna *destiny, x1 is a fate/| of x2; [doom, curse are mabla-forms]; x2 is fated/predestined/doomed to x1 /:/ [fated/destined/doomed (= seldimna)] /=/ dimna (dim) &destroy, x1 of daspo *destroy, x1 (event) |-s/ruins/wrecks/despoils x2; x1 is destructive /:/ /=/ daspo (spo) &destroyed, x2 of daspo *destroys, x1 (event) |/ruins/wrecks/despoils x2; x1 is destructive /:/ /=/ daspo (spo) *destructive, x1 (event) destroys/ruins/wrecks/despoils x2; x1 is | /:/ /=/ daspo (spo) *detail (particular feature), x1 is a |/feature/particular of x2 /:/ /=/ tcila (til) *detail (something examined closely), x2 of: x1 analyzes/examines-in-| x2 by method/technique/system x3 [process/activity] /:/ /=/ lanli (lal) &detail, x1 of tcila &detailed, x2 of tcila *details, x4 of: x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du'u) /:/ [explanation x4 is an underlying mechanism/|/purpose/method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word not a simple expression of cause] /=/ ciksi (cki) &detect vanished object, sensor which doesn't | x3 of canci *detected (of an odor), x1 is an odor/fragrance/scent/smell emitted by x2 and | by observer/sensor x3 /:/ [an undetected emitter is odorless to the observer] /=/ panci (pan) *detected (sensed), x2 of: x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is | (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) &detected, x2 of zgana *detected, x1 is dim/dull/pale/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as |/measured by observer x3 /:/ [in colors, indicates unsaturated, pastel, pale (though blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)] /=/ kandi (kad) *detected, x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as |/measured by observer x3 /:/ [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)] /=/ carmi (cam cai) *detects, x1 [observer] senses/|/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) *determined (fated by luck/fortune), x1 (event/property) is | by the luck/fortune of x2; (note mabla/zabna not implied) /:/ /=/ funca (fun fu'a) *determiner, x1 is an article/descriptor labelling description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantics x4 /:/ [x2 is the noun phrase/sumti without the article/descriptor; description ((x1 with x2) = gadysu'i); note: '|' has become the accepted general linguistics term, displacing 'article'; however, '|' includes all words that can introduce a noun phrase/sumti, whether a description or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (especially in indefinites) like ci and su'o, and demonstratives like ti, ta, and tu; the term 'descriptor' in Lojban, is limited to words that introduce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma'o LA and LE, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; 'article' typically refers only to a single word; Lojban assumes the broader meaning] /=/ gadri (gad) *determines (forces), x1 [force] (ka) forces/compels event x2 to occur; x1 | property x2 to manifest /:/ [also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)] /=/ bapli (bap bai) *determining (of a comparison), x1 [observer] compares x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), | comparison x5 (state) /:/ /=/ karbi (kab) *determining (of a gene), x1 is a gene of creature [or locus on creature] x2 | trait/process x3 /:/ [also chromosome = (gincilta, ginpoi)] /=/ jgina (gin) *determining (of a judge), x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge |/deciding matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) *determining (of a reference frame), x1 is a frame of reference/standard for observing/measuring/| x2, with/by rules x3 /:/ (x1 may be object or si'o idea) /=/ manri (mar) *determining (of a scale), x1 (si'o) is a scale of units for measuring/observing/| x2 (state) /:/ /=/ ckilu (ci'u) *determining (structure | form), x1 is a frame/structure/skeleton/outline supporting/load-bearing/| the form of x2 /:/ /=/ greku (rek) *detours around, x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) /:/ [also | around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] /=/ rivbi (riv) *Deutsch (sound clue, German word for 'German'), x1 reflects German/Germanic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ dotco (dot do'o) &devastated by, x2 of betri &develop, x1 of farvi *develop, x1 |-s/evolves towards/into x2 from x3 through stages x4 /:/ /=/ farvi (fav) &developed from, x3 of farvi &developed, x2 of farvi *developing (growing), x1 grows/expands [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3 /:/ [also rising, |; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increases] /=/ banro (ba'o) *development (growth), x1 grows/expands [an increasing |] to size/into form x2 from x3 /:/ [also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increases] /=/ banro (ba'o) &development stages, x4 of farvi *develops, x1 |/evolves towards/into x2 from x3 through stages x4 /:/ /=/ farvi (fav) *deviant, x1 is strange/weird/|/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [also alien, mysterious, |, queer, unusual, exotic] /=/ cizra (ciz) *device (apparatus), x1 is apparatus/mechanism/|/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by x3 (agent) /:/ [form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)] /=/ cabra (ca'a) *device (braking |), x3 of: x1 (agent) brakes/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with |/mechanism/principle x3 /:/ /=/ jabre *device (explosive |), x1 is a bomb/explosive | with explosive material/principle x2 /:/ /=/ jbama (bam) *device (incendiary |/match), x1 is a match [incendiary |] made of x2 /:/ /=/ sacki *device (wheeled |), x2 of: x1 is a wheel [tool] of |/vehicle x2, made of materials/having properties x3 /:/ /=/ xislu (xil xi'u) *device (writing | for ink), x3 of: x1 is a quantity of ink of color/pigment x2 used by writing | x3 /:/ /=/ xinmo (xim) &device, braking | x3 of jabre *devil, x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, demon or | (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) *devotion (feels |), x1 loves/feels strong affectionate | towards x2 (object/state) /:/ [also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (= selprami for reordered places)] /=/ prami (pam pa'i) *dew, x1 condenses/liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is |/condensate on x2 /:/ /=/ lunsa (lus) &diagnosis, x3 of mikce *diagram, x1 is a chart/|/map of/about x2 showing formation/data-points x3 /:/ /=/ cartu (cat) *dialect, x1 is a/the language/| used by x2 to express/communicate x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote) /:/ [also tongue] /=/ bangu (ban bau) &diameter, ring inside | x3 of djine &diameter, ring outside | x4 of djine *diameter, x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside | x3, outside | x4 /:/ [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)] /=/ djine (jin) *diamond (carbon), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of carbon/graphite/[|]/charcoal; x1 is organic /:/ /=/ tabno (tab) *diamond (diagonally oriented square form), x1 is a right-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) /:/ [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/| (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)] /=/ kurfa (kur) *die, x1 is dead/has ceased to be alive /:/ [|/mortal (= mrobi'o, co'urji'e)] /=/ morsi (mro) &differ, x1 of frica *differ, x1 |-s/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [also other-than (less common meaning)] /=/ frica (fic) &differed from, x2 of frica *difference (of a parallel), x3 of: x1 parallels x2 differing only in property/| x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 /:/ [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra *difference (only | between), x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 /:/ [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only | between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra *difference (| between), x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [also other-than (less common meaning); x3 is a | between x1 and x2] /=/ frica (fic) &difference property, x3 of frica &difference, x4 of mleca &difference, x4 of vimcu &difference, x4 of zmadu *different from, x1 isn't the-same-thing-as/is |/other-than x2 by standard x3; x1 is something else /:/ /=/ drata (dat) *different time, x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, another, instance, |, other, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) *differing (of a parallel), x1 parallels x2 | only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 /:/ [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra *differs (contrasts with), x1 |/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [also other-than (less common meaning); x3 is a difference between x1 and x2] /=/ frica (fic) &difficult, x1 of nandu &difficult, find | x2 of nandu *difficult, x1 is |/hard/challenging for x2 under conditions x3; x1 challenges (non-agentive) x2 /:/ /=/ nandu (nad) &difficulty condition, x3 of nandu &dig, x1 of kakpa *dig, x1 (agent) |-s x2 [material] up/out of x3 [source/hole] with limbs/tool(s) x4 /:/ [also x1 cuts into x3 (with material removal)] /=/ kakpa *digestive system (entrails, body part), x1 is a/the gut(s)/entrails/intestines/viscera/innards/| [body-part] of x2 /:/ [metaphor: process hub] /=/ canti *digestive tract (defined by function), x1 is a/the abdomen/belly/lower trunk [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection] /:/ [also stomach (= djaruntyrango), | (= befctirango, befctirangyci'e)] /=/ betfu (bef be'u) *digging (| implement), x1 is a shovel/spade [bladed | implement] for | x2 /:/ /=/ canpa (cna) &digging tool, x4 of kakpa *digit (finger/toe), x1 is a/the finger/|/toe [body-part] on limb/body site x2 of body x3; [metaphor: peninsula] /:/ [finger (= xandegji), toe (= jmadegji)]; , /=/ degji (deg) *digit (quantifier), x1 (li) is a number/quantifier/|/value/figure [noun]; refers to the value and not the symbol /:/ /=/ namcu (nac na'u) *digit (symbol), x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/|/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 /:/ [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol] /=/ lerfu (ler le'u) *digs, x1 (agent) | x2 [material] up/out of x3 [source/hole] with limbs/tool(s) x4 /:/ [also x1 cuts into x3 (with material removal)] /=/ kakpa &dim, x1 of kandi &dim, find | x3 of kandi *dim, x1 is |/dull/pale/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [in colors, indicates unsaturated, pastel, pale (though blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)] /=/ kandi (kad) &dimension, x1 of cimde &dimension, x3 of gradu &dimension, .001's | x3 of milti &dimension, .01's | x3 of centi &dimension, .1's | x3 of decti &dimension, 10's | x3 of dekto &dimension, 100's | x3 of xecto &dimension, 1000's | x3 of kilto &dimension, 1E-12's | x3 of picti &dimension, 1E-15's | x3 of femti &dimension, 1E-18's | x3 of xatsi &dimension, 1E-21's | x3 of zepti &dimension, 1E-24's | x3 of gocti &dimension, 1E-6's | x3 of mikri &dimension, 1E-9's | x3 of nanvi &dimension, 1E12's | x3 of terto &dimension, 1E15's | x3 of petso &dimension, 1E18's | x3 of xexso &dimension, 1E21's | x3 of zetro &dimension, 1E24's | x3 of gotro &dimension, 1E6's | x3 of megdo &dimension, 1E9's | x3 of gigdo &dimension, bigness | x2 of barda &dimension, breadth | x2 of ganra &dimension, narrow | x2 of jarki &dimension, shortness | x2 of tordu &dimension, smallness | x2 of cmalu &dimension, snugness | x3 of tagji &dimension, spiral | x3 of sarlu &dimension, stretch | x3 of tcena &dimension, thickness | x2 of rotsu &dimension, thing having | x2 of cimde *dimension, x1 (property - ka) is a | of space/object x2 according to rules/model x3 /:/ /=/ cimde &dimensional model, x3 of cimde *dimensionality (| of a spiral/helix), x3 of: x1 is a spiral/helix/whorl/[vortex] [shape/form] with limits x2, of | x3 /:/ /=/ sarlu &dimensionality, polyhedron cube | x2 of kubli &dimensionality, right-angle | x3 of kurfa *dimensionless, x1 is a point/instant/moment [0-dimensional shape/form] in/on/at time/place x2 /:/ [x1 is |] /=/ mokca (moc) *dimensions (number of | of a regular polyhedron/polygon), x2 of: x1 is a cube/regular polyhedron/polygon of | x2 (default 3), surfaces/sides x3 (default 6) /:/ /=/ kubli (kub) *dimensions (| of right-angled form), x3 of: x1 is a right-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, | x3 (default 2) /:/ [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)] /=/ kurfa (kur) *diminished, x1 (experiencer) decreases/contracts/is reduced/| in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jdika &dimness property, x2 of kandi *din, x1 is a noise/|/clamor [sensory input without useful information] to x2 via sensory channel x3 /:/ /=/ savru (sav vru) *dinar, x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, |, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) &diner, x3 of gusta *diner, x1 is a restaurant/cafe/| serving type-of-food x2 to audience x3 /:/ /=/ gusta *dinero (sound clue, Spanish word for 'money' used colloquially in English), x1 is money/currency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fiscal /:/ ['currency' sometimes is restricted to paper money (= pledi'i)] /=/ jdini (din di'i) &diplomat function, x4 of jansu &diplomat posting, x3 of jansu &diplomat, x1 of jansu &diplomat, represented by | x2 of jansu *diplomat, x1 is a |/consul representing polity x2 in/at negotiation x3 for function/purpose x4 /:/ [(for) x3 polity, (use tu'a); also ambassador (= raljansu, trujansu)] /=/ jansu (jas) *direct (straight/linear), x1 is straight/|/line segment/interval between x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is linear /:/ /=/ sirji (sir) *directed (of a team, by a manager/chief/conductor/director), x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 |/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) &direction climbed, x3 of cpare &direction from, x3 of farna &direction surrounded, x3 of sruri &direction to, x2 of farna &direction, x1 of farna &direction, adjacency | x4 of lamji &direction, depth | x2 of condi &direction, length | x2 of clani &direction, meters | x3 of mitre &direction, muchness | x3 of mutce &direction, rotational | x3 of carna &direction, shallow | x2 of caxno &direction, stiffness | x2 of tinsa &direction, tautness | x2 of trati &direction, thinness | x2 of cinla &direction, throwing | x3 of renro &direction, turn | x3 of carna &direction, wind | x2 of brife *direction, x1 is the | of x2 (object/event) from origin/in frame of reference x3 /:/ [x2 is towards x1 from x3 (= selfa'a for reordered places)] /=/ farna (far fa'a) *directly (| above), x1 is |/vertically above/upwards-from x2 in gravity/frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ gapru (gap) *directly (| across/beyond), x1 is located across/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 /:/ [also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo'e); | across/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the boundary] /=/ ragve (rav) *directly (| beneath), x1 is |/vertically beneath/below/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of reference x3 /:/ [also underside, nether] /=/ cnita (nit ni'a) *director, x3 of: x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 |; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) *directors (board of |), x1 (mass) is a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3 /:/ [board of |/trustees (= trukamni, gritrukamni)] /=/ kamni *directors (board of |), x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of |/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni, gritrukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *directs, x1 has control over/harnesses/manages/|/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance) /:/ [x2 are aspects/individuals controlled within activity/event x3; manage (= selzu'etro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)] /=/ jitro (tro) *dirt (clay), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of clay [moist, clammy |] of composition including x2 /:/ /=/ kliti (kit) *dirt (contaminant), x1 (object) is clean/pure of material/contaminant/| x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ jinsa (jis) *dirt (soil), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of |/soil/earth/ground from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also: x1 is earthen; x3: composition including x3, which need not be exhaustive of composition] /=/ dertu (der de'u) &dirt composition, x3 of dertu &dirt source, x2 of dertu &dirt, x1 of dertu &dirt, x2 of jinsa &dirt, x3 of lumci *disagreeable (bitter/acrid), x1 is bitter/acrid/sharply | to observer/sense x2 /:/ /=/ kurki *disappears, x1 vanishes/| from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3 /:/ [also leaves, goes away (one sense)] /=/ canci *disaster, x1 is a tragedy/|/tragic for x2 /:/ /=/ betri (bet) *discerns (consciously recognizes), x1 is conscious/aware of x2 (object/abstract); x1 |/recognizes x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also: x1 knows [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies some amount of mental processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, and may also be applied to mental relationships that are not detected by the senses] /=/ sanji (saj) *discerns (detects/notices), x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, |/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) *discipline (punish), x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state) /:/ [also chastise, castigate, chasten, |, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty] /=/ sfasa (sfa) *disciplined (strongly |, regimented), x1 is military/regimented/is strongly |/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/| as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)] /=/ bilni (bil) *disciplined, x1 is military/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared/| by system x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)] /=/ bilni (bil) *disconcerted, x1 is embarrassed/|/flustered/ill-at-ease about/under conditions x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ burna *discontinuity (of a corner), x1 is a corner/point/at-least-3-dimensional [solid] angle [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3 /:/ [also apex; a corner exists on three dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests a | in slope in some direction; i.e. in some planar cross-section] /=/ kojna (koj ko'a) &discontinuity, x2 of suksa *discontinuous (of a sudden change), x1 (event/state) is sudden/sharply changes at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3 /:/ [also abrupt, |] /=/ suksa (suk) &discover, x1 of facki *discover, x1 |-s/finds out x2 (du'u) about subject/object x3; x1 finds (fi) x3 (object) /:/ /=/ facki (fak fa'i) &discovered, x2 of facki &discovered, subject | x3 of facki *discovers, x1 |/finds out x2 (du'u) about subject/object x3; x1 finds (fi) x3 (object) /:/ /=/ facki (fak fa'i) &discovery, x2 of facki *discuss (mutually converse about a subject), x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) |(es)/talk(s) about topic/subject x2 /:/ [also chat, converse] /=/ casnu (snu) *discuss (talk about a subject to someone), x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4 /:/ [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/|/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)] /=/ tavla (tav ta'a) &discussant(s), x1 of casnu &discussed, x2 of casnu %discussing, x1 is an event of x2(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) |/talking about topic/subject x3 /:/ [also x1 is a chat/conversation/discussion/palaver] /=/ nunsnu &discussion subject, x2 of casnu %discussion, x1 is an event of x2(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discussing/talking about topic/subject x3 /:/ [also x1 is a chat/conversation/|/palaver] /=/ nunsnu *disease (cancer), x1 is a cancer [malignant |] in x2 /:/ /=/ kenra (ken) *disease (treated in hospital), x3 of: x1 is a hospital treating patient(s) x2 for condition/injuries/|/illness x3 /:/ [hospice (a place where x2 of spita is lenu mrobi'o = mrospita)] /=/ spita *disease (| causing illness), x3 of: x1 is ill/sick/diseased with symptoms x2 from | x3 /:/ /=/ bilma (bi'a) *disease (| warded by vaccine), x3 of: x1 is a vaccine/immune-system stimulant protecting x2 against | x3 introduced by method x4 /:/ [also serum; inoculation (= jestu'u veljinku)] /=/ jinku &disease, x3 of bilma *diseased, x1 is ill/sick/| with symptoms x2 from disease x3 /:/ /=/ bilma (bi'a) *disgust (causes |), x1 is repugnant to/causes | to x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ rigni (rig) &disgust conditions, x3 of rigni &disgusted, x2 of rigni *disgusted, x1 is repugnant to/causes disgust to/| x2 under conditions x3; x2 is | by x1 /:/ /=/ rigni (rig) &disgusting, x1 of rigni *disgusting, x1 is repugnant to/causes disgust/is | to x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ rigni (rig) *disgusts, x1 is repugnant to/causes disgust to/| x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ rigni (rig) &dish, meal | x2 of sanmi *dish, x1 (mass) is a meal composed of dishes including x2 /:/ [x2 is a course/| of meal x1 (= selsai for reordered places)] /=/ sanmi (sai) *dish, x1 is a plate/|/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave food service bed] made of material x2 /:/ /=/ palta *dishes (parts of a meal), x2 of: x1 (mass) is a meal composed of | including x2 /:/ [x2 is a course/dish of meal x1 (= selsai for reordered places)] /=/ sanmi (sai) &disjunction, x1 of vlina *disjunction, x1 is a logical alternation/|, stating that x2 (du'u) and/or x3 (du'u) is/are true /:/ /=/ vlina *disk, x1 is round/circular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a |/circle/ring /:/ [normally used for a filled-in circle/|, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring'] /=/ cukla (cuk) *disordered, x1 is chaotic/| in property/aspect x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ kalsa (kas) &disparage, x3 of mabla &disparaged, x2 of mabla *display (medium stimulated to | marks), x2 of: x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 /:/ [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to | marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)] /=/ pinsi (pis) *display (on |), x1 is the view/scene/panorama/sight/prospect of x2 (object/location) from point-of-view x3 /:/ [also x1 is on | to x2/x3] /=/ jvinu (vin ji'u) *display medium, x1 inscribes/writes x2 on |/storage medium x3 with writing implement x4; x1 is a scribe /:/ [also x3 writing surface] /=/ ciska (ci'a) *displayed (properties | by a mass), x1 is a mass/team/aggregate/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointly /:/ [A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) | by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individual set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily relevant to the mass property implicit in this bridi] /=/ gunma (gum) &displayed, x2 of jarco *displaying (system | synergistic properties), x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set completely specified) | x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] /=/ ciste (ci'e) *displays humility, x1 is humble/modest about x2 (abstraction); x1 | about x2 /:/ /=/ cumla (cul) *displays personality, x1 is a person/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 |/has a persona /:/ /=/ prenu (pre) *displays, x1 (agent) shows/exhibits/|/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3 /:/ [reveal (= tolmipygau, mipyja'o, sivja'o); also: x1 shows that x2, x1 shows off x2; showing an object is generally expressed with a tu'a x2, since the properties of the shown object (other than its presence) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)] /=/ jarco (ja'o) *dispute (something not taken sides on), x1 is neutral/not taking sides/medial/not towards any extreme on scale/in dissension x2 /:/ [also x2 |/struggle (though x2 is not limited to disagreements, which is merely one manifestation of scalar or distributed values in which there is a medial position)] /=/ nutli (nul nu'i) *disrupt, x1 (event) interrupts/stops/halts/[|-s] x2 (object/event/process) due to quality x3 /:/ /=/ dicra (dir) *disruptive (irritating/distracting), x1 (event) annoys/irritates/bothers/distracts x2 /:/ [also: is | to] /=/ fanza (faz) *disruptive (troubling, causing problems), x1 (event) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3 /:/ [also afflicts, is | to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)] /=/ raktu (ra'u) &disruptive, x3 of dicra *disrupts (hinders/interferes with), x1 (event/state) interferes with/hinders/| x2 (event/state/process) due to quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also blocks, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation] /=/ zunti (zun zu'i) *disrupts (interrupts/stops), x1 (event) interrupts/stops/halts/[|]/disturbs x2 (object/event/process) due to quality x3 /:/ /=/ dicra (dir) *dissension (| with neutral position), x2 of: x1 is neutral/not taking sides/medial/not towards any extreme on scale/in | x2 /:/ [also x2 dispute/struggle (though x2 is not limited to disagreements, which is merely one manifestation of scalar or distributed values in which there is a medial position)] /=/ nutli (nul nu'i) &dissolve, x1 of runta *dissolve, x1 |-s in solvent x2 forming solution/[suspension] x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [suspension (= pucyteryrunta, pucyxre)] /=/ runta *dissolves, x1 | in solvent x2 forming solution/[suspension] x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [suspension (= pucyteryrunta, pucyxre)] /=/ runta &distance property, x3 of darno *distance, x1 is x2 (default 1) long local | unit(s) [non-metric], x3 subunits, standard x4 /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ minli *distance, x1 is x2 (default 1) short local | unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [foot (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjamgutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ gutci (guc) *distant, x1 is far/| from x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ darno (dar da'o) *distilled, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of liquor/spirits | from x2 /:/ /=/ jikru *distinct, x1 differs/is | from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [also other-than (less common meaning)] /=/ frica (fic) *distinguish (| universe from non-universe), x3 of: x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 /:/ [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which | the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) *distinguished, x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, |, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) &distorts, x2 of ranti *distracts, x1 (event) annoys/irritates/bothers/| x2 /:/ [also: is disruptive to] /=/ fanza (faz) *distressed, x1 is anguished/|/emotionally wrought/stressed by x2 /:/ /=/ dunku (duk du'u) &distressing, x2 of dunku *distribute, x1 is |-d/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) /:/ [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive |-tion (= fairgau, fairzu'e)] /=/ fatri (fai) &distributed, x1 of fatri *distributed, x1 is |/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) /:/ [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)] /=/ fatri (fai) *distribution (agentive |), x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) /:/ [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive | (= fairgau, fairzu'e)] /=/ fatri (fai) *distribution (probability | governing random event), x3 of: x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability | x3 /:/ [also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")] /=/ cunso (cun cu'o) *distribution (| system/network with stations), x2 of: x1 is a station/node of/in/on transport/communication/| system/network x2 /:/ [x2 may be represented by massed vehicles of system] /=/ tcana &distribution, probability | x3 of cunso &distribution, random | x3 of cunso *disturb, x1 (event) interrupts/stops/halts/[disrupts]/disturbs x2 (object/event/process) due to quality x3 /:/ [also |-s (one sense)] /=/ dicra (dir) *disturbs (interrupts), x1 (event) interrupts/stops/halts/[disrupts]/| x2 (object/event/process) due to quality x3 /:/ /=/ dicra (dir) *disturbs (troubles/causes problems), x1 (event) troubles/| x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3 /:/ [also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)] /=/ raktu (ra'u) *diurnal (pertaining to daytime/daylight), x1 is the daytime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is | (vs. nocturnal) /:/ /=/ donri (dor do'i) *diurnal (pertaining to full days), x1 is x2 full days in duration (default is 1 day) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ [today (= cabdei); tomorrow (= bavlamdei); yesterday (= prulamdei)] /=/ djedi (dje dei) &dive, x1 of sfubu *dive, x1 |-s/swoops [manner of controlled falling] to x2 from x3 /:/ /=/ sfubu (sub su'u) &dived from, x3 of sfubu &dived to, x2 of sfubu *dives, x1 |/swoops [manner of controlled falling] to x2 from x3 /:/ /=/ sfubu (sub su'u) ÷, x1 of fendi *divide, x1 (agent) |-s/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/individuals x3 by method/partition x4 /:/ [also segments] /=/ fendi (fed) *divided (mathematical), x2 of: x1 is a quotient of 'x2/x3' [dividend x2 | by divisor x3], leaving remainder x4 /:/ /=/ dilcu ÷d, x2 of fendi *dividend (in a quotient), x1 is a quotient of 'x2/x3' [| x2 divided by divisor x3], leaving remainder x4 /:/ /=/ dilcu *dividend (in a ratio), x2 of: x1 (me'o, fraction) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3] /:/ [also x1 fraction/proportion/quotient; x2 |/numerator; x3 divisor/denominator] /=/ parbi (pab) ÷nd, x2 of dilcu @dividend, see also "fraction", "numerator", "profit", "interest", "rent", "reward" *divides (cuts through), x1 (tool/blade/force) cuts [through]/splits/| x2 (object) into pieces x3 /:/ [for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; agentive cutting (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)] /=/ katna (ka'a) *divides (partitions), x1 (agent) |/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/individuals x3 by method/partition x4 (an object in x4 usually requires tu'a) /:/ [also segments] /=/ fendi (fed) @divides, see also "quotient" *divine, x1 is a/the god/deity of people(s)/religion x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is | /:/ [also divinity] /=/ cevni (cev cei) *divinity, x1 is a/the god/deity of people(s)/religion x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is divine /:/ [also |] /=/ cevni (cev cei) &division method, x4 of fendi &division, x3 of fendi &division, remainder in | x4 of dilcu *division, x1 is a quotient of 'x2/x3' [dividend x2 divided by divisor x3], leaving remainder x4 /:/ /=/ dilcu *divisor (in a quotient), x1 is a quotient of 'x2/x3' [dividend x2 divided by | x3], leaving remainder x4 /:/ /=/ dilcu *divisor (in a ratio), x1 (me'o, fraction) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3] /:/ [also x1 fraction/proportion/quotient; x2 dividend/numerator; x3 |/denominator] /=/ parbi (pab) &divisor, x3 of dilcu @divisor, see also "fraction", "denominator" *do (ability to |), x1 is able to |/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state) /:/ [also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (= plika'e)] /=/ kakne (ka'e) *do (assist in |-ing), x1 helps/assists/aids object/person x2 |/achieve/maintain event/activity x3 /:/ /=/ sidju (dju) *do (bring about, agentive), x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 |-es/brings about x2 /:/ /=/ gasnu (gau) *do (dares to |), x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to |/be x2 (event/ka) /:/ [x1 is bold] /=/ darsi *do (free to |), x1 is free/at liberty to |/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2] /=/ zifre (zif zi'e) *do (obligation to |), x1 is bound/obliged to/has the duty to |/be x2 in/by standard/agreement x3; x1 must | x2 /:/ [also x3 frame of reference] /=/ bilga (big) *do (order to |), x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur /:/ [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to |/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) *do (reciprocally), x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) /:/ [members of x1 | to each other/one another x2, and in return | x2; x1 (plural set) | the same thing to each other] /=/ simxu (sim si'u) *do (tries to |), x1 tries/attempts/makes an effort to |/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3 /:/ [also experiments at] /=/ troci (toc toi) *do (uses tool to |), x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 /:/ [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to | x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, le'irplicu'a)] /=/ pilno (pli) &do expertly, x2 of certu &do magic, x3 of makfa *do the same thing, x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) /:/ [members of x1 do to each other/one another x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) | x2 to each other] /=/ simxu (sim si'u) &do, x1 of gasnu &do, helped to | x3 of sidju &doctor, x1 of mikce *doctor, x1 |-s/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) &doctored, x2 of mikce *doctors, x1 |/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) *document (container of pages), x2 of: x1 is a [physical] page/leaf of book/|/bound mass of pages x2 /:/ [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)] /=/ papri prytcidylai *document (something read from), x3 of: x1 [agent] reads x2 [text] from surface/|/reading material x3; x1 is a reader /:/ /=/ tcidu (tid) &document, x3 of tcidu *doe, x1 is a deer/elk/moose/[hart/stag/|] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ mirli *doe, x1 is a female/| of species x2 evidencing feminine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is feminine /:/ /=/ fetsi (fet fe'i) *doe, x1 is a rabbit/hare/[|] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ ractu *does (easily), x1 (action) is easy/simple/facile for x2 (agent) under conditions x3; x2 | x1 freely/easily /:/ /=/ frili (fil) *does (freely), x1 is free/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily | x2] /=/ zifre (zif zi'e) &does it, x1 of broda &does it, x1 of brode &does it, x1 of brodi &does it, x1 of brodo &does it, x1 of brodu *does not, x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2 /:/ [baffled (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/| complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1] /=/ fliba (fli) *does poorly, x1 is bad for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2 /:/ [be careful to distinguish between a bad/unacceptable event, and a bad/unacceptable agent: x1 | (= lenu ko'a gasnu cu xlali and not normally ko'a xlali)] /=/ xlali (xla) *does, x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 |/brings about x2 /:/ /=/ gasnu (gau) &doesn't detect vanished object, sensor which | x3 ofcanci &dog species, x2 of gerku &dog, x1 of gerku *dog, x1 is a fox [bushy-tailed wild |/canine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ lorxu (lor lo'u) *dog, x1 is a wolf/lupine/never-domesticated | of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ labno *dog, x1 is a |/canine/[bitch] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ gerku (ger ge'u) *doing (capable of |), x1 is able to do/be/capable of |/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state) /:/ [also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (= plika'e)] /=/ kakne (ka'e) *doing (fast at |), x1 is fast/swift/quick/hastes/rapid at |/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ sutra (sut) *doing (lever for |), x1 is a lever [tool] [of apparatus] for | x2 [function/action], with fulcrum x3 and arm x4 /:/ /=/ vraga (vra) *doing (method of |), x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for | x2 (event) under conditions x3 /:/ [also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)] /=/ tadji *doing (relaxes by |), x1 relaxes/rests/is at ease in/by |/being x2 (activity) /:/ /=/ surla (sur) *doing (responds to |), x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 /:/ [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object | something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is |] /=/ spuda (spu) *doing (response to |), x3 of: x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 /:/ [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object | something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is |] /=/ spuda (spu) *doing (ridicules by |), x1 ridicules/mocks/scoffs at x2 about x3 (property/event) by | activity x4 (event) /:/ /=/ ckasu (cas) *doing (slow at |), x1 is slow/sluggish at |/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ masno (sno) *doing (talant for |), x1 has a talent/aptitude/innate skill for |/being x2 /:/ /=/ stati *doing (tool for |), x1 is a tool/utensil/resource/instrument/implement used for | x2; [form determines function] /:/ /=/ tutci (tci) *doing (| in error), x1 errs in |/being/making mistake x2 (event), an error under conditions x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ srera (sre) *doing (| while having fun), x2 of: x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 /:/ [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) | x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2] /=/ zdile (zdi) *doing (| with purpose/goal), x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 /:/ [also acting at, undertaking, |; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end] /=/ zukte (zuk zu'e) *doing (| without purpose/goal being necessary), x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2 /:/ /=/ gasnu (gau) &dollar, x1 of rupnu *dollar, x1 is measured in major-money-units (|/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 /:/ [also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value] /=/ rupnu (rup ru'u) &dollars, worth in | x2 of rupnu *domain (limited |), x3 of: x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/| x3 /:/ [restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)] /=/ jimte (jit) *domain (territory), x1 is territory/|/space of/belonging to/controlled by x2 /:/ /=/ tutra (tut) *domain (| encompassed by a universe), x2 of: x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of |/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 /:/ [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its |; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) *domain (| governed/ruled), x2 of: x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/|/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *domain (| of a captain/commander/leader), x2 of: x1 is captain/commander/leader/in-charge of vehicle/| x2 /:/ /=/ jatna (ja'a) *domain (| of a function), x2 of: x1 is a function/single-valued mapping from | x2 to range x3 defined by expression/rule x4 /:/ /=/ fancu *domain (| of a state), x2 of: x1 is a polity/state governing territory/| x2; [government/territory relationship] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is civil/political] /=/ jecta (jec je'a) &domain for selection, x3 of cuxna &domain, x2 of diklo &domain, function | x2 of fancu &domain, universe | x2 of munje *domestic (of one's own country), x1 is the country of peoples x2 with land/territory x3; (people/territory relationship) /:/ [also sovereignty, | (as opposed to foreign), nation (when not referring to ethos)] /=/ gugde (gug gu'e) *dominion (sphere of control of a deity), x3 of: x1 is a/the god/deity of people(s)/religion x2 with | over x3 [sphere]; x1 is divine /:/ [also divinity] /=/ cevni (cev cei) &dominion of god, x3 of cevni *donate, x1 [donor] gives/|-s gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange] /:/ [also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdu'a, po'erseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dunda (dud du'a) *donates, x1 [donor] gives/| gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange] /:/ [also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdu'a, po'erseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dunda (dud du'a) &done by method, x2 of tadji &done fast, x2 of sutra &done mutually, x2 of simxu &done slowly, x2 of masno &done with spoon, x2 of smuci &done with talent, x2 of stati &done with tool, x2 of tutci &done, x2 of gasnu &done, freely | x2 of zifre &done, quickly | x2 of sutra *done, x1 (event) is complete/|/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 /:/ [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely] /=/ mulno (mul mu'o) &donkey species, x2 of xasli &donkey, x1 of xasli *donkey, x1 is a |/jackass of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ xasli &donor, x1 of dunda *donor, x1 [|] gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange] /:/ [also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdu'a, po'erseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dunda (dud du'a) *doom, x1 is a fate/destiny of x2; [|, curse are mabla-forms]; x2 is fated/predestined/doomed to x1 /:/ [fated/destined/doomed (= seldimna)] /=/ dimna (dim) *doomed, x2 of: x1 is a fate/destiny of x2; [doom, curse are mabla-forms]; x2 is fated/predestined/| to x1 /:/ [fated/destined/| (= seldimna)] /=/ dimna (dim) &door, x1 of vorme &door, 1st space with | x2 of vorme &door, 2nd space with | x3 of vorme &door, next | x3 of korbi &door, structure with | x4 of vorme *door, x1 is a doorway/gateway/access way between x2 and x3 of structure x4 /:/ [note: emphasis on route nature; solid | (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)] /=/ vorme (vor vro) *doorway (closed passageway), x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a |, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane] /=/ ganlo (ga'o) *doorway (general term), x1 is a |/gateway/access way between x2 and x3 of structure x4 /:/ [note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)] /=/ vorme (vor vro) *doorway (open passageway), x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is open/ajar/not shut permitting passage/access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a |] /=/ kalri (kar) &doubt, x1 of senpi *doubt, x1 |-s/is dubious/|-ful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du'u) is true /:/ [also: x2 is |-ful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)] /=/ senpi (sen) &doubted, x2 of senpi *doubtful (feeling doubt), x1 doubts/is dubious/|/skeptical/questions that x2 (du'u) is true /:/ [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)] /=/ senpi (sen) *doubtful (statement subject to doubt), x2 of: x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du'u) is true /:/ [also: x2 is |/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)] /=/ senpi (sen) *doubts, x1 |/is dubious/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du'u) is true /:/ [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)] /=/ senpi (sen) *dough, x1 is paste/pulp/|/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ pesxu (pex) *down (broken |), x1 is broken/inoperable/broken |/non-utile/not usable for function x2 /:/ [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)] /=/ spofu (pof po'u) *down (directly beneath), x1 is directly/vertically beneath/below/under/underneath/| from x2 in frame of reference x3 /:/ [also underside, nether] /=/ cnita (nit ni'a) *down (gulps |), x1 gulps/swallows /:/ [x1 swallows | [food/drink] x2 (= tulpinxe, tulcti, ctitu'o (the latter two are more general - for food or beverage); swallow/engulf (= galxycti, galxynerbi'o, galxygre] /=/ tunlo (tul tu'o) *down (low, downward), x1 is low/|/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 /:/ [also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself] /=/ dizlo (diz dzi) *downward (lower), x1 is low/down/| in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 /:/ [also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself] /=/ dizlo (diz dzi) *dragon (these animals are ramda'u), x1 is a myth/legend, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4 /:/ [also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures of story/myth/legend/religion, e.g. |; fairy tale (= veryranmi)] /=/ ranmi (ram) *drags, x1 pulls/tugs/draws/| x2 by handle/at locus x3 /:/ [gravity (= ka maicpu, mairckupai)] /=/ lacpu (lap cpu) &drain, x3 of rinci *drain, x1 liquid/fluid drains/strains/flushes from source x2 through |/strainer x3 by force x4 /:/ [x4 is usually gravity] /=/ rinci &drained from, x2 of rinci &drained liquid, x2 of rinci &drained, location that is | x3 of cokcu &drained, material | x1 of rinci *draining (of a river), x1 is a river of landmass x2, | watershed x3 into x4/terminating at x4 /:/ /=/ rirxe (ri'e) &draining force, x4 of rinci *drains, x1 liquid/fluid |/strains/flushes from source x2 through drain/strainer x3 by force x4 /:/ [x4 is usually gravity] /=/ rinci *drake, x1 is a duck/[|] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ datka &drama, x1 of draci &drama, act in | x5 of draci &drama, audience of | x4 of draci &drama, plot of | x2 of draci &drama, subject of | x2 of draci &drama, watch | x4 of draci *drama, x1 is a |/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with actors x5 /:/ [x2 may also be a convention] /=/ draci &dramatic actor, x5 of draci &dramatist, x3 of draci *dramatist, x3 of: x1 is a drama/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by | x3 for audience x4 with actors x5 /:/ [x2 may also be a convention] /=/ draci *drapes, x1 is a curtain/blinds/| for covering/obscuring aperture x2, and made of material x3 /:/ /=/ murta (mur mu'a) &draw picture, x3 of pixra &drawer contents, x3 of dacru &drawer, x1 of dacru *drawer, x1 is a |/file in structure x2, a [sliding compartment] container for contents x3 /:/ /=/ dacru (dac) &drawered, x2 of dacru *drawing, x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; | (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)] /=/ pixra (pir xra) *draws (pulls), x1 pulls/tugs/|/drags x2 by handle/at locus x3 /:/ [gravity (= ka maicpu, mairckupai)] /=/ lacpu (lap cpu) *draws (| picture), x3 of: x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 | x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)] /=/ pixra (pir xra) *dream (noun), x2 of: x1 |-s about/that x2 (fact/idea/event/state); x2 is a |/reverie of x1 /:/ [|/reverie (= selsne)] /=/ senva (sev sne) *dream (verb), x1 |-s about/that x2 (fact/idea/event/state); x2 is a |/reverie of x1 /:/ [|/reverie (= selsne)] /=/ senva (sev sne) &dream [n], x2 of senva &dream subject, x2 of senva &dream, x1 of senva &dreamer, x1 of senva *dreams, x1 | about/that x2 (fact/idea/event/state); x2 is a dream/reverie of x1 /:/ [dream/reverie (= selsne)] /=/ senva (sev sne) &dreamt, x2 of senva *dress (garb/garment for wearing), x1 is |/a garment/clothing for wearing by x2 (gender/species/body part) serving purpose x3 /:/ [also: x2 can wear/is wearing x1; refers to something intended for use as a garment, not merely something that happens to be worn at some time (which need not be true for dasni)] /=/ taxfu (taf ta'u) *dress (robe, full-length garment), x1 is a robe/tunic/gown/cloak/|/[coveralls] [a long/full body garment] of material x2 /:/ [also coveralls (= paspalku)] /=/ pastu (pas) *dress (skirted, garment open at bottom), x1 is a skirt/kilt/| of material x2; x1 is skirted [garment open at the bottom; not legged] /:/ [a skirted garment may be full length (pastu), but must hang below the waist from support above or at the waist] /=/ skaci &dried, liquid | x2 of sudga *drink (beverage), x2 of: x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/|/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of container/source x3 /:/ /=/ pinxe (pix) *drink (liquid swallowed/gulped), x2 of: x1 gulps/swallows /:/ [x1 swallows down [food/|] x2 (= tulpinxe, tulcti, ctitu'o (the latter two are more general - for food or beverage); swallow/engulf (= galxycti, galxynerbi'o, galxygre] /=/ tunlo (tul tu'o) *drink (| thirsted for), x2 of: x1 thirsts for x2; x1 needs/wants |/fluid/lubrication x2 /:/ /=/ taske &drink, x1 of pinxe &drinking vessel, x3 of pinxe *drinks, x1 (agent) |/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of container/source x3 /:/ /=/ pinxe (pix) *drive, x1 is a street/avenue/lane/|/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 /:/ [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it] /=/ klaji (laj) *driven (| fastener), x1 is a nail/tack [pointed |/frictional fastener] of type/size x2 (ka), made of material x3 /:/ /=/ dinko (di'o) *drives, x1 operates/|/runs x2 [apparatus/machine] with goal/objective/use/end/function x3 /:/ /=/ sazri (saz) *driving (providing power to, of a motor), x1 is a motor/engine, |/propelling/providing power to x2 /:/ /=/ matra *dromedary, x1 is a camel/llama/alpaca/vicuna/| of species/breed x2 /:/ [llama (= tcokumte), Bactrian camel (= zdokumte); Arabian camel/| (= rabykumte)] /=/ kumte &drop material, x2 of dirgo &drop, x1 of dirgo @drop, see also "drops", "falls", /=/ "farlu", agentive metaphors include "fall-allow" (= falcru), "fall-agent" (= falgau), "fall-act" (= falzu'e), as well as those based on "release" = "to'e kavbu" (= tolkavbu), to'e jgari (= toljai), possibly combined with "fall" (= faltolkavbu, faltoljai) and their non-agentive reversals (= tolkavyfa'u, toljaifa'u) *drop, x1 is a | [small, cohesive shape] of material [liquid/vapor] x2 in surrounding material x3 /:/ /=/ dirgo (dig) &drops, surround | x3 of dirgo *drops, x1 falls/| to x2 from x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4 /:/ [note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or tide as well as gravity; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] /=/ farlu (fal fa'u) *drug, x1 is an instance of substance/chemical/| x2 (individual or mass) with purity x3 /:/ /=/ xukmi (xum xu'i) &drum, x1 of damri *drum, x1 is a |/cymbal/gong [percussion musical instrument] with beater/actuator x2 /:/ /=/ damri &drumstick, x2 of damri &drunk, x2 of pinxe &dry, x1 of sudga *dry, x1 is | of liquid x2; (adjective:) x1 is arid /:/ /=/ sudga (sud) *drying (| oven)), x1 is an oven [enclosure that heats its contents] for baking/heating/| x2 /:/ /=/ toknu (tok) *dubious, x1 doubts/is |/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du'u) is true /:/ [also: x2 is doubtful/|/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)] /=/ senpi (sen) &duck species, x2 of datka &duck, x1 of datka *duck, x1 is a |/[drake] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ datka &dud, x2 of cfila @due to, see also "because", "result" &dug from, x3 of kakpa &dug out, x2 of kakpa &dug with shovel, thing | x2 of canpa *dull, x1 is dim/|/pale/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [in colors, indicates unsaturated, pastel, pale (though blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)] /=/ kandi (kad) *dung, x1 is a/the feces/excrement/|/shit of x2 (animal/person); (adjective:) x1 is fecal (matter) /:/ [also crap] /=/ kalci &dupe, x2 of tcica *dupes, x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/|/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) *duplicate, x1 is a copy/replica/|/clone of x2 in form/medium x3 made by method x4 (event) /:/ /=/ fukpi (fuk fu'i) *durable (iron as metaphor for |), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of iron (Fe); [metaphor: strong, |, tarnishing] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is ferric/ferrous] /=/ tirse (tir) *durable, x1 survives/endures/undergoes/abides/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 /:/ [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/|] /=/ renvi (rev re'i) *duration (in days), x2 of: x1 is x2 full days in | (default is 1 day) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal /:/ [today (= cabdei); tomorrow (= bavlamdei); yesterday (= prulamdei)] /=/ djedi (dje dei) *duration (in hours), x2 of: x1 is x2 hours in | (default is 1 hour) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ cacra *duration (in minutes), x2 of: x1 is x2 minutes in | (default is 1 minute) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ mentu (met me'u) *duration (in months), x2 of: x1 is x2 months in | (default is 1 month) by month standard x3 /:/ [this month (= cabma'i); next month (= bavylamyma'i); last month (= prulamyma'i)] /=/ masti (ma'i) *duration (in seconds), x2 of: x1 is x2 seconds in | (default is 1 second) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ snidu (nid) *duration (in weeks), x2 of: x1 is x2 weeks in | (default is 1 week) by standard x3 /:/ [re. x3, a week may be more or less than seven days, classically being tied to the time between trips to the marketplace; this week (= cabjeftu); next week (= bavlamjeftu); last week (= prulamjeftu)] /=/ jeftu (jef) *duration (in years), x2 of: x1 is x2 years in | (default is 1 year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual /:/ [this year (= cabna'a); next year (= bavlamna'a); last year (= prulamna'a)] /=/ nanca (na'a) *duration (time interval), x1 is the time-|/interval/period/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to time/event x3 /:/ [also age/elapsed time (= niltei)] /=/ temci (tem tei) *duration (| of survival), x3 of: x1 survives/endures/undergoes/abides/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/| x3 /:/ [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for | x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable] /=/ renvi (rev re'i) &duration in hours, x2 of cacra &duration in minutes, x2 of mentu &duration in months, x2 of masti &duration in seconds, x2 of snidu &duration in weeks, x2 of jeftu &duration in years, x2 of nanca &duration, x1 of temci &duration, x2 of ranji *during, x1 is current at/in the present of/|/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time /:/ [time relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] /=/ cabna (cab) *dusk, x1 is the [astronomical] twilight/dawn/|/half-light/glimmering of day x2 at location x3 /:/ [morning twilight, dawn (= cermurse); evening twilight, | (= vacmurse)] /=/ murse &dust source, x2 of pulce &dust, x1 of pulce *dust, x1 is |/precipitate [suspensible solid] from x2 in medium/on surface x3 /:/ /=/ pulce (puc pu'e) &dusty, x3 of pulce &duty, x2 of bilga *duty, x1 is a tax/levy/| on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4 /:/ [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] /=/ cteki (tek ce'i) *duty, x1 is bound/obliged to/has the | to do/be x2 in/by standard/agreement x3; x1 must do x2 /:/ [also x3 frame of reference] /=/ bilga (big) &dwell, x1 of xabju &dwell, x2 of zdani *dwell, x1 |-s/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode/|-ing x2 /:/ /=/ xabju (xa'u) &dweller, x2 of zdani &dwelling, x2 of xabju *dwells, x1 |/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2 /:/ /=/ xabju (xa'u) %dye, x1 is fuchsin/a | of magenta/fuchsia/purplish-red color /:/ /=/ nukselcinta *each other, x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) /:/ [members of x1 do to | /one another x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing to |] /=/ simxu (sim si'u) &ear, x1 of kerlo &ear, thing having | x2 of kerlo *ear, x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is aural] /=/ kerlo (ker) &eared, x2 of kerlo *earlier (| state, something returned to), x3 of: x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin/| state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 from x4 /:/ [x2 goes back/reverts/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)] /=/ xruti (xru) *earlier than (in the past of), x1 is in the past of/|/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter /:/ [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fa'opru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mu'opru)] /=/ purci (pur pru) &earliness standard, x2 of clira *earlobe (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is aural] /=/ kerlo (ker) &early, x1 of clira *early, x1 (event) is | by standard x2 /:/ /=/ clira (lir) &earn, x1 of jerna &earned, x2 of jerna *earnest, x1 (person) is serious/|/has gravity about x2 (event/state/activity) /:/ [also solemn (= drijunri, ri'irjunri, tcejunri)] /=/ junri (jur) *earnings, x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay/| x2 for work/service x3 (activity) /:/ [also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna *earns, x1 (agent/person) |/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity) /:/ [also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna *Earth's, x1 is | moon (default); x1 is a major natural satellite/moon of planet x2 /:/ /=/ lunra (lur) &earth, x1 of terdi *earth, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of dirt/soil/|/ground from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also: x1 is earthen; x3: composition including x3, which need not be exhaustive of composition] /=/ dertu (der de'u) *earth, x1 is the Earth/the home planet of race x2; (adjective:) x1 is terrestrial/|-bound/|-ly (one sense) /:/ /=/ terdi (ted) *Earth, x1 is the |/the home planet of race x2; (adjective:) x1 is terrestrial/earthbound /:/ /=/ terdi (ted) *earthbound, x1 is the Earth/the home planet of race x2; (adjective:) x1 is terrestrial/| /:/ /=/ terdi (ted) *earthen, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of dirt/soil/earth/ground from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also: x1 is |; x3: composition including x3, which need not be exhaustive of composition] /=/ dertu (der de'u) *earthly, x1 is the Earth/the home planet of race x2; (adjective:) x1 is terrestrial/earthbound/|- (one sense) /:/ /=/ terdi (ted) *ease, x1 relaxes/rests/is at | in/by doing/being x2 (activity) /:/ /=/ surla (sur) *easily (| damaged), x1 is delicate/fragile/subtle/refined in property x2 (ka) /:/ [| damaged or rendered less pleasing/pure/effective] /=/ ralci (rac) *easily (| done, of an action), x1 (action) is easy/simple/facile for x2 (agent) under conditions x3; x2 does x1 freely/| /:/ /=/ frili (fil) &easiness conditions, x3 of frili &east, x1 of stuna &east, x2 of stici &east, frame for | x3 of stuna &east, thing having to the | x2 of stuna *east, x1 is to the |/eastern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ stuna (sun) *eastern, x1 is to the east/| side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ stuna (sun) &easy, x1 of frili &easy, find | x2 of frili *easy, x1 (action) is |/simple/facile for x2 (agent) under conditions x3; x2 does x1 freely/easily /:/ /=/ frili (fil) &eat food, one who can | x2 of cidja &eat, x1 of citka *eat, x1 |-s/ingests/consumes (transitive verb) x2 /:/ /=/ citka (cti) &eaten, x2 of citka &eater, x1 of citka *eating (prepared food for |), x2 of: x1 cooks/prepares food-for-| x2 by recipe/method x3 (process) /:/ [cook with heat (= glajukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)] /=/ jukpa (jup) *eats, x1 |/ingests/consumes (transitive verb) x2 /:/ /=/ citka (cti) *ecclesiastic, x1, x2, and x3 of: x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/| in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) &echo, x4 of minra *echo, x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or | or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) &echoed, x2 of minra *echoes, x1 reflects/mirrors/| x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) &edge, x1 of korbi *edge, x1 is an |/margin/border/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3 /:/ /=/ korbi (kor koi) &edged, x2 of korbi *edges (| of a surface), x4 of: x1 is surface/face [bounded shape/form] of [higher-dimension] object x2, on side x3, | x4 /:/ [also x4 bounds] /=/ sefta (sfe) *edible (of a plant), x3 of: x1 is the | x2 portion of | plant x3; x1 is a vegetable /:/ [note that fruits and nuts are also vegetables; generally this word will be used for either the general category of | plants, or for non-fruit vegetables (= nalrutstagi)] /=/ stagi *edible (of food), x1 is food/feed/nutriment for x2; x1 is |/gives nutrition to x2 /:/ /=/ cidja (dja) *edible (sweet |), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet |] from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (sakybasti, basysakta, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ sakta (sat) *edible (| portion of a plant), x1 and x2 of: x1 is the | x2 portion of plant x3; x1 is a vegetable /:/ [note that fruits and nuts are also vegetables; generally this word will be used for either the general category of | plants, or for non-fruit vegetables (= nalrutstagi)] /=/ stagi *edible fat, x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an |, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)] /=/ matne &edible part, plant | x2 of stagi &edible plant, x3 of stagi *edible starchy root, x1 is a quantity of cassava/taro/manioc/tapioca/yam [|] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ samcu *edible tuber, x1 is a potato [an |] of variety/cultivar x2 /:/ (use samcu for starchy/tuberous roots that do not reproduce from eyes of tuber) /=/ patlu *edifice (building), x1 is a building/| for purpose x2 /:/ /=/ dinju (dij di'u) *edifice (something having a floor/bottom), x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2 /:/ [floor/level/story of a building/| (= setloi, dijysenta)] /=/ loldi (lol loi) *educate, x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) /:/ [also instruct, instructor, |, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] /=/ ctuca (ctu) *educator, x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) /:/ [also instruct, instructor, educate, |, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] /=/ ctuca (ctu) *effect (| of physical cause), x2 of: x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes | x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2] /=/ rinka (rik ri'a) *effect (| of punctuation), x4 of: x1 (agent) punctuates x2 (expression) with symbol/word x3 with syntactic/semantic | x4 /:/ /=/ pandi (pad) *effect (| of seasoning), x2 of: x1 is a seasoning/condiment/spice causing flavor/| x2 (event/property) /:/ [also: x1 flavors x2 (tu'a)] /=/ tsapi &effect, x2 of rinka &effect, area of | x2 of diklo &effect, punctuation | x4 of pandi &effect, seasoning | x2 of tsapi *effects, x1 (event/state) |/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2] /=/ rinka (rik ri'a) %effort (an event of trying), x1 is a try/attempt/|, an event of x2 trying/attempting/making an effort to do/attain x3 (event/state/property) by actions/method x4 /:/ /=/ nuntoi *effort (causing fatigue), x2 of: x1 is tired/fatigued by |/situation x2 (event); x1 needs/wants rest /:/ /=/ tatpi (ta'i) *effort (makes an |/attempt), x1 tries/attempts/makes an | to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3 /:/ [also experiments at] /=/ troci (toc toi) *effort (successful |), x3 of: x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of |/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) *egg (fertilized), x1 is an embryo/zygote/fetus/fertilized | with mother x2, and father x3 /:/ /=/ tarbi *egg (fertilized), x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 /:/ [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized |] /=/ tsiju (tsi) *egg (organ source), x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [|/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ] /=/ ganti *egg (unfertilized, general term), x1 is an |/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 /:/ [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); |, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi] /=/ sovda (sov so'a) &egg, x1 of sovda *ego, x1 is a self/|/id/identity-image of x2 /:/ /=/ sevzi (sez se'i) &Egyptian aspect, x2 of misro &Egyptian, x1 of misro *Egyptian, x1 reflects | culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ misro *either (| or both true), x2 and x3 of: x1 is a logical alternation/disjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and/or x3 (du'u) is/are | /:/ /=/ vlina *elapsed time, x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/[|] from time/event x2 to time/event x3 /:/ [also age/| time (= niltei)] /=/ temci (tem tei) &elastic, x1 of pruni *elastic, (adjective:) x1 is |/springy /:/ /=/ pruni (pun) *elbow (curve), x1 is a curve/turn/bend/| in x2, at locus x3, and defined by set of points/properties x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is curved; (x4 as a set of points is sufficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of the |)] /=/ kruvi (ruv kru) *elbow (hinged joint), x1 is a/the knee/|/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3 /:/ [metaphor: a sharp bend/curve] /=/ cidni (cid) *elbow (| of arm), x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength] /:/ [also | (= bircidni), wrist (= xanterjo'e), appendage (but jimca, rebla preferred)] /=/ birka (bir) &elbow, x1 of cidni *elbow, (a right-angled form) x1 is a right-angled shape/form/| defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) /:/ [also rectangle, square, |; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)] /=/ kurfa (kur) &elbowed, x2 of cidni &elder, x1 of dzena *elder, x1 is an |/ancestor of x2 by bond/tie/degree x3; x1's generation precedes x2's parents /:/ /=/ dzena (dze) &electric charge, x1 of dikca *electric charge, x1 is electricity [| charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (default negative) /:/ [(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron current), charge (= klodikca, stadikca)] /=/ dikca (dic) *electric current, x1 is electricity [| charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (default negative) /:/ [(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron current), charge (= klodikca, stadikca)] /=/ dikca (dic) *electrical arc, x1 is lightning/| arc/thunderbolt striking at/extending to x2 from x3 /:/ [also thunder (= lidysna)] /=/ lindi (lid) *electrical conductor (metaphorical: of copperlike properties), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of copper (Cu); [metaphor: reddish, |] /:/ /=/ tunka (tuk) *electricity, x1 is | [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (default negative) /:/ [(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron current), charge (= klodikca, stadikca)] /=/ dikca (dic) &electrified, x2 of dikca *element (having an atomic number), x2 of: x1 is an atom of |/atomic number x2 of isotope number/atomic weight x3 /:/ /=/ ratni (rat) *element (ingredient in a mixture), x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/| of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)] /=/ mixre (mix xre) *element (| of a set), x1 is a member/| of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group x2 /:/ [x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership] /=/ cmima (mim cmi) &element, chemical | x2 of ratni *elementary particle, x1 is a quantum/ray/|/smallest measurable increment of property/activity x2 /:/ [quantum ray (= bonka'u)] /=/ kantu (ka'u) *elements (existing |, as a basis for invention/creation), x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing |/ideas x4 /:/ [x1 is creative/inventive] /=/ finti (fin fi'i) *elements (| of a system), x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components/| x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x4 systemic functions/properties] /=/ ciste (ci'e) &elephant species, x2 of xanto &elephant, x1 of xanto *elephant, x1 is an | of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ xanto *elevate, x1 (force) lifts/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 /:/ [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/| (= lafmuvgau)] /=/ lafti (laf) *elevation (cloud base), x1 is a cloud/mass of clouds of of material x2 in air mass x3 at floor/base | x4 /:/ /=/ dilnu (dil) &elevation, cloud base | x4 of dilnu *elf, x1 is a fairy/|/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) *elite, x1 is noble/aristocratic/|/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles] /=/ nobli (nol no'i) *elk, x1 is a deer/|/moose/[hart/stag/doe] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ mirli *ellipse (conic section), x1 is a cone [shape/form] of material x2 with vertex x3 /:/ [also |, ellipsoid (= konclupa)] /=/ konju (kon ko'u) *ellipse (ring-like), x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, outside diameter x4 /:/ [also |, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)] /=/ djine (jin) *ellipsoid, x1 is a cone [shape/form] of material x2 with vertex x3 /:/ [also ellipse, | (= konclupa)] /=/ konju (kon ko'u) *else, x1 isn't the-same-thing-as/is different-from/other-than x2 by standard x3; x1 is something | /:/ /=/ drata (dat) &embarrassed person, x1 of burna *embarrassed, x1 is |/disconcerted/flustered/ill-at-ease about/under conditions x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ burna &embarrassing thing, x2 of burna &embodied, x2 of xadni *embrace, x1 grasps/holds/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2) /:/ [hug (= birjai, pamjai); | (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)] /=/ jgari (jai) *embryo (fetus), x1 is an |/zygote/fetus/fertilized egg with mother x2, and father x3 /:/ /=/ tarbi &embryo father, x3 of tarbi &embryo mother, x2 of tarbi &embryo, x1 of tarbi *eminent, x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, |, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) &emit sound, x2 of sance *emits, x1 radiates/| x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ dirce (di'e) *emitted (of a flavor), x1 (ka) is a taste/flavor of/| by x2; x2 tastes of/like x1 /:/ [also: x2 tastes of seasoning x1, x1 is a seasoned flavor of x2 (= tsapyvu'i)] /=/ vrusi (vus vu'i) *emitted (of a sound), x1 is sound produced/| by x2 /:/ [x2 sounds (intransitive verb)] /=/ sance (sna) *emitted (of an odor), x1 is an odor/fragrance/scent/smell | by x2 and detected by observer/sensor x3 /:/ [an undetected emitter is odorless to the observer] /=/ panci (pan) *emoter, x1 (person) feels/has pride in/about x2 (abstraction) /:/ [an emotional combination of satisfaction and respect/esteem towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specific tie to |; self-pride (= se'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu'a for pride in non-specific actions/properties of someone] /=/ jgira (jgi) &emotion felt, x2 of cinmo &emotion, feels | x1 of cinmo &emotion, object of | x3 of cinmo *emotion, x2 of: x1 feels | x2 (ka) about x3 /:/ [also mood/humor (= nuncni)] /=/ cinmo (cni) *emotionally stressed, x1 is anguished/distressed/|/wrought by x2 /:/ /=/ dunku (duk du'u) *emotionally valued, x1 is dear/precious/darling to x2; x1 is | valued by x2 /:/ [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdirba for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dirba (dib) *emotionally wrought, x1 is anguished/distressed/|/stressed by x2 /:/ /=/ dunku (duk du'u) &emotionally, impacts | x3 of cinmo *emphasis (something emphasized), x2 of: x1 emphasizes/accentuates/gives |/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3 /:/ [also: say forcefully] /=/ basna &emphasis, x3 of basna &emphasize, x1 of basna *emphasize, x1 |-s/accentuates/gives emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3 /:/ [also: say forcefully] /=/ basna &emphasized, x2 of basna &emphasizer, x1 of basna *emphasizes, x1 |/accentuates/gives emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3 /:/ [also: say forcefully] /=/ basna *empire (Roman |), x1 reflects Latin/Roman/Romance culture/|/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ latmo (la'o) *empire (Russian |), x1 reflects Russian |/USSR/ex-USSR/CIS culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ softo (sof) *empirical, x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 /:/ [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 and x2 are |; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)] /=/ lifri (lif fri) *employ, x1 uses/|-s x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 /:/ [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/| (= le'ipli, le'irplicu'a)] /=/ pilno (pli) &employed, x2 of jibri &employed, sense | x3 of ganse &employee, x2 of jibri *employing means, x1 is a volitional entity | means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 /:/ [also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end] /=/ zukte (zuk zu'e) *employment, x1 is a job/occupation/|/vocation (a type of work regularly done for pay) of person x2 /:/ [working for another (= selplijibri)]; (cf. te jerna which is | specifically for pay and not specifically for another, te pilno which is | not necessarily for pay and not necessarily regular or lasting but for another, se gasnu and se zukte for incidental activities) /=/ jibri (jib) *employs, x1 uses/| x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 /:/ [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, le'irplicu'a)] /=/ pilno (pli) &emptied, material | x2 of kunti &empty, x1 of kunti *empty, x1 [container] is |/vacant of x2 [material]; x1 is hollow /:/ [also vacuum (= kunti be roda/so'ada)] /=/ kunti (kut) *emulated (guide/model to be |), x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be |] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) *emulsion, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of cream/|/puree [consistency] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]] /=/ kruji (ruj) *encampment, x1 is a camp/|/temporary residence of x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ ginka (gik) *encircle, x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, outside diameter x4 /:/ [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, | (= jinsru)] /=/ djine (jin) *encircles, x1 |/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) &enclose, x2 of nenri &enclosed, x2 of sruri *encloses (contains), x1 contains/holds/|/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2 /:/ [also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)] /=/ vasru (vas vau) *encloses (surrounds), x1 encircles/|/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) *enclosure (for heating), x1 is an oven [| that heats its contents] for baking/heating/drying x2 /:/ /=/ toknu (tok) &encoded, x1 of mifra &encoded, plaintext | x2 of mifra *encoded, x1 is |/cipher text of plain-text x2 by code/coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code /:/ [code (= termifra)] /=/ mifra (mif) *encompasses (of a universe), x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 /:/ [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively | its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) &encounter, x1 of penmi *encountered (of a problem), x1 (event/state) is a problem to/| by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3 /:/ [also: x1 requires consideration by x2] /=/ nabmi (nam) &encountered, x2 of penmi *encounters (meets), x1 meets/| x2 at/in location x3 /:/ /=/ penmi (pen pe'i) *end (cessation), x1 [|] ceases/stops/halts/|-s activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing it] /:/ /=/ sisti (sti) *end (extreme, terminus), x1 is superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3 | (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/range x4 /:/ [also: x1 is x3-est/utmost in x2 among x4; x1 is the x3 | of x4; x1 is extreme; x1 is simply x3] /=/ traji (rai) *end (finish), x1 is an |/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] /:/ [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)] /=/ fanmo (fam fa'o) *end (goal of action), x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to | x3 /:/ [also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, |] /=/ zukte (zuk zu'e) *end (goal of operation), x1 operates/drives/runs x2 [apparatus/machine] with goal/objective/use/|/function x3 /:/ /=/ sazri (saz) *end (of a route/course), x2 of: x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to | x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/|, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) *end (point, terminus), x1 is a tip/point/vertex/extremity/| [0-dimension shape/form] on object x2 at locus x3 /:/ /=/ jipno (jip ji'o) *end (| of an interval), x3 of: x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to |/time/event x3 /:/ /=/ temci (tem tei) &end of straight, x3 of sirji &end time, x3 of temci &end, x1 of fanmo *end-of-work, x1 is an evening [from | until sleep typical for locale] of day x2 at location x3 /:/ [this evening (= cabvanci); tomorrow evening (= bavlamvanci); yesterday evening (= prulamvanci)] /=/ vanci (vac) &endangered, x2 of ckape *ended (of an event), x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter /:/ [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/| before x2 starts (= fa'opru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mu'opru)] /=/ purci (pur pru) &ended, x2 of fanmo *ending point (| of fall), x2 of: x1 falls/drops to | x2 from x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4 /:/ [note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or tide as well as gravity; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] /=/ farlu (fal fa'u) *ending time (| of an interval), x3 of: x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to |/time/event x3 /:/ /=/ temci (tem tei) *endpoint (of a route/course), x2 or x3 of: x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to | x2 from | x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/|, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) *endpoint (of canal/channel), x2 or x3 of: x1 is a canal/channel to | x2 from x3 with route x4 /:/ [x2/x3 may be unordered] /=/ naxle (nax xle) *endpoint (| of a road), x2 or x3 of: x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered) /:/ [a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelling] /=/ dargu (dag) *ends, x1 [|] ceases/stops/halts/| activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing it] /:/ /=/ sisti (sti) &endured, x2 of renvi *endures, x1 survives/|/undergoes/abides/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 /:/ [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable] /=/ renvi (rev re'i) *enduring (of a material object), x1 is a material object | in space-time; x1 is a thing /:/ /=/ dacti (dai) *enemy (opponent in a war), x1 (person/mass) wars against | x2 over territory/matter x3; x1 is at war with x2 /:/ /=/ jamna (jam) &enemy in war, x2 of jamna &enemy, x1 of bradi &enemy, struggle with | x3 of bradi &enemy, thing having | x2 of bradi *enemy, x1 is an |/opponent/adversary/foe of x2 in struggle x3 /:/ /=/ bradi *energy (general term), x1 is | of type x2 in form x3 /:/ [ray/beam (= nenli'i)] /=/ nejni (nen) *energy (illumination), x1 [|] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3 /:/ [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with light/illumination x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); light/lamp (= tergu'i)] /=/ gusni (gus gu'i) *energy (spiritual |), x1 is spiritual/pertains to the soul in nature [either | or being]; x1 is ghostly/ethereal /:/ [also soul (= ruxse'i)] /=/ pruxi (rux ru'i) *energy (| from explosion), x2 of: x1 bursts/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/|/fragments x2 /:/ /=/ spoja (poj po'a) *energy (| source causing shadow), x3 of: x1 is a shadow/the shade of object x2, made by light/| source x3 /:/ /=/ ctino (ti'o) *energy (| supply/reserve), x2 of: x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/| x2 in containment x3 /:/ [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2] /=/ sorcu (soc sro) &energy form, x3 of nejni *energy source, x1 is a fuel/|-source for powering x2 /:/ /=/ livla (lil) &energy type, x2 of nejni &energy, x1 of nejni &enforced by police, x2 of pulji *enforcer, x1 is a police officer/[|/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 /:/ [police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)] /=/ pulji *enforcing, x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] | law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 /:/ [police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)] /=/ pulji *engaged, x2 of: x1 is an affair/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (individual/mass); x1 is x2's business /:/ [also matter, concern; x2 is | in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu'u for reordered places)] /=/ cuntu (cu'u) &engendered, x2 of rorci *engenders, x1 |/procreates/begets x2 with coparent x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) *engine, x1 is a motor/|, driving/propelling/providing power to x2 /:/ /=/ matra *England, x1 is English/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect x2 /:/ [generally assume broadest sense of 'English'; may refer to 'English', pertaining to the country/people/culture of | (normally requiring constraint = gligu'e, or simply redundancy = gligli-); British English, the norm language of the UK (= gliglibau)] /=/ glico (gic gli) &English aspect, x2 of glico &English, x1 of glico *English, x1 is |/pertains to |-speaking culture in aspect x2 /:/ [generally assume broadest sense of '|'; may refer to '|', pertaining to the country/people/culture of England (normally requiring constraint = gligu'e, or simply redundancy = gligli-); British |, the norm language of the UK (= gliglibau)] /=/ glico (gic gli) *engulf, x1 gulps/swallows /:/ [x1 swallows down [food/drink] x2 (= tulpinxe, tulcti, ctitu'o (the latter two are more general - for food or beverage); swallow/| (= galxycti, galxynerbi'o, galxygre] /=/ tunlo (tul tu'o) *enlarges (grows), x1 grows/expands [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3 /:/ [also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/|/increases] /=/ banro (ba'o) @enlarges, see also "increase", "adds" &enlightened, x3 of ciksi *enough, x1 (object) suffices/is |/sufficient for purpose x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ banzu (baz) *ensure (relied upon to |), x2 of: x1 relies/depends/counts on/trusts x2 to bring about/|/maintain x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ lacri (lac) &entailed, x2 of nibli *entails, x1 logically necessitates/|/implies action/event/state x2 under rules/logic system x3 /:/ /=/ nibli (nib ni'i) *enterprise (accompanied activity), x3 of: x1 is with/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/| x3 (event/state) /:/ [x1 is together with/along with x2] /=/ kansa (kan) *enterprise (chartered |/company), x1 is a company/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also |/organization (if chartered)] /=/ kagni (kag) @enterprise, see also "activity", "action", "doing" *entertaining, x1 (abstract) is amusing/| to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 /:/ [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2] /=/ zdile (zdi) *entertainment, x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 /:/ [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/|/[game] for x2] /=/ zdile (zdi) &enticed, x2 of xlura *entire, x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 /:/ [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) |, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely] /=/ mulno (mul mu'o) *entirely (completely), x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 /:/ [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, |] /=/ mulno (mul mu'o) *entirety (ordered |/universe), x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered |] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 /:/ [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) *entirety (perfected whole), x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 /:/ [also perfected, |; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely] /=/ mulno (mul mu'o) *entitlement (| of a ticketholder), x3 of: x1 is a ticket entitling x2 to |/privilege x3 (event/state) under conditions x4 /:/ /=/ pikta *entitling, x1 is a ticket | x2 to entitlement/privilege x3 (event/state) under conditions x4 /:/ /=/ pikta *entity (volitional | acting), x1 is a volitional | employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 /:/ [also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end] /=/ zukte (zuk zu'e) *entity (| used by another), x2 of: x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting |, material] for purpose x3 /:/ [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, le'irplicu'a)] /=/ pilno (pli) *entrails, x1 is a/the gut(s)/|/intestines/viscera/innards/digestive system [body-part] of x2 /:/ [metaphor: process hub] /=/ canti *entreats, x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/|/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci *enumerated (of a quantity), x1 is a quantity quantified/measured/| by x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si'o) /:/ [also count] /=/ klani (lai) &enviable, x2 of jilra *envies, x1 (person) is jealous of/| x2 (person) about/for x3 (property - ka) /:/ /=/ jilra *environment (conditions/situation), x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2 /:/ [characteristics or | of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary] /=/ tcini *environment (surroundings/context), x1 (individual/mass) is part of an |/surroundings/context/ambience of x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is ambient] /=/ vanbi (vab) &environment, x1 of vanbi &environment, thing having | x2 of vanbi *environmental (| properties allowing comfort), x2 of: x1 feels comfort/is comfortable with conditions/| property(ies) x2 /:/ /=/ kufra (kuf) *epistemology (authority), x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for | of authority] /:/ [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2] /=/ xusra (xus xu'a) *epistemology (conjecture), x1 guesses/conjectures/surmises x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [|] /:/ [also: x1 has a hunch that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is true; words usable for | typically have a du'u place] /=/ smadi *epistemology (intuition), x1 (person) intuits x2 (du'u) about subject x3; [|] /:/ [words usable for | typically have a du'u place] /=/ jijnu (jij) *epistemology (means of knowledge), x4 of: x1 knows fact(s) x2 (du'u) about subject x3 by | x4 /:/ [words usable for | typically have a du'u place; know how to - implying knowledge of method but not necessarily having the ability to practice (= tadjyju'o)] /=/ djuno (jun ju'o) *epistemology (opinion), x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4 /:/ [words usable for | typically have a du'u place] /=/ jinvi (jiv ji'i) *epistemology (supposition), x1 assumes/supposes that x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [|] /:/ [words usable for | typically have a du'u place] /=/ sruma (ru'a) *epistemology (| indicating falsehood), x2 of: x1 (du'u) is false/is an untruth by standard/|/metaphysics x2 /:/ [words usable for | typically have a du'u place] /=/ jitfa (jif) *epistemology (| indicating reality/existence), x3 of: x1 exists/is real/actual/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3 /:/ [words usable for | typically have a du'u place]; [x1 is physical (one sense)] /=/ zasti (zat za'i) *epistemology (| indicating truth), x2 of: x1 (du'u) is true/truth by standard/|/metaphysics x2 /:/ [words usable for | typically have a du'u place] /=/ jetnu (jet je'u) &epistemology, x4 of djuno &epistemology, existence | x3 of zasti *epoch, x1 is an era/|/age characterized by x2 (event/property/interval/idea) /:/ (x2 interval should be the defining boundaries; if merely a characterizing period, the nature of the interval should be expressed in an abstract bridi, or the interval should be marked with tu'a; x2 may also be characteristic object(s) or practices of the era, if marked with tu'a) /=/ cedra &equal, x1 of dunli *equal, x1 is |/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)] /=/ dunli (dun du'i) &equality property, x3 of dunli &equalled, x2 of dunli &equation, x4 of fancu *equestrian, x1 is a horse/equine/[colt/mare/stallion/pony] of species/breed x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is equine/|] /=/ xirma (xir xi'a) *equilibrium, x1 is in balance/| under forces x2 (mass) /:/ /=/ lanxe (lax) *equine, x1 is a horse/|/[colt/mare/stallion/pony] of species/breed x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |/equestrian] /=/ xirma (xir xi'a) *equipment, x1 is apparatus/mechanism/device/| for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by x3 (agent) /:/ [form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)] /=/ cabra (ca'a) *equivalent (numerical | of a fraction), x1 (me'o) is the [decimal/binary] | of fractional x2 (me'o) in base x3 (quantity) /:/ [conversion from fractions to decimal-point based notation] /=/ saclu *equivalent value, x1 (ni) is the | value/worth of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use/appreciation x4 /:/ [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva'i for reordered places); merit reward (= nemselva'i); receive merited reward (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erva'i, po'erselva'i for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vamji (vam va'i) &era, x1 of cedra &era, characterization of | x2 of cedra *era, x1 is an |/epoch/age characterized by x2 (event/property/interval/idea) /:/ (x2 interval should be the defining boundaries; if merely a characterizing period, the nature of the interval should be expressed in an abstract bridi, or the interval should be marked with tu'a; x2 may also be characteristic object(s) or practices of the |, if marked with tu'a) /=/ cedra *erect (standing), x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is |/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) *erect (vertical), x1 is vertical/upright/|/plumb/oriented straight up and down in reference frame/gravity x2 /:/ /=/ sraji (raj) &eroded material, x2 of guska &eroded, x3 of guska *erodes (scrapes/abrades), x1 blade/scraper/erosive scrapes/|/abrades x2 from x3 /:/ [abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska)] /=/ guska (guk) *erodes (scratches, cuts into), x1 [abrasive/cutting/scratching object/implement] scratches/[carves]/|/cuts [into] x2 /:/ , spali) /=/ sraku (rak) &erosive, x1 of guska *erosive, x1 blade/scraper/| scrapes/erodes/abrades x2 from x3 /:/ [abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska)] /=/ guska (guk) &err, x1 of srera *err, x1 |-s in doing/being/making mistake x2 (event), an |-or under conditions x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ srera (sre) *error (mistake), x2 of: x1 errs in doing/being/making mistake x2 (event), an | under conditions x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ srera (sre) &error conditions, x3 of srera &error standard, x4 of srera *errs, x1 | in doing/being/making mistake x2 (event), an error under conditions x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ srera (sre) *escapes, x1 avoids/evades/shuns/|/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) /:/ [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] /=/ rivbi (riv) *especially, x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: |/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) &estate, x2 of cerda *esteem (feels |), x1 (person) feels/has pride in/about x2 (abstraction) /:/ [an emotional combination of satisfaction and respect/| towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specific tie to emoter; self-pride (= se'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu'a for pride in non-specific actions/properties of someone] /=/ jgira (jgi) &esteem, x1 of sinma *esteem, x1 |-s/respects/venerates/highly regards x2 [object of respect] /:/ [also: x2 is respected/esteemed/celebrated (= selsi'a for reordered places)] /=/ sinma (si'a) &esteemed, x2 of sinma *esteemed, x2 of: x1 esteems/respects/venerates/highly regards x2 [object of respect] /:/ [also: x2 is respected/|/celebrated (= selsi'a for reordered places)] /=/ sinma (si'a) *esteems, x1 |/respects/venerates/highly regards x2 [object of respect] /:/ [also: x2 is respected/esteemed/celebrated (= selsi'a for reordered places)] /=/ sinma (si'a) *estimate (judge a quantity), x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = | (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) *estimate (subjective | of likelihood), x3 of: x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens /:/ [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective | of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers (li "piso'u" to li "piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)] /=/ pacna (pa'a) *eternal (infinite, unending), x1 is infinite/unending/| in property/dimension x2, to degree x3 (quantity)/of type x3 /:/ [also everlasting, | (= cimnyteikai, temcimni)] /=/ cimni *eternal (permanent), x1 is permanent/lasting/[|] in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [time-span/expectant one] /:/ [also everlasting] /=/ vitno (vi'o) *eternity, x1 is infinite/unending/eternal in property/dimension x2, to degree x3 (quantity)/of type x3 /:/ [also everlasting, eternity (= cimnytei), eternal (= cimnyteikai, temcimni)] /=/ cimni *ethereal, x1 is spiritual/pertains to the soul in nature [either energy or being]; x1 is ghostly/| /:/ [also soul (= ruxse'i)] /=/ pruxi (rux ru'i) @ethical (following an ethical standard), consider metaphor "ethics-obey" (= madytinbe) *ethical (subscrbing to an ethical standard), x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/| standards of x2 (individual/mass) about situation x3 /:/ [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde); x2 is |/subscribes to | standards x1] /=/ marde (mad) *ethical standards, x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/| standards of x2 (individual/mass) about situation x3 /:/ [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)] /=/ marde (mad) ðics, x2 of palci *ethics, x1 are the |/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (individual/mass) about situation x3 /:/ [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)] /=/ marde (mad) *Ethiopian, x1 reflects Semitic [metaphor: Middle-Eastern] language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ [Semitic includes Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, and |, among others] /=/ semto (sme) *ethnic (of a culture), x1 [mass of ideas, customs, skills, arts] is culture of nation/ethos x2 (mass); x1 is | /:/ [(note that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is shared among people and is not an individual trait)] /=/ kulnu (klu) *ethnic (of a nation/ethnic group), x1 is a nation/| group of peoples x2; [people sharing a history/culture] /:/ /=/ natmi (nat nai) *ethos (pertaining to culture), x1 [mass of ideas, customs, skills, arts] is culture of nation/| x2 (mass); x1 is ethnic /:/ [(note that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is shared among people and is not an individual trait)] /=/ kulnu (klu) &eudemonic, x2 of gleki &eulogize, x3 of zabna &eulogized, x2 of zabna &European aspect, x2 of ropno &European, x1 of ropno *European, x1 reflects | culture/nationality/geography/Indo-| languages in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ ropno (ron ro'o) *evade, x1 avoids/|-s/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) /:/ [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] /=/ rivbi (riv) *evades, x1 avoids/|/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) /:/ [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] /=/ rivbi (riv) *evaluate (judge a property), x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = | (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) *evaluates, x1 (agent) measures/| x2 [quantity] as x3 units on scale x4 (si'o), with accuracy x5 /:/ /=/ merli (mre) *evaluator (satisfied |), x2 of: x1 satisfies | x2 in property (ka)/state x3 /:/ /=/ mansa *evaporates, x1 boils/| at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [roil (= febjicla)] /=/ febvi (feb) *even, x1 is a plane [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth] /:/ [also: x1 is |/planar/level]; (x2 is a set of points at least sufficient to define the plane) /=/ plita (pit) *even, x1 is smooth/|/[soft/silky] in texture/regularity /:/ /=/ xutla (xul) *evening (after work), x1 is an | [from end-of-work until sleep typical for locale] of day x2 at location x3 /:/ [this | (= cabvanci); tomorrow | (= bavlamvanci); yesterday | (= prulamvanci)] /=/ vanci (vac) *evening (twilight), x1 is the [astronomical] twilight/dawn/dusk/half-light/glimmering of day x2 at location x3 /:/ [morning twilight, dawn (= cermurse); | twilight, dusk (= vacmurse)] /=/ murse &evening location, x3 of vanci &evening, x1 of vanci &evening, day of | x2 of vanci &evenly spread, x2 of manfo %event (an | of trying), x1 is a try/attempt/effort, an | of x2 trying/attempting/making an effort to do/attain x3 (event/state/property) by actions/method x4 /:/ /=/ nuntoi %event (| of aggression), x1 is an aggression, an | of x2 (person/mass) attacking/invading/committing aggression upon victim x3 with goal/objective x4 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) &event abstract, x1 of nu broda &event experienced, x2 of lifri &event prepared for, x2 of bredi &event, x1 of fasnu &event, regular | x1 of dikni *event, x1 (|) is an | that happens/occurs/takes place; x1 is an incident/happening/occurrence /:/ /=/ fasnu (fau) %event, x1 is a flight/an | of x2 flying [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ nunvofli %event, x1 is a nativity/birth, an | of x2 being born to x3 at time x4 [birthday] and place x5 [birthplace] /:/ /=/ nunjbe %event, x1 is a vision, an | of x2 viewing/seeing/perceiving visually x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived] /=/ nunvi'a %event, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u %event, x1 is an | of x2(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discussing/talking about topic/subject x3 /:/ [also x1 is a chat/conversation/discussion/palaver] /=/ nunsnu &event/state desired, x2 of djica *events (| arranged in a pattern), x2 of: x1 is/reflects/represents a pattern of forms/| x2 arranged according to structure x3 /:/ [x3 is a [model] for x1 (= termontai, termonsi'o); image (= gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, selmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the ideal)] /=/ morna (mon mo'a) *everlasting (infinite, unending), x1 is infinite/unending/eternal in property/dimension x2, to degree x3 (quantity)/of type x3 /:/ [also |, eternal (= cimnyteikai, temcimni)] /=/ cimni *everlasting (permanent, lasting), x1 is permanent/lasting/[eternal] in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [time-span/expectant one] /:/ [also |] /=/ vitno (vi'o) *every (| year, | n-th year, of a season/anniversary), x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 /:/ [also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur | year or | nth year as indicated by x3 (default | year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year] /=/ citsi *evidence, x1 (du'u) [fact/measurement] is data/information/statistic(s) about x2 gathered by method x3 /:/ [| (= velji'i datni or just velji'i, ti'irdatni)] /=/ datni &evil standard, x2 of palci &evil, x1 of palci *evil, x1 is |/depraved/wicked [morally bad] by standard x2 /:/ /=/ palci (pac) &evoke, x3 of frati *evolve, x1 develops/|-s towards/into x2 from x3 through stages x4 /:/ /=/ farvi (fav) *evolves, x1 develops/| towards/into x2 from x3 through stages x4 /:/ /=/ farvi (fav) *ewe, x1 is a sheep/[lamb/|/ram] of species/breed x2 of flock x3 /:/ /=/ lanme (lan) *exa- (metric prefix), x1 is 1x10**18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ xexso (xex) &exact, x1 of satci *exact, x1 [measurement/match] is |/precise to precision x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) /:/ /=/ satci &exactness property, x3 of satci *examination, x1 (process/event) is a test/| for/proof of property/state x2 in subject x3 (individuals/set/mass) /:/ [also proxy measure, validation; (a set in x3 must be completely specified)] /=/ cipra (cip) &examined, thing | x2 of catlu &examiner, x1 of catlu *examines (analyzes), x1 analyzes/|-in-detail x2 by method/technique/system x3 [process/activity] /:/ /=/ lanli (lal) *examines (looks at), x1 looks at/|/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2 /:/ [also look through (= grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"] /=/ catlu (cta) *example (sample/instance/illustration), x1 is an |/sample/specimen/instance/case/illustration of common property(s) x2 of set x3 /:/ /=/ mupli (mup) *example (sets an |), x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an | to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/| to be emulated] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) &example, x1 of mupli &exceeded, x2 of zmadu &exceeded, x3 of bancu *exceeds (beyond limit), x1 |/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) /:/ [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space] /=/ bancu (bac) *exceeds (more than), x1 |/is more than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount/excess x4 /:/ [also positive (= nonmau)] /=/ zmadu (zma mau) &exceeds, x2 of mleca *exception, x1 (du'u) contradicts/denies/refutes/negates x2 (du'u) under rules/logic x3 /:/ [also | (= nafmupli); agentive contradicts/denies (= nafxu'a or nalselxu'a or tolxu'a) /=/ natfe (naf na'e) *excess (amount more than), x4 of: x1 exceeds/is more than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount/| x4 /:/ [also positive (= nonmau)] /=/ zmadu (zma mau) *excess (too much), x1 is an | of/too much of x2 by standard x3 /:/ [cloying (= maldu'e, tolpu'adu'e)] /=/ dukse (dus du'e) &excess standard, x3 of dukse &excess, x1 of dukse &excess, x4 of bancu &excess, in | x2 of dukse *excessively (| thick/bulbous/swollen), x1 is plump/fat/obese [| thick/bulbous/swollen] by standard x2 /:/ /=/ plana *exchange (trading post/store), x1 is a market/store/|/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) &exchange, x1 of canja *exchange, x1 or x4 of: x1 |-s/trades/barters commodity/service x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics) /=/ canja (caj) &exchanged for, x3 of canja &exchanged with, x4 of canja &exchanged, x2 of canja *exchanges, x1 or x4 fo: x1 |/trades/barters commodity/service x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics) /=/ canja (caj) *excluded, x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden /:/ [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: |/in the dark (= nalselsivni)] /=/ sivni (siv) *excrement, x1 is a/the feces/|/dung/shit of x2 (animal/person); (adjective:) x1 is fecal (matter) /:/ [also crap] /=/ kalci &excrete, x1 of vikmi *excrete, x1 [body] |-s waste x2 from source x3 via means/route x4 /:/ /=/ vikmi (vim vi'i) &excreted from, x3 of vikmi &excreted, x2 of vikmi *excreted, x1 is a/the sweat/perspiration from body x2, | by gland(s)/organs x3 /:/ /=/ xasne *excretes, x1 [body] | waste x2 from source x3 via means/route x4 /:/ /=/ vikmi (vim vi'i) &excretion means, x4 of vikmi &excretion, x2 of vikmi *excretory organs, x1 is a/the sweat/perspiration from body x2, excreted by gland(s)/| x3 /:/ /=/ xasne &excretory system, x4 of vikmi &exemplified, property | x2 of mupli &exemplified, set | x3 of mupli &exhibited, x2 of muzga &exhibition, x2 of tigni *exhibits (displays), x1 (agent) shows/|/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3 /:/ [reveal (= tolmipygau, mipyja'o, sivja'o); also: x1 shows that x2, x1 shows off x2; showing an object is generally expressed with a tu'a x2, since the properties of the shown object (other than its presence) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)] /=/ jarco (ja'o) *exhibits (in museum), x1 is a museum for preserving [and possibly exhibiting] | x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ muzga (muz) *exhibits sexual orientation, x1 in activity/state x2 | sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfri)] /=/ cinse (cin) &exist, x1 of zasti *exist, x1 |-s/is real/actual/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; [x1 is physical (one sense)] /=/ zasti (zat za'i) &existence epistemology, x3 of zasti *existence, x1 is old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [This can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, | (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also ancient (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)] /=/ slabu (sau) &existent, hold as | x2 of zasti *existing (as a basis for new creation/invention), x4 of: x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from | elements/ideas x4 /:/ [x1 is creative/inventive] /=/ finti (fin fi'i) *exists (| in imagination), x1 [concept] | in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is unreal (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not imply that it doesn't exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so that one can talk about imaginary things without claiming that they thereby really exist] /=/ xanri (xar) *exists (| in reality), x1 |/is real/actual/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; [x1 is physical (one sense)] /=/ zasti (zat za'i) *exit, x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: |, waste |] /:/ [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal] /=/ ganxo (gax) *exotic (unfamiliar), x1 is alien/foreign/[|]/unfamiliar to x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ fange *exotic (weird), x1 is strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [also alien, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, |] /=/ cizra (ciz) *expands (grows), x1 grows/| [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3 /:/ [also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increases] /=/ banro (ba'o) *expands (spreads), x1 spreads/| over/into x2 from initial state x3 /:/ /=/ preja (pej pe'a) *expanse (field; broad uniform |)), x1 is a field [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad uniform | of x2 /:/ [also woods (= ricfoi), lawn/meadow (= sasfoi), brush (= spafoi, cicyspafoi)] /=/ foldi (flo foi) *expanse (parcel/| of land), x1 is a parcel/| of land at location x2; x1 is terrain /:/ /=/ tumla (tum tu'a) *expanse (| of sky), x1 is an | of sky/the heavens at place x2; [celestial] /:/ /=/ tsani (tan) *expanse (| of snow), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/| of snow /:/ /=/ snime (si'e) *expanse (| of water), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/| of water; (adjective:) x1 is aqueous/[aquatic] /:/ [aquatic (= jaupli)] /=/ djacu (jac jau) *expansion (cyclical |, tide), x1 is a tide [cyclical/periodic |] in x2 caused by x3 /:/ /=/ ctaru @expect (without necessarily desire/approval/hope), consider metaphors "future-opine" (bavji'i), ["expectation" (= bavselji'i)], and combinations involving plans (selplatu), processes (pruce), and evolution (farvi), all of which imply sequences *expect, x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens /:/ [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or '|': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers (li "piso'u" to li "piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), | (= sojypa'a)] /=/ pacna (pa'a) *expectant (anticipator of permanence), x3 of: x1 is permanent/lasting/[eternal] in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [time-span/| one] /:/ [also everlasting] /=/ vitno (vi'o) *expectant (anticipator of transience), x3 of: x1 is temporary/not permanent/expected to change in property x2 (ka) by standard/| x3 /:/ [also transient] /=/ zasni (zas) *expectation (not suprising occurance), x1 (event/action abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2 /:/ [also | (= nalspaji), alarm (= te'arspaji)] /=/ spaji (paj) *expectation (violated by irony), x1 is ironic(al)/contrary to | x2 in state/property/aspect x3 /:/ /=/ ranxi (rax) @expectation (without necessarily desire/approval/hope), consider metaphors "future-opine" (bavji'i) [| (= bavselji'i, ni'irbalvi)], and combinations involving plans (selplatu), processes (pruce), and evolution (farvi), all of which imply sequences *expected likelihood (| of a wish/hope/expectation), x3 of: x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), | likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens /:/ [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers (li "piso'u" to li "piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)] /=/ pacna (pa'a) *expected to change (temporary), x1 is temporary/not permanent/| to change in property x2 (ka) by standard/expectant x3 /:/ [also transient] /=/ zasni (zas) *expecting (| return, of an investor), x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 | return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) /:/ [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)] /=/ zivle (ziv vle) &expecting, not | x2 of ranxi *expectorates, x1 spits/| x2 [predominantly liquid] from x3 to/onto x4 /:/ [saliva/spit/sputum/spittle (= molselpu'u)] /=/ sputu (put pu'u) &expel jet, x3 of jetce *expelled (of a jet), x1 is a jet [| stream] of material x2 | from x3 /:/ /=/ jetce (je'e) &expelled by rocket, x2 of jakne *expelling (of a rocket), x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by jet | x2 carrying payload x3 /:/ /=/ jakne @expelling, see also "jet" *expense (| of a purchase), x4 of: x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/| x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) %expense, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u *expensive, x1 (object/commodity/property/event) is costly/|/dear to x2 by standard x3 /:/ [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erkargu for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ kargu &experience, x1 of lifri *experience, x2 of: x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/|); x2 happens to x1 /:/ [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 and x2 are empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved |: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)] /=/ lifri (lif fri) &experienced, event | x2 of lifri *experiencer (| of harshness), x2 of: x1 (event/action/state) is severe/harsh to x2 [victim/|] /:/ /=/ jursa (jus) *experiences, x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/| x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 /:/ [also has/have (of events/|); (adjective:) x1 and x2 are empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)] /=/ lifri (lif fri) *experiments at, x1 tries/attempts/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3 /:/ [also |] /=/ troci (toc toi) &expert, x1 of certu *expert, x1 is an |/pro/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3 /:/ [also competent, skilled] /=/ certu (cre) &expertise standard, x3 of certu &expertise, x2 of certu *expertise, x1 is an expert/pro/has prowess/|/expertise in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3 /:/ [also competent, skilled] /=/ certu (cre) &expertly, do | x2 of certu &explain, x1 of ciksi *explain, x1 (person) |-s x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with |-ation x4 (du'u) /:/ [|-ation x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpose/method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an |-er with a point of view makes this word not a simple expression of cause] /=/ ciksi (cki) &explained, x2 of ciksi &explained, x2 of krinu &explainer, x1 of ciksi *explainer, x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du'u) /:/ [explanation x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpose/method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an | with a point of view makes this word not a simple expression of cause] /=/ ciksi (cki) *explains, x1 (person) | x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du'u) /:/ [explanation x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpose/method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word not a simple expression of cause] /=/ ciksi (cki) *explanation (justification), x1 (event/state) is a reason/justification/| for/causing/permitting x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ krinu (rin ki'u) *explanation (underlying mechanism/details/purpose/method), x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with | x4 (du'u) /:/ [| x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpose/method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word not a simple expression of cause] /=/ ciksi (cki) &explanation, x4 of ciksi &explanation, get | x3 of ciksi &explode, x1 of spoja *explode, x1 bursts/|-s/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments x2 /:/ /=/ spoja (poj po'a) *explodes, x1 bursts/|/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments x2 /:/ /=/ spoja (poj po'a) &explosion result, x2 of spoja &explosive, bomb | x2 of jbama *explosive, x1 is a bomb/| device with | material/principle x2 /:/ /=/ jbama (bam) &exponent, x1 of dugri &exponent, x3 of tenfa *exponent, x3 of: x1 is the exponential result of base x2 to power/| x3 /:/ /=/ tenfa (tef) &exponential base, x2 of tenfa &exponential, x1 of tenfa *exponential, x1 is the | result of base x2 to power/exponent x3 /:/ /=/ tenfa (tef) *express (use of a language), x1 is a/the language/dialect used by x2 to |/communicate x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote) /:/ [also tongue] /=/ bangu (ban bau) &express, x1 of cusku *express, x1 (agent) |-es/says x2 (sedu'u/text/lu'e concept) for audience x3 via |-ive medium x4 /:/ [also says] /=/ cusku (cus sku) *expressed (of a comment), x1 (text) is a comment/remark/observation about subject x2 | by x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also: x3 comments/remarks/says x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)] /=/ pinka (pik) &expressed by moan, x3 of cmoni &expressed to, x3 of cusku &expressed, x2 of cusku *expresses, x1 (agent) |/says x2 (sedu'u/text/lu'e concept) for audience x3 via expressive medium x4 /:/ [also says] /=/ cusku (cus sku) *expressing (of a non-linguistic utterance), x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 | x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) *expression (mathematical |), x1 [quantifier/|] is a mathematical | interpreted under rules/convention x2 /:/ /=/ mekso (mek me'o) *expression (| defining a function), x4 of: x1 is a function/single-valued mapping from domain x2 to range x3 defined by |/rule x4 /:/ /=/ fancu *expression (| used a a curse), x1 curses/damns/condemns x2 to fate (event) x3 /:/ [curse with a specific | (= dapsku)] /=/ dapma (dap) &expression medium, x4 of cusku *expressive form (| with rhythm), x2 of: x1 (sequence/non-text quote) is a rhythm/beat of music/| x2 /:/ [not necessarily oscillatory/regular pattern] /=/ rilti (ril) *expressive medium, x4 of: x1 (agent) expresses/says x2 (sedu'u/text/lu'e concept) for audience x3 via | x4 /:/ [also says] /=/ cusku (cus sku) *expulsion (vomiting), x1 vomits/regurgitates x2; x1 throws x2 up; [violent] digestive | /:/ (x2 is non-gaseous) /=/ vamtu (vat) *extends (ranges over interval), x1 ranges/|/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) *extends (stretches/| to range), x1 stretches/| to range x2 [interval/extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4 /:/ /=/ tcena (ten) *extends after, x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it | afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) *extent (| ranged over), x2 of: x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/|/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) *extent (| stretched to), x2 of: x1 stretches/extends to range x2 [interval/|] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4 /:/ /=/ tcena (ten) &extent, x2 of tcena &extent, city | x2 of tcadu *exterior, x1 is on the outside of x2; x1 is | to x2 /:/ /=/ bartu (bar) *external (outside), x1 is on the outside of x2; x1 is | to x2 /:/ /=/ bartu (bar) *external genitalia, x1 is a/the pubic area/| genitalia [body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ plibu (pib) &external, something | x1 of bartu &extra, x4 of bancu *extract (from a biological source), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of juice/nectar from-source/of-type x2 /:/ [water-based | from a (generally) biological source] /=/ jisra *extraordinary, x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) |, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) *extreme (limit/bound), x1 is a limit/|/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 /:/ [restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)] /=/ jimte (jit) *extreme (much/very), x1 is much/| in property x2 (ka), towards x3 |/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3 /:/ [also very, pretty, a lot, immoderate/immoderately, intense, quite, extremely] /=/ mutce (tce) *extreme (superlative/utmost), x1 is superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3 | (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/range x4 /:/ [also: x1 is x3-est/utmost in x2 among x4; x1 is |; x1 is simply x3] /=/ traji (rai) &extreme [n], x3 of traji &extreme, range limited by | x4 of traji &extreme, which | x3 of traji *extremely dark-colored, x1 is black/| [color adjective] /:/ /=/ xekri (xek xe'i) *extremely, x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3 /:/ [also very, pretty, a lot, immoderate/immoderately, intense, quite, |] /=/ mutce (tce) *extremity (horn as metaphor for pointed |), x1 is a/the horn [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed |] /:/ /=/ jirna *extremity (tip/point), x1 is a tip/point/vertex/| [0-dimension shape/form] on object x2 at locus x3 /:/ /=/ jipno (jip ji'o) *extremity (|/limb attached at shoulder/hip joint), x2 of: x1 is a/the shoulder/hip/joint [body-part] attaching limb/| x2 to body x3 /:/ /=/ janco (jan) &eye, x1 of kanla &eye, thing having | x2 of kanla *eye, x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus]; (adjective:) x1 is ocular /:/ [x1 is optic] /=/ kanla (kal) *fabric (cloth), x1 is an amount of cloth/| of type/material x2 /:/ /=/ bukpu (buk bu'u) *fabric (cotton), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of cotton [type of |/material] /:/ /=/ mapni *fabric (linen), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of linen/flax [type of |/material] /:/ /=/ matli @fabric, see also "cloth", "wool", "sheet", "plastic", "silk" &face of a block, x3 of bliku &face, x1 of flira &face, x3 of kubli &face, thing having | x2 of flira *face, x1 is a/the | [head/body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is facial /:/ /=/ flira (fir) *face, x1 is surface/| [bounded shape/form] of [higher-dimension] object x2, on side x3, edges x4 /:/ [also x4 bounds] /=/ sefta (sfe) &faced for sideways, x3 of mlana *faces (| forward), x2 of: x1 is anterior/ahead/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which |/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ crane (cra) *faces (| of something with a left side), x2 of: x1 is to the left/left-hand side of x2 which |/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ zunle (zul) *faces (| of something with a posterior), x2 of: x1 is posterior/behind/back/in the rear of x2 which |/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)] /=/ trixe (rix ti'e) *faces (| of something with a right side), x2 of: x1 is to the right/right-hand side of x2 which |/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ pritu *facial (pertaining to the face), x1 is a/the face [head/body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ /=/ flira (fir) *facile, x1 (action) is easy/simple/| for x2 (agent) under conditions x3; x2 does x1 freely/easily /:/ /=/ frili (fil) *facing (of something on a lateral side), x1 is to the side of/lateral to x2 and | x3 from point of view/in-frame-of-reference x4 /:/ (cf. crane, trixe, pritu, zunle, which differ in that the direction of | is the front and not the lateral side. The x4 of mlana may be either the front, or back side of x2) /=/ mlana (mla) *fact (absolute truth), x1 (du'u) is a |/reality/truth/actuality, in the absolute /:/ /=/ fatci (fac) *fact (datum), x1 (du'u) [|/measurement] is data/information/statistic(s) about x2 gathered by method x3 /:/ [evidence (= velji'i datni or just velji'i, ti'irdatni)] /=/ datni *fact (epistemological truth), x1 (du'u) is |/truth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jetnu (jet je'u) *fact (something honest about), x1 is honest/open/truthfully revealing to/candid/frank with x2 about matter/| x3 /:/ [also straight, straight-forward] /=/ stace (sac) *fact (something known), x1 knows |(s) x2 (du'u) about subject x3 by epistemology x4 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place; know how to - implying knowledge of method but not necessarily having the ability to practice (= tadjyju'o)] /=/ djuno (jun ju'o) *fact (something recalled), x1 remembers/recalls/recollects |(s)/memory x2 (du'u) about subject x3 /:/ /=/ morji (moj mo'i) *fact (something understood), x1 understands/comprehends |/truth x2 (du'u) about subject x3; x1 understands (fi) x3 /:/ /=/ jimpe (jmi) &fact, x1 of fatci @fact, see also "true", "truth", "real" &factor, x2 of pilji &factor, x3 of pilji *factors (multiplication), x1 is the product/total/result of |/multiplicands (x2 and x3) x2 multiplied by x3 /:/ /=/ pilji (pi'i) &factory product, x2 of fanri &factory, x1 of fanri &factory, raw material for | x3 of fanri *factory, x1 is a |/foundry/industrial plant/mill producing x2 from materials x3 /:/ /=/ fanri *factually necessary, x1 (abstract) is necessary/required for continuing state/process x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also |, necessity, prerequisite, condition, precondition] /=/ sarcu (sa'u) &fail, x1 of fliba *fail, x1 |-s at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a |-ure at its role in x2 /:/ [baffled (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/|-s to continue due to |-ure on the part of x1] /=/ fliba (fli) &failed activity, x2 of fliba *fails, x1 | at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2 /:/ [baffled (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/| to continue due to failure on the part of x1] /=/ fliba (fli) *failure (one who fails), x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a | at its role in x2 /:/ [baffled (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to | on the part of x1] /=/ fliba (fli) *fair, x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/|/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) &fairy mythos, x2 of crida *fairy tale, x1 is a myth/legend, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4 /:/ [also: x1 is mythical/| tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures of story/myth/legend/religion, e.g. dragon (these animals are ramda'u); | tale (= veryranmi)] /=/ ranmi (ram) &fairy, x1 of crida *fairy, x1 is a |/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) &fall, x1 of farlu &fall, frame for | x4 of farlu *fall, x1 falls/drops to x2 from x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4 /:/ [note: things can | in spin, thrust, or tide as well as gravity; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] /=/ farlu (fal fa'u) *fall, x1 is autumn/| [harvest/cooling season] of year x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ critu &fallen from, x3 of farlu &fallen to, x2 of farlu *falling (diving, controlled |), x1 dives/swoops [manner of controlled |] to x2 from x3 /:/ /=/ sfubu (sub su'u) *falling (solid precipitation |), x1 is hail/sleet/freezing rain/solid precipitation of material/composition including x2 /:/ [this is the substance, not the act or manner of its |, which is carvi] /=/ bratu *falls, x1 |/drops to x2 from x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4 /:/ [note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or tide as well as gravity; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] /=/ farlu (fal fa'u) *false (doubted), x2 of: x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du'u) is true /:/ [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)] /=/ senpi (sen) &false, x1 of jitfa *false, x1 (du'u) is |/is an untruth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jitfa (jif) &falsity standard, x2 of jitfa &familiar feature, x3 of slabu &familiar with, x2 of slabu &familiar, x1 of slabu &familiar, finds | x2 of slabu *familiar, x1 is old/|/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [This can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also ancient (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)] /=/ slabu (sau) &familiarity standard, x4 of slabu *family (as part of tree-structured classification), x3 or other place of: x1 is a species of genus x2, | x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) *family (clan), x1 (mass) is a | with members including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard x3 /:/ [also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places), relative of (= lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)] /=/ lanzu (laz) *family (cousin, non-immediate |), x1 is cousin to x2 by bond/tie x3; [non-immediate | member, default same generation] /:/ [probably preferred for metaphorical siblings (over bruna)] /=/ tamne *family (having garden/field), x2 of: x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of |/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3 /:/ [orchard (= ricpurdi)] /=/ purdi (pud) *family (subcategory), x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) /:/ [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, |, order, phylum] /=/ klesi (kle lei) &family member, x2 of lanzu &family of species, x3 of jutsi &family standard, x3 of lanzu &family, x1 of lanzu &famous, x1 of misno &famous, hold as | x2 of misno *famous, x1 (person/object/event) is |/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2 (mass) /:/ [also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)] /=/ misno (mis mi'o) *fancy, x2 of: x1 (object) adorns/decorates x2; x1 is an adornment/decoration of x2; x2 is |/decorated /:/ [|/decorated (= selja'i)] /=/ jadni (jad ja'i) &far, x1 of darno *far, x1 is |/distant from x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ darno (dar da'o) &fare of a bar, x2 of barja &fare, x2 of gusta &farm location, x2 of cange &farm produce, x4 of cange &farm, x1 of cange *farm, x1 is a |/ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian /:/ [also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops] /=/ cange (cag) *farmed (of a farm), x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, | by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian /:/ [also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops] /=/ cange (cag) *farmer (| of a farm), x3 of: x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by | x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian /:/ [also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops] /=/ cange (cag) *farmer (| of a field), x2 of: x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of family/community/| x2 growing plants/crop x3 /:/ [orchard (= ricpurdi)] /=/ purdi (pud) &farmer, x3 of cange *farming, x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian /:/ [also grange; | is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops] /=/ cange (cag) *farts, x1 coughs/|/burps up/out x2 [predominantly gaseous] from orifice x3 /:/ /=/ kafke &fast, x1 of sutra &fast, done | x2 of sutra *fast, x1 is |/swift/quick/hastes/rapid at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ sutra (sut) &fasten, x1 of lasna *fasten, x1 (agent) |-s/connects/attaches x2 to x3 with |-er x4 /:/ [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached] /=/ lasna (la'a) &fastened to, x3 of lasna &fastened, x2 of lasna *fastened, x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union /:/ [also joined/|/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)] /=/ jorne (jon jo'e) *fastener (keyable |), x1 is a key fitting/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3 /:/ [also x2 |, mechanism; code key (= termifckiku, ckitermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth] /=/ ckiku (kik) *fastener (pointed |), x1 is a nail/tack [pointed driven/frictional |] of type/size x2 (ka), made of material x3 /:/ /=/ dinko (di'o) *fastener (threaded |), x1 is a screw [|] for purpose x2, threads [pitch, material] x3, frame [size, material] x4 /:/ [also bolt] /=/ klupe (lup lu'e) *fastener (used to fasten), x4 of: x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches x2 to x3 with | x4 /:/ [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached] /=/ lasna (la'a) *fastener (| joining things), x3 of: x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union /:/ [also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with | x3; | (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)] /=/ jorne (jon jo'e) &fastener, x4 of lasna *fastening (of a knot), x1 is a knot/tangle in/between x2 (object/jo'u-objects) /:/ [knot (verb = jgegau, jgezu'e, jgeri'a, jgela'a), knot: | between two or more cords (= jgeterjo'e)] /=/ jgena (jge) *fastening (| by a pin/peg), x1 is a pin/peg (needle-shaped tool) for | to/piercing x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ pijne *fastens, x1 (agent) |/connects/attaches x2 to x3 with fastener x4 /:/ [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached] /=/ lasna (la'a) *fat (edible, from a living/formerly living source), x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible |, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)] /=/ matne *fat (having oily texture, composed of glyceryl fatty acid esters), x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains grease/|/oil from source x2 /:/ /=/ grasu (ras) *fat (obese), x1 is plump/|/obese [excessively thick/bulbous/swollen] by standard x2 /:/ /=/ plana &fate, x1 of dimna &fate, x3 of dapma &fate, thing having | x2 of dimna *fate, x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [|] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) /:/ [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] /=/ rivbi (riv) *fate, x1 curses/damns/condemns x2 to | (event) x3 /:/ [curse with a specific expression (= dapsku)] /=/ dapma (dap) *fate, x1 is a |/destiny of x2; [doom, curse are mabla-forms]; x2 is fated/predestined/doomed to x1 /:/ [fated/destined/doomed (= seldimna)] /=/ dimna (dim) &fated, x2 of dimna *fated, x1 is a fate/destiny of x2; [doom, curse are mabla-forms]; x2 is |/predestined/doomed to x1 /:/ [|/destined/doomed (= seldimna)] /=/ dimna (dim) *father (male parent), x1 is a parent of/raises/|-s x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) *father (one who acts paternally), x1 is a | of x2; x1 begets/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ patfu (paf pa'u) *father (sire), x1 engenders/|-s/begets x2 with coparent x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) *father (source of male gamete in an embryo), x3 of: x1 is an embryo/zygote/fetus/fertilized egg with mother x2, and | x3 /:/ /=/ tarbi *father (source of sperm), x2 of: x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/|] x2 /:/ [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi] /=/ sovda (sov so'a) *father (| of daughter), x2 of: x1 is a daughter of mother/|/parents x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ tixnu (tix ti'u) *father (| of son), x2 of: x1 is a son of mother/|/parents x2 [not necessarily biological] /:/ [also filial] /=/ bersa (bes be'a) &father, x1 of patfu &father, x2 of bersa &father, x2 of tixnu &father, embryo | x3 of tarbi @father, see also "parent", "offspring", "engender", "uncle" &fathered, x2 of patfu *fatigued, x1 is tired/| by effort/situation x2 (event); x1 needs/wants rest /:/ /=/ tatpi (ta'i) &fatiguing, x2 of tatpi *fault, x1 (property - ka) is a flaw/|/defect in x2 causing x3 /:/ /=/ cfila (cfi) *faultless, x1 is perfect/ideal/archetypical/|/flawless/un-improvable in property/aspect x2 (ka) /:/ [also without defect/error] /=/ prane (pa'e) *favor (approval), x1 approves of/gives | to plan/action x2 (object/event) /:/ /=/ zanru (zar zau) *favor (something begged for), x3 of: x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, |, gift, alms] /=/ pikci &favor, x3 of zabna &favorable, x1 of zabna *favorable, x1 is a | connotation/sense/way-of-looking-at x2 used by x3 /:/ /=/ zabna (zan za'a) &favored, x2 of zabna &fear, x1 of terpa *fear, x1 |-s x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/|-ful of x2 (event/tu'a object) /:/ [x2 is |-some/|-ful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)] /=/ terpa (tep te'a) &feared, x2 of terpa *fearful, x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/| of x2 (event/tu'a object) /:/ [x2 is fearsome/|/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)] /=/ terpa (tep te'a) *fears, x1 | x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object) /:/ [x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)] /=/ terpa (tep te'a) *fearsome, x2 of: x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object) /:/ [x2 is |/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)] /=/ terpa (tep te'a) &feat, gymnastic | x2 of zajba *feat, x1 is a gymnast at/performs gymnastics | x2 /:/ /=/ zajba (zaj) &feather, x1 of pimlu *feather, x1 is a/the |/plume(s)/plumage [body-part] of animal/species x2 /:/ /=/ pimlu (pim pi'u) &feathered, x2 of pimlu *feature (detail), x1 is a detail/|/particular of x2 /:/ /=/ tcila (til) *feature (familiar |), x3 of: x1 is old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in | x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [This can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also ancient (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)] /=/ slabu (sau) *feature (new |), x3 of: x1 is new/unfamiliar/novel to observer x2 in | x3 (ka) by standard x4; x1 is a novelty /:/ /=/ cnino (nin ni'o) *feature (trait), x1 has/is characterized by property/|/trait/aspect/dimension x2 (ka); x2 is manifest in x1 /:/ [manifested/property/quality/trait/|/aspect (= selkai)] /=/ ckaji (kai) *feature (| lost), x2 of: x1 loses person/thing x2 at/near x3; x1 loses property/| x2 in conditions/situation x3 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ecri, po'erselcri for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cirko (cri) &feature, familiar | x3 of slabu *fecal, x1 is a/the feces/excrement/dung/shit of x2 (animal/person); (adjective:) x1 is | (matter) /:/ [also crap] /=/ kalci &feces, x1 of kalci *feces, x1 is a/the |/excrement/dung/shit of x2 (animal/person); (adjective:) x1 is fecal (matter) /:/ [also crap] /=/ kalci *fecund, x1 is fertile/conducive for supporting the growth/development of x2; x1 is fruitful/prolific /:/ [also | (note that the Lojban covers both potential and actual/realized fertility)] /=/ ferti (fre) &fed by river, x4 of rirxe &fee, x2 of pleji *feeble, x1 is weak/|/frail in property/quality/aspect x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ ruble (rub ble) &feed on, x2 of cidja *feed, x1 is food/|/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/gives nutrition to x2 /:/ /=/ cidja (dja) *feel pride, x1 (person) | in/about x2 (abstraction) /:/ [an emotional combination of satisfaction and respect/esteem towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specific tie to emoter; | self (= se'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu'a for pride in non-specific actions/properties of someone] /=/ jgira (jgi) &feeling anguish, person | x1 of dunku *feels (senses/notices), x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also |, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) *feels ashamed/mortified/humiliated, x1 | under conditions x2 before community/audience x3 /:/ /=/ ckeji (kej cke) *feels comfort, x1 |/is comfortable with conditions/environmental property(ies) x2 /:/ /=/ kufra (kuf) &feels emotion, x1 of cinmo *feels emotion, x1 | x2 (ka) about x3 /:/ [also mood/humor (= nuncni)] /=/ cinmo (cni) *feels frustration, x1 | about x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ steba (seb) *feels guilt/remorse, x1 | about x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ zungi (zug) *feels love, x1 loves/| [strong affectionate devotion] towards x2 (object/state) /:/ [also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (= selprami for reordered places)] /=/ prami (pam pa'i) *feels pain/hurt, x1 hurts/| at locus x2 /:/ /=/ cortu (cor cro) *feels pride, x1 (person) | in/about x2 (abstraction) /:/ [an emotional combination of satisfaction and respect/esteem towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specific tie to emoter; self-pride (= se'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu'a for pride in non-specific actions/properties of someone] /=/ jgira (jgi) *feels regret/remorse, x1 regrets/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 /:/ [also: x1 | about x2 (= zugyxe'u)] /=/ xenru (xer xe'u) *feels sorrow/grief, x1 is sad/depressed/dejected/[unhappy/|] about x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ badri (dri) *feels sorry for, x1 (person) pities/| x2 (person) about x3 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ kecti (kec ke'i) *feels terror/fear, x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object); x1 | about x2 /:/ [x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)] /=/ terpa (tep te'a) *feels wonder/awe, x1 |/marvels about x2 /:/ /=/ manci (mac) *feet, x1 is a shoe/boot/sandal for covering/protecting [|/hooves] x2, and of material x3 /:/ [also boot (= tupcutci)] /=/ cutci (cuc) *feet, x1 kicks [hits with x1's foot/| x4] x2 in/at locus x3, using x1's foot/| x4 /:/ /=/ tikpa (tip) *feline, x1 is a cat/[puss/pussy/kitten] [| animal] of species/breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ /=/ mlatu (lat) &felt, emotion | x2 of cinmo *fem- (sound clue and Romance etymological prefix meaning 'female'), x1 is a |-ale/doe of species x2 evidencing |-inine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is |-inine /:/ /=/ fetsi (fet fe'i) *female (girl, young |), x1 is a girl [young | person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)] /=/ nixli (nix xli) *female (woman, | person), x1 is a woman/women; x1 is a | humanoid person [not necessarily adult] /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)] /=/ ninmu (nim ni'u) *female (| of species), x1 is a |/doe of species x2 evidencing feminine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is feminine /:/ /=/ fetsi (fet fe'i) *female egg (ovum), x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 /:/ [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically | (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi] /=/ sovda (sov so'a) &female species, x2 of fetsi &female trait, x3 of fetsi &female, x1 of fetsi *feminine, x1 is a female/doe of species x2 evidencing | trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is | /:/ /=/ fetsi (fet fe'i) *femto- (metric prefix), x1 is 1x10**-15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ femti (fem) *fen, x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also pfennig, paisa, sen, |, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) *fence, x1 is a wall/| separating x2 and x3 (unordered) of/in structure x4 /:/ /=/ bitmu (bim bi'u) &fenced, x2 of bitmu &fenced, x3 of bitmu *fermentation agent, x2 of: x1 rots/decays/ferments with decay/| agent x2; x1 is rotten/decayed/fermented /:/ /=/ fusra (fur) *fermented, x1 rots/decays/ferments with decay/fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten/decayed/| /:/ /=/ fusra (fur) *ferments, x1 rots/decays/| with decay/fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten/decayed/fermented /:/ /=/ fusra (fur) *ferric, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of iron (Fe); [metaphor: strong tarnishing] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is |/ferrous] /=/ tirse (tir) *ferrous, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of iron (Fe); [metaphor: strong tarnishing] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is ferric/|] /=/ tirse (tir) &fertile, x1 of ferti *fertile, x1 is |/conducive for supporting the growth/development of x2; x1 is fruitful/prolific /:/ [also fecund (note that the Lojban covers both potential and actual/realized fertility)] /=/ ferti (fre) &fertility product, x2 of ferti *fertilized egg, x1 is an embryo/zygote/fetus/| egg with mother x2, and father x3 /:/ /=/ tarbi *fertilized seed, x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 /:/ [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a | egg] /=/ tsiju (tsi) *festival (activity celebrating something), x3 of: x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) |/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) *fetch, x1 gets/procures/acquires/obtains/accepts/|-es x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] /:/ [accept a gift (= du'acpa)] /=/ cpacu (cpa) *fetus, x1 is an embryo/zygote/|/fertilized egg with mother x2, and father x3 /:/ /=/ tarbi *feverish, x1 is hot/[warm] by standard x2 /:/ [warm (= mligla), | (= bi'agla)] /=/ glare (gla) &fiction subject, x2 of cfika &fiction, x1 of cfika &fiction, author of | x3 of cfika &fiction, genre of | x2 of cfika &fiction, write | x3 of cfika *fiction, x1 is a work of | about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3 /:/ [also story, lie, untrue] /=/ cfika (fik fi'a) *fiddle, x1 is guitar/violin/|/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 /:/ [also lute, viola, cello] /=/ jgita (git) *field (broad uniform expanse), x1 is a | [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad uniform expanse of x2 /:/ [also woods (= ricfoi), lawn/meadow (= sasfoi), brush (= spafoi, cicyspafoi)] /=/ foldi (flo foi) *field (force | causing weight), x3 of: x1 is the weight of object x2 in [gravitational or other force] | x3 /:/ /=/ junta *field (garden/cultivated |), x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated | of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3 /:/ [orchard (= ricpurdi)] /=/ purdi (pud) *field (magnetic |), x2 of: x1 is magnetic [adjective] producing magnetic | x2 /:/ /=/ maksi (mak) &field material, x2 of foldi &field, x1 of foldi &field, magnetic | x2 of maksi *fiesta, x3 of: x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) festival/|/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) *fife, x1 is a flute/pipe/|/recorder [flute-like/air-reed musical instrument] /:/ /=/ flani &fig species, x2 of figre &fig, x1 of figre *fig, x1 is a | [fruit/tree] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ figre (fig) &fight, x1 of damba &fight, opponent in | x2 of damba *fight, x1 |-s/combats/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combatant /:/ [use x3 tu'a for | over an object/objective] /=/ damba (dab da'a) *fighter (combatant), x1 fights/combats/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a |/combatant /:/ [use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective] /=/ damba (dab da'a) *fighter (warrior), x1 is a soldier/warrior/| of army x2 /:/ /=/ sonci (son soi) *fights, x1 |/combats/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combatant /:/ [use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective] /=/ damba (dab da'a) *figure (quantity), x1 (li) is a number/quantifier/digit/value/| [noun]; refers to the value and not the symbol /:/ /=/ namcu (nac na'u) @figure (symbol representing a number), see "numeral" @figure of speech, see "metaphor" *filament (thread/wire), x1 is a thread/|/wire [shape/form] of material x2 /:/ /=/ cilta (cil) *filament (| used in sewing), x4 of: x1 sews/stitches/sutures materials x2 (individual/set) together with tool(s) x3, using | x4 /:/ (x2 if a set must be a complete specification) /=/ fenso (fen fe'o) *file, x1 is a drawer/| in structure x2, a [sliding compartment] container for contents x3 /:/ /=/ dacru (dac) *filial (of a son), x1 is a son of mother/father/parents x2 [not necessarily biological] /:/ [also |] /=/ bersa (bes be'a) *filial (of offspring), x1 is a [biological] offspring/child/kid/hybrid of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ /=/ panzi (paz) &filing system, x2 of dacru &fill sail, x2 of falnu &fill, x1 of tisna *fill, x1 (object) |-s/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 /:/ [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive |-ing (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)] /=/ tisna (tis) *filled (completely |), x1 is full/completely | with x2 /:/ /=/ culno (clu) &filled, x2 of tisna *filled-in circle, x1 is round/circular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/ring /:/ [normally used for a |/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring'] /=/ cukla (cuk) *filling (agentive |), x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 /:/ [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive | (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)] /=/ tisna (tis) *filling (material used to fill), x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material/| x2; x2 pours into x1 /:/ [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)] /=/ tisna (tis) &filling material, x3 of tisna &filling, x2 of culno &filling, sandwich | x2 of snuji &filling, tube | x3 of tubnu *filling, x1 is a/the argument of predicate/function x2 | place x3 (kind/number) /:/ (x1 and x2 are text) /=/ sumti (sum su'i) &fills, x2 of culno *fills, x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits/pours/inflates/stuffs/| x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 /:/ [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) *fills, x1 (object) |/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 /:/ [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)] /=/ tisna (tis) &film [v], x3 of skina &film subject, x2 of skina &film, plot of | x2 of skina *film, x1 is a cinema/movie/| about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) &filmmaker, x3 of skina *filmmaker, x3 of: x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], | x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) &filter, x1 of julne *filter, x1 is a net/| allowing passage of x2, prohibiting passage of x3, netting properties x4 /:/ [also sieve] /=/ julne (ju'e) &filtered out, x3 of julne *fin (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 is a fish of species x2 [metaphorical extension to sharks, non-fish aquatic vertebrates] /:/ /=/ finpe (fip fi'e) @fin, consider metaphors "fish-arm" (= fipybirka), "fish-leg" (= fiptu'e), "fish-sail" (= fipfalnu), "fish-limb" (= fipyjimca), "fish-tail" (= fipyrebla) *final, x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] /:/ [x1 is |/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the |/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)] /=/ fanmo (fam fa'o) *financial (pertaining to money), x1 is money/currency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is |/monetary/pecuniary/fiscal /:/ ['currency' sometimes is restricted to paper money (= pledi'i)] /=/ jdini (din di'i) @financial, see also "invest" &find bad, x2 of xlali &find beautiful, x2 of melbi &find bitter, x2 of kurki &find costly, x2 of kargu &find delicious, x2 of kukte &find difficult, x2 of nandu &find dim, x3 of kandi &find easy, x2 of frili &find good, x2 of xamgu &find intense, x3 of carmi &find new, x2 of cnino &find pungent, x2 of cpina &find quiet, x2 of smaji &find severe, x2 of jursa &find sour, x2 of slari &find strange, x2 of cizra &find sweet, x2 of titla *find, x1 discovers/|-s out x2 (du'u) about subject/object x3; x1 |-s (fi) x3 (object) /:/ /=/ facki (fak fa'i) &finds familiar, x2 of slabu &finds funny, x2 of xajmi &finds important, x2 of vajni *finds out, x1 discovers/| x2 (du'u) about subject/object x3; x1 finds (fi) x3 (object) /:/ /=/ facki (fak fa'i) &finds poisonous, x2 of vindu &finds tragic, x2 of betri *finds, x1 discovers/| out x2 (du'u) about subject/object x3; x1 | (fi) x3 (object) /:/ /=/ facki (fak fa'i) *fine, x1 is virtuous/saintly/[|/moral/nice/holy/morally good] by standard x2 /:/ [holy/saintly (= cesyvu'e)] /=/ vrude (vud vu'e) *fine-textured, x1 is rough/coarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity /:/ [| (= tolrufsu)] /=/ rufsu (ruf) &finger, x1 of degji &finger, limb with | x2 of degji &finger, thing having | x3 of degji *finger, x1 is a/the |/digit/toe [body-part] on limb/body site x2 of body x3; [metaphor: peninsula] /:/ [| (= xandegji), toe (= jmadegji)]; , /=/ degji (deg) *finish, x1 is an end/|/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] /:/ [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)] /=/ fanmo (fam fa'o) *finished, x1 (event) is complete/done/|; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 /:/ [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely] /=/ mulno (mul mu'o) *fir, x1 is a conifer/pine/| of species/strain x2 with cones x3 /:/ /=/ ckunu (ku'u) &fire, x1 of fagri &fire, air for | x3 of fagri &fire, fuel for | x2 of fagri *fire, x1 is a |/flame in fuel x2 burning-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen) /:/ /=/ fagri (fag) *fire, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of smoke/smog/air pollution from source x2 /:/ [x2 may be a |] /=/ danmo (dam) *fires, x1 launches/|/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] /:/ [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) *firing (purpose of a ballistic projectile), x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for | by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) *firm (company), x1 is a company/corporation/|/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)] /=/ kagni (kag) *firm (constant), x1 is constant/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3 /:/ [also stable/consistent/steadfast/|/steady] /=/ stodi (sto) *firm (inflexible), x1 is stiff/rigid/inflexible/resistant in direction x2 against force x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also sometimes: |, hard; not limited to physical forces; e.g. mental rigidity] /=/ tinsa &firm, x1 of jdari *firm, x1 is |/hard/resistant/unyielding to force x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ jdari (jar) &firmness conditions, x3 of jdari &firmness, meet | x2 of jdari &first subunit of pound, x4 of bunda *fiscal, x1 is money/currency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/| /:/ ['currency' sometimes is restricted to paper money (= pledi'i)] /=/ jdini (din di'i) &fish species, x2 of finpe &fish, x1 of finpe *fish, x1 hunts/stalks prey/quarry x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also verb to | (= fipkalte)] /=/ kalte (kat) *fish, x1 is a | of species x2 [metaphorical extension to sharks, non-| aquatic vertebrates] /:/ /=/ finpe (fip fi'e) *fissure, x1 is a crack/|/pass/cleft/ravine/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2 /:/ /=/ fenra (fer fe'a) &fit, x1 of mapti *fit, x1 is healthy/|/well/in good health by standard x2 /:/ /=/ kanro (ka'o) *fit, x1 |-s/matches/suits/is compatible/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3 /:/ /=/ mapti (mat) *fits, x1 |/matches/suits/is compatible/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3 /:/ /=/ mapti (mat) *fitting (of a key in a lock), x1 is a key |/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3 /:/ [also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (= termifckiku, ckitermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth] /=/ ckiku (kik) *fix, x1 repairs/mends/|-es x2 for use x3 /:/ [a repair may be incomplete, |-ing only one of the possible uses of x2, hence x3] /=/ cikre &fixed, thing that becomes | x2 of cikre *fixes, x1 repairs/mends/| x2 for use x3 /:/ [a repair may be incomplete, fixing only one of the possible uses of x2, hence x3] /=/ cikre *fixing, x1 repairs/mends/fixes x2 for use x3 /:/ [a repair may be incomplete, | only one of the possible uses of x2, hence x3] /=/ cikre &flag design, x3 of lanci &flag material, x4 of lanci &flag, x1 of lanci &flag, thing having | x2 of lanci *flag, x1 is a |/banner/standard of/symbolizing x2 with pattern(s) x3 on material x4 /:/ /=/ lanci *flame, x1 is a fire/| in fuel x2 burning-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen) /:/ /=/ fagri (fag) *flammable gas (metaphorical), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of hydrogen (H); [metaphor: light, |] /:/ /=/ cidro (dro) *flammable, x1 burns/[ignites/is |/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3 /:/ [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), |/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)] /=/ jelca (jel) *flask, x1 is a bottle/jar/urn/|/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4 /:/ /=/ botpi (bot bo'i) *flat (container), x1 is a tray/platter/| container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is |-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable] /=/ palne *flat (dish), x1 is a plate/dish/platter/saucer [|/mildly concave food service bed] made of material x2 /:/ /=/ palta *flat (form), x1 is a mat/pad/mattress/pallet [|, soft, dense form] of material x2 /:/ [also mattress = (kicymatci)] /=/ matci *flat (object), x1 is a board/plank [3-dimensional long | rectangle] of material x2 /:/ /=/ tanbo (ta'o) *flat (orientation), x1 is |/level/horizontal in gravity/frame of reference x2 /:/ /=/ pinta (pin) *flat (planar), x1 is a plane [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is |/[smooth] /:/ [also: x1 is even/planar/level]; (x2 is a set of points at least sufficient to define the plane) /=/ plita (pit) *flat (portion), x1 is a slice [thin | portion] of x2 (mass) /:/ /=/ panlo (pa'o) *flat (upper surface), x1 is a table/| solid upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/base/pedestal x3 /:/ /=/ jubme (jub jbu) *flavor (taste), x1 (ka) is a taste/| of/emitted by x2; x2 tastes of/like x1 /:/ [also: x2 tastes of seasoning x1, x1 is a seasoned | of x2 (= tsapyvu'i)] /=/ vrusi (vus vu'i) *flavor (| caused by seasoning), x2 of: x1 is a seasoning/condiment/spice causing |/effect x2 (event/property) /:/ [also: x1 flavors x2 (tu'a)] /=/ tsapi *flavor (| of soda), x2 of: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of a carbonated beverage of |/brand x2 /:/ [also: soft drink (though this English phrase sometimes includes tea and coffee as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are "hard drinks")] /=/ sodva (sod) &flavor, x2 of tsapi &flavor, soda | x2 of sodva &flavored, x2 of vrusi *flavors (causes flavor), x1 is a seasoning/condiment/spice causing flavor/effect x2 (event/property) /:/ [also: x1 | x2 (tu'a)] /=/ tsapi &flaw, x1 of cfila &flaw, result of | x3 of cfila *flaw, x1 (property - ka) is a |/fault/defect in x2 causing x3 /:/ /=/ cfila (cfi) *flaw, x1 is a crack/fissure/pass/cleft/ravine/chasm/[defect/|] [shape/form] in x2 /:/ /=/ fenra (fer fe'a) &flawed, thing | x2 of cfila *flawless, x1 is perfect/ideal/archetypical/faultless/|/un-improvable in property/aspect x2 (ka) /:/ [also without defect/error] /=/ prane (pa'e) *flax, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of linen/| [type of fabric/material] /:/ /=/ matli *flea, x1 is a louse/| [blood-sucking arthropod] of species/breed x2, parasitic on x3 /:/ /=/ civla (civ) *flesh, x1 is a quantity of/contains meat/| from source/animal x2 /:/ /=/ rectu (rec re'u) *flexible (| 2-dimensional form), x1 is a sheet/foil/blanket [2-dimensional shape/form | in 3 dimensions] of material x2 /:/ /=/ boxfo (bof bo'o) &flies by airplane, x2 of vinji *flies, x1 | [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x2 /:/ /=/ vofli (vol voi) *flight (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 flies [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x2 /:/ /=/ vofli (vol voi) &flight means, x2 of vofli &flight, x1 of vofli %flight, x1 is a |/an event of x2 flying [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ nunvofli %flight, x1 is |/the property/quality of x2 flying [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ kamvofli *flirted, x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is | with/courted by x2 (= cinfri)] /=/ cinse (cin) *flirts (exhibits sexuality), x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [also: x1 courts/|; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfri)] /=/ cinse (cin) &float, x1 of fulta *float, x1 (passive) |-s on/in fluid (gas/liquid) x2; x1 is buoyant /:/ /=/ fulta (ful flu) &floated in, x2 of fulta *floats, x1 (passive) | on/in fluid (gas/liquid) x2; x1 is buoyant /:/ /=/ fulta (ful flu) *flock (| of sheep), x3 of: x1 is a sheep/[lamb/ewe/ram] of species/breed x2 of | x3 /:/ /=/ lanme (lan) &flock of sheep, x3 of lanme *floor (bottom surface), x1 is a |/bottom/ground of x2 /:/ [floor/level/story of a building/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)] /=/ loldi (lol loi) *floor (cloud bottom), x1 is a cloud/mass of clouds of material x2 in air mass x3 at |/base elevation x4 /:/ /=/ dilnu (dil) *floor (level of a building), x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2 /:/ [|/level/story of a building/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)] /=/ loldi (lol loi) *floor (part of the bounds of a room), x3 of: x1 is a room/chamber of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/| x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ /=/ kumfa (kum ku'a) &floor, x1 of loldi &floor, thing having | x2 of loldi *floral, pertaining to flowers), x1 is a/the flower/blossom/bloom [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ /=/ xrula (rul) *flour, x1 is a powder of material x2 /:/ [| (= grupu'o, xripu'o)] /=/ purmo (pum pu'o) &flow destination, x3 of flecu &flow source, x4 of flecu &flow, x1 of flecu &flow, thing having | x2 of flecu *flow, x1 is a current/|/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/toward x3 from direction/source x4 /:/ [x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (= camfle, sukfle)] /=/ flecu (fle) *flower (blossum), x1 is a/the |/blossom/bloom [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is floral /:/ /=/ xrula (rul) *flower (lotus/symbolic |), x1 is a lotus, plant/|/herb of species/strain x2 symbolizing x3 to culture/religion x4 /:/ /=/ latna *flower (rose), x1 is a rose [| - characterized by prickly stem/fragrance] of species/strain x2 /:/ [roses are not all pink; avoid using for color rose, which might be labyxu'e] /=/ rozgu (roz zgu) &flower [v], x2 of xrula &flower, x1 of xrula &flowering plant, x2 of xrula *flowing, x1 is a current/flow/river of/in x2 | in direction to/toward x3 from direction/source x4 /:/ [x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (= camfle, sukfle)] /=/ flecu (fle) &flown, x2 of vinji *fluid (liquid), x1 is liquid/|, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 /:/ [conditions include temperature and pressure] /=/ litki (lik) *fluid (low pressure | sucking), x2 of: x1 sucks/is suction/vacuum/relatively low pressure of |/gas x2 relative to high pressure x3 /:/ [also suck object/| (= sakcpu or sakmuvgau)] /=/ sakci (sak) *fluid (mercury as metaphor for | metal), x1 is a quantity of/contains/made of mercury/quicksilver; [metaphor: | metal; temperature] /:/ /=/ margu (mag) *fluid (pumped |), x2 of: x1 is a pump/injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting | x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 /:/ [x2 | may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure] /=/ pambe *fluid (stirred |), x2 of: x1 (object, or event: force) stirs/mixes/[roils/agitates] | (gas/liquid) x2 /:/ [convection (= nenflejicla); agentive stirring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)] /=/ jicla *fluid (vital |), x1 is blood/vital | of organism x2 /:/ /=/ ciblu (blu) *fluid (| comprising ocean), x3 of: x1 is a sea/ocean/gulf/[atmosphere] of planet x2, of | x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine /:/ [also atmosphere (= varxamsi, varsenta)] /=/ xamsi (xas) *fluid (| draining), x1 liquid/| drains/strains/flushes from source x2 through drain/strainer x3 by force x4 /:/ [x4 is usually gravity] /=/ rinci *fluid (| floated in), x2 of: x1 (passive) floats on/in | (gas/liquid) x2; x1 is buoyant /:/ /=/ fulta (ful flu) *fluid (| flowing), x2 of: x1 is a current/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/toward x3 from direction/source x4 /:/ [x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a | [gas or liquid] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (= camfle, sukfle)] /=/ flecu (fle) *fluid (| in well/spring), x2 of: x1 is a well/spring of | x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ jinto *fluid (| swam in), x2 of: x1 (agent) swims in | x2 /:/ /=/ limna (lim) *fluid (| thirsted for), x2 of: x1 thirsts for x2; x1 needs/wants drink/|/lubrication x2 /:/ /=/ taske &fluid from well, x2 of jinto &fluid, sea | x3 of xamsi @fluid, see also "gas", "liquid" *fluorine, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of halogen of type x2 [chlorine, |, iodine, etc.] /:/ [also bromine; default chlorine] /=/ kliru *flushes (drains), x1 liquid/fluid drains/strains/| from source x2 through drain/strainer x3 by force x4 /:/ [x4 is usually gravity] /=/ rinci *flushes (sudden intense flow), x1 is a current/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/toward x3 from direction/source x4 /:/ [x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 | toward x3 (= camfle, sukfle)] /=/ flecu (fle) *flustered, x1 is embarrassed/disconcerted/|/ill-at-ease about/under conditions x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ burna &flute, x1 of flani *flute, x1 is a |/pipe/fife/recorder [|-like/air-reed musical instrument] /:/ /=/ flani &fly species, x2 of sfani &fly, x1 of sfani *fly, x1 is a | [a small non-stinging flying insect] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ sfani *fly, x1 |-ies [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x2 /:/ /=/ vofli (vol voi) *flying insect, x1 is a fly [a small non-stinging |] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ sfani *flying vehicle, x1 is an airplane/aircraft [|] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ vinji (vij) %flying, x1 is a flight/an event of x2 | [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ nunvofli %flying, x1 is flight/the property/quality of x2 | [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ kamvofli &foam bubble, material in | x3 of fonmo &foam material, x2 of fonmo &foam, x1 of fonmo *foam, x1 is a quantity of |/froth/suds of material x2, with bubbles/vacuoles of material x3 /:/ /=/ fonmo (fom fo'o) *foci, x1 is a lens/glass [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to focus/| x3 by means/material x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is optical; focussing may be optical or otherwise, hence x2 which may be light, sound. X-ray, etc., default is light/optical lens; ka is refraction] /=/ lenjo (len le'o) *focus (middle/center), x1 is in/at the middle/center/midpoint/[is a |] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is central /:/ /=/ midju (mij) *focus (place gathered at), x2 of: x1 (mass/jo'u) gathers/collects at location x2 from locations x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ [also | (= seljmaji)] /=/ jmaji (jaj) *focus (| of a lens), x1 is a lens/glass [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to |/foci x3 by means/material x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is optical; focussing may be optical or otherwise, hence x2 which may be light, sound. X-ray, etc., default is light/optical lens; ka is refraction] /=/ lenjo (len le'o) *focus (| of a sentence/phrase), x2 of: x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/|] in language x3 /:/ /=/ jufra (juf ju'a) &focus of lens, x3 of lenjo &focussed by lens, image | x2 of lenjo *focussing (of a lens), x1 is a lens/glass [| shape/form] | x2 to focus/foci x3 by means/material x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is optical; | may be optical or otherwise, hence x2 which may be light, sound, X-ray, etc., default is light/optical lens; ka is refraction] /=/ lenjo (len le'o) *foe, x1 is an enemy/opponent/adversary/| of x2 in struggle x3 /:/ /=/ bradi &fog composition, x2 of bumru &fog, x1 of bumru *fog, x1 is foggy/misty/covered by a |/mist/vapor of liquid x2 /:/ /=/ bumru (bum) &fogged, x2 of lunsa *foggy, x1 is |/misty/covered by a fog/mist/vapor of liquid x2 /:/ /=/ bumru (bum) &fogs, x2 of bumru *foil, x1 is a sheet/|/blanket [2-dimensional shape/form flexible in 3 dimensions] of material x2 /:/ /=/ boxfo (bof bo'o) *fold (agentive), x1 (force) |-s/creases x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3 /:/ [for agentive |-ing (= plogau, plozu'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds] /=/ polje (plo) *fold (caused by a force), x1 (force) |-s/creases x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3 /:/ [use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds] /=/ polje (plo) &fold [n], x3 of polje &fold, x1 of polje *fold, x1 (force) |-s/creases x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3 /:/ [for agentive |-ing (= plogau, plozu'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple |-s] /=/ polje (plo) *fold, x1 is a wrinkle/crease/| [shape/form] in x2 /:/ /=/ cinje (cij) &folded, x2 of polje *folded, (adjective:) x1 is bent/crooked/not straight or direct/[twisted]/| /:/ /=/ korcu (kro) &folding crease, x3 of polje *folds, x1 (force) |/creases x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3 /:/ [for agentive folding (= plogau, plozu'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple |] /=/ polje (plo) *foliage, x1 is a leaf of plant x2; x1 is | of x2 /:/ /=/ pezli (pez) &follow, x2 of lidne *followed (of a guide), x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be |, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) *follower (| of a religion), x2 of: x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/| of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) *following (of a tail), x1 is a/the tail/appendix [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: trailing, | portion/appendage] /:/ /=/ rebla (reb) *following (| a leader/pprecedent), x2 of: x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/| /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) *follows (in the future of), x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, succeed, successor, |, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) *follows (obeys), x1 obeys/| the command/rule x2 made by x3; (adjective:) x1 is obedient /:/ /=/ tinbe (tib) *follows (physically | after), x1 chases/pursues/(physically) | after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2 /:/ [x1 | after x2] /=/ jersi (je'i) *folly, x2 of: x1 is foolish/silly in event/action/property [|] (ka) x2; x1 is a boob /:/ /=/ bebna (beb) &fond, x1 of nelci *fond, x1 is | of/likes/has a taste for x2 (object/state) /:/ /=/ nelci (nel nei) *food (as a sandwich), x1 is a sandwich/layering [not restricted to |] of x2 sandwiched between x3 /:/ /=/ snuji (nuj) *food (general term, nutirent), x1 is |/feed/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/gives nutrition to x2 /:/ /=/ cidja (dja) *food (hungered for), x1 hungers for x2; x1 needs/wants |/fuel x2 /:/ /=/ xagji *food (prepared), x1 cooks/prepares |-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process) /:/ [cook with heat (= glajukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)] /=/ jukpa (jup) *food (salad), x1 (mass) is a quantity of salad [|] with ingredients/components including x2 /:/ [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1] /=/ salta *food (service), x1 is a plate/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave | service bed] made of material x2 /:/ /=/ palta *food (soup/stew), x1 is a quantity of soup/stew/olla/olio [|] of ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1] /=/ stasu *food (swallowed), x1 gulps/swallows /:/ [x1 swallows down [|/drink] x2 (= tulpinxe, tulcti, ctitu'o (the latter two are more general - for | or beverage); swallow/engulf (= galxycti, galxynerbi'o, galxygre] /=/ tunlo (tul tu'o) *food (turkey), x1 is a turkey [|/bird] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ xruki (xuk) *food (type in restaurant), x1 is a restaurant/cafe/diner serving type-of-| x2 to audience x3 /:/ /=/ gusta &food, x1 of cidja &food, x2 of citka &food, one who can eat | x2 of cidja &food, prepared | x2 of jukpa &fooled, x2 of tcica &foolish thing, x1 of bebna *foolish, x1 is |/silly in event/action/property [folly] (ka) x2; x1 is a boob /:/ /=/ bebna (beb) &foolishness, x2 of bebna *fools, x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/|/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) *foot (body part), x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lowest portion] (adjective:) x1 is pedal /:/ /=/ jamfu (jaf jma) *foot (something kicked with), x1 kicks [hits with x1's |/feet x4] x2 in/at locus x3, using x1's |/feet x4 /:/ /=/ tikpa (tip) *foot (sound clue, cultural example of general class), x1 is x2 (default 1) short local distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [| (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjamgutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ gutci (guc) *foot (with big toe), x1 is a/the thumb/big toe [body-part] on | x2 of x3; [metaphor based on relative shape] /:/ [thumb (specifically the hand = xantamji), big toe (= jmatamji)] /=/ tamji (taj) *foot (| of garment), x1 is a sock/stocking [flexible | and lower leg garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ smoka (smo) &foot, x1 of jamfu &foot, thing having | x2 of jamfu &footed, x2 of jamfu &for a reason, x2 of krinu *for sale, x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); | (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) &for, argued | x2 of darlu &force, x1 of bapli &force, draining | x4 of rinci &force, molding | x2 of ranti &force, twisting | x2 of torni *force, x1 [|] (ka) forces/compels event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest /:/ [also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)] /=/ bapli (bap bai) &forced, x2 of bapli *forcefully expresses, x1 emphasizes/accentuates/gives emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3 /:/ [also: |] /=/ basna *forces (compels), x1 [force] (ka) |/compels event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest /:/ [also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)] /=/ bapli (bap bai) *forces (| in equilibrium), x2 of: x1 is in balance/equilibrium under | x2 (mass) /:/ (cf. fapro for balancing/opposing |) /=/ lanxe (lax) &forces, balancing | x2 of lanxe *forehead, x1 is a/the brow/| [projecting flat/smooth head/body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ mebri (meb) *foreign, x1 is alien/|/[exotic]/unfamiliar to x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ fange *forerunner, x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, |; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) &forgive, x1 of fraxu *forgive, x1 |-s x2 for event/state/activity x3 /:/ /=/ fraxu (fax) &forgiven, x2 of fraxu &forgiven, matter | x3 of fraxu *forgives, x1 | x2 for event/state/activity x3 /:/ /=/ fraxu (fax) &fork purpose, x2 of forca &fork shaft, x4 of forca &fork tine, x3 of forca &fork, x1 of forca *fork, x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning |] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2 /:/ [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)] /=/ janbe (jab) *fork, x1 is a |/|-type tool/utensil for purpose x2 with tines/prongs x3 on base/support x4 /:/ /=/ forca (fro) *forks, x2 of: x1 is a branch/bough/limb of x2; x2 | into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka] /:/ [also appendage] /=/ jimca (jic) &form of request, x4 of cpedu &form, affix | x3 of rafsi &form, ceramic | x4 of staku &form, chalk | x3 of bakri &form, energy | x3 of nejni &form, material | x3 of marji &form, physical | x3 of marji &form, ritual | x4 of ritli &form, wave | x3 of boxna *form, x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/| of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal |, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that |; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)] /=/ tarmi (tam tai) *form, x1 is/reflects/represents a pattern of |-s/events x2 arranged according to structure x3 /:/ [x3 is a [model] for x1 (= termontai, termonsi'o); image (= gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, selmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the ideal)] /=/ morna (mon mo'a) *formal (polite), x1 is polite/courteous/civil in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3 /:/ [also |, ritual] /=/ clite (lit) *formal (ritual/legal), x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 /:/ [also: x1 is |, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs /=/ ritli (ri'i) *formation (| shown on a map), x3 of: x1 is a chart/diagram/map of/about x2 showing |/data-points x3 /:/ /=/ cartu (cat) &formed, solution | x3 of runta *former (earlier/in the past), x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is |; x2 is latter /:/ [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fa'opru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mu'opru)] /=/ purci (pur pru) *former (having a future), x2 of: x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is | /:/ [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) *former (preceding in sequence), x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is |/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) *forms (| arranged in a pattern), x2 of: x1 is/reflects/represents a pattern of |/events x2 arranged according to structure x3 /:/ [x3 is a [model] for x1 (= termontai, termonsi'o); image (= gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, selmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the ideal)] /=/ morna (mon mo'a) &forte, x2 of certu &forte, x2 of tsali *fortuitous, x1 is random/|/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 /:/ [also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")] /=/ cunso (cun cu'o) *fortune, x1 (event/property) is determined by the luck/| of x2; (note mabla/zabna not implied) /:/ /=/ funca (fun fu'a) *forward (candid), x1 is honest/open/truthfully revealing to/candid/frank with x2 about matter/fact x3 /:/ [also straight, straight-|] /=/ stace (sac) *forward (in front of), x1 is anterior/ahead/|/(in/on) the front of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ crane (cra) &fought over, x3 of damba @foul, see also "rotten" *foul, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sulfur/brimstone (S); [metaphor: | odor, volcanic] /:/ /=/ sliri *foundation, x1 is a basis/|/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2 /:/ [x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)] /=/ jicmu (cmu) *founded on, x2 of: x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2 /:/ [x2 is | basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)] /=/ jicmu (cmu) &founded, x2 of jicmu *foundry (| performing process), x1 is a mill/|/industrial plant/[assembly line] performing process x2 /:/ [(unlike fanri,) need not produce a product; grain mill (= grumlo), grinding mill (= zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca'a)] /=/ molki (mlo) *foundry (| producing product), x1 is a factory/|/industrial plant/mill producing x2 from materials x3 /:/ /=/ fanri *fowl, x1 is a bird/avian/| of species x2 /:/ /=/ cipni (cpi) *fowl, x1 is a chicken/[hen/cock/rooster]/small | [a type of bird] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jipci &fox species, x2 of lorxu &fox, x1 of lorxu *fox, x1 is a | [bushy-tailed wild dog/canine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ lorxu (lor lo'u) *fraction (mathematical), x1 is a |, with numerator x2, denominator x3 (x2/x3) /:/ /=/ frinu *fraction (ratio), x1 (me'o, |) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3] /:/ [also x1 |/proportion/quotient; x2 dividend/numerator; x3 divisor/denominator] /=/ parbi (pab) &fraction, x1 of frinu &fraction, decimal | x2 of saclu *fractional (| value having numerical equivalent), x2 of: x1 (me'o) is the [decimal/binary] equivalent of | x2 (me'o) in base x3 (quantity) /:/ [conversion from fractions to decimal-point based notation] /=/ saclu *fractions (| having numerical equivalent), x2 of: x1 (me'o) is the [decimal/binary] equivalent of fractional x2 (me'o) in base x3 (quantity) /:/ [conversion from | to decimal-point based notation] /=/ saclu *fractures, x1 breaks/|/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2 /:/ /=/ porpi (pop po'i) *fragile, x1 is delicate/|/subtle/refined in property x2 (ka) /:/ [easily damaged or rendered less pleasing/pure/effective] /=/ ralci (rac) *fragments (| of an explosion), x2 of: x1 bursts/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/| x2 /:/ /=/ spoja (poj po'a) *fragrance, x1 is an odor/|/scent/smell emitted by x2 and detected by observer/sensor x3 /:/ [an undetected emitter is odorless to the observer] /=/ panci (pan) &fragrant, x2 of panci *frail, x1 is weak/feeble/| in property/quality/aspect x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ ruble (rub ble) &frame for behind, x3 of trixe &frame for east, x3 of stuna &frame for fall, x4 of farlu &frame for left, x3 of zunle &frame for levelness, x2 of pinta &frame for north, x3 of berti &frame for right, x3 of pritu &frame for sideways, x4 of mlana &frame for south, x3 of snanu &frame for verticality, x2 of sraji &frame for west, x3 of stici &frame of reference, relative to a | x2 of manri &frame, x1 of greku &frame, thing having | x2 of greku *frame, x1 is a |/structure/skeleton/outline supporting/load-bearing/determining the form of x2 /:/ /=/ greku (rek) *franc, x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 /:/ [also pound, rupee, |, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value] /=/ rupnu (rup ru'u) *France, x1 reflects French/Gallic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2; x1 pertains to | in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ fraso (fas) *frank, x1 is honest/open/truthfully revealing to/candid/| with x2 about matter/fact x3 /:/ [also straight, straight-forward] /=/ stace (sac) *frantic, x1 (action/event) is crazy/insane/mad/|/in a frenzy (one sense) by standard x2 /:/ /=/ fenki (fek) *fraternal, x1 is brother of/| to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ bruna (bun bu'a) *free of, x1 is without/lacking/|/lacks x2; x1 is x2-less /:/ /=/ claxu (cau) &free, x1 of zifre *free, x1 is |/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2] /=/ zifre (zif zi'e) &freedom conditions, x3 of zifre &freedom, x2 of zifre *freely (by free will), x1 is free/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, |, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2] /=/ zifre (zif zi'e) *freely (easily), x1 (action) is easy/simple/facile for x2 (agent) under conditions x3; x2 does x1 |/easily /:/ /=/ frili (fil) &freely done, x2 of zifre &freeze, x1 of dunja *freeze, x1 |-s/jells/solidifies at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ /=/ dunja (duj) *freezes, x1 |/jells/solidifies at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ /=/ dunja (duj) &freezing point, x2 of dunja &freezing pressure, x3 of dunja *freezing rain, x1 is hail/sleet/|/solid precipitation of material/composition including x2 /:/ [this is the substance, not the act or manner of its falling, which is carvi] /=/ bratu &freezing temperature, x2 of dunja &French aspect, x2 of fraso &French, x1 of fraso *French, x1 reflects |/Gallic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ fraso (fas) @frenzy, (a specific event of being in a frenzy), consider metaphor "(nu)-crazy" (= nunfenki) *frenzy, x1 (action/event) is crazy/insane/mad/frantic/in a | (one sense) by standard x2 /:/ /=/ fenki (fek) *frequency (| of oscillation), x2 of: x1 oscillates at rate/| x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) *frequency (| of radio broadcast), x3 of: x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/| x3 to [radio] receiver x4 /:/ /=/ cradi *frequency (| of tone), x2 of: x1 is a tone/note of |/pitch x2 from source x3 /:/ /=/ tonga (tog to'a) *frequency (| of wave), x5 of: x1 is a wave [periodic pattern] in medium x2, wave-form x3, wave-length x4, | x5 /:/ /=/ boxna (bon bo'a) &frequency, oscillation | x2 of slilu &frequency, radio | x3 of cradi &frequency, tone | x2 of tonga &frequency, wave | x5 of boxna %frequency, x1 is a note/musical notation/symbol for tone/note x2 of |/pitch x3 in musical notation system x4/:/ /=/ togle'u *frequently, x1 (event) often/|/commonly/customarily occurs/recurs by standard x2 /:/ /=/ cafne (caf) &fresh, x1 of vifne *fresh, (adjective:) x1 is |/unspoiled /:/ /=/ vifne (vif) &friction, x1 of mosra *friction, x1 is | [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 /:/ [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)] /=/ mosra (mos) *frictional fastener, x1 is a nail/tack [pointed driven/|] of type/size x2 (ka), made of material x3 /:/ /=/ dinko (di'o) &friend, x1 of pendo *friend, x1 is/acts as a | of/to x2 (experiencer); x2 befriends x1 /:/ /=/ pendo (ped pe'o) *frightened, x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/| by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object) /:/ [x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)] /=/ terpa (tep te'a) *frightening, x2 of: x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object) /:/ [x2 is fearsome/fearful/|/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)] /=/ terpa (tep te'a) *frivolous, x1 uses levity/is non-serious/| about x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ xalbo *fro (to and |), x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and |, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) *fro (to and |), x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and |, back and forth, reciprocal motion] /=/ desku (des) *front side, x1 is anterior/ahead/forward/(in/on) the | of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ crane (cra) &front, x1 of crane &front, in | x2 of trixe &front, reference for | x3 of crane &front, thing having in | x2 of crane *front, x1 is anterior/ahead/forward/(in/on) the | of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ crane (cra) *frosting, x1 is a sauce/topping/gravy/| for use with x2, containing ingredient(s) including x3 /:/ [x3 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of sauce x1] /=/ sanso *froth, x1 is a quantity of foam/|/suds of material x2, with bubbles/vacuoles of material x3 /:/ /=/ fonmo (fom fo'o) &frown, x1 of frumu *frown, x1 |-s/grimaces (facial expression) /:/ [x1 |-s/grimaces at/in reaction to x2 (= frufra)] /=/ frumu (fru) *frowns, x1 |/grimaces (facial expression) /:/ [x1 |/grimaces at/in reaction to x2 (= frufra)] /=/ frumu (fru) *frozen (| crystal), x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains ice [| crystal] of composition/material x2 /:/ [composition including x2, which need not be a complete composition] /=/ bisli (bis) &fructiferous, x2 of grute *fructose, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also sucrose, |, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (sakybasti, basysakta, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ sakta (sat) *fruit (apple), x1 is an apple [|] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ plise *fruit (banana), x1 is a banana/plantain [|/plant] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ badna *fruit (body-part), x1 is a | [body-part] of species x2 /:/ /=/ grute (rut) *fruit (citrus |), x1 is a quantity of citrus [|/tree, etc.] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ nimre *fruit (edible portion of plant), x2 of: x1 is the edible x2 portion of plant x3; x1 is a vegetable /:/ [note that |-s and nuts are also vegetables; generally this word will be used for either the general category of edible plants, or for non-| vegetables (= nalrutstagi)] /=/ stagi *fruit (fig), x1 is a fig [|/tree] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ figre (fig) *fruit (melon/squash), x1 is a melon/squash [|/plant] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ guzme (guz zme) *fruit (nut), x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-shelled |] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and kernel x4 /:/ [also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)] /=/ narge (nag) *fruit (nutmeat), x4 of: x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-shelled |] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and kernel/| x4 /:/ [also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)] /=/ narge (nag) *fruit (pear), x1 is a pear [|] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ perli (per) *fruit (tomato), x1 is a tomato [|/vegetable/plant] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ tamca *fruit (| used to produce wine), x2 of: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of wine from |/grapes x2 /:/ /=/ vanju (van) &fruit species, x2 of grute &fruit, x1 of grute &fruit, bears | x2 of grute &fruit, wine | x2 of vanju *fruitful, x1 is fertile/conducive for supporting the growth/development of x2; x1 is |/prolific /:/ [also fecund (note that the Lojban covers both potential and actual/realized fertility)] /=/ ferti (fre) &frustrate, x2 of steba &frustrating, x2 of steba *frustration (feels |), x1 feels | about x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ steba (seb) &frustration, x1 of steba &frustration, object of | x2 of steba *fry, x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process) /:/ [cook with heat (= glajukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); | (= rasyjukpa)] /=/ jukpa (jup) %fuchsia, x1 is fuchsin/a dye of magenta/|/purplish-red color /:/ /=/ nukselcinta *fuchsia, x1 is magenta/|/purplish-red [color adjective] /:/ /=/ nukni (nuk) *fuchsin (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 is magenta/fuchsia/purplish-red [color adjective] /:/ /=/ nukni (nuk) %fuchsin, x1 is |/a dye of magenta/fuchsia/purplish-red color /:/ /=/ nukselcinta *fucking, x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in form x1 /:/ [bloody (British sense), |, shit, goddamn] /=/ mabla (mal) *fucks, x1 copulates/|/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2 /:/ [x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)] /=/ gletu (let gle) *fuel (energy source), x1 is a |/energy-source for powering x2 /:/ /=/ livla (lil) *fuel (hungered for), x1 hungers for x2; x1 needs/wants food/| x2 /:/ /=/ xagji *fuel (source of fire), x1 is a fire/flame in | x2 burning-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen) /:/ /=/ fagri (fag) &fuel for fire, x2 of fagri &fuel, x1 of livla &fuel, powered by | x2 of livla &fulcrum, lever | x3 of vraga *fulcrum, x3 of: x1 is a lever [tool] [of apparatus] for doing x2 [function/action], with | x3 and arm x4 /:/ /=/ vraga (vra) *full (garment), x1 is a robe/tunic/gown/cloak/dress/[coveralls] [a long/| body garment] of material x2 /:/ [also coveralls (= paspalku)] /=/ pastu (pas) &full day standard, x3 of djedi &full day, x1 of djedi *full day, x1 is x2 |-s in duration (default is 1 |) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal /:/ [today (= cabdei); tomorrow (= bavlamdei); yesterday (= prulamdei)] /=/ djedi (dje dei) &full days, number of | x2 of djedi &full, x1 of culno *full, x1 is |/completely filled with x2 /:/ /=/ culno (clu) *fully, x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 /:/ [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, |, totally, wholly, completely, entirely] /=/ mulno (mul mu'o) *fully-grown, x1 is mature/ripe/|/adult in development-quality x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ makcu (ma'u) *fumes, x1 is gaseous/|/a gas/vapor of material/composition including x2, under conditions x3 /:/ [x3 includes temperature and pressure] /=/ gapci (gac) *fun, x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 /:/ [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is | for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has | (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2] /=/ zdile (zdi) &function definition, x4 of fancu &function domain, x2 of fancu &function range, x3 of fancu &function with lever, x2 of vraga &function, x1 of fancu &function, apparatus | x2 of cabra &function, army | x3 of jenmi &function, automatic | x2 of zmiku &function, bone | x2 of bongu &function, diplomat | x4 of jansu &function, inoperative | x2 of spofu &function, machine | x2 of minji &function, manual | x2 of macnu &function, organ | x3 of rango &function, pulley | x2 of pulni &function, video | x2 of vidni *function, x1 is a |/single-valued mapping from domain x2 to range x3 defined by expression/rule x4 /:/ /=/ fancu *functions (systemic |), x4 of: x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic |/properties] /=/ ciste (ci'e) &functions, banking | x3 of banxa *fundamental (| principle), x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or | principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2 /:/ [x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/|); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)] /=/ jicmu (cmu) *funeral, x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': | (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) *fungus, x1 is a mold/|/mushrooms/truffles of species/strain x2 parasitic/growing on x3 /:/ /=/ mledi (led) &funniness property, x3 of xajmi &funny, x1 of xajmi &funny, finds | x2 of xajmi *funny, x1 is |/comical to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is | about x1 to x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a comedian (= xampre, xamseljibri for a professional comedian)]; (x1 can be a person/object or an abstraction; be careful about possible sumti-raising) /=/ xajmi (xam) *fur, x1 is a/the hair/| [body-part] of x2 at body location x3 /:/ /=/ kerfa (kre) &furnished, x2 of nilce *furnishes (of furniture), x1 [furniture items] | x2 [location] serving purpose/function x3 /:/ /=/ nilce (ni'e) *furnishes (supplies), x1 [source] provides/supplies/| x2 [supply/commodity] to x3 [recipient] /:/ [agentive supply (= sabgau, sabzu'e)] /=/ sabji (sab) *furniture (| containing drawers), x2 of: x1 is a drawer/file in | x2, a [sliding compartment] container for contents x3 /:/ /=/ dacru (dac) &furniture purpose, x3 of nilce &furniture, x1 of nilce *furniture, x1 [| items] furnishes x2 [location] serving purpose/function x3 /:/ /=/ nilce (ni'e) *furrow, x1 is a groove/trench/| [shape/form] in object/surface x2 /:/ /=/ skuro (ku'o) *furrows (plows), x1 (agent) plows/|/tills [cuts into and turns up] x2 with tool x3 propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ plixa (lix) &future thing, x1 of balvi &future, thing having in its | x2 of balvi &future, thing with | x2 of balvi *future, x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before | x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter /:/ [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fa'opru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mu'opru)] /=/ purci (pur pru) *future, x1 is in the | of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist | (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) *Gaelic (pertaining to Celtic culture), x1 reflects Gaelic/Scottish culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ [Irish (= sicko'o), Scottish (= sunko'o), Celtic (= dzeko'o), Welsh (= nanko'o), Breton (= fasko'o); since Scottish/| is only the northern branch of the Celtic tribes, many would prefer a le'avla for Celtic; nationalism might also demand a separate le'avla for Irish] /=/ skoto (kot ko'o) *Gaelic (pertaining to Scottish culture), x1 reflects |/Scottish culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ [Irish (= sicko'o), Scottish (= sunko'o), Celtic (= dzeko'o), Welsh (= nanko'o), Breton (= fasko'o); since Scottish/| is only the northern branch of the Celtic tribes, many would prefer a le'avla for Celtic; nationalism might also demand a separate le'avla for Irish] /=/ skoto (kot ko'o) *gain (goal of competition), x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for | x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (| may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) *gain (profit), x1 is a profit/|/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 /:/ [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ prali (pal) *gain (win prize), x1 (person/team) wins/|-s prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4 /:/ [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; /=/ jinga (jig ji'a) *gains (seizes), x1 takes/gets/|/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 | possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied] /=/ lebna (leb le'a) *gains (wins), x1 (person/team) wins/| prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4 /:/ [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; /=/ jinga (jig ji'a) &gains, x2 of prali @gains, see also "profit" &gait, running | x4 of bajra *gait, x1 runs on surface x2 using limbs x3 with | x4 /:/ /=/ bajra (baj) *galactose, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, |, lactose, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (sakybasti, basysakta, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ sakta (sat) *gale, x1 is a breeze/wind/| from direction x2 with speed x3; x1 blows from x2 /:/ /=/ brife (bif bi'e) *Gallic, x1 reflects French/| culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ fraso (fas) &gallon standard, x3 of dekpu &gallon, x1 of dekpu &gallon, 1st subunit of | x4 of dekpu *gallon, x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric unit; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [| (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ dekpu &gallons, number of | x2 of dekpu *gambles, x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) /:/ [also ties up/[risks/|]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)] /=/ zivle (ziv vle) *game (amusement), x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 /:/ [also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[|] for x2] /=/ zdile (zdi) *game (complex plaything), x1 [agent] plays with plaything/toy x2 /:/ [play | (= ci'erkei), play competitively (= jvikei)] /=/ kelci (kel kei) *game (hunted prey), x1 hunts/stalks prey/quarry/| x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also verb to fish (= fipkalte)] /=/ kalte (kat) *gamete, x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/| of/from organism [mother/father] x2 /:/ [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi] /=/ sovda (sov so'a) *gamete-producing organ, x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/pollen/|] /=/ ganti *gander, x1 is a goose/[|] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ gunse *gang, x1 is a crew/team/|/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) &gap, x2 of ragve *gap, x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/|/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) *gap, x1 is located across/on the other side of |/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 /:/ [also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo'e); directly across/beyond a boundary/|, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the boundary] /=/ ragve (rav) *gap, x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/|/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) *garbed, x1 wears/is robed/| in x2 as a garment of type x3 /:/ [x2 need not be intended for use as a garment (unlike taxfu)] /=/ dasni (das) &garden, x1 of purdi &garden, grown in | x3 of purdi &garden, thing having | x2 of purdi *garden, x1 is a |/tended/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3 /:/ [orchard (= ricpurdi)] /=/ purdi (pud) &garlic species, x2 of sunga &garlic, x1 of sunga *garlic, x1 is a quantity of | [bulb] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ sunga (sug) *garment (article of clothing), x1 is dress/a |/clothing for wearing by x2 (gender/species/body part) serving purpose x3 /:/ [also: x2 can wear/is wearing x1; refers to something intended for use as a |, not merely something that happens to be worn at some time (which need not be true for dasni)] /=/ taxfu (taf ta'u) *garment (extra outer |), x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer |] of material x2 /:/ /=/ kosta (kos) *garment (foot and lower leg |), x1 is a sock/stocking [flexible foot and lower leg |] of material x2 /:/ /=/ smoka (smo) *garment (garb worn), x2 of: x1 wears/is robed/garbed in x2 as a | of type x3 /:/ [x2 need not be intended for use as a | (unlike taxfu)] /=/ dasni (das) *garment (hand and lower arm |), x1 is a mitten/glove [hand and lower arm |] of material x2 /:/ [mitten (= degycauglu)] /=/ gluta (glu) *garment (head-top |), x1 is a cap/hat/crown/helmet/piece of headgear [head-top |] of material x2 /:/ /=/ mapku (map) *garment (legged |), x1 are pants/trousers/slacks/leggings [legged |] of material x2 /:/ /=/ palku (pak) *garment (long/full body |), x1 is a robe/tunic/gown/cloak/dress/[coveralls] [a long/full body |] of material x2 /:/ [also coveralls (= paspalku)] /=/ pastu (pas) *garment (upper-body |), x1 is a shirt/blouse/top [upper-body | - not necessarily sleeved or buttoned], material x2 /:/ /=/ creka (cek) *garment (| having pocket/pouch), x2 of: x1 is a pocket/pouch of/in |/item x2 /:/ /=/ daski *garment (| open at the bottom), x1 is a skirt/kilt/dress of material x2; x1 is skirted [| open at the bottom; not legged] /:/ [a skirted | may be full length (pastu), but must hang below the waist from support above or at the waist] /=/ skaci &garment purpose, x3 of taxfu &garment, x1 of taxfu &garment, wears | x2 of taxfu *gas (flowing), x1 is a current/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/toward x3 from direction/source x4 /:/ [x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [| or liquid] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (= camfle, sukfle)] /=/ flecu (fle) *gas (inert |), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of inert | of type x2 [neon/argon/radon/xenon] /:/ [default neon] /=/ navni *gas (low pressure of, in vacuum), x1 sucks/is suction/vacuum/relatively low pressure of fluid/| x2 relative to high pressure x3 /:/ [also suck object/fluid (= sakcpu or sakmuvgau)] /=/ sakci (sak) *gas (pumped fluid, not necessarily fuel), x1 is a pump/injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 /:/ [x2 fluid may be liquid or |; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure]; (cf. metaphorical use of fepri for |, risna for liquid) /=/ pambe *gas (something breathed), x1 breathes/respires x2 [|] /:/ /=/ vasxu (vax va'u) *gas (vapor), x1 is gaseous/fumes/a |/vapor of material/composition including x2, under conditions x3 /:/ [x3 includes temperature and pressure] /=/ gapci (gac) &gas composition, x2 of gapci &gas conditions, x3 of gapci &gas, x1 of gapci *gaseous (air/atmosphere), x1 is a quantity of air/normally-| atmosphere of planet x2, of composition including x3 /:/ /=/ vacri (var) *gaseous (gas/vapor), x1 is |/fumes/a gas/vapor of material/composition including x2, under conditions x3 /:/ [x3 includes temperature and pressure] /=/ gapci (gac) *gaseous (| expulsion: cough/fart), x1 coughs/farts/burps up/out x2 [predominantly |] from orifice x3 /:/ /=/ kafke &gateway, x2 of pagre *gateway, x1 is a doorway/|/access way between x2 and x3 of structure x4 /:/ [note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)] /=/ vorme (vor vro) &gather, x1 of jmaji *gather, x1 (mass/jo'u) |-s/collects at location x2 from locations x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ [also focus (= seljmaji)] /=/ jmaji (jaj) *gathered (of data constituting a science), x1 (mass of facts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on methodology x3 /:/ [not limited to science as derived by the scientific method, but pertaining to any body of usually-coherent knowledge garnered/|/assembled by a consistent methodology] /=/ saske (ske) *gathered (of data/facts), x1 (du'u) [fact/measurement] is data/information/statistic(s) about x2 | by method x3 /:/ [evidence (= velji'i datni or just velji'i, ti'irdatni)] /=/ datni &gathered from, x3 of jmaji *gathering (ear as metaphor for information |), x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information |] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is aural] /=/ kerlo (ker) *gathering (of a sail), x1 is a sail for | propelling material x2 on vehicle/motor x3 /:/ [waterwheel (= jacfanxi'u)] /=/ falnu (fan) &gathering place, x2 of jmaji *gathers (collects: agentless), x1 (mass/jo'u) |/collects at location x2 from locations x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ [also focus (= seljmaji)] /=/ jmaji (jaj) *gathers (harvests/reaps), x1 (agent) harvests/reaps/| crop/product/objects x2 from source/area x3 /:/ /=/ crepu (rep) *gay, x1 is happy/|/merry/glad/gleeful about x2 (event/state) /:/ [adversity (= kamnalgei)] /=/ gleki (gek gei) *gaze, x1 observes/[notices]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [behold/watch/| (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)] /=/ zgana (zga) *gazes, x1 looks at/examines/views/inspects/regards/watches/| at x2 /:/ [also look through (= grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"] /=/ catlu (cta) *gelatinous, x1 is a quantity of jelly/semisolid [texture] of material/composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ jduli (dul jdu) &gem, x1 of jemna *gem, x1 is a |/polished stone/pearl of type x2 from gemstone/material/source x3 /:/ [also jewel (= jmeja'i); gemstone (= x2, x3, or jmero'i, jmekunra); pearl (= selcakyjme - a | found inside a shell, tercakyjme - a | made of shell material, boijme - any ball-shaped |), mother-of-pearl (= cakyjme)] /=/ jemna (jme) *gemstone (source of a polished gem), x3 of: x1 is a gem/polished stone/pearl of type x2 from |/material/source x3 /:/ [also jewel (= jmeja'i); | (= x2, x3, or jmero'i, jmekunra); pearl (= selcakyjme - a gem found inside a shell, tercakyjme - a gem made of shell material, boijme - any ball-shaped gem), mother-of-pearl (= cakyjme)] /=/ jemna (jme) *gender (exhibited), x3 of: x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/|/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[| or role], ka[attraction to a |], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfri)] /=/ cinse (cin) *gender (| of gonads), x3 of: x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, | x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ] /=/ ganti &gender, gonad | x3 of ganti &gene, x1 of jgina &gene, thing having | x2 of jgina *gene, x1 is a | of creature [or locus on creature] x2 determining trait/process x3 /:/ [also chromosome = (gincilta, ginpoi)] /=/ jgina (gin) *general (common/universal), x1 (property - ka) is common/|/universal among members of set x2 (complete set) /:/ /=/ kampu (kau) *general (principal officer), x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); |/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) *generalized, x1 (si'o) is abstracted/|/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3 /:/ /=/ sucta (suc) *generation, x1 is cousin to x2 by bond/tie x3; [non-immediate family member, default same |] /:/ [probably preferred for metaphorical siblings (over bruna)] /=/ tamne &genetic trait, x3 of jgina &genetic, x2 of jgina *genitalia, x1 is a/the pubic area/external | [body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ plibu (pib) &genre of a journal, x2 of karni &genre of fiction, x2 of cfika &genre, x2 of skina *gentle, x1 is mild/non-extreme/|/middling/somewhat in property x2 (ka); x1 is not very x2 /:/ /=/ milxe (mli) *genus (category), x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) /:/ [also type, kind, classification, species, |, family, order, phylum] /=/ klesi (kle lei) *genus (of species/within taxonomy tree), usually x2 of: x1 is a species of | x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) &genus of species, x2 of jutsi *geometry (standard for parallelism), x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/| x4 /:/ [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra *germ cell, x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 /:/ [also |; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] /=/ tsiju (tsi) &germ species, x2 of jurme &germ, x1 of jurme *germ, x1 is a bacteria/|/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [1-celled life] of species/defining property x2 /:/ /=/ jurme (jum) &German aspect, x2 of dotco &German, x1 of dotco *German, x1 reflects |/Germanic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ dotco (dot do'o) *germane, x1 pertains to/is |/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2] /=/ srana (ra'a) *Germanic, x1 reflects German/| culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ dotco (dot do'o) &get explanation, x3 of ciksi &get, x1 of cpacu *get, x1 |-s/procures/acquires/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] /:/ [also fetch; accept a gift (= du'acpa)] /=/ cpacu (cpa) *gets bigger, x1 grows/expands [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3 /:/ [also rising, developing; x1 |/enlarges/increases] /=/ banro (ba'o) *gets, x1 takes/|/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied] /=/ lebna (leb le'a) *gets, x1 |/procures/acquires/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] /:/ [also fetch; accept a gift (= du'acpa)] /=/ cpacu (cpa) *ghostly, x1 is spiritual/pertains to the soul in nature [either energy or being]; x1 is |/ethereal /:/ [also soul (= ruxse'i)] /=/ pruxi (rux ru'i) *giant, x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, |, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) *gift (boon, something begged for), x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, |, alms] /=/ pikci *gift (something accepted), x1 gets/procures/acquires/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] /:/ [also fetch; accept a | (= du'acpa)] /=/ cpacu (cpa) *gift (something given), x1 [donor] gives/donates |/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange] /:/ [also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdu'a, po'erseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dunda (dud du'a) &gift, x2 of dunda &gift, receive | x3 of dunda *giga- (metric prefix), x1 is a billion [British milliard] [1x10**9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ gigdo (gig gi'o) @girdle, see also "ring", "belt" *girdle, x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/| around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) &girl's age, x2 of nixli &girl, x1 of nixli *girl, x1 is a | [young female person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)] /=/ nixli (nix xli) &girlhood standard, x3 of nixli &give, x1 of dunda *give, x1 [donor] |-s/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange] /:/ [also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdu'a, po'erseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dunda (dud du'a) &given, reward | x4 of cnemu *gives (accent), x1 emphasizes/accentuates/| emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3 /:/ [also: say forcefully] /=/ basna *gives (back), x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/| x2 back to x3 from x4 /:/ [x2 goes back/reverts/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)] /=/ xruti (xru) *gives (stress), x1 emphasizes/accentuates/| emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3 /:/ [also: say forcefully] /=/ basna *gives birth to, x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 /:/ [x2 bears/| x1] /=/ jbena (jbe) *gives credence, x1 believes [without objective/external evidence/proof] that belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3 /:/ [also |, has conviction] /=/ krici (kri) *gives emphasis, x1 emphasizes/accentuates/|/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3 /:/ [also: say forcefully] /=/ basna *gives favor, x1 approves of/| to plan/action x2 (object/event) /:/ /=/ zanru (zar zau) *gives nutrition, x1 is food/feed/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/| to x2 /:/ /=/ cidja (dja) *gives rise to, x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) /:/ [also: x2 | x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)] /=/ jalge (jag ja'e) *gives rise to, x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 | x2] /=/ rinka (rik ri'a) *gives way, x1 yields/|/surrenders to x2 (force/agent) under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ randa (rad) *gives, x1 [donor] |/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange] /:/ [also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdu'a, po'erseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dunda (dud du'a) *giving birth (metaphorical, of wombs), x1 is a/the womb/uterus [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: nourishing, protective, | birth] /:/ /=/ gutra &giving ridicule, person | x1 of ckasu *glad, x1 is happy/gay/merry/|/gleeful about x2 (event/state) /:/ [adversity (= kamnalgei)] /=/ gleki (gek gei) *gland (body part), x1 is a/the | [body-part] secreting x2, of body x3; x2 is a secretion of x1 /:/ [secretion (= selcigla)] /=/ cigla (cig) *gland (| excreting sweat), x3 of: x1 is a/the sweat/perspiration from body x2, excreted by |(s)/organs x3 /:/ /=/ xasne &gland, x1 of cigla &gland, sweat | x3 of xasne &gland, thing having | x3 of cigla *glass (drinking vessel), x1 is a cup/|/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3 /:/ [a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not] /=/ kabri *glass (lens), x1 is a lens/| [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to focus/foci x3 by means/material x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is optical; focussing may be optical or otherwise, hence x2 which may be light, sound, X-ray, etc., default is light/optical lens; ka is refraction] /=/ lenjo (len le'o) *glass (material), x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains | of composition including x2 /:/ /=/ blaci &glass composition, x2 of blaci &glass, x1 of blaci *gleaming, x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [also lustrous, |, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)] /=/ carmi (cam cai) *gleeful, x1 is happy/gay/merry/glad/| about x2 (event/state) /:/ [adversity (= kamnalgei)] /=/ gleki (gek gei) *glides, x1 slides/slips/| on x2 /:/ [x2 is slick/slippery to/for x1 (= selsakli for reordered places)] /=/ sakli (sal) &glimmering, x1 of murse *glimmering, x1 is the [astronomical] twilight/dawn/dusk/half-light/| of day x2 at location x3 /:/ [morning twilight, dawn (= cermurse); evening twilight, dusk (= vacmurse)] /=/ murse *globe, x1 is a ball/sphere/orb/| [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [made of x2] /:/ [also round] /=/ bolci (bol boi) &glove material, x2 of gluta &glove, x1 of gluta *glove, x1 is a mitten/| [hand and lower arm garment] of material x2 /:/ [mitten (= degycauglu)] /=/ gluta (glu) *glucose, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also sucrose, fructose, |, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (sakybasti, basysakta, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ sakta (sat) *glyph, x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 /:/ [also x1 |, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol] /=/ lerfu (ler le'u) *gnome, x1 is a fairy/elf/|/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) *goal (situation sought as a result of motive), x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volition of x3 /:/ [also; x3 is motivated to bring about result/|/objective x2 by x1 (= termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditions' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or within the x2 action level)]; (cf. te zukte - generally better for '|') /=/ mukti (muk mu'i) *goal (| of action), x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/| x3/to end x3 /:/ [also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end] /=/ zukte (zuk zu'e) *goal (| of aggression), x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with |/objective x3 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) %goal (| of an event of aggression), x1 is an aggression, an event of x2 (person/mass) attacking/invading/committing aggression upon victim x3 with |/objective x4 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) *goal (| of apparatus/machine operation), x1 operates/drives/runs x2 [apparatus/machine] with |/objective/use/end/function x3 /:/ /=/ sazri (saz) *goal (| of competition), x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4 /:/ [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a |; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; /=/ jinga (jig ji'a) %goal (| of labor event), x1 is an event of x2 [person] laboring/working on/at x3 [activity] with |/objective x4 /:/ [also: x2 is a worker/laborer] /=/ nungu'a *goal (| of labor), x1 [person] labors/works on/at x2 [activity] with |/objective x3 /:/ [also: x1 is a worker/laborer] /=/ gunka (gun gu'a) *goal (| of ritual), x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/| x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 /:/ [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs /=/ ritli (ri'i) &goal, action | x3 of zukte &goal, attack | x3 of gunta &goal, competition | x4 of jivna &goal, operating | x3 of sazri &goal, work | x3 of gunka &goat species, x2 of kanba &goat, x1 of kanba *goat, x1 is a |/angora/[billy-|/kid] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ kanba *goblin, x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/|/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) &god, x1 of cevni &god, dominion of | x3 of cevni &god, hold as | x2 of cevni *god, x1 is a/the |/deity of people(s)/religion x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is divine /:/ [also divinity] /=/ cevni (cev cei) *God, x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Muslim culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jegvo (jeg je'o) *goddamn (derogative expression), x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in form x1 /:/ [bloody (British sense), fucking, |] /=/ mabla (mal) *goes away, x1 leaves/|/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 /:/ [also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2] /=/ cliva (liv li'a) *goes away, x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3 /:/ [also leaves, |] /=/ canci *goes back, x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 from x4 /:/ [x2 |/reverts/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)] /=/ xruti (xru) *goes, x1 comes/| to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 /:/ [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ klama (kla) *goes, x1 travels/journeys/|/moves via route x2 using means/vehicle x3; x1 is a traveller /:/ (x2 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly) /=/ litru (li'u) &going origin, x3 of klama *going through the motions (of a ritual), x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 /:/ [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is '|']; x4 constraints/customs /=/ ritli (ri'i) &going, route of | x4 of klama &gold, x1 of solji *gold, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | (Au); [metaphor: valuable, heavy, non-reactive] /:/ /=/ solji (slo) @golden (metallic), see also "gold" *golden (non-metallic color), x1 is yellow/| [color adjective] /:/ /=/ pelxu (pel) &gonad gender, x3 of ganti &gonad, x1 of ganti &gonad, thing having | x2 of ganti *gonad, x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/|/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ] /=/ ganti *gong, x1 is a drum/cymbal/| [percussion musical instrument] with beater/actuator x2 /:/ /=/ damri *good (morally), x1 is virtuous/saintly/[fine/moral/nice/holy/morally |] by standard x2 /:/ [holy/saintly (= cesyvu'e)] /=/ vrude (vud vu'e) *good health, x1 is healthy/fit/well/in | health by standard x2 /:/ /=/ kanro (ka'o) &good, x1 of xamgu &good, find | x2 of xamgu *good, x1 (object/event) is |/beneficial/nice/[acceptable] for x2 by standard x3 /:/ [acceptable (= mlixau, norxau, xagyselcru)] /=/ xamgu (xag xau) &goodness standard, x3 of xamgu *goods (billed |), x2 of: x1 is an account/bill/invoice for |/services x2, billed to x3 by x4 /:/ /=/ janta (jat) *goods (lacking in |), x1 is poor/indigent/impoverished/lacking in |/possessions/property x2 /:/ x2 is scanty/meager for x1 /=/ pindi (pid) *goods (sold |), x2 of: x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [|/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) *goods (something traded), x2 or x3 of: x1 exchanges/trades/barters |/services x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for object/commodity, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics) /=/ canja (caj) *goods (taxed |, x2 of: x1 is a tax/levy/duty on |/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4 /:/ [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] /=/ cteki (tek ce'i) *goods (| as basis for wealth), x2 of: x1 is rich/wealthy in |/possessions/property/aspect x2 /:/ /=/ ricfu (rif cfu) *goods (| paid for), x4 of: x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for |/services x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) &goods, x2 of vecnu &goods, baked | x2 of toknu %goods, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u &goods/services, x4 of pleji &goose species, x2 of gunse &goose, x1 of gunse *goose, x1 is a |/[gander] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ gunse *gorgeous, x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4 /:/ [also handsome, pretty, |, cute, comely, graceful] /=/ melbi (mel mle) &got from, x3 of cpacu &gotten, x2 of cpacu &govern, x1 of turni *govern, x1 |-s/rules/is ruler/|-or/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of |-ed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); |-ment (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) &governed by ritual, x2 of ritli &governed, x2 of turni *governed, x2 of: x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of |; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *governing (of a state/polity over territory/domain), x1 is a polity/state | territory/domain x2; [government/territory relationship] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is civil/political] /=/ jecta (jec je'a) *governing board, x1 (mass) is a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3 /:/ [| (= trukamni, gritrukamni)] /=/ kamni *government (governing organization), x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); | (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *government (state/polity), x1 is a polity/state governing territory/domain x2; [|/territory relationship] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is civil/political] /=/ jecta (jec je'a) *governor, x1 governs/rules/is ruler/|/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *governs, x1 |/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *gown, x1 is a robe/tunic/|/cloak/dress/[coveralls] [a long/full body garment] of material x2 /:/ [also coveralls (= paspalku)] /=/ pastu (pas) *graceful, x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4 /:/ [also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, |] /=/ melbi (mel mle) *grad (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 [magnitude] is a unit/degree of/on scale/reference standard x2 (si'o) measuring property x3 /:/ [also grade, level, point; x3 dimension] /=/ gradu (rau) *grade (level on a scale), x1 [magnitude] is a unit/degree of/on scale/reference standard x2 (si'o) measuring property x3 /:/ [also |, level, point; x3 dimension] /=/ gradu (rau) *grain (brewed without fermentation), x2 of: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/| x2 /:/ [brew based on a seed/bean/| without fermentation; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum] /=/ ckafi (kaf) *grain (general term), x1 is |/[British: corn]/cereal from plant/species x2 /:/ /=/ gurni (gru) &grain in bread, x2 of nanba *grain mill, x1 is a mill/foundry/industrial plant/[assembly line] performing process x2 /:/ [(unlike fanri,) need not produce a product; | (= grumlo), grinding mill (= zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca'a)] /=/ molki (mlo) &grain species, x2 of gurni &grain, x1 of gurni *grain, x1 is a quantity of barley [|] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ bavmi *grain, x1 is a quantity of maize/corn [|] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ zumri (zmu) *grain, x1 is a quantity of millet [|] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ cunmi *grain, x1 is a quantity of oats [|] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ mavji (mav) *grain, x1 is a quantity of rice [a type of |] of strain/cultivar x2 /:/ /=/ rismi (ris) *grain, x1 is a quantity of rye [|] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ mraji *grain, x1 is a quantity of soya [|/bean] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ sobde (sob so'e) *grain, x1 is a quantity of wheat [|] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ maxri (xri) *grains (| used in bread), x2 of: x1 is a quantity of/contains bread [leavened or unleavened] made from | x2 /:/ /=/ nanba (nab) *grainy, x1 is rough/coarse/uneven/[|/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity /:/ [fine-textured (= tolrufsu)] /=/ rufsu (ruf) &gram standard, x3 of grake &gram, x1 of grake *gram, x1 is x2 |(s) [metric unit] in mass (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ grake (gra) &grammar language, x2 of gerna *grammar unit, x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/focus] in language x3 /:/ [| (= jufpau, suzrelvla, suzvla for linguistics sense, which may be a single word), terminal phrase/| (= gensle)] /=/ jufra (juf ju'a) &grammar, x1 of gerna *grammar, x1 is the |/rules/defining form of language x2 for structure/text x3 /:/ /=/ gerna (gen ge'a) *grammatical class, x1 is a structure word of | x2, with meaning/function x3 in language x4 /:/ [cmavo list, if physical object (= (loi) ma'oste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new cmavo to the cmavo list = ma'orpoi, ma'orselcmi,ma'orselste)] /=/ cmavo (ma'o) &grammatical, x3 of gerna &grams, number of | x2 of grake *grand, x1 is great/| in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) *grandiose, x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, |, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) *grange, x1 is a farm/ranch/| at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian /:/ [farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops] /=/ cange (cag) *grants (gives a gift), x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange] /:/ [also |; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdu'a, po'erseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dunda (dud du'a) *grants (| privelege), x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 | privilege x2 /:/ [sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits a situation (= tcinycru)] /=/ curmi (cru) *grapes (as a source of wine), x2 of: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of wine from fruit/| x2 /:/ /=/ vanju (van) &grapes, wine | x2 of vanju *graphite, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of carbon/|/[diamond]/charcoal; x1 is organic /:/ /=/ tabno (tab) &grasp, x1 of jgari *grasp, x1 |-s/holds/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2) /:/ [hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)] /=/ jgari (jai) &grasped with tongs, thing | x3 of cinza &grasped, x2 of jgari &grasped, place | x4 of jgari &grasping appendage, x3 of jgari *grasps, x1 |/holds/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2) /:/ [hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)] /=/ jgari (jai) &grass species, x2 of srasu &grass, x1 of srasu *grass, x1 is a blade/expanse of | of species x2 /:/ [lawn/meadow (= sasfoi)] /=/ srasu (sas) *grasshopper, x1 is a cockroach/[orthopteran/termite] of order/species/breed x2 /:/ [also | (= pi'erjalra); cricket (= snajalra); locust, termite (= mantyjalra or mudyctijalra)]; (while cockroaches are an order unto themselves, they are part of Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, crickets, etc; termites are a closely-related non-Orthoptera, more akin to cockroaches than to e.g. ants) /=/ jalra &grateful, x1 of ckire *grateful, x1 is |/thankful to/appreciative of x2 for x3 (event/property) /:/ [also gratitude (= nunckire or kamckire)] /=/ ckire (kir) &gratitude, object of | x3 of ckire *gratitude, x1 is grateful/thankful to/appreciative of x2 for x3 (event/property) /:/ [also | (= nunckire or kamckire)] /=/ ckire (kir) *gravity (attractive force of matter), x1 pulls/tugs/draws/drags x2 by handle/at locus x3 /:/ [| (= ka maicpu, mairckupai)] /=/ lacpu (lap cpu) *gravity (characteristic of someone serious), x1 (person) is serious/earnest/has | about x2 (event/state/activity) /:/ [also solemn (= drijunri, ri'irjunri, tcejunri)] /=/ junri (jur) *gravity (field causing weight), x3 of: x1 is the weight of object x2 in [| or other force] field x3 /:/ /=/ junta *gravity (force causing draining), x1 liquid/fluid drains/strains/flushes from source x2 through drain/strainer x3 by force x4 /:/ [x4 is usually |] /=/ rinci *gravity (reference frame for horizontal), x2 of: x1 is flat/level/horizontal in |/frame of reference x2 /:/ /=/ pinta (pin) *gravity (reference frame for lying upon), x3 of: x1 is atop/resting on/lying on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/| x3 /:/ (x1 may be object or event) /=/ cpana *gravity (reference frame for upwardness), x3 of: x1 is directly/vertically above/upwards-from x2 in |/frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ gapru (gap) *gravity (reference frame for vertical), x2 of: x1 is vertical/upright/erect/plumb/oriented straight up and down in reference frame/| x2 /:/ /=/ sraji (raj) &gravity causing weight, x3 of junta &gravity lifted in, x4 of lafti *gravity well (| causing fall), x4 of: x1 falls/drops to x2 from x3 in |/frame of reference x4 /:/ [note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or tide as well as |; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] /=/ farlu (fal fa'u) *gravity well (| opposing lift), x4 of: x1 (force) lifts/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in | x4 /:/ [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] /=/ lafti (laf) *gravy, x1 is a sauce/topping/|/frosting for use with x2, containing ingredient(s) including x3 /:/ [x3 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of sauce x1] /=/ sanso &gray, x1 of grusi *gray, x1 is | [color adjective] /:/ /=/ grusi (rus) &grease source, x2 of grasu &grease, x1 of grasu *grease, x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains |/fat/oil from source x2 /:/ /=/ grasu (ras) @great cat, see also "lion" *great cat, x1 is a tiger/leopard/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with coat markings x3 /:/ [a | noted/recognized by its markings, metaphorically: stripes, tiger markings] /=/ tirxu &great thing, x1 of banli *great, x1 is |/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) *greatness (subjective), x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective |, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) &greatness property, x2 of banli &greatness standard, x3 of banli &Greek aspect, x2 of xelso &Greek, x1 of xelso *Greek, x1 reflects |/Hellenic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ xelso (xes) &green, x1 of crino *green, x1 is |/verdant [color adjective] /:/ /=/ crino (ri'o) *greenery, x1 is a plant/herb/| of species/strain/cultivar x2 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is vegetable/vegetal/vegetative] /=/ spati (spa) *greenish-blue, x1 is cyan/turquoise/| [color adjective] /:/ /=/ cicna &greet, x1 of rinsa *greet, x1 (agent) |-s/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 (action) /:/ /=/ rinsa &greeted, x2 of rinsa &greeting, x3 of rinsa *greets, x1 (agent) |/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 (action) /:/ /=/ rinsa *griddle, x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/|] of contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable] /=/ palne *grief (feels |), x1 is sad/depressed/dejected/[unhappy/feels sorrow/|] about x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ badri (dri) *grimaces, x1 frowns/| (facial expression) /:/ [x1 frowns/| at/in reaction to x2 (= frufra)] /=/ frumu (fru) *grin, x1 smiles/grins (facial expression) /:/ [smile/| at something (= cismyfra)] /=/ cisma &grind, x1 of zalvi *grind, x1 [individual or mass of hard surfaces] |-s/pulverizes/crushes x2 into powder x3 /:/ [may need mosra tanru] /=/ zalvi (zal) *grinding mill, x1 is a mill/foundry/industrial plant/[assembly line] performing process x2 /:/ [(unlike fanri,) need not produce a product; grain mill (= grumlo), | (= zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca'a)] /=/ molki (mlo) *grinds, x1 [individual or mass of hard surfaces] |/pulverizes/crushes x2 into powder x3 /:/ [may need mosra tanru] /=/ zalvi (zal) *grins, x1 smiles/| (facial expression) /:/ [smile/grin at something (= cismyfra)] /=/ cisma *grip, x1 grasps/holds/clutches/seizes/|-s/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2) /:/ [hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)] /=/ jgari (jai) *grips, x1 grasps/holds/clutches/seizes/|/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2) /:/ [hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)] /=/ jgari (jai) *gristle, x1 is a/the bone/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium] /:/ [x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le ); cartilage/| (= ranbo'u), skeleton (= bo'urgreku)] /=/ bongu (bog bo'u) *grit, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sand/| from source x2 of composition including x3 /:/ [also abrasive (= gukcanre)] /=/ canre (can) &gritty, x2 of canre *groan, x1 utters moan/|/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) &groove, x1 of skuro *groove, x1 is a |/trench/furrow [shape/form] in object/surface x2 /:/ /=/ skuro (ku'o) &grooved, x2 of skuro *ground (bottom surface, x1 is a floor/bottom/| of x2 /:/ [floor/level/story of a building/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)] /=/ loldi (lol loi) *ground (soil), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of dirt/soil/earth/| from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also: x1 is earthen; x3: composition including x3, which need not be exhaustive of composition] /=/ dertu (der de'u) &ground powder, x3 of zalvi &ground, x2 of zalvi *grounds (basis for an opinion), x4 of: x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on | x4 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jinvi (jiv ji'i) &grounds for opinion, x4 of jinvi &grounds, x3 of zalvi *group (cluster/team), x1 is |/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 /:/ [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise | x1; cluster (= kangri)] /=/ girzu (gir gri) *group (ethnic |), x1 is a nation/ethnic | of peoples x2; [people sharing a history/culture] /:/ /=/ natmi (nat nai) *group (set with members), x2 of: x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to | x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst | x2 /:/ [x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership] /=/ cmima (mim cmi) *group (| holding sacred), x2 of: x1 is holy/sacred to person/people/culture/religion/cult/| x2 /:/ /=/ censa (ces) *group (| served by army), x2 of: x1 (mass) is an army serving |/community x2 (mass) in function x3 (activity) /:/ /=/ jenmi (jem jei) &group property, x2 of girzu &group relation, x4 of girzu &group superset, x3 of girzu &group, x1 of girzu *grow, x1 |-s/expands [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3 /:/ [also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increases] /=/ banro (ba'o) *growing (of cultivation), x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 | plants/crop x3 /:/ [orchard (= ricpurdi)] /=/ purdi (pud) *growing on (of mold/fungus), x1 is a mold/fungus/mushrooms/truffles of species/strain x2 parasitic/| x3 /:/ /=/ mledi (led) *growing on (of moss/lichen), x1 is a moss/lichen of species/strain x2 | x3 /:/ /=/ clika &growing thing, x1 of banro &growing, thing before | x3 of banro *grown (fully-|), x1 is mature/ripe/fully-|/adult in development-quality x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ makcu (ma'u) &grown from, x3 of banro &grown in garden, x3 of purdi &grown, x2 of banro &grows, x2 of ferti *grows, x1 |/expands [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3 /:/ [also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increases] /=/ banro (ba'o) &growth, result of | x2 of banro *guard, x1 observes/[notices]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [behold/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); |/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)] /=/ zgana (zga) &guess [n], x2 of smadi &guess subject, x3 of smadi &guess, x1 of smadi *guess, x1 |-es/conjectures/surmises x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [also: x1 has a hunch that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is true; words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ smadi &guessed, x2 of smadi *guesses, x1 |/conjectures/surmises x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [also: x1 has a hunch that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is true; words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ smadi &guest place, x3 of vitke &guest, x1 of vitke &guest, thing having | x2 of vitke *guest, x1 is a |/visitor of x2 at place/event x3; x1 visits x2/x3 /:/ /=/ vitke (vi'e) &guide, x1 of gidva *guide, x1 (person/object/event) |-s/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a | by setting a pattern/example to be emulated] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) &guided activity, x3 of gidva &guided, x2 of gidva *guides, x1 (person/object/event) |/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) *guiding, x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a | person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) *guilt (feels |), x1 feels |/remorse about x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ zungi (zug) &guilt, x1 of zungi &guilt, object of | x2 of zungi &guilt-inducing, x2 of zungi @guilty (plea in response to accusation), consider metaphor "guilt-agree" (= zugytu'i) &guitar, x1 of jgita *guitar, x1 is |/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 /:/ [also lute, viola, cello] /=/ jgita (git) *gulf, x1 is a sea/ocean/|/[atmosphere] of planet x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine /:/ [also atmosphere (= varxamsi, varsenta)] /=/ xamsi (xas) *gullet, x1 is a/the throat/| [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: narrow(ing) opening of a deep hole] /:/ /=/ galxe &gullible, x2 of tcica &gullible, x2 of xlura *gulps, x1 |/swallows /:/ [x1 swallows down [food/drink] x2 (= tulpinxe, tulcti, ctitu'o (the latter two are more general - for food or beverage); swallow/engulf (= galxycti, galxynerbi'o, galxygre] /=/ tunlo (tul tu'o) *gummy, x1 adheres/sticks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is sticky/|/adhesive /:/ [note that x1 is the adhering surface being claimed; x2 need not be sticky] /=/ snipa (nip) *gun (firing apparatus for projectile), x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [|/propelling launcher] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) *gun (launcher), x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] /:/ [also: x1 is a |/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) *gun (weapon), x1 is a weapon/arms for use against x2 by x3 /:/ [|/cannon (= celxa'i)] /=/ xarci (xac xa'i) &gun, x2 of danti &gut, x1 of canti &gut, thing having | x2 of canti *gut, x1 is a/the |(s)/entrails/intestines/viscera/innards/digestive system [body-part] of x2 /:/ [metaphor: process hub] /=/ canti *Guyana, x1 reflects Hispano-American culture/nationalities in aspect x2 /:/ [refers to Spanish-speaking Latin-American countries, not Brazil/|] /=/ xispo (xip) &gymnast, x1 of zajba *gymnast, x1 is a | at/performs gymnastics feat x2 /:/ /=/ zajba (zaj) &gymnastic feat, x2 of zajba *gymnastics (| feat), x2 of: x1 is a gymnast at/performs | feat x2 /:/ /=/ zajba (zaj) *habit, x1 is a custom/|/[ritual/rut] of x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also: x1 is customary/usual/the practice] /=/ tcaci (cac) &habitat, x2 of xabju *habitat, x2 of: x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/|/nest/home/abode x2 /:/ /=/ xabju (xa'u) &hail material, x2 of bratu &hail, x1 of bratu *hail, x1 is |/sleet/freezing rain/solid precipitation of material/composition including x2 /:/ [this is the substance, not the act or manner of its falling, which is carvi] /=/ bratu *hails (greets), x1 (agent) greets/|/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 (action) /:/ /=/ rinsa &hair location, x3 of kerfa &hair, x1 of kerfa &hair, thing having | x2 of kerfa *hair, x1 is a quantity of/made from/consists of wool [tight curly |] from animal/species/source x2 /:/ /=/ sunla (sul) *hair, x1 is a/the |/fur [body-part] of x2 at body location x3 /:/ /=/ kerfa (kre) &haired, x2 of kerfa &hairy, x2 of kerfa &half, x1 of xadba *half, x1 is exactly/approximately |/semi-/demi-/hemi- of x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ xadba (xab) *half-light, x1 is the [astronomical] twilight/dawn/dusk/|/glimmering of day x2 at location x3 /:/ [morning twilight, dawn (= cermurse); evening twilight, dusk (= vacmurse)] /=/ murse &halfness standard, x3 of xadba &halogen type, x2 of kliru &halogen, x1 of kliru *halogen, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | of type x2 [chlorine, fluorine, iodine, etc.] /:/ [also bromine; default chlorine] /=/ kliru *halts (ceases), x1 [agent] ceases/stops/| activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing it] /:/ /=/ sisti (sti) *halts (interrupts), x1 (event) interrupts/stops/|/[disrupts]/disturbs x2 (object/event/process) due to quality x3 /:/ /=/ dicra (dir) *halts (terminates), x2 of: x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] /:/ [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/| at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)] /=/ fanmo (fam fa'o) &halved, x2 of xadba *ham, x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[boar] [pork/|/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2 /:/ [sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)] /=/ xarju (xaj) &hammer, x1 of mruli &hammer, propel | x4 of mruli *hammer, x1 [tool] is a | for/hammers x2 [target] consisting of weight/head x3 propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ mruli (mru) &hammered, x2 of mruli &hammerhead, x3 of mruli *hammers, x1 [tool] is a hammer for/| x2 [target] consisting of weight/head x3 propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ mruli (mru) *hand (with thumb), x1 is a/the thumb/big toe [body-part] on | x2 of x3; [metaphor based on relative shape] /:/ [thumb (specifically the hand = xantamji), big toe (= jmatamji)] /=/ tamji (taj) &hand, x1 of xance &hand, thing having | x2 of xance *hand, x1 is a mitten/glove [| and lower arm garment] of material x2 /:/ [mitten (= degycauglu)] /=/ gluta (glu) *hand, x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: manipulating tool, waldo] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is manual] /=/ xance (xan xa'e) *handle (grasping point), x4 of: x1 grasps/holds/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus/| x4 (part of x2) /:/ [hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), | (= veljai, veljaitci)] /=/ jgari (jai) *handle (knob), x1 is a button/knob/[|] on/for item x2, with purpose x3, made of material x4 /:/ /=/ batke *handle (locus of pulling), x2 of: x1 pulls/tugs/draws/drags x2 by |/at locus x3 /:/ [gravity (= ka maicpu, mairckupai)] /=/ lacpu (lap cpu) &handle, x3 of lacpu *handshake, x1 grasps/holds/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2) /:/ [hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); | (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)] /=/ jgari (jai) *handsome, x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4 /:/ [also |, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful] /=/ melbi (mel mle) &hang, x1 of dandu *hang, x1 |-s/dangles/is suspended from x2 by/at/with joint x3 /:/ [pendant (= dadja'i); also dependent (original meaning)] /=/ dandu (dad) *hangs, x1 |/dangles/is suspended from x2 by/at/with joint x3 /:/ [pendant (= dadja'i); also dependent (original meaning)] /=/ dandu (dad) *happen, x1 (event) is an event that |-s/occurs/takes place; x1 is an incident/|-ing/occurrence /:/ /=/ fasnu (fau) &happening, x2 of lifri *happening, x1 (event) is an event that happens/occurs/takes place; x1 is an incident/|/occurrence /:/ /=/ fasnu (fau) *happens (of a repeated event type), x2 of: x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 | again in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) *happens (of an event), x1 (event) is an event that |/occurs/takes place; x1 is an incident/happening/occurrence /:/ /=/ fasnu (fau) *happens to, x2 of: x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 | x1 /:/ [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 and x2 are empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)] /=/ lifri (lif fri) &happiness, object of | x2 of gleki &happy, x1 of gleki *happy, x1 is |/gay/merry/glad/gleeful about x2 (event/state) /:/ [adversity (= kamnalgei)] /=/ gleki (gek gei) *harbor, x1 is a shelter/haven/refuge/retreat/| for/protecting x2 from danger/threat x3 /:/ /=/ marbi (mra) *hard (covering), x1 is a shell/husk [|, protective covering] around x2 composed of x3 /:/ /=/ calku (cak) *hard (difficult), x1 is difficult/|/challenging for x2 under conditions x3; x1 challenges (non-agentive) x2 /:/ /=/ nandu (nad) *hard (inflexible), x1 is stiff/rigid/inflexible/resistant in direction x2 against force x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also sometimes: firm, |; not limited to physical forces; e.g. mental rigidity] /=/ tinsa *hard (surface which grinds), x1 [individual or mass of | surfaces] grinds/pulverizes/crushes x2 into powder x3 /:/ [may need mosra tanru] /=/ zalvi (zal) *hard (unyielding), x1 is firm/|/resistant/unyielding to force x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ jdari (jar) *hard metal, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of zinc (Zn); [metaphor: |] /:/ /=/ zinki (zin zi'i) *hard-shelled, x1 is a nut [body-part: | fruit] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and kernel x4 /:/ [also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)] /=/ narge (nag) *hare, x1 is a rabbit/|/[doe] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ ractu &harmed, x2 of xlali *harmful (perilous, potentially |), x1 is perilous/dangerous/potentially | to x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ ckape (cap) &harmonious, x1 of sarxe *harmonious, x1 is |/concordant/in agreement/concord with x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ sarxe (sax) *harmonize, x1 sings/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3 /:/ [melody (= sa'azgi, ralsa'azgi), harmony (= saxsa'azgi), |/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)] /=/ sanga (sag sa'a) &harmonized with, x2 of sarxe *harmony (of singing), x1 sings/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3 /:/ [melody (= sa'azgi, ralsa'azgi), | (= saxsa'azgi), harmonize/sing | (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)] /=/ sanga (sag sa'a) &harmony property, x3 of sarxe *harms, x1 (event) injures/|/damages victim x2 in property x3 (ka) resulting in injury x4 (state) /:/ /=/ xrani (xai) *harnesses, x1 has control over/|/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance) /:/ [x2 are aspects/individuals controlled within activity/event x3; manage (= selzu'etro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)] /=/ jitro (tro) *harp, x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/| [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 /:/ [also lute, viola, cello] /=/ jgita (git) *harpsichord, x1 is a piano/|/synthesizer/organ; a keyboard musical instrument /:/ /=/ pipno (pi'o) *harsh, x1 (event/action/state) is severe/| to x2 [victim/experiencer] /:/ /=/ jursa (jus) *hart, x1 is a deer/elk/moose/[|/stag/doe] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ mirli *harvest (| season), x1 is autumn/fall [|/cooling season] of year x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ critu *harvest, x1 (agent) |-s/reaps/gathers crop/product/objects x2 from source/area x3 /:/ /=/ crepu (rep) &harvested from, x3 of crepu &harvested, x2 of crepu *harvests (reaps), x1 (agent) |/reaps/gathers crop/product/objects x2 from source/area x3 /:/ /=/ crepu (rep) &harvests, x1 of crepu &has been ruined, something that | x2 of daspo *hastes, x1 is fast/swift/quick/|/rapid at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ sutra (sut) *hat, x1 is a cap/|/crown/helmet/piece of headgear [head-top garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ mapku (map) &hate, x1 of xebni *hate, x1 hates/despises x2 (object/abstraction); x1 is full of | for x2; x2 is odious to x1 /:/ [x1 is hateful (one sense); x2 is hateful (different sense)] /=/ xebni (xen xei) &hated, x2 of xebni &hateful, x2 of xebni *hateful, x2 of: x1 hates/despises x2 (object/abstraction); x1 is full of hate for x2; x2 is odious to x1 /:/ [x1 is | (one sense); x2 is | (different sense)] /=/ xebni (xen xei) *hates, x1 |/despises x2 (object/abstraction); x1 is full of hate for x2; x2 is odious to x1 /:/ [x1 is hateful (one sense); x2 is hateful (different sense)] /=/ xebni (xen xei) *hauls, x1 carries/|/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) *have (an opinion), x1 has opinion x2 about subject x3; x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically | a du'u place] /=/ jinvi (jiv ji'i) *have (apparent properties), x1 seems/appears to | property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)] /=/ simlu (mlu) @have (property), see "characterized", Lojban "ckaji" *have (| an experience), x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 /:/ [also has/| (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 and x2 are empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)] /=/ lifri (lif fri) &have in between, x2 of jbini *have pride, x1 (person) | in/about x2 (abstraction) /:/ [an emotional combination of satisfaction and respect/esteem towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specific tie to emoter; | self (= se'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu'a for pride in non-specific actions/properties of someone] /=/ jgira (jgi) &have result, x2 of jalge @have, see also "has", "hold", "keep", "possess", "related", "relevant" *haven, x1 is a shelter/|/refuge/retreat/harbor for/protecting x2 from danger/threat x3 /:/ /=/ marbi (mra) &having .01 part, thing | x2 of centi &having .1 part, thing | x2 of decti &having 1E-15 part, thing | x2 of femti &having 1E-24 part, thing | x2 of gocti &having 1E-6 part, thing | x2 of mikri &having 1E-9 part, thing | x2 of nanvi &having abdomen, thing | x2 of betfu &having above, thing | x2 of gapru &having access, thing | x3 of kalri &having address, thing | x2 of judri &having adjacent, thing | x2 of lamji &having afar, thing | x2 of darno &having affix, thing | x2 of rafsi &having ancestor, thing | x2 of dzena &having anus, thing | x2 of ganxo &having arm, thing | x2 of birka &having army, thing | x2 of jenmi &having as less, thing | x2 of mleca &having as opposite, thing | x2 of dukti &having as principal, thing | x2 of ralju &having as same, thing | x2 of mintu &having at middle, thing | x2 of midju &having aunt or uncle, thing | x2 of famti &having basis, thing | x2 of jicmu &having behind, thing | x2 of trixe &having blood, thing | x2 of ciblu &having body, thing | x2 of xadni &having bone, thing | x3 of bongu &having brain, thing | x2 of besna &having branch, thing | x2 of jimca &having breast, thing | x2 of tatru &having brother, thing | x2 of bruna &having brow, thing | x2 of mebri &having buttock, thing | x2 of zargu &having button, thing | x2 of batke &having cavity, thing | x2 of kevna &having cell, thing | x2 of selci &having chest, thing | x2 of cutne &having claw, thing | x2 of jgalu &having collar, thing | x2 of karli &having committee, thing | x3 of kamni &having corner, thing | x2 of kojna &having cousin, thing | x2 of tamne &having crust, thing | x2 of pilka &having culture, thing | x2 of kulnu &having deputy, thing | x3 of vipsi &having dimension, thing | x2 of cimde &having ear, thing | x2 of kerlo &having enemy, thing | x2 of bradi &having environment, thing | x2 of vanbi &having eye, thing | x2 of kanla &having face, thing | x2 of flira &having fate, thing | x2 of dimna &having finger, thing | x3 of degji &having flag, thing | x2 of lanci &having floor, thing | x2 of loldi &having flow, thing | x2 of flecu &having foot, thing | x2 of jamfu &having frame, thing | x2 of greku &having garden, thing | x2 of purdi &having gene, thing | x2 of jgina &having gland, thing | x3 of cigla &having gonad, thing | x2 of ganti &having guest, thing | x2 of vitke &having gut, thing | x2 of canti &having hair, thing | x2 of kerfa &having hand, thing | x2 of xance &having head, thing | x2 of stedu &having heart, thing | x2 of risna &having history, thing | x2 of citri &having horn, thing | x2 of jirna &having idea, thing | x3 of sidbo &having in front, thing | x2 of crane &having in its future, thing | x2 of balvi &having in its past, thing | x2 of purci &having innately, thing | x2 of jinzi &having inside, thing | x2 of nenri &having jaw, thing | x2 of xedja &having job, thing | x2 of jibri &having knee, thing | x3 of cidni &having lake, thing | x2 of lalxu &having leg, thing | x2 of tuple &having lip, thing | x3 of ctebi &having liver, thing | x2 of livga &having loose covering, thing | x2 of kluza &having luck, thing | x2 of funca &having lung, thing | x2 of fepri &having meaning, thing | x2 of smuni &having mind, thing | x2 of menli &having morals, thing | x2 of marde &having moss, thing | x3 of clika &having motive, thing | x3 of mukti &having mountain, thing | x2 of cmana &having mouth, thing | x2 of moklu *having moving parts, x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), | a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) &having near, thing | x2 of jibni &having neck, thing | x2 of cnebo &having nerve, thing | x2 of nirna &having nose, thing | x2 of nazbi &having on top, thing | x2 of cpana &having organ, thing | x2 of rango &having outside, thing | x2 of bartu &having page, thing | x2 of papri &having passport, thing | x2 of jaspu &having pedestal, thing | x2 of zbepi &having pelt, thing | x2 of skapi &having penis, thing | x2 of pinji &having piece, thing | x2 of spisa &having pocket, thing | x2 of daski &having problem, thing | x2 of nabmi &having pubes, thing | x2 of plibu &having rail, thing | x2 of garna &having roof, thing | x2 of drudi &having root, thing | x2 of genja &having rule, thing | x3 of javni &having shadow, thing | x2 of ctino &having shell, thing | x2 of calku &having shoal, thing | x3 of jmifa &having shoulder, thing | x3 of janco &having sibling, thing | x2 of tunba &having sister, thing | x2 of mensi &having snugly, thing | x2 of tagji &having source, thing | x2 of krasi &having stage, thing | x2 of tsina &having stalk, thing | x2 of stani &having surface, thing | x2 of sefta &having throat, thing | x2 of galxe &having thumb, thing | x3 of tamji &having ticket, thing | x2 of pikta &having tip, thing | x2 of jipno &having to north, thing | x2 of berti &having to the east, thing | x2 of stuna &having to the left, thing | x2 of zunle &having to the right, thing | x2 of pritu &having to the side, thing | x2 of mlana &having to the south, thing | x2 of snanu &having to the west, thing | x2 of stici &having tongue, thing | x2 of tance &having tooth, thing | x2 of denci &having trouble, thing | x2 of nandu &having underneath, thing | x2 of cnita &having vagina, thing | x2 of vibna *having value, x1 is a coin/token/is specie issued by x2 | value x3 of composition including x4 /:/ /=/ sicni (si'i) &having voice, thing | x2 of voksa &having vulva, thing | x2 of vlagi &having weight, thing | x2 of junta &having window, thing | x2 of canko &having womb, thing | x2 of gutra *hazard (shallow water |), x1 is a shoal [shallow |]/reef of material x2 in body of water x3 /:/ [rapids (= ri'erjmifa, ri'ercaxno)] /=/ jmifa *he, x1 is a |/male/buck of species x2 evidencing masculine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is masculine /:/ /=/ nakni (nak) *he, x1/| is a man/men/|; x1 is a male humanoid person [not necessarily |] /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)] /=/ nanmu (nau) *head (hammer), x1 [tool] is a hammer for/hammers x2 [target] consisting of weight/| x3 propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ mruli (mru) &head, x1 of stedu &head, thing having | x2 of stedu *head, x1 is a/the brow/forehead [projecting flat/smooth |/body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ mebri (meb) *head, x1 is a/the face [|/body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is facial /:/ /=/ flira (fir) *head, x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: uppermost portion] /:/ [skull (= sedbo'u)] /=/ stedu (sed) *head-top (garment), x1 is a cap/hat/crown/helmet/piece of headgear [| garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ mapku (map) &headed by, x2 of ralju *headgear, x1 is a cap/hat/crown/helmet/piece of | [head-top garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ mapku (map) *health (good |), x1 is healthy/fit/well/in good | by standard x2 /:/ /=/ kanro (ka'o) &health standard, x2 of kanro &healthy, x1 of kanro *healthy, x1 is |/fit/well/in good health by standard x2 /:/ /=/ kanro (ka'o) *heap (containment of a supply), x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 /:/ [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a |. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2] /=/ sorcu (soc sro) &heap location, x3 of derxi &heap, x1 of derxi &heap, material that is in a | x2 of derxi *heap, x1 is a |/pile/stack/mound/hill of materials x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ derxi (dre) &hear song, x3 of sanga &hear story, x4 of lisri &hear, x1 of tirna *hear, x1 |-s x2 against background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural /:/ /=/ tirna (tin) &heard against, noise | x3 of tirna &heard, x2 of tirna *hears, x1 | x2 against background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural /:/ /=/ tirna (tin) &heart, x1 of risna &heart, thing having | x2 of risna *heart, x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2; [emotional/shape metaphors are NOT culturally neutral] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is cardiac; emotional 'heart' (= cnise'i)] /=/ risna *heat (method of cooking), x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process) /:/ [cook with | (= glajukpa, glaterjukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)] /=/ jukpa (jup) *heating (of an oven), x1 is an oven [enclosure that heats its contents] for baking/|/drying x2 /:/ /=/ toknu (tok) *heats (of an oven), x1 is an oven [enclosure that | its contents] for baking/heating/drying x2 /:/ /=/ toknu (tok) *heavens, x1 is an expanse of sky/the | at place x2; [celestial] /:/ /=/ tsani (tan) &heaviness standard, x2 of tilju *heavy (gold as metaphor for |), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of gold (Au); [metaphor: valuable, |, non-reactive] /:/ /=/ solji (slo) *heavy (lead as metaphor for |), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of lead (Pb); [metaphor: |, malleable, soft metal] /:/ /=/ cnisa (nis) *heavy (weighty), x1 is |/weighty in mass/weight by standard x2 /:/ /=/ tilju (tij) &heavy, x1 of tilju *Hebrew (referring to Hebrew in a Semitic language/cultural context), x1 reflects Semitic [metaphor: Middle-Eastern] language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ [Semitic includes Arabic, |, Aramaic, and Ethiopian, among others] /=/ semto (sme) *Hebrew (referring to Judaism or Israeli culture), x1 reflects |/Jewish/Israeli culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ xebro (xeb bro) &Hebrew aspect, x2 of xebro &Hebrew, x1 of xebro &heeded, x2 of jundi *heeds (obeys), x1 obeys/| the command/rule x2 made by x3; (adjective:) x1 is obedient /:/ /=/ tinbe (tib) *heeds (pays attention to), x1 is attentive towards/attends/|/pays attention to object/affair x2 /:/ /=/ jundi (jud ju'i) *height (| reached in jump), x4 of: x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching | x4 propelled by x5 /:/ [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression] /=/ plipe (pip pi'e) &height reference, x2 of galtu &height standard, x3 of galtu &height, leap | x4 of plipe &heir, x1 of cerda *heir, x1 is an | to/is to inherit x2 (object/quality) from x3 according to rule x4 /:/ [pedantically, inheriting an object should be a sumti-raising (tu'a if non-abstract in x2) of inheriting loka ponse the object - the ownership of the object (= po'ercerda, po'erselcerda for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cerda (ced) *held (captive), x1 is a prisoner/captive of x2, restrained/|/confined by means/force x3 /:/ /=/ pinfu (pif) *held (restrained), x1 is restrained/| [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) &held as holy, thing | x2 of censa *held together, x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, | by x3 /:/ /=/ bakfu (baf) &held, x2 of jgari &helix, x1 of sarlu *helix, x1 is a spiral/|/whorl/[vortex] [shape/form] with limits x2, of dimensionality x3 /:/ /=/ sarlu *Hellas (Greek word for 'Greece'), x1 reflects Greek/Hellenic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ xelso (xes) *Hellenic, x1 reflects Greek/| culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ xelso (xes) *hello, x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says | to]/responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 (action) /:/ /=/ rinsa *helmet, x1 is a cap/hat/crown/|/piece of headgear [head-top garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ mapku (map) &help, x1 of sidju *help, x1 |-s/assists/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3 /:/ /=/ sidju (dju) &helped to do, x3 of sidju &helped, x2 of sidju &helper, x1 of sidju *helpless (of an infant), x1 is an infant/baby [| through youth/incomplete development] of species x2 /:/ [also infantile] /=/ cifnu (cif) *helps (assists), x1 |/assists/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3 /:/ /=/ sidju (dju) *helps (supports), x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[|] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 /:/ [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)] /=/ sarji (sra) *hemi-, x1 is exactly/approximately half/semi-/demi-/| of x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ xadba (xab) &hemp species, x2 of marna &hemp, x1 of marna *hemp, x1 is a quantity of |/marijuana/jute of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ marna *hen, x1 is a chicken/[|/cock/rooster]/small fowl [a type of bird] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jipci *herb (plant), x1 is a plant/|/greenery of species/strain/cultivar x2 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is vegetable/vegetal/vegetative] /=/ spati (spa) *herb (symbolic), x1 is a lotus, plant/flower/| of species/strain x2 symbolizing x3 to culture/religion x4 /:/ /=/ latna *here at (attending), x1 (object/event) is at/attending/| x2 (event/location) /:/ [refers to a nonce location for an object/activity that is mobile] /=/ zvati (zva) &hereditary, x2 of jgina *heresy, x1 (event/state) is a punishable crime/[taboo/sin] to people/culture/judges/jury x2 /:/ [taboo (= kluzei, cacyzei); sin (= madzei, jdamadzei); | (= jdazei)] /=/ zekri (zer zei) *hidden (private), x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/| /:/ [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)] /=/ sivni (siv) *hidden (secret), x2 of: x1 keeps x2 secret/| from x3 by method x4; x2 is a secret; x1 hides/conceals x2 /:/ [intransitive |/secret, without an agent (= selcri or nalterju'o); secret (= selmipri)] /=/ mipri (mip) *hide (outer cover), x1 is a crust/rind/peel/skin/|/outer cover of x2 /:/ , gacri) /=/ pilka (pil pi'a) *hide (skin), x1 is a pelt/skin/|/leather from x2 /:/ /=/ skapi (kap) &hide, x1 of mipri *hides (makes hidden: agentive secrecy), x1 keeps x2 secret/hidden from x3 by method x4; x2 is a secret; x1 |/conceals x2 /:/ [intransitive hidden/secret, without an agent (= selcri or nalterju'o); secret (= selmipri)] /=/ mipri (mip) &hierarchic, x2 of vipsi &hierarchy, x2 of vipsi *high (noble), x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/|-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also upper-class; |/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles] /=/ nobli (nol no'i) *high (pressure), x1 sucks/is suction/vacuum/relatively low pressure of fluid/gas x2 relative to | pressure x3 /:/ [also suck object/fluid (= sakcpu or sakmuvgau)] /=/ sakci (sak) *high (upward), x1 is |/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 /:/ [also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself] /=/ galtu (gal ga'u) &high, x1 of galtu *high-born, x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/|/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles] /=/ nobli (nol no'i) *highlands, x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[|] projecting from land/mass x2 /:/ /=/ cmana (ma'a) *highly reflective, x1 is a | /polished non-tarnishing metallic surface, of metal x2 [often chromium] /:/ /=/ romge (rog) *highly regards, x1 esteems/respects/venerates/| x2 [object of respect] /:/ [also: x2 is respected/esteemed/celebrated (= selsi'a for reordered places)] /=/ sinma (si'a) *highway, x1 is a road/| to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered) /:/ [a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelling] /=/ dargu (dag) *hill, x1 is a heap/pile/stack/mound/| of materials x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ derxi (dre) *hill, x1 is a mountain/|/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from land/mass x2 /:/ /=/ cmana (ma'a) *hinder, x1 (event/state) interferes with/|-s/disrupts x2 (event/state/process) due to quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also blocks, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation] /=/ zunti (zun zu'i) &hindered, x2 of zunti *hinders, x1 (event/state) interferes with/|/disrupts x2 (event/state/process) due to quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also blocks, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation] /=/ zunti (zun zu'i) &Hindi aspect, x2 of xindo &Hindi, x1 of xindo *Hindi, x1 reflects | language/culture/religion in aspect x2 /:/ [defaults to not include Urdu; Indian (Bharat) nationality may be implied (when constrained by xingu'e)] /=/ xindo (xin) *hindrance (problem), x1 (event/state) is a problem/| to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3 /:/ [also: x1 requires consideration by x2] /=/ nabmi (nam) &hindrance, x1 of zunti *hinged (| joint), x1 is a/the knee/elbow/knuckle [| joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3 /:/ [metaphor: a sharp bend/curve] /=/ cidni (cid) &hinterland, city | x4 of tcadu *hinterland, x4 of: x1 is a town/city of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving |/region x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is urban] /=/ tcadu (tca) *hip, x1 is a/the shoulder/|/joint [body-part] attaching limb/extremity x2 to body x3 /:/ /=/ janco (jan) *hire, x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 /:/ [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); |/employ (= le'ipli, le'irplicu'a)] /=/ pilno (pli) &Hispanic aspect, x2 of xispo &Hispanic, x1 of xispo *Hispanic, x1 reflects Hispano-American culture/nationalities in aspect x2 /:/ [refers to Spanish-speaking Latin-American countries, not Brazil/Guyana] /=/ xispo (xip) *Hispano-American, x1 reflects | culture/nationalities in aspect x2 /:/ [refers to Spanish-speaking Latin-American countries, not Brazil/Guyana] /=/ xispo (xip) &historian, x3 of citri *historic (old and well-known), x1 is old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [This can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also ancient (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); |/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)] /=/ slabu (sau) *historic (pertaining to history), x1 is a history of x2 according to x3 (person)/from point-of-view x3 /:/ [also |/historical (= cirselmo'i, cirvai)] /=/ citri (cir) *historical (old and well-known), x1 is old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [This can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also ancient (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/| (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)] /=/ slabu (sau) *historical (pertaining to history), x1 is a history of x2 according to x3 (person)/from point-of-view x3 /:/ [also historic/| (= cirselmo'i, cirvai)] /=/ citri (cir) &history, x1 of citri &history, thing having | x2 of citri *history, x1 is a | of x2 according to x3 (person)/from point-of-view x3 /:/ [also historic/historical (= cirselmo'i, cirvai)] /=/ citri (cir) &hit locus, x4 of darxi &hit, x1 of darxi &hit, is | x2 of darxi *hit, x1 |-/strikes/[beats] x2 with instrument [or body-part] x3 at locus x4 /:/ /=/ darxi (dax da'i) *hits, x1 kicks [| with x1's foot/feet x4] x2 in/at locus x3, using x1's foot/feet x4 /:/ /=/ tikpa (tip) *hits, x1 |/strikes/[beats] x2 with instrument [or body-part] x3 at locus x4 /:/ /=/ darxi (dax da'i) &hitting tool, x3 of darxi &hitting, victim of | x2 of darxi &hoard, x1 of sorcu &hoe, x3 of plixa *hog, x1 is a pig/|/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2 /:/ [sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)] /=/ xarju (xaj) &hold as crime, x2 of zekri &hold as existent, x2 of zasti &hold as famous, x2 of misno &hold as god, x2 of cevni &hold as magical, x2 of makfa &hold responsible, x3 of fuzme *holding (of a bed/pallet), x1 is a bed/pallet of material x2 for |/supporting x3 (person/object/event) /:/ /=/ ckana (cka) &holding charge, object/location | x2 of dikca *holds (contains/encloses), x1 contains/|/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2 /:/ [also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)] /=/ vasru (vas vau) *holds (grasps), x1 grasps/|/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2) /:/ [hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)] /=/ jgari (jai) *holds (restrains), x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/| [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) *holds (retains/keeps), x1 retains/keeps/| x2 in its possession /:/ /=/ ralte (ra'e) &holds dear, x2 of dirba *holds up, x1 supports/|/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 /:/ [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)] /=/ sarji (sra) *hole (deep opening), x1 is a/the throat/gullet [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: narrow(ing) opening of a deep |] /:/ /=/ galxe *hole (hollow place), x1 is a cavity/|/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1 /:/ [also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)] /=/ kevna (kev ke'a) @hole (passing through), consider metaphors "pass_through-locus" (greklo) *hole (place dug from), x1 (agent) digs x2 [material] up/out of x3 [source/|] with limbs/tool(s) x4 /:/ [also x1 cuts into x3 (with material removal)] /=/ kakpa *hole (|/orifice having lip/rim), x2 of: x1 is a/the lip [body-part]/rim of |/orifice x2 of body x3; (adjective:) x1 is labial /:/ /=/ ctebi (teb) *holiday (something celebrated), x3 of: x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[| (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) *hollow (cavity/hole), x1 is a cavity/hole/|/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is | at locus x1 /:/ [also pit, depression, concavity; | (= selke'a)] /=/ kevna (kev ke'a) *hollow (empty/vacant), x1 [container] is empty/vacant of x2 [material]; x1 is | /:/ [also vacuum (= kunti be roda/so'ada)] /=/ kunti (kut) *hollow (of tubing/pipe), x1 is a length of tubing/pipe/| cylinder [shape/form] of material x2, | of material x3 /:/ [also sleeve, leg, hose, (adjective:) tubular] /=/ tubnu (tu'u) &holy thing, x1 of censa &holy, thing held as | x2 of censa *holy, x1 is virtuous/saintly/[fine/moral/nice/|/morally good] by standard x2 /:/ [|/saintly (= cesyvu'e)] /=/ vrude (vud vu'e) *holy, x1 is |/sacred to person/people/culture/religion/cult/group x2 /:/ /=/ censa (ces) *home (habitat), x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/|/abode x2 /:/ /=/ xabju (xa'u) *home (nest/house), x1 is a nest/house/lair/den/[|] of/for x2 /:/ [| (= tercnizda), house (constructed building) (= zdadi'u)] /=/ zdani (zda) *home planet (Earth), x1 is the Earth/the | of race x2; (adjective:) x1 is terrestrial/earthbound /:/ /=/ terdi (ted) *home planet (| and sun), x1 is the sun of | x2 (default Earth) of race x3 /:/ ['home planet' refers to a planet which is "home" to a race, but not necessarily the original "home" of a species if that species inhabits many worlds] /=/ solri (sol) *homogeneous, x1 (object/event) is uniform/| in property x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ manfo &honest, x1 of stace *honest, x1 is |/open/truthfully revealing to/candid/frank with x2 about matter/fact x3 /:/ [also straight, straight-forward] /=/ stace (sac) &honesty subject, x3 of stace &honesty, receive | x2 of stace *honk, x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, |, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) *honors, x1 celebrates/recognizes/| x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) &hoof, x1 of sufti *hoof, x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ sufti (sfu) &hoofed, x2 of sufti &hook material, x2 of genxu &hook, x1 of genxu *hook, x1 is a |/crook [shape/form] of material x2 /:/ /=/ genxu (gex) *hooves (| with shoes), x2 of: x1 is a shoe/boot/sandal for covering/protecting [feet/|] x2, and of material x3 /:/ [also boot (= tupcutci)] /=/ cutci (cuc) &hope, x2 of pacna &hope, likeliness of | x3 of pacna *hope, x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens /:/ [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means '|' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers (li "piso'u" to li "piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), | (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)] /=/ pacna (pa'a) &hoped for, x2 of pacna *hoped for, x2 of: x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens /:/ [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as | by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers (li "piso'u" to li "piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)] /=/ pacna (pa'a) *hopeful, x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens /:/ [also: x1 is | of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers (li "piso'u" to li "piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)] /=/ pacna (pa'a) *hopefully occur, x2 of: x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens /:/ [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will |, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers (li "piso'u" to li "piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)] /=/ pacna (pa'a) &hoper, x1 of pacna *hopes, x1 |/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 | that x2 happens /:/ [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers (li "piso'u" to li "piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)] /=/ pacna (pa'a) *horizon (as a standard for slantedness), x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to |/frame x3 /:/ [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear] /=/ salpo (sa'o) &horizon, slope | x3 of salpo *horizontal, x1 is flat/level/| in gravity/frame of reference x2 /:/ /=/ pinta (pin) &horn, x1 of jirna &horn, thing having | x2 of jirna *horn, x1 is a |/trumpet/trombone/bugle [brass-wind/lip-reed musical instrument] /:/ /=/ tabra *horn, x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed extremity] /:/ /=/ jirna &horned, x2 of jirna *hornet, x1 is a bee/wasp/| of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ bifce (bic) &horse species, x2 of xirma &horse, x1 of xirma *horse, x1 is a |/equine/[colt/mare/stallion/pony] of species/breed x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is equine/equestrian] /=/ xirma (xir xi'a) *hose, x1 is a length of tubing/pipe/hollow cylinder [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of material x3 /:/ [also sleeve, leg, |, (adjective:) tubular] /=/ tubnu (tu'u) *hospice, x1 is a hospital treating patient(s) x2 for condition/injuries/disease/illness x3 /:/ [| (a place where x2 of spita is lenu mrobi'o = mrospita)] /=/ spita &hospital patient, x2 of spita &hospital specialty, x3 of spita &hospital, x1 of spita *hospital, x1 is a | treating patient(s) x2 for condition/injuries/disease/illness x3 /:/ [hospice (a place where x2 of spita is lenu mrobi'o = mrospita)] /=/ spita &host, x2 of vitke &host, louse | x3 of civla &host, parasite | x3 of civla *hostel, x1 is a hotel/inn/| at location x2 operated by x3 /:/ /=/ xotli (xol xoi) &hosteler, x3 of xotli &hot standard, x2 of glare &hot, x1 of glare *hot, x1 is summer/summertime [| season] of year x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ crisa (cis) *hot, x1 is |/[warm] by standard x2 /:/ [warm (= mligla), feverish (= bi'agla)] /=/ glare (gla) &hotel location, x2 of xotli &hotel, x1 of xotli &hotel, operate | x3 of xotli *hotel, x1 is a |/inn/hostel at location x2 operated by x3 /:/ /=/ xotli (xol xoi) *hour (duration), x1 is x2 hours in duration (default is 1 |) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ cacra *hour (time-of-day), x1 [hours, {minutes}, {seconds}] is the time/| of state/event x2 on day x3 at location x4 /:/ [also o'clock]; (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi) /=/ tcika &hour standard, x3 of cacra &hour, x1 of cacra *hours (part of time of day), x1 [|, {minutes}, {seconds}] is the time/hour of state/event x2 on day x3 at location x4 /:/ [also o'clock]; (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi) /=/ tcika *hours in duration, x1 is x2 | in duration (default is 1 hour) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ cacra &hours, duration in | x2 of cacra &hours, interval lasting in | x1 of cacra &hours, number of | x2 of cacra *house, x1 is a nest/|/lair/den/[home] of/for x2 /:/ [home (= tercnizda), | (constructed building) (= zdadi'u)] /=/ zdani (zda) &howl, x2 of krixa *howl, x1 utters moan/groan/|/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) *howls, x1 cries out/yells/| sound x2; x1 is a crier /:/ /=/ krixa (kix ki'a) *hub, x1 is a/the gut(s)/entrails/intestines/viscera/innards/digestive system [body-part] of x2 /:/ [metaphor: process |] /=/ canti &hue, x2 of skari *hue, x1 is/appears to be of color/| x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [conditions may include lighting, background, etc.] /=/ skari (ska) *hug, x1 grasps/holds/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2) /:/ [| (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)] /=/ jgari (jai) &hugged, x2 of tagji *hugs, x1 grasps/holds/clutches/seizes/grips/[|] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2) /:/ [hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)] /=/ jgari (jai) *human (child not necessarily |), x1 is a child/kid/juvenile [a young person] of age x2, immature by standard x3 /:/ [not necessarily |] /=/ verba (ver ve'a) *human (person not necessarily |), x1 is a person/people (noun) [not necessarily |]; x1 displays personality/a persona /:/ /=/ prenu (pre) &human, x1 of remna *human, x1 is a |/| being/man (non-specific gender-free sense); (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ /=/ remna (rem re'a) *humanoid (female), x1 is a woman/women; x1 is a female | person [not necessarily adult] /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)] /=/ ninmu (nim ni'u) *humanoid (male), x1 is a man/men; x1 is a male | person [not necessarily adult] /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)] /=/ nanmu (nau) *humanoid (mythical creature), x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical |] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when |-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman]; (cf. ranmi, especially for non-| creatures of myth) /=/ crida (rid) &humble, x1 of cumla *humble, x1 is |/modest about x2 (abstraction); x1 displays humility about x2 /:/ /=/ cumla (cul) *humiliated, x1 feels ashamed/mortified/| under conditions x2 before community/audience x3 /:/ /=/ ckeji (kej cke) &humiliating, x2 of ckeji *humility (displays |), x1 is humble/modest about x2 (abstraction); x1 displays | about x2 /:/ /=/ cumla (cul) &humility, object of | x2 of cumla *humor (event of feeling emotion), x1 feels emotion x2 (ka) about x3 /:/ [also mood/| (= nuncni)] /=/ cinmo (cni) @humor, see also "amused", "funny", "laugh", "smile" *hunch (has a |), x1 guesses/conjectures/surmises x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [also: x1 has a | that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is true; words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ smadi *hunch (something guessed), x2 of: x1 guesses/conjectures/surmises x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [also: x1 has a | that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is true; words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ smadi *hundred, x1 is a | [100; 1x10**2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ xecto (xet cto) *hundredth, x1 is a | [1/100; 1x10**-2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ centi (cen) &hung by, x3 of dandu &hung from, x2 of dandu &hunger, x1 of xagji &hunger, object of | x2 of xagji *hunger, x1 |-s for x2; x1 needs/wants food/fuel x2 /:/ /=/ xagji *hungers, x1 | for x2; x1 needs/wants food/fuel x2 /:/ /=/ xagji &hunt purpose, x3 of kalte &hunt, x1 of kalte *hunt, x1 |-s/stalks prey/quarry x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also verb to fish (= fipkalte)] /=/ kalte (kat) &hunted, x2 of kalte *hunts, x1 |/stalks prey/quarry x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also verb to fish (= fipkalte)] /=/ kalte (kat) *hurls (launches, of a device), x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] /:/ [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 |/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) *hurls (throws), x1 throws/launches/casts/| x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally to x1) /:/ , danti) /=/ renro (rer re'o) *hurt, x1 hurts/feels pain/| at locus x2 /:/ /=/ cortu (cor cro) *hurts (feels pain), x1 |/feels pain/hurt at locus x2 /:/ /=/ cortu (cor cro) *hurts (injures victim), x1 (event) |/injures/harms/damages victim x2 in property x3 (ka) resulting in injury x4 (state) /:/ /=/ xrani (xai) &hurts, x2 of cortu *husk, x1 is a shell/| [hard, protective covering] around x2 composed of x3 /:/ /=/ calku (cak) *hybrid, x1 is a [biological] offspring/child/kid/| of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is filial /:/ /=/ panzi (paz) &hydrogen, x1 of cidro *hydrogen, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | (H); [metaphor: light, flammable] /:/ /=/ cidro (dro) *hymn, x1 sings/chants x2 [song/|/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3 /:/ [melody (= sa'azgi, ralsa'azgi), harmony (= saxsa'azgi), harmonize/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)] /=/ sanga (sag sa'a) &ice composition, x2 of bisli &ice, x1 of bisli *ice, x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains | [frozen crystal] of composition/material x2 /:/ [composition including x2, which need not be a complete composition] /=/ bisli (bis) *id, x1 is a self/ego/|/identity-image of x2 /:/ /=/ sevzi (sez se'i) *idea (concept), x1 (| abstract) is an |/concept/thought about x2 (object/abstract) by thinker x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is ideal/ideational] /=/ sidbo (sib si'o) *idea (proposal/solution), x1 (agent) suggests/proposes |/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in/among x3 /:/ [event which inspires/suggests/is suggestive (= faurti'i, sidyfau)] /=/ stidi (sid ti'i) &idea subject, x2 of sidbo &idea, x1 of sidbo &idea, thing having | x3 of sidbo *ideal (conceptual shape/form), x1 [|] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical | form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)] /=/ tarmi (tam tai) *ideal (perfect/archtypical), x1 is perfect/|/archetypical/faultless/flawless/un-improvable in property/aspect x2 (ka) /:/ [also without defect/error] /=/ prane (pa'e) *ideal (pertaining to ideas), x1 (idea abstract) is an idea/concept/thought about x2 (object/abstract) by thinker x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is |/ideational] /=/ sidbo (sib si'o) *idealized, x1 (si'o) is abstracted/generalized/| from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3 /:/ /=/ sucta (suc) *ideas (existing | as basis for invention), x4 of: x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/| x4 /:/ [x1 is creative/inventive] /=/ finti (fin fi'i) *ideas (| massed as culture), x1 [mass of |, customs, skills, arts] is culture of nation/ethos x2 (mass); x1 is ethnic /:/ [(note that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is shared among people and is not an individual trait)] /=/ kulnu (klu) *ideas (| taught), x3 of: x1 teaches audience x2 |/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) /:/ [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] /=/ ctuca (ctu) *ideational, x1 (idea abstract) is an idea/concept/thought about x2 (object/abstract) by thinker x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is ideal/|] /=/ sidbo (sib si'o) *identical, x1 is the same/| thing as x2 by standard x3; (x1 and x2 interchangeable) /:/ /=/ mintu (mit mi'u) *identity-image (self/ego), x1 is a self/ego/id/|-image of x2 /:/ /=/ sevzi (sez se'i) &idle thing, x1 of cando *idle, x1 is |/at rest/inactive /:/ ["in motion", not implying a change in location, is negation of this] /=/ cando (cad) *ignite, x1 burns/[|-s/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3 /:/ [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; | (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)] /=/ jelca (jel) *ignites, x1 burns/[|/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3 /:/ [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)] /=/ jelca (jel) %ignoble (very |), x1 is common/|/low/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ tolno'i %ignoble (vulgar/ignoble), x1 is common/|/low/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ nalno'i &ill, x1 of bilma &ill, one who is | x1 of bilma *ill, x1 is |/sick/diseased with symptoms x2 from disease x3 /:/ /=/ bilma (bi'a) *ill-at-ease, x1 is embarrassed/disconcerted/flustered/| about/under conditions x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ burna *illness (something treated/cured), x3 of: x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for | x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) *illness (treated by a hospital), x1 is a hospital treating patient(s) x2 for condition/injuries/disease/| x3 /:/ [hospice (a place where x2 of spita is lenu mrobi'o = mrospita)] /=/ spita &illness, x3 of bilma @illness, see also "ailment", "disease" *illuminated (lit), x2 of: x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3 /:/ [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with light/illumination x1; x2 is lit/| by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); light/lamp (= tergu'i)] /=/ gusni (gus gu'i) &illuminated, x2 of gusni *illuminates, x3 of: x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3 /:/ [x3 |/lights x2 with light/illumination x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); light/lamp (= tergu'i)] /=/ gusni (gus gu'i) *illuminating, x1 [energy] is light/illumination | x2 from light source x3 /:/ [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with light/illumination x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); light/lamp (= tergu'i)] /=/ gusni (gus gu'i) *illumination source, x3 of: x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source/| x3 /:/ [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with light/| x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by | x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); light/lamp (= tergu'i)] /=/ gusni (gus gu'i) *illumination type (| recorded by camera), x2 of: x1 is a camera/photographic equipment recording | type x2 images to medium x3 /:/ /=/ kacma &illumination, photographic | x2 of kacma *illumination, x1 [energy] is light/| illuminating x2 from light source x3 /:/ [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with light/| x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by | x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); light/lamp (= tergu'i)] /=/ gusni (gus gu'i) &illumine, x1 of gusni *illumine, x1 [energy] is light/|-ation |-ating x2 from light source x3 /:/ [x3 |-ates/lights x2 with light/|-ation x1; x2 is lit/|-d/|-ated by |-ation x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); light/lamp (= tergu'i)] /=/ gusni (gus gu'i) &illustrated, x2 of pixra *illustration (example), x1 is an example/sample/specimen/instance/case/| of common property(s) x2 of set x3 /:/ /=/ mupli (mup) *illustration (picture/representation), x1 is a picture/| representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)] /=/ pixra (pir xra) *illustrative, x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/|; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)] /=/ pixra (pir xra) *illustrious, x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, |, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) *image (identity-|), x1 is a self/ego/id/identity-| of x2 /:/ /=/ sevzi (sez se'i) *image (likeness), x1 or x2 of: x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a likeness/| of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis] /=/ simsa (smi) *image (model), x1 is/reflects/represents a pattern of forms/events x2 arranged according to structure x3 /:/ [x3 is a [model] for x1 (= termontai, termonsi'o); | (= gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, selmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the ideal)] /=/ morna (mon mo'a) *image (picture), x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), | (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)] /=/ pixra (pir xra) *image (print), x1 is a print/impression/| on/in surface x2 of/made by/using tool/press/implement/object x3 /:/ /=/ prina (pri) *image (reflected |), x4 of: x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be | or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) &image focussed by lens, x2 of lenjo *imaged (something reflected), x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an | object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) &imaginary, x1 of xanri *imaginary, x1 [concept] exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is | to x2 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is unreal (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is | does not imply that it doesn't exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so that one can talk about | things without claiming that they thereby really exist] /=/ xanri (xar) *imagination, x1 [concept] exists in the | of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is unreal (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not imply that it doesn't exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so that one can talk about imaginary things without claiming that they thereby really exist] /=/ xanri (xar) &imagine, x2 of xanri *imagined, x1 [concept] exists in the imagination of/is | by/is imaginary to x2 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is unreal (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not imply that it doesn't exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so that one can talk about imaginary things without claiming that they thereby really exist] /=/ xanri (xar) *imagines (conceives in the imagination), x2 of: x1 [concept] exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2 /:/ [also x2 | x1; (adjective:) x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is unreal (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not imply that it doesn't exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so that one can talk about imaginary things without claiming that they thereby really exist] /=/ xanri (xar) *imagines (guesses), x1 guesses/conjectures/surmises x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [also: x1 has a hunch that x2 is true; x1 | x2 is true; words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ smadi *imbibes, x1 (agent) drinks/| beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of container/source x3 /:/ /=/ pinxe (pix) &immaterial, x1 of mucti *immaterial, x1 is |/not physical/without material form /:/ /=/ mucti (mut) *immature (of a boy), x1 is a boy/lad [young male person] of age x2 | by standard x3 /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)] /=/ nanla *immature (of a child), x1 is a child/kid/juvenile [a young person] of age x2, | by standard x3 /:/ [not necessarily human] /=/ verba (ver ve'a) *immature (of a girl), x1 is a girl [young female person] of age x2 | by standard x3 /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)] /=/ nixli (nix xli) &immediately under, x2 of cpana &immerse, x1 of jinru *immerse, x1 (object/person) is |-d/submerged/bathes in liquid x2 /:/ [take a bath/bathe (= jirsezlu'i)] /=/ jinru (jir) &immersed in, x2 of jinru *immersed, x1 (object/person) is |/submerged/bathes in liquid x2 /:/ [take a bath/bathe (= jirsezlu'i)] /=/ jinru (jir) *immobile (of a root or support), x1 is a root [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: |, supporting, nourishing] /:/ /=/ genja (gej) *immoderate, x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3 /:/ [also very, pretty, a lot, |/|-ly, intense, quite, extremely] /=/ mutce (tce) *immune-system stimulant, x1 is a vaccine/| protecting x2 against disease x3 introduced by method x4 /:/ [also serum; inoculation (= jestu'u veljinku)] /=/ jinku &impacted, x2 of vajni &impacts emotionally, x3 of cinmo *implement (digging |), x1 is a shovel/spade [bladed digging |] for digging x2 /:/ /=/ canpa (cna) *implement (print-making |), x1 is a print/impression/image on/in surface x2 of/made by/using tool/press/|/object x3 /:/ /=/ prina (pri) *implement (scratching |), x1 [abrasive/cutting/scratching object/|] scratches/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] x2 /:/ , spali) /=/ sraku (rak) *implement (tool), x1 is a tool/utensil/resource/instrument/| used for doing x2; [form determines function] /:/ /=/ tutci (tci) *implement (writing |), x1 inscribes/writes x2 on display/storage medium x3 with writing | x4; x1 is a scribe /:/ [also x3 writing surface] /=/ ciska (ci'a) @implement, see also "tool" &implement, writing | x4 of ciska *implies (logically |), x1 logically necessitates/entails/| action/event/state x2 under rules/logic system x3 /:/ /=/ nibli (nib ni'i) &implies, x2 of smuni *implores, x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/|/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci *import (of |; significant), x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of |; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) &importance, reason for | x3 of vajni &important, x1 of vajni &important, finds | x2 of vajni *important, x1 (object/event) is |/significant to x2 (person/event) in aspect/for reason x3 (nu/ka) /:/ [also: x1 matters to x2 in aspect/respect x3] /=/ vajni (vaj vai) *importune, x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also |, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci *imposing, x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, | (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) *impoverished, x1 is poor/indigent/|/lacking in goods/possessions/property x2 /:/ x2 is scanty/meager for x1 /=/ pindi (pid) *impresses (influences), x1 (agent) influences/lures/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by influence/threat/lure x4 /:/ [also |; x4 is alluring (= trivelxlu for place reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states) /=/ xlura (xlu) *impresses (of a printing implement), x1 is a print/impression/image on/in surface x2 of/made by/using tool/press/implement/object x3 /:/ x3 | x1 into x2 /=/ prina (pri) *impression, x1 is a print/|/image on/in surface x2 of/made by/using tool/press/implement/object x3 /:/ /=/ prina (pri) *impressive, x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, |, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) *imprint, x1 is a print/|/image on/in surface x2 of/made by/using tool/press/implement/object x3 /:/ /=/ prina (pri) &imprinted, x2 of prina &imprison, x2 of pinfu &imprisonment means, x3 of pinfu *improved (of a road/highway), x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered) /:/ [a regularly used, |-for-use surface for travelling] /=/ dargu (dag) &in .001's, measured | x2 of milti &in 10's, thing measured | x2 of dekto &in 100's, quantity | x2 of xecto &in 1000's, x2 of kilto &in 1E-12's, quantity | x2 of picti &in 1E-18's, quantity | x2 of xatsi &in 1E-21's, quantity | x2 of zepti &in 1E-6's, quantity | x2 of mikri &in 1E-9's, quantity | x2 of nanvi &in 1E12's, quantity | x2 of terto &in 1E15's, quantity | x2 of petso &in 1E18's, quantity | x2 of xexso &in 1E21's, quantity | x2 of zetro &in 1E24's, x2 of gotro &in 1E6's, quantity | x2 of megdo &in 1E9's, x2 of gigdo &in a heap, material that is | x2 of derxi &in acres, size | x2 of kramu &in affair, involved | x2 of cuntu &in amperes, amount | x2 of xampo &in amperes, current | x2 of xampo *in back of, x1 is posterior/behind/|/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)] /=/ trixe (rix ti'e) &in bar, served | x2 of barja &in between, have | x2 of jbini &in bread, grain | x2 of nanba &in camp, stay | x2 of ginka &in car, ride | x2 of karce &in cents, worth | x2 of fepni *in charge, x1 is captain/commander/leader/| of vehicle/domain x2 /:/ /=/ jatna (ja'a) &in code, x1 of mifra &in community, those who live | x2 of cecmu &in competition, beaten | x3 of jinga &in contention, x3 of damba &in contention, x3 of fapro &in contention, x3 of jamna &in division, remainder | x4 of dilcu &in dollars, worth | x2 of rupnu &in drama, act | x5 of draci &in excess, x2 of dukse &in fight, opponent | x2 of damba &in foam bubble, material | x3 of fonmo *in front of, x1 is anterior/ahead/forward/| x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ crane (cra) &in front, x2 of trixe &in front, thing having | x2 of crane &in garden, grown | x3 of purdi &in hours, duration | x2 of cacra &in hours, interval lasting | x1 of cacra &in its future, thing having | x2 of balvi &in its past, thing having | x2 of purci &in Kelvin, temperature | x2 of kelvo &in liters, volume | x2 of litce &in local units, weight | x2 of bunda &in meters, size | x2 of mitre &in miles, size | x2 of minli &in minutes, duration | x2 of mentu &in minutes, lasts | x1 of mentu &in moles, quantity | x2 of molro &in months, duration | x2 of masti &in months, lasts | x1 of masti &in on, x2 of sivni &in order, is | x1 of porsi &in oven, cooked | x2 of toknu &in plane, point | x2 of plita &in radians, quantity | x2 of radno &in ratio, x2 of parbi &in rocket, carried | x3 of jakne &in seconds, duration | x2 of snidu &in seconds, quantity | x2 of snidu &in sequenced set, ordinal item | x1 of # moi &in short units, length/width/height | x2 of gutci &in situation, x2 of tcini &in steradians, quantity | x2 of stero *in the dark, x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden /:/ [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/| (= nalselsivni)] /=/ sivni (siv) *in touch, x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden /:/ [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/| with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)] /=/ sivni (siv) &in war, enemy | x2 of jamna &in war, opponent | x2 of jamna &in weeks, duration | x2 of jeftu &in weeks, lasts | x1 of jeftu &in years, duration | x2 of nanca &in years, lasts | x1 of nanca &in, x1 of nenri &in, accompanied | x3 of kansa &in, floated | x2 of fulta &in, gravity lifted | x4 of lafti &in, immersed | x2 of jinru &in, matter represented | x3 of krati &in, mixed | x2 of mixre &in, sequence preceded | x3 of lidne &in, set sought | x3 of sisku &in, sown | x3 of sombo &in, swum | x2 of limna *in, x1 is |/inside/within x2; x1 is on the inside/interior of x2 [totally within the bounds of x2] /:/ [indicates total containment] /=/ nenri (ner ne'i) *inactive, x1 is idle/at rest/| /:/ ["in motion", not implying a change in location, is negation of this] /=/ cando (cad) *inalienable, x1 is an inherent/| site/place/position/situation/spot/location of x2 (object/event) /:/ [generally used for normally stationary objects/events, to give their 'permanent' location] /=/ stuzi (tuz stu) &inamorata, x2 of prami *incendiary device, x1 is a match [|] made of x2 /:/ /=/ sacki *incentive, x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/| for action/event x2, per volition of x3 /:/ [also; x3 is motivated to bring about result/goal/objective x2 by x1 (= termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditions' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or within the x2 action level)] /=/ mukti (muk mu'i) *inch, x1 is x2 (default 1) short local distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [foot (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjamgutci), pace (= tapygutci), | (= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ gutci (guc) *incident, x1 (event) is an event that happens/occurs/takes place; x1 is an |/happening/occurrence /:/ /=/ fasnu (fau) *inclined, x1 is sloped/|/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 /:/ [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear] /=/ salpo (sa'o) *includes, x1 contains/holds/encloses/| contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2 /:/ [also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)] /=/ vasru (vas vau) &increase [n], x3 of zenba &increase amount, x3 of zenba &increase property, x2 of zenba &increase, x1 of zenba *increase, x1 (experiencer) |-s/is incremented/augmented in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ zenba (zen ze'a) *increased (of a value mathematically added to), x2 of: x1 is a mathematical sum/result/total of x2 plus/| by x3 /:/ /=/ sumji (suj) *increases (grows), x1 grows/expands [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3 /:/ [also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/|] /=/ banro (ba'o) *increases (is augmented in quantity/property), x1 (experiencer) |/is incremented/augmented in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ zenba (zen ze'a) *increasing development, x1 grows/expands [an |] to size/into form x2 from x3 /:/ [also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increases] /=/ banro (ba'o) *increment (smallest, of a quantum), x1 is a quantum/ray/elementary particle/smallest measurable | of property/activity x2 /:/ [quantum ray (= bonka'u)] /=/ kantu (ka'u) *incremented, x1 (experiencer) increases/is |/augmented in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ zenba (zen ze'a) *indemnifies, x1 insures/| x2 (person) against peril/loss x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) /:/ [sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)] /=/ binra *independent, x1 is free/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) |; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2] /=/ zifre (zif zi'e) *Indian (pertaining to India/Bharat), x1 reflects Hindi language/culture/religion in aspect x2 /:/ [defaults to not include Urdu; | (Bharat) nationality may be implied (when constrained by xingu'e)] /=/ xindo (xin) *indigent, x1 is poor/|/impoverished/lacking in goods/possessions/property x2 /:/ x2 is scanty/meager for x1 /=/ pindi (pid) *individual (| making speech sound), x2 of: x1 is a voice/speech sound of | x2 /:/ /=/ voksa (vok vo'a) *individuals (managed/controlled), x2 of: x1 has control over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance) /:/ [x2 are aspects/| controlled within activity/event x3; manage (= selzu'etro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)] /=/ jitro (tro) *individuals (|/members with specific traits), x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/| of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or | (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) &individuals numbered, x3 of # mei &individuals, mass of qunatified | x1 of # mei *individuals, x1 (agent) divides/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/| x3 by method/partition x4 (an object in x4 usually requires tu'a) /:/ [also segments] /=/ fendi (fed) *indivisible (of a most basic subunit), x1 is a cell/atom/unit/molecule of x2; x1 is an |, most basic subunit of x2 /:/ (x2 generally has mass nature) /=/ selci (sle) *Indo-European (languages), x1 reflects European culture/nationality/geography/| | languages in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ ropno (ron ro'o) *Indonesian (as an aspect of joint Malay-Indonesian culture), x1 reflects Malay-| common language/culture in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ baxso *Indonesian (pertaining to Indonesia), x1 reflects | culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ bindo (bid) &Indonesian aspect, x2 of bindo &Indonesian, x1 of bindo *industrial (pertaining to manufacturing), x1 is industry/|/systematic manufacturing activity producing x2 by process/means x3 /:/ /=/ gundi (gud) *industrial plant (| performing process), x1 is a mill/foundry/| plant/[assembly line] performing process x2 /:/ [(unlike fanri,) need not produce a product; grain mill (= grumlo), grinding mill (= zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca'a)] /=/ molki (mlo) *industrial plant (| producing), x1 is a factory/foundry/| plant/mill producing x2 from materials x3 /:/ /=/ fanri &industrial process, x3 of gundi &industry product, x2 of gundi &industry, x1 of gundi *industry, x1 is |/industrial/systematic manufacturing activity producing x2 by process/means x3 /:/ /=/ gundi (gud) *inert gas, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | of type x2 [neon/argon/radon/xenon] /:/ [default neon] /=/ navni *infamous, x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2 (mass) /:/ [also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/| (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)] /=/ misno (mis mi'o) &infant species, x2 of cifnu &infant, x1 of cifnu *infant, x1 is an |/baby [helpless through youth/incomplete development] of species x2 /:/ [also infantile] /=/ cifnu (cif) *infantile, x1 is an infant/baby [helpless through youth/incomplete development] of species x2 /:/ [also |] /=/ cifnu (cif) *infecting (of a virus), x1 is a virus of species/breed/defining property x2 capable of | [at] x3 /:/ /=/ vidru (vir) &inference, x2 of logji *inferring (logic for |), x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/|/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u) /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical] /=/ logji (loj) &infers, x3 of smuni &infinite property, x2 of cimni &infinite, x1 of cimni *infinite, x1 is |/unending/eternal in property/dimension x2, to degree x3 (quantity)/of type x3 /:/ [also everlasting, eternal (= cimnyteikai, temcimni)] /=/ cimni &infinity degree, x3 of cimni *inflammable, x1 burns/[ignites/is flammable/|] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3 /:/ [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/| (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)] /=/ jelca (jel) *inflate, x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/|-s/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 /:/ [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); |/become |-ed/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)] /=/ tisna (tis) *inflates (becomes more full), x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/|/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 /:/ [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)] /=/ tisna (tis) *inflates (inserts), x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits/pours/|/stuffs/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 /:/ [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) *inflexible, x1 is stiff/rigid/|/resistant in direction x2 against force x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also sometimes: firm, hard; not limited to physical forces; e.g. mental rigidity] /=/ tinsa *influence (lure, means of temptation), x4 of: x1 (agent) influences/lures/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by |/threat/lure x4 /:/ [also impresses; x4 is alluring (= trivelxlu for place reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states) /=/ xlura (xlu) &influence, x1 of xlura &influence, x4 of xlura &influence, sphere of | x2 of catni &influenced action, x3 of xlura &influenced, x2 of xlura *influences (agent of temptation), x1 (agent) |/lures/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by influence/threat/lure x4 /:/ [also impresses; x4 is alluring (= trivelxlu for place reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states) /=/ xlura (xlu) &influencing action, x4 of xlura *information (data), x1 (du'u) [fact/measurement] is data/|/statistic(s) about x2 gathered by method x3 /:/ [evidence (= velji'i datni or just velji'i, ti'irdatni)] /=/ datni *information (ear as metaphor for | gathering), x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, | gathering] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is aural] /=/ kerlo (ker) *information (nerves as metaphor for | network), x1 is a nerve/neuron [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: |/control network connection] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is neural] /=/ nirna (nir) *information (new |), x1 (du'u) is news/tidings/new | about subject x2 from source x3, to observer x4 /:/ /=/ nuzba (nuz) *information (| provided by a citation), x3 of: x1 cites/quotes/refers to/makes reference to source x2 for |/statement x3 (du'u) /:/ /=/ sitna (sit) *information (| shown by a label), x2 of: x1 is a label/tag of x2 showing | x3 /:/ /=/ tcita &information, cited | x3 of sitna &information, label | x3 of tcita *infraction, x3 of: x1 (agent) punishes x2 for | x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state) /:/ [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty] /=/ sfasa (sfa) &infuriating, x3 of fengu *ingests, x1 eats/|/consumes (transitive verb) x2 /:/ /=/ citka (cti) *ingredient (in mixture), x2 of: x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with |(s) including x2 /:/ [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an |/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)] /=/ mixre (mix xre) *ingredient (in salad), x2 of: x1 (mass) is a quantity of salad [food] with |(s)/components including x2 /:/ [x2 is in x1, an |/part/component of x1] /=/ salta *ingredient (in sauce), x3 of: x1 is a sauce/topping/gravy/frosting for use with x2, containing |(s) including x3 /:/ [x3 is in x1, an |/part/component of sauce x1] /=/ sanso *ingredient (in soup), x2 of: x1 is a quantity of soup/stew/olla/olio of |(s) including x2 /:/ [x2 is in x1, an |/part/component of x1] /=/ stasu &ingredient, x2 of mixre &ingredient, sauce | x3 of sanso &ingredient, soup | x2 of stasu &ingredients, beer | x2 of birje &ingredients, salad | x2 of salta &inhabit, x2 of zdani *inhabit, x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/|-s/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2 /:/ /=/ xabju (xa'u) &inhabitant under sun, x3 of solri &inhabitant, x2 of zdani &inhabitant, planet | x2 of terdi *inhabits, x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/|/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2 /:/ /=/ xabju (xa'u) *inherent (inalienable location), x1 is an |/inalienable site/place/position/situation/spot/location of x2 (object/event) /:/ [generally used for normally stationary objects/events, to give their 'permanent' location] /=/ stuzi (tuz stu) *inherent (innate), x1 (property - ka) is an innate/|/intrinsic/natural property/quality/aspect of x2 /:/ /=/ jinzi (jiz) *inherit, x1 is an heir to/is to | x2 (object/quality) from x3 according to rule x4 /:/ [pedantically, inheriting an object should be a sumti-raising (tu'a if non-abstract in x2) of inheriting loka ponse the object - the ownership of the object (= po'ercerda, po'erselcerda for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cerda (ced) &inheritance, x2 of cerda &inheritance, rule of | x4 of cerda *inheriting ownership, x1 is an heir to/is to inherit x2 (object/quality) from x3 according to rule x4 /:/ [pedantically, | an object should be a sumti-raising (tu'a if non-abstract in x2) of | loka ponse the object - the ownership of the object (= po'ercerda, po'erselcerda for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cerda (ced) *initial (of an origin/beginning), x1 (site/event) is a source/start/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process) /:/ [also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ krasi (kra) *initial state (| spread from), x3 of: x1 spreads/expands over/into x2 from | x3 /:/ /=/ preja (pej pe'a) *initiate, x1 [state/event/process] commences/|-s/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb) /:/ /=/ cfari (cfa) *initiated (defining a machine), x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [automated apparatus, without direct function control] /:/ [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is |/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)] /=/ minji (mi'i) *initiates (non-agentive), x1 [state/event/process] commences/|/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb) /:/ /=/ cfari (cfa) *initiation (| of an interval), x2 of: x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/[elapsed time] from |/time/event x2 to time/event x3 /:/ /=/ temci (tem tei) &initiator, x1 of cfari &inject, x1 of pambe *inject, x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits/pours/inflates/stuffs/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 /:/ [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; | (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) &injected, x2 of pambe *injector, x1 is a pump/| [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 /:/ [x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure] /=/ pambe &injure, x1 of xrani &injured, x2 of xrani *injures, x1 (event) |/harms/damages victim x2 in property x3 (ka) resulting in injury x4 (state) /:/ /=/ xrani (xai) *injuries (treated at a hospital), x3 of: x1 is a hospital treating patient(s) x2 for condition/|/disease/illness x3 /:/ [hospice (a place where x2 of spita is lenu mrobi'o = mrospita)] /=/ spita *injury (result of harming), x4 of: x1 (event) hurts/injures/harms/damages victim x2 in property x3 (ka) resulting in | x4 (state) /:/ /=/ xrani (xai) *injury (something treated/cured), x3 of: x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for | x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) &injury property, x3 of xrani &injury, x4 of xrani &ink color, x2 of xinmo &ink for pen, x2 of penbi &ink, x1 of xinmo &ink, pen using | x3 of xinmo *ink, x1 is a pen using | x2 applied by process x3 /:/ /=/ penbi (peb) *ink, x1 is a quantity of | of color/pigment x2 used by writing device x3 /:/ /=/ xinmo (xim) *inn, x1 is a hotel/|/hostel at location x2 operated by x3 /:/ /=/ xotli (xol xoi) *innards, x1 is a/the gut(s)/entrails/intestines/viscera/|/digestive system [body-part] of x2 /:/ [metaphor: process hub] /=/ canti *innate (inherent trait), x1 (property - ka) is an |/inherent/intrinsic/natural property/quality/aspect of x2 /:/ /=/ jinzi (jiz) *innate skill (talent), x1 has a talent/aptitude/| for doing/being x2 /:/ /=/ stati &innate, x1 of jinzi &innately, thing having | x2 of jinzi *inner, x1 is in/inside/within x2; x1 is on the inside/interior/| side of x2 [totally within the bounds of x2] /:/ [indicates total containment] /=/ nenri (ner ne'i) &innkeeper, x3 of xotli @innocence (plea in response to accusation), consider metaphor "respond-assert" (= ), "respond-deny" [for plea of innocence] (= ), "guilt-deny" (= zugna'e) *inoculation, x1 is a vaccine/immune-system stimulant protecting x2 against disease x3 introduced by method x4 /:/ [also serum; | (= jestu'u veljinku)] /=/ jinku *inoperable (broken down), x1 is broken/|/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2 /:/ [agentive break, cause to become | (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)] /=/ spofu (pof po'u) &inoperative function, x2 of spofu *input (sensory |), x1 is a noise/din/clamor [sensory | without useful information] to x2 via sensory channel x3 /:/ /=/ savru (sav vru) &input to process, x2 of pruce *inputs (| to a process), x2 of: x1 is a process with | x2, outputs/results x3, passing through steps/stages x4 /:/ [x2 resource (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)] /=/ pruce (ruc ru'e) *inquiry (as the basis for a problem), x3 of: x1 (event/state) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/| x3 /:/ [also: x1 requires consideration by x2] /=/ nabmi (nam) *inquisitive, x1 is curious/wonders about/is interested in/[| about] x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [| (= retkucli)] /=/ kucli *insane, x1 (action/event) is crazy/|/mad/frantic/in a frenzy (one sense) by standard x2 /:/ /=/ fenki (fek) *inscribes, x1 |/writes x2 on display/storage medium x3 with writing implement x4; x1 is a scribe /:/ [also x3 writing surface] /=/ ciska (ci'a) &inscription, x3 of tcita *insect (arthropod), x1 is an |/arthropod of species x2; [bug/beetle] /:/ /=/ cinki *insect (non-stinging flying |), x1 is a fly [a small non-stinging flying |] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ sfani &insect species, x2 of cinki &insect, x1 of cinki &insert, x1 of setca *insert, x1 (agent) |-s/interposes/puts/deposits/pours/inflates/stuffs/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 /:/ [|-tion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) &inserted into, x3 of setca &inserted, x2 of setca *inserting (of a pump), x1 is a pump/injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/| fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 /:/ [x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure] /=/ pambe *inserts, x1 (agent) |/interposes/puts/deposits/pours/inflates/stuffs/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 /:/ [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) *inside (within), x1 is in/|/within x2; x1 is on the |/interior of x2 [totally within the bounds of x2] /:/ [indicates total containment] /=/ nenri (ner ne'i) *inside diameter (of a ring), x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, | diameter x3, outside diameter x4 /:/ [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)] /=/ djine (jin) &inside diameter, ring | x3 of djine @inside, see also "contents", "contained" &inside, thing having | x2 of nenri *inspects, x1 looks at/examines/views/|/regards/watches/gazes at x2 /:/ [also look through (= grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"] /=/ catlu (cta) &inspiration, x4 of finti *inspires (of an event that suggests an idea), x1 (agent) suggests/proposes idea/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) | x2 in/among x3 /:/ [event which |/suggests/is suggestive (= faurti'i, sidyfau)] /=/ stidi (sid ti'i) *inspiring, x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, |, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) *instance (example), x1 is an example/sample/specimen/|/case/illustration of common property(s) x2 of set x3 /:/ /=/ mupli (mup) *instance (occurrance), x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, another, |, different, other, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) *instant, x1 is a point/|/moment [0-dimensional shape/form] in/on/at time/place x2 /:/ [x1 is dimensionless] /=/ mokca (moc) *instead, x1 replaces/substitutes for/| of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute /:/ [also: x1 trades places with x2] /=/ basti (bas) *instinctive, x1 is natural/spontaneous/|, not [consciously] caused by person(s) /:/ /=/ rarna (rar) *institute, x1 is school/|/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audience/community x4 operated by x5 /:/ [also college, university] /=/ ckule (kul cu'e) *instruct, x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) /:/ [also |, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] /=/ ctuca (ctu) &instructive, x4 of cilre *instructor, x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) /:/ [also instruct, |, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] /=/ ctuca (ctu) *instrument (brass-wind/lip-reed musical |), x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/bugle [brass-wind/lip-reed musical |] /:/ /=/ tabra *instrument (flute-like/air-reed musical |), x1 is a flute/pipe/fife/recorder [flute-like/air-reed musical |] /:/ /=/ flani *instrument (keyboard musical |), x1 is a piano/harpsichord/synthesizer/organ; a keyboard musical | /:/ /=/ pipno (pi'o) *instrument (percussion musical |), x1 is a drum/cymbal/gong [percussion musical |] with beater/actuator x2 /:/ /=/ damri *instrument (reed musical |), x1 is a oboe/clarinet/saxophone [reed musical |] with reed x2 /:/ /=/ xagri *instrument (stringed musical |), x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical |] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 /:/ [also lute, viola, cello] /=/ jgita (git) *instrument (tool), x1 is a tool/utensil/resource/|/implement used for doing x2; [form determines function] /:/ /=/ tutci (tci) *instrument (tuned percussion |), x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion |] producing sound/note x2 /:/ [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)] /=/ janbe (jab) *instrument (| hit with), x3 of: x1 hits/strikes/[beats] x2 with | [or body-part] x3 at locus x4 /:/ /=/ darxi (dax da'i) *instrument (| used to touch with), x3 of: x1 (agent) touches x2 with x3 [a locus on x1 or an |] at x4 [a locus on x2] /:/ /=/ pencu (pec pe'u) &instrument, reed | x1 of xagri *insular, x1 is an island/atoll/key of [material/properties] x2 in surroundings/body x3; x1 is | /:/ /=/ daplu (plu) *insurance (purchase/sell |), x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril/loss x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) /:/ [sell/purchase | (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)] /=/ binra &insure, x1 of binra *insure, x1 |-s/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril/loss x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) /:/ [sell/purchase |-ance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)] /=/ binra &insured benefit, x4 of binra &insured risk, x3 of binra &insured, x2 of binra &insurer, x1 of binra *insures, x1 |/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril/loss x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) /:/ [sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)] /=/ binra *integral (whole/complete), x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 /:/ [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, |, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely] /=/ mulno (mul mu'o) *intellect, x1 is a mind/|/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so'i menli)] /=/ menli (men) *intellectual (of a thinker), x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 /:/ [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense)/an |; x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)] /=/ pensi (pes pei) *intellectual (of something thought about), x2 of: x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 /:/ [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/| (one sense) (= selpei)] /=/ pensi (pes pei) *intelligence (metaphorical of a brain), x1 is a/the brain [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: |, mental control] /:/ [also cerebral] /=/ besna (ben) &intelligent, x2 of menli &intend, not | x2 of snuti *intended audience, x2 of: x1 is a letter/missive/[note] to | x2 from author/originator x3 with content x4 /:/ /=/ xatra (xa'a) *intended audience, x4 of: x1 is a message/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to | x4 /:/ [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an '|' audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for 'content'); reminder/memo/note (= mojnoi)] /=/ notci (not noi) *intended audience, x4 of: x1 is a poem/verse about plot/theme/subject/pattern x2 by author x3 for | x4 /:/ [x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ pemci (pem) *intended audience, x4 of: x1 is prose about plot/theme/subject x2 by author x3 for | x4 /:/ [non-poetic written text, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ prosa (ros ro'a) *intense (dense), x1 is dense/concentrated/packed/| in property x2 (ka) at location/locus x3 /:/ /=/ denmi (dem) *intense (much/extreme), x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3 /:/ [also very, pretty, a lot, immoderate/immoderately, |, quite, extremely] /=/ mutce (tce) *intense (saturated/bright), x1 is |/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)] /=/ carmi (cam cai) &intense property, x2 of carmi &intense thing, x1 of carmi &intense thing, observer of | x3 of carmi &intense, find | x3 of carmi @intent, see "purpose", "goal" *interacts (| socially), x1 |/behaves socially with x2; x1 socializes with/is sociable towards x2 /:/ /=/ jikca (jik) *intercourse (sexual |), x1 copulates/fucks/mates/has coitus/sexual | with x2 /:/ [x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)] /=/ gletu (let gle) *interest (something interesting), x1 (abstraction) interests/is interesting to x2; x2 is interested in x1 /:/ [use x1 tu'a for non-specific | in an object; interested in (= selci'i)] /=/ cinri (ci'i) *interested (finds interesting), x2 of: x1 (abstraction) interests/is interesting to x2; x2 is | in x1 /:/ [use x1 tu'a for non-specific interest in an object; | in (= selci'i)] /=/ cinri (ci'i) *interested (is curious about), x1 is curious/wonders about/is | in/[inquisitive about] x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [inquisitive (= retkucli)] /=/ kucli &interested, x2 of cinri *interesting (attracts interest), x1 (abstraction) interests/is | to x2; x2 is interested in x1 /:/ [use x1 tu'a for non-specific interest in an object; interested in (= selci'i)] /=/ cinri (ci'i) &interesting, x2 of kucli &interesting, that which is | x1 of cinri *interests (attracts interest), x1 (abstraction) |/is interesting to x2; x2 is interested in x1 /:/ [use x1 tu'a for non-specific interest in an object; interested in (= selci'i)] /=/ cinri (ci'i) &interfere, x1 of zunti *interfere, x1 (event/state) |-s with/hinders/disrupts x2 (event/state/process) due to quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also blocks, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation] /=/ zunti (zun zu'i) &interfered with, x2 of zunti *interferes, x1 (event/state) | with/hinders/disrupts x2 (event/state/process) due to quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also blocks, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation] /=/ zunti (zun zu'i) &interfering quality, x3 of zunti *interior (in the | of), x1 is in/inside/within x2; x1 is on the inside/| of x2 [totally within the bounds of x2] /:/ [indicates total containment] /=/ nenri (ner ne'i) *interior (| being filled), x3 of: x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits/pours/inflates/stuffs/fills x2 into | x3/into among/between members of x3 /:/ [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) *intermediary (postal service), x5 of: x1 mails/posts [transfer via | service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system/| x5 /:/ [also x4 post office, mailbox] /=/ mrilu (mri) *intermittent, x1 is irregular/occasional/| in property/action/aspect x2 /:/ /=/ vitci (vit) *interposes, x1 (agent) inserts/|/puts/deposits/pours/inflates/stuffs/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 /:/ [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) *interpretation, x1 is a meaning/| of x2 recognized/seen/accepted by x3 /:/ [referential meaning (=selsni, snismu)] /=/ smuni (mun smu) *interpreted (of a mathematical expression), x1 [quantifier/expression] is a mathematical expression | under rules/convention x2 /:/ /=/ mekso (mek me'o) *interrelated, x1 (mass) system | by structure x2 among components x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] /=/ ciste (ci'e) &interrupt, x1 of dicra *interrupt, x1 (event) |-s/stops/halts/[disrupts]/disturbs x2 (object/event/process) due to quality x3 /:/ /=/ dicra (dir) &interrupted, x2 of dicra &interruption, x3 of dicra *interrupts, x1 (event) |/stops/halts/[disrupts]/disturbs x2 (object/event/process) due to quality x3 /:/ /=/ dicra (dir) &intersect, x1 of kruca *intersect, x1 |-s/crosses/traverses x2 at locus x3 /:/ /=/ kruca (kuc) &intersected, x2 of kruca &intersection locus, x3 of kruca &intersection, x3 of kruca *intersects, x1 |/crosses/traverses x2 at locus x3 /:/ /=/ kruca (kuc) *interval (borrowing |), x4 of: x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for | x4 /:/ [credit (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)] /=/ jbera (jer) *interval (continuous over |), x2 of: x1 (event/state) continues/persists over | x2; x1 (property - ka) is continuous over x2 /:/ /=/ ranji (ra'i) *interval (cyclical | of year(s)), x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical |], defined by |/property x2, of year(s) x3 /:/ [also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year] /=/ citsi *interval (duration of survival), x3 of: x1 survives/endures/undergoes/abides/lasts/persists through x2 for |/duration x3 /:/ [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable] /=/ renvi (rev re'i) *interval (extent), x2 of: x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over |/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) *interval (period of a regular property), x3 of: x1 is regular/cyclical/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/| x3 /:/ [also uniform; resonant (= dikslicai)] /=/ dikni (dik) *interval (smallest space between), x1 is straight/direct/line segment/| between x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is linear /:/ /=/ sirji (sir) *interval (stretched extent), x2 of: x1 stretches/extends to range x2 [|/extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4 /:/ /=/ tcena (ten) *interval (time |), x1 is the time-duration/|/period/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to time/event x3 /:/ [also age/elapsed time (= niltei)] /=/ temci (tem tei) *interval (| separating), x3 of: x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/|/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) &interval lasting in hours, x1 of cacra &interval, continuity | x2 of ranji &interval, time | x1 of temci *intestines, x1 is a/the gut(s)/entrails/|/viscera/innards/digestive system [body-part] of x2 /:/ [metaphor: process hub] /=/ canti &into, inserted | x3 of setca &into, modified | x3 of galfi &into, pumped | x3 of pambe &into, soaked up | x4 of cokcu &into, thing changed | x2 of binxo &into, translated | x3 of fanva *intrinsic, x1 (property - ka) is an innate/inherent/|/natural property/quality/aspect of x2 /:/ /=/ jinzi (jiz) *introduced (of a vaccine), x1 is a vaccine/immune-system stimulant protecting x2 against disease x3 | by method x4 /:/ [also serum; inoculation (= jestu'u veljinku)] /=/ jinku &intuit, x1 of jijnu *intuit, x1 (person) |-s x2 (du'u) about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jijnu (jij) &intuition subject, x3 of jijnu &intuition, x2 of jijnu *intuits, x1 (person) | x2 (du'u) about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jijnu (jij) %invader (in an event of aggression), x1 is an aggression, an event of x2 (person/mass) attacking/|/committing aggression upon victim x3 with goal/objective x4; x2 is an | /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) *invader, x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3; x1 is an | /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) *invades, x1 (person/mass) attacks/|/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) %invading (an event of aggression), x1 is an aggression, an event of x2 (person/mass) attacking/|/committing aggression upon victim x3 with goal/objective x4 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) *invariant, x1 is constant/|/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3 /:/ [also stable/consistent/steadfast/firm/steady] /=/ stodi (sto) &invent, x1 of finti *invent, x1 |-s/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4 /:/ [x1 is creative/|-ive] /=/ finti (fin fi'i) &invented, x2 of finti &invention purpose, x3 of finti &invention, basis of | x4 of finti *inventive, x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4 /:/ [x1, x2 is creative/| (different senses)] /=/ finti (fin fi'i) &inventor, x1 of finti *invents (creates/authors), x1 |/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4 /:/ [x1 is creative/inventive] /=/ finti (fin fi'i) *invents (designs/plans), x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also |/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) *invertebrate, x1 is a worm/| animal of species/breed x2 /:/ [also mollusk, snail (= cakcurnu), shellfish (= xaskemcakcurnu, xaskemcakydja); the generalization to | is because almost all multicellular |-s are indeed wormlike] /=/ curnu (cur) *inverted, x1 [sequence] is in reverse order from x2 [sequence]; x1 (object) is | from x2 (object) /:/ [also opposite (one sense)] /=/ fatne (fat fa'e) &invest, x1 of zivle *invest, x1 (agent) |-s resources x2 in |-ment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) /:/ [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an |-or; x2 are |-ed assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)] /=/ zivle (ziv vle) &invested, resources | x2 of zivle *invested, x2 of: x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) /:/ [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are | assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)] /=/ zivle (ziv vle) &investment return, x4 of zivle &investment, x3 of zivle *investment, x3 of: x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in | x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) /:/ [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)] /=/ zivle (ziv vle) &investor, x1 of zivle *investor, x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) /:/ [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an |; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)] /=/ zivle (ziv vle) *invests, x1 (agent) | resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) /:/ [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)] /=/ zivle (ziv vle) *invoice, x1 is an account/bill/| for goods/services x2, billed to x3 by x4 /:/ /=/ janta (jat) *involved (compliocated), x1 is complex/complicated/| in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [also tangled, confused] /=/ pluja (luj) &involved in affair, x2 of cuntu *involving (of an affair), x1 is an affair/organized activity | person(s) x2 (individual/mass); x1 is x2's business /:/ [also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu'u for reordered places)] /=/ cuntu (cu'u) *iodine, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of halogen of type x2 [chlorine, fluorine, |, etc.] /:/ [also bromine; default chlorine] /=/ kliru &Iraqi aspect, x2 of rakso &Iraqi, x1 of rakso *Iraqi, x1 reflects | culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ rakso *Irish, x1 reflects Gaelic/Scottish culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ [| (= sicko'o), Scottish (= sunko'o), Celtic (= dzeko'o), Welsh (= nanko'o), Breton (= fasko'o); since Scottish/Gaelic is only the northern branch of the Celtic tribes, many would prefer a le'avla for Celtic; nationalism might also demand a separate le'avla for |] /=/ skoto (kot ko'o) &iron, x1 of tirse *iron, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | (Fe); [metaphor: strong tarnishing] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is ferric/ferrous] /=/ tirse (tir) *ironic, x1 is |(al)/contrary to expectation x2 in state/property/aspect x3 /:/ /=/ ranxi (rax) &irony property, x3 of ranxi &irony, x1 of ranxi *irony, x1 is |-ic(al)/contrary to expectation x2 in state/property/aspect x3 /:/ /=/ ranxi (rax) &irregular, x1 of vitci *irregular, x1 is |/occasional/intermittent in property/action/aspect x2 /:/ /=/ vitci (vit) &irregularity, x2 of vitci *irritates, x1 (event) annoys/|/bothers/distracts x2 /:/ [also: is disruptive to] /=/ fanza (faz) *irritating (| to sense), x1 is pungent/piquant/peppery/spicy/| to sense x2 /:/ [also prickly (= pe'urcpina)] /=/ cpina &is characterized, x1 of ckaji &is hit, x2 of darxi &is in order, x1 of porsi &is it, x1 of broda &is it, x1 of brode &is it, x1 of brodi &is it, x1 of brodo &is it, x1 of brodu &is moaned, x2 of cmoni &is put, x2 of punji &is sore, x2 of cortu &is spread from, x3 of preja &is spread to, x2 of preja &is ten of, x2 of decti &is voiced, x2 of bacru &Islamic aspect, x2 of muslo &Islamic, x1 of muslo @Islamic, see also "Moslem" *Islamic, x1 pertains to the |/Moslem/Koranic [Quranic] culture/religion/nation in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ muslo (mus) &island material, x2 of daplu &island, x1 of daplu &island, contain | x3 of daplu *island, x1 is an |/atoll/key of [material/properties] x2 in surroundings/body x3; x1 is insular /:/ /=/ daplu (plu) *isn't, x1 | the-same-thing-as/is different-from/other-than x2 by standard x3; x1 is something else /:/ /=/ drata (dat) &isotope, x3 of ratni *isotope, x3 of: x1 is an atom of element/atomic number x2 of | number/atomic weight x3 /:/ /=/ ratni (rat) *Israeli, x1 reflects Hebrew/Jewish/| culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ xebro (xeb bro) *issue (| fought over), x3 of: x1 fights/combats/struggles with x2 over | x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combatant /:/ [use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective] /=/ damba (dab da'a) *issue (| opined about), x3 of: x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/| x3 on grounds x4 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jinvi (jiv ji'i) &issue coin, x2 of sicni &issue money, x2 of jdini &issue passport, x3 of jaspu *issued (of a passport), x1 is a passport | to x2 (person) by authority x3 allowing x4 (activity) /:/ /=/ jaspu (jap) *issued (of money), x1 is money/currency | by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fiscal /:/ ['currency' sometimes is restricted to paper money (= pledi'i)] /=/ jdini (din di'i) *issued (of specie/coins/tokens), x1 is a coin/token/is specie | by x2 having value x3 of composition including x4 /:/ /=/ sicni (si'i) *issues (| commands/orders), x1 | commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur /:/ [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) *item (| of value), x1 (ni) is the equivalent value/worth of x2 [|(s) of value] to x3 for use/appreciation x4 /:/ [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva'i for reordered places); merit reward (= nemselva'i); receive merited reward (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erva'i, po'erselva'i for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vamji (vam va'i) &item in sequenced set, ordinal | x1 of # moi &item, use for repaired | x3 of cikre &its future, thing having in | x2 of balvi &its past, thing having in | x2 of purci *ivory, x1 is a/the bone/| [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium] /:/ [x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le ); cartilage/gristle (= ranbo'u), skeleton (= bo'urgreku)] /=/ bongu (bog bo'u) *jabs, x1 (object, usually pointed) pokes/|/stabs/prods x2 (experiencer) /:/ [agentive (= tungau, tunzu'e)] /=/ tunta (tun) *jackass, x1 is a donkey/| of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ xasli *jacket, x1 is a coat/|/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ kosta (kos) *jaguar, x1 is a tiger/leopard/|/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with coat markings x3 /:/ [a great cat noted/recognized by its markings, metaphorically: stripes, tiger markings] /=/ tirxu &Japanese aspect, x2 of ponjo &Japanese, x1 of ponjo *Japanese, x1 reflects | culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ ponjo (pon po'o) *jar, x1 is a bottle/|/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4 /:/ /=/ botpi (bot bo'i) &jaw, x1 of xedja &jaw, thing having | x2 of xedja *jaw, x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ xedja (xej xe'a) &jealous, x1 of jilra *jealous, x1 (person) is | of/envies x2 (person) about/for x3 (property - ka) /:/ /=/ jilra &jealousy, object of | x2 of jilra &jealousy, reason for | x3 of jilra *Jehovah, x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Muslim culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jegvo (jeg je'o) &Jehovist aspect, x2 of jegvo &Jehovist, x1 of jegvo *Jehovist, x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Muslim culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jegvo (jeg je'o) *jell, x1 freezes/|-s/solidifies at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ /=/ dunja (duj) *jells, x1 freezes/|/solidifies at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ /=/ dunja (duj) &jelly composition, x2 of jduli &jelly, x1 of jduli *jelly, x1 is a quantity of |/semisolid [texture] of material/composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is gelatinous] /=/ jduli (dul jdu) &jet material, x2 of jetce &jet of a rocket, x2 of jakne &jet, x1 of jetce &jet, expel | x3 of jetce *jet, x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by | expelling x2 carrying payload x3 /:/ /=/ jakne *jet, x1 is a | [expelled stream] of material x2 expelled from x3 /:/ /=/ jetce (je'e) &jewel source, x3 of jemna &jewel type, x2 of jemna *jewel, x1 is a gem/polished stone/pearl of type x2 from gemstone/material/source x3 /:/ [also | (= jmeja'i); gemstone (= x2, x3, or jmero'i, jmekunra); pearl (= selcakyjme - a gem found inside a shell, tercakyjme - a gem made of shell material, boijme - any ball-shaped gem), mother-of-pearl (= cakyjme)] /=/ jemna (jme) *Jewish, x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Muslim culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jegvo (jeg je'o) *Jewish, x1 reflects Hebrew/|/Israeli culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ xebro (xeb bro) &job, x1 of jibri &job, thing having | x2 of jibri *job, x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity) /:/ [also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; | (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna *job, x1 is a |/occupation/employment/vocation (a type of work regularly done for pay) of person x2 /:/ [working for another (= selplijibri)] /=/ jibri (jib) *joined (of family members into a family), x1 or x2 of: x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 bonded/tied/| according to standard x3 /:/ [also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places), relative of (= lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)] /=/ lanzu (laz) &joined at shoulder, x2 of janco &joined to, x2 of jorne &joined, x1 of jorne *joined, x1 is | to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union /:/ [also |/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of | objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)] /=/ jorne (jon jo'e) *joint (attachment of extremity, shoulder), x1 is a/the shoulder/hip/| [body-part] attaching limb/extremity x2 to body x3 /:/ /=/ janco (jan) *joint (hinged |, such as knee/elbow), x1 is a/the knee/elbow/knuckle [hinged |, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3 /:/ [metaphor: a sharp bend/curve] /=/ cidni (cid) *joint (place of attachment), x3 of: x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union /:/ [also joined/fastened/attached by | x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)] /=/ jorne (jon jo'e) *joint (point of attachment of hanging object), x3 of: x1 hangs/dangles/is suspended from x2 by/at/with | x3 /:/ [pendant (= dadja'i); also dependent (original meaning)] /=/ dandu (dad) &joint, x3 of jorne *jointly (of a mass), x1 is a mass/team/aggregate/whole, together composed of components x2, considered | /:/ [A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) displayed by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individual set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily relevant to the mass property implicit in this bridi] /=/ gunma (gum) *jointly available (of things public), x1 is public/un-hidden/open/| to/owned by all among community x2 (mass) /:/ /=/ gubni (gub) &jointly, x1 of gunma &Jordanian aspect, x2 of jordo &Jordanian, x1 of jordo *Jordanian, x1 reflects | culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jordo (jor jo'o) &journal subject, x2 of karni &journal, x1 of karni &journal, genre of a | x2 of karni &journal, publisher of a | x3 of karni &journal, receive | x4 of karni *journal, x1 is a |/periodical/magazine/[newspaper] with content x2 published by x3 for audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a subject, but not all journals have a single subject; all have some sort of principle defining what is included, so this need not be a list] /=/ karni *journeys (comes/goes), x1 comes/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 /:/ [also travels, |, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ klama (kla) *journeys (travels via route), x1 travels/|/goes/moves via route x2 using means/vehicle x3; x1 is a traveller /:/ (x2 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly) /=/ litru (li'u) *jubilee, x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 /:/ [also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), | (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year] /=/ citsi *Judeo-Christian, x1 pertains to the common |-Muslim culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jegvo (jeg je'o) *judge (one who arbitrates/judges), x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a | determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) *judge (| holding accountable), x3 of: x1 is responsible/accountable for x2 (action/resulting state) to |/authority x3 /:/ /=/ fuzme (fuz fu'e) &judge, x1 of pajni &judgement subject, x2 of pajni *judgements, x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/| (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) *judges (| determining a punishable crime), x2 of: x1 (event/state) is a punishable crime/[taboo/sin] to people/culture/|/jury x2 /:/ [taboo (= kluzei, cacyzei); sin (= madzei, jdamadzei); heresy (= jdazei)] /=/ zekri (zer zei) *judges, x1 |/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) &juice source, x2 of jisra &juice, x1 of jisra *juice, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of |/nectar from-source/of-type x2 /:/ [water-based extract from a (generally) biological source] /=/ jisra *jumps, x1 (agent/object) leaps/|/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 /:/ [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression] /=/ plipe (pip pi'e) *junior, x1 is young/youthful [relatively short in elapsed duration] by standard x2 /:/ [also age (= nilnalci'o); (adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ citno (cit ci'o) *jury (deciding a matter), x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); | (= pairkamni), serve on a | (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) *jury (determining a crime), x1 (event/state) is a punishable crime/[taboo/sin] to people/culture/judges/| x2 /:/ [taboo (= kluzei, cacyzei); sin (= madzei, jdamadzei); heresy (= jdazei)] /=/ zekri (zer zei) *justification, x1 (event/state) is a reason/|/explanation for/causing/permitting x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ krinu (rin ki'u) &justified, x2 of krinu *jute, x1 is a quantity of hemp/marijuana/| of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ marna *juvenile, x1 is a child/kid/| [a young person] of age x2, immature by standard x3 /:/ [not necessarily human] /=/ verba (ver ve'a) *keen, x1 is sharp/| at locus x2 /:/ /=/ kinli (kil) &keep private, x2 of sivni *keeper, x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) /:/ [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a |/custodian of x2] /=/ kurji (kuj ku'i) *keeps (prevents), x1 prevents/|/stops/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring /:/ /=/ fanta *keeps (restrains), x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 |/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) *keeps (retains), x1 retains/|/holds x2 in its possession /:/ /=/ ralte (ra'e) *keeps (takes care of, looks after), x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) /:/ [also tends, cares for, |; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2] /=/ kurji (kuj ku'i) *keeps (| secret), x1 | x2 secret/hidden from x3 by method x4; x2 is a secret; x1 hides/conceals x2 /:/ [intransitive hidden/secret, without an agent (= selcri or nalterju'o); secret (= selmipri)] /=/ mipri (mip) &kelvin standard, x3 of kelvo &kelvin, x1 of kelvo &Kelvin, temperature in | x2 of kelvo *Kelvin, x1 is x2 degree(s) | [metric unit] in temperature (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ kelvo (ke'o) *kelvin, x1 is x2 |-s/degree(s) Kelvin [metric unit] in temperature (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ kelvo (ke'o) &kelvins, number of | x2 of kelvo &kept secret from, x3 of mipri &kept secret, x2 of mipri &kept, x2 of ralte *kept, x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/| by restraint x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) *kernel (| of nut), x4 of: x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-shelled fruit] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and | x4 /:/ [also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)] /=/ narge (nag) &kernel, nut | x4 of narge *kettle, x1 is a pot/|/urn/tub/sink, a deep container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ patxu (pax) &key property, x3 of ckiku &key, x1 of ckiku &key, thing opened by | x2 of ckiku *key, x1 is a | fitting/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3 /:/ [also x2 fastener, mechanism; code | (= termifckiku, ckitermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of |, but are those form properties of the | that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal | to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth] /=/ ckiku (kik) *key, x1 is an island/atoll/| of [material/properties] x2 in surroundings/body x3; x1 is insular /:/ /=/ daplu (plu) *keyboard, x1 is a piano/harpsichord/synthesizer/organ; a | musical instrument /:/ /=/ pipno (pi'o) &kick, x1 of tikpa *kick, x1 |-s [hits with x1's foot/feet x4] x2 in/at locus x3, using x1's foot/feet x4 /:/ /=/ tikpa (tip) &kicked locus, x3 of tikpa &kicked, x2 of tikpa &kicked, x3 of tikpa *kicks, x1 | [hits with x1's foot/feet x4] x2 in/at locus x3, using x1's foot/feet x4 /:/ /=/ tikpa (tip) *kid (juvenile), x1 is a child/|/juvenile [a young person] of age x2, immature by standard x3 /:/ [not necessarily human] /=/ verba (ver ve'a) *kid (offspring), x1 is a [biological] offspring/child/|/hybrid of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is filial /:/ /=/ panzi (paz) *kid (young goat), x1 is a goat/angora/[billy-goat/|] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ kanba *kill, x1 (agent) |-s/slaughters/murders x2 by action/method x3 /:/ /=/ catra &killed, thing | x2 of catra &killer, x1 of catra &killing method, x3 of catra *kills, x1 (agent) |/slaughters/murders x2 by action/method x3 /:/ /=/ catra *kilo- (metric prefix), x1 is a thousand [1000; 1x10**3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ kilto (ki'o) *kilt, x1 is a skirt/|/dress of material x2; x1 is skirted [garment open at the bottom; not legged] /:/ [a skirted garment may be full length (pastu), but must hang below the waist from support above or at the waist] /=/ skaci &kin, x1 of tamne &kin, x2 of tamne &kind behavior, x3 of xendo &kind of chemical, x2 of xukmi &kind, x1 of xendo *kind, x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) /:/ [also type, |, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum] /=/ klesi (kle lei) *kind, x1 (person) is | to x2 in actions/behavior x3 /:/ /=/ xendo (xed xe'o) &kindling temperature, x2 of jelca &kindness, object of | x2 of xendo *kine, x1 is a cow/cattle/|/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ bakni (bak) *king, x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); |/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) &kiss, x1 of cinba *kiss, x1 (agent) |-es/busses x2 at locus x3 /:/ /=/ cinba &kissed, x2 of cinba &kissed, place | x3 of cinba &kisser, x1 of cinba *kisses, x1 (agent) |/busses x2 at locus x3 /:/ /=/ cinba *kitten, x1 is a cat/[puss/pussy/|] [feline animal] of species/breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is feline /:/ /=/ mlatu (lat) &knee, x1 of cidni &knee, thing having | x3 of cidni *knee, x1 is a/the |/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3 /:/ [metaphor: a sharp bend/curve] /=/ cidni (cid) &knew, limb with | x2 of cidni &knife material, x3 of dakfu &knife, x1 of dakfu &knife, cut by | x2 of dakfu *knife, x1 is a | (tool) for cutting x2, with blade of material x3 /:/ /=/ dakfu (dak) &knit, x1 of nivji *knit, x1 (agent) |-s x2 [cloth/object] from yarn/thread x3 /:/ /=/ nivji (niv) *knits, x1 (agent) | x2 [cloth/object] from yarn/thread x3 /:/ /=/ nivji (niv) &knitted, x2 of nivji &knitting yarn, x3 of nivji *knob, x1 is a button/|/[handle] on/for item x2, with purpose x3, made of material x4 /:/ /=/ batke &knobbed, x2 of batke *knobbed, x1 is a button/knob/[handle] on/for |/knobby x2, with purpose x3, made of material x4 /:/ /=/ batke &knobby, x2 of batke *knobby, x1 is a button/knob/[handle] on/for knobbed/| x2, with purpose x3, made of material x4 /:/ /=/ batke &knot, x1 of jgena *knot, x1 is a |/tangle in/between x2 (object/jo'u-objects) /:/ [| (verb = jgegau, jgezu'e, jgeri'a, jgela'a), |: fastening between two or more cords (= jgeterjo'e)] /=/ jgena (jge) &knotted, x2 of jgena *know (assertion as claim of knowledge), x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] /:/ [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to | that x2] /=/ xusra (xus xu'a) *know (colloquial), x1 sees/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, |"] /=/ viska (vis vi'a) *know (in the |), x2 of : x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden /:/ [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the |/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)] /=/ sivni (siv) *know how to (and having the capability), x1 is able to do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state) /:/ [also: has talent; | how to; | how to use (= plika'e)] /=/ kakne (ka'e) *know how to (not necessarily with capability), x1 knows fact(s) x2 (du'u) about subject x3 by epistemology x4 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place; | - implying knowledge of method but not necessarily having the ability to practice (= tadjyju'o)] (cf. |/familiar with: se slabu, na'e cnino, na'e fange; also cf. cmavo list du'o, cilre, certu, facki, jijnu, jimpe, senpi, smadi, kakne, birti, mipri, morji, saske) /=/ djuno (jun ju'o) &know, x1 of djuno &know, x2 of slabu *knowledge (body of |), x1 (mass of facts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on methodology x3 /:/ [not limited to science as derived by the scientific method, but pertaining to any body of usually-coherent | garnered/gathered/assembled by a consistent methodology] /=/ saske (ske) *known (familiar), x1 is old/familiar/well-| to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [This can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also ancient (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)] /=/ slabu (sau) *known (renowned/famous), x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2 (mass) /:/ [also celebrated/well-|; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)] /=/ misno (mis mi'o) &known, x2 of djuno &known, subject | x3 of djuno *knows facts, x1 | fact(s) x2 (du'u) about subject x3 by epistemology x4 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place; know how to - implying knowledge of method but not necessarily having the ability to practice (= tadjyju'o)] /=/ djuno (jun ju'o) *knows of (is aware/conscious of), x1 is conscious/aware of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/recognizes x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also: x1 | [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies some amount of mental processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, and may also be applied to mental relationships that are not detected by the senses] /=/ sanji (saj) *knuckle, x1 is a/the knee/elbow/| [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3 /:/ [metaphor: a sharp bend/curve] /=/ cidni (cid) *kobold, x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/| [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) *kopeck, x1 is measured in |/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) *Koranic, x1 pertains to the Islamic/Moslem/| [Quranic] culture/religion/nation in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ muslo (mus) &label information, x3 of tcita &label, x1 of tcita *label, x1 is a |/tag of x2 showing information x3 /:/ /=/ tcita &labeled, x2 of tcita *labelling (of a descriptor), x1 is an article/descriptor | description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantics x4 /:/ [x2 is the noun phrase/sumti without the article/descriptor; description ((x1 with x2) = gadysu'i); note: 'determiner' has become the accepted general linguistics term, displacing 'article'; however, 'determiner' includes all words that can introduce a noun phrase/sumti, whether a description or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (especially in indefinites) like ci and su'o, and demonstratives like ti, ta, and tu; the term 'descriptor' in Lojban, is limited to words that introduce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma'o LA and LE, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; 'article' typically refers only to a single word; Lojban assumes the broader meaning] /=/ gadri (gad) *labial, x1 is a/the lip [body-part]/rim of orifice x2 of body x3; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ /=/ ctebi (teb) %laborer (labor - event), x1 is an event of x2 [person] laboring/working on/at x3 [activity] with goal/objective x4 /:/ [also: x2 is a worker/|] /=/ nungu'a *laborer, x1 [person] labors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3 /:/ [also: x1 is a worker/|] /=/ gunka (gun gu'a) %laboring (labor - event), x1 is an event of x2 [person] |/working on/at x3 [activity] with goal/objective x4 /:/ [also: x2 is a worker/laborer] /=/ nungu'a *labors, x1 [person] |/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3 /:/ [also: x1 is a worker/laborer] /=/ gunka (gun gu'a) *lack, x1 is without/|-ing/free of/|-s x2; x1 is x2-less /:/ /=/ claxu (cau) &lacked, thing that is | x2 of claxu *lacking illumination, x1 is dark/| in illumination /:/ /=/ manku (man) &lacking, x1 of claxu *lacking, x1 is poor/indigent/impoverished/| in goods/possessions/property x2 /:/ x2 is scanty/meager for x1 /=/ pindi (pid) *lacking, x1 is without/|/free of/lacks x2; x1 is x2-less /:/ /=/ claxu (cau) *lacks, x1 is without/lacking/free of/| x2; x1 is x2-less /:/ /=/ claxu (cau) *lactic, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of milk from source x2; (adjective:) x1 is |/dairy /:/ /=/ ladru (lad) *lactose, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, |, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (sakybasti, basysakta, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ sakta (sat) *lad, x1 is a boy/| [young male person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)] /=/ nanla *lagoon, x1 is a lake/|/pool at site/within land mass x2 /:/ /=/ lalxu (la'u) *lair, x1 is a nest/house/|/den/[home] of/for x2 /:/ [home (= tercnizda), house (constructed building) (= zdadi'u)] /=/ zdani (zda) &lake, x1 of lalxu &lake, thing having | x2 of lalxu *lake, x1 is a |/lagoon/pool at site/within land mass x2 /:/ /=/ lalxu (la'u) *lamb, x1 is a sheep/[|/ewe/ram] of species/breed x2 of flock x3 /:/ /=/ lanme (lan) %lamp (furniture), possible metaphors include light_source-furniture (gusni'e) *lamp (light source), x3 of: x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3 /:/ [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with light/illumination x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); light/| (= tergu'i)] /=/ gusni (gus gu'i) *land (country), x1 is the country of peoples x2 with |/territory x3; (people/territory relationship) /:/ [also sovereignty, domestic (as opposed to foreign), nation (when not referring to ethos)] /=/ gugde (gug gu'e) *land (terrain), x1 is a parcel/expanse of | at location x2; x1 is terrain /:/ (cf. tutra, which need not be |) /=/ tumla (tum tu'a) *land (territory), x1 is territory/domain/space/| of/belonging to/controlled by x2 /:/ /=/ tutra (tut) &land location, x2 of tumla *land mass (location of a river), x1 is a river of | x2, draining watershed x3 into x4/terminating at x4 /:/ /=/ rirxe (ri'e) *land mass (surrounding lake), x1 is a lake/lagoon/pool at site/within | x2 /:/ /=/ lalxu (la'u) *land mass (surrounding mountain/hill), x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from | x2 /:/ /=/ cmana (ma'a) &land owner, x2 of tutra *land reserve, x1 is a park/| managed by community/polity/company x2 for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ panka &land, x1 of tumla &landlord, x2 of tutra &landmass with river, x2 of rirxe *lane, x1 is a street/avenue/|/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 /:/ [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it] /=/ klaji (laj) &language community, x2 of bangu &language word, structure | x4 of cmavo &language, x1 of bangu &language, affix | x4 of rafsi &language, article | x3 of gadri &language, grammar | x2 of gerna &language, people with | x2 of bangu &language, phrase | x5 of tanru &language, rhyme | x3 of rimni &language, sentence | x3 of jufra &language, source | x4 of fanva &language, spoken | x4 of tavla &language, syllable | x2 of slaka &language, talk | x4 of tavla &language, target | x3 of fanva &language, word | x3 of valsi *language, x1 is a/the |/dialect used by x2 to express/communicate x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote) /:/ [also tongue] /=/ bangu (ban bau) *lanolin (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 is a sheep/[lamb/ewe/ram] of species/breed x2 of flock x3 /:/ /=/ lanme (lan) %lanolin, x1 is a quantity of |/wool oil /=/ sulgrasu *large, x1 is big/| in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3 /:/ /=/ barda (bra) *lash, x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches/[|-es] x2 to x3 with fastener x4 /:/ [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached] /=/ lasna (la'a) *lash, x1 whips/|-es/snaps [a sudden violent motion] /:/ /=/ bikla (bik) *lashes (whips), x1 whips/|/snaps [a sudden violent motion] /:/ /=/ bikla (bik) *lashes, x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches/[|] x2 to x3 with fastener x4 /:/ [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached] /=/ lasna (la'a) *last (final), x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] /:/ [x1 is final/|/at the |; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)] /=/ fanmo (fam fa'o) *last month, x1 is x2 months in duration (default is 1 month) by month standard x3 /:/ [this month (= cabma'i); next month (= bavylamyma'i); | (= prulamyma'i)] /=/ masti (ma'i) *last night, x1 is a nighttime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is at night/nocturnal /:/ [tonight (= cabycte); tomorrow night (= bavlamcte, even when tonight is still in the future); | (= prulamcte)] /=/ nicte (cte) *last week, x1 is x2 weeks in duration (default is 1 week) by standard x3 /:/ [re. x3, a week may be more or less than seven days, classically being tied to the time between trips to the marketplace; this week (= cabjeftu); next week (= bavlamjeftu); | (= prulamjeftu)] /=/ jeftu (jef) *last year, x1 is x2 years in duration (default is 1 year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual /:/ [this year (= cabna'a); next year (= bavlamna'a); | (= prulamna'a)] /=/ nanca (na'a) &lasting in hours, interval | x1 of cacra *lasting, x1 is permanent/|/[eternal] in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [time-span/expectant one] /:/ [also everlasting] /=/ vitno (vi'o) *lasts (remains), x1 remains/stays at/abides/| with x2 /:/ /=/ stali (sta) *lasts (survives), x1 survives/endures/undergoes/abides/|/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 /:/ [also | out, withstands; x1 persists/| for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable] /=/ renvi (rev re'i) &lasts in minutes, x1 of mentu &lasts in months, x1 of masti &lasts in weeks, x1 of jeftu &lasts in years, x1 of nanca &late, x1 of lerci *late, x1 (event) is | by standard x2 /:/ /=/ lerci (lec) &lateness standard, x2 of lerci *later, x1 is in the future of/| than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) *lateral (to the side), x1 is to the side of/| to x2 and facing x3 from point of view/in-frame-of-reference x4 /:/ (cf. crane, trixe, pritu, zunle, which differ in that the direction of facing is the front and not the | side. The x4 of mlana may be either the front, or back side of x2, korbi) /=/ mlana (mla) *lateral (wing as metaphor for | structure), x1 is a/the wing [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: | supporting surface] /:/ /=/ nalci (na'i) *lateral (| segment subtending an angle), x3 of: x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by | [segment] x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)] /=/ jganu (jga) *latex, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of rubber/| from source x2 of composition including x3 /:/ /=/ ckabu *Latin (pertaining to the Roman Empire, and the common culture of those speaking Romance languages), x1 reflects |/Roman/Romance culture/empire/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ latmo (la'o) *Latin (| America), x1 reflects Hispano-American culture/nationalities in aspect x2 /:/ [refers to Spanish-speaking |-American countries, not Brazil/Guyana] /=/ xispo (xip) &Latin aspect, x2 of latmo &Latin, x1 of latmo *latter (having a past/former), x2 of: x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is | /:/ [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fa'opru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mu'opru)] /=/ purci (pur pru) *latter (in the future of), x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is |; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) *latter (preceded in a sequence), x2 of: x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is |/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) &laugh, x1 of cmila *laugh, x1 |-s (emotional expression) /:/ [x1 |-s at x2 (= mi'afra)] /=/ cmila (mi'a) &laugher, x1 of cmila *laughs, x1 | (emotional expression) /:/ [x1 | at x2 (= mi'afra)] /=/ cmila (mi'a) &launch propulsion, x3 of cecla &launched, x2 of cecla *launcher (device), x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] /:/ [also: x1 is a gun/|/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) *launcher (| firing ballistic projectile), x2 of: x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling |] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) &launcher, x1 of cecla &launcher, projectile | x2 of danti *launches (fires, of a device), x1 |/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] /:/ [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) *launches (throws), x1 throws/|/casts/hurls x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally to x1) /:/ , danti) /=/ renro (rer re'o) *law (basis of marriage), x1 is married to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under |/custom/tradition/system/convention x3 /:/ /=/ speni (spe) *law (basis of possession), x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under |/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3 /:/ (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent) /=/ ponse (pos po'e) *law (enforced), x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing |(s)/rule(s)/order x2 /:/ [police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)] /=/ pulji &law, x1 of flalu &law, x2 of pulji &law, community with | x3 of flalu &law, conditions for | x4 of flalu &law, regulated by | x2 of flalu &law, specified by | x2 of flalu *law, x1 is a | specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5 /:/ [x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/licit/legalized/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)] /=/ flalu (fla) *lawgiver, x5 of: x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by |(s) x5 /:/ [x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/licit/legalized/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)] /=/ flalu (fla) *lawn, x1 is a blade/expanse of grass of species x2 /:/ [|/meadow (= sasfoi)] /=/ srasu (sas) *lawn, x1 is a field [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad uniform expanse of x2 /:/ [also woods (= ricfoi), |/meadow (= sasfoi), brush (= spafoi, cicyspafoi)] /=/ foldi (flo foi) &layer, x1 of senta @layer, see also "sandwich" *layer, x1 is a |/stratum [shape/form] of x2 [material] within structure/continuum/composite x3 /:/ /=/ senta (set) &layered material, x2 of senta &layered structure, x3 of senta *layering, x1 is a sandwich/| [not restricted to food] of x2 sandwiched between x3 /:/ /=/ snuji (nuj) *layout (a plan describing a structure), x2 of: x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or | of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) *layout (a structure for which a plan exists), x3 of: x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or | of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) &lazy, x1 of lazni *lazy, x1 (person) is |/avoiding work/effort concerning action x2 /:/ /=/ lazni &lead by, x2 of ralju &lead crew, x3 of bende &lead, x1 of cnisa &lead, x2 of gidva &lead, pencil | x2 of pinsi *lead, x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying |/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 /:/ [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)] /=/ pinsi (pis) *lead, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | (Pb); [metaphor: heavy, malleable, soft metal] /:/ /=/ cnisa (nis) *leader (commander), x1 is captain/commander/|/in-charge of vehicle/domain x2 /:/ /=/ jatna (ja'a) *leader (principal/main), x1 is principal/chief/|/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal | (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) &leader of a team, x3 of bende *leader, x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x1 is a |/predecessor x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) *leading, x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; |, as in '| indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) *leads (guides), x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/| x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) *leads (precedes), x1 precedes/| x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) *leaf (page), x1 is a [physical] page/| of book/document/bound mass of pages x2 /:/ [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)] /=/ papri *leaf (tobacco), x1 is a quantity of tobacco [|] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ tanko *leaf (| of plant), x1 is a | of plant x2; x1 is foliage of x2 /:/ /=/ pezli (pez) &leaf, x1 of pezli *leafy vegetable, x1 is a quantity of cabbage/lettuce/| of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ kobli (kob ko'i) &leafy, x2 of pezli *lean, x1 is thin/|/not thick in direction/dimension x2 by standard x3; [relatively short in smallest dimension] /:/ /=/ cinla &leap height, x4 of plipe &leap, x1 of plipe &leap, destination of a | x2 of plipe &leap, propulsion for | x5 of plipe &leap, starting point of a | x3 of plipe *leap, x1 (agent/object) |-s/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 /:/ [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression] /=/ plipe (pip pi'e) &leaped from, x3 of plipe &leaped to, x2 of plipe *leaps, x1 (agent/object) |/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 /:/ [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression] /=/ plipe (pip pi'e) &learn, x1 of cilre *learn, x1 |-s x2 (du'u) about subject x3 from source x4 (object/event) by method x5 (event/process) /:/ /=/ cilre (cli) &learned about, subject | x3 of cilre &learned, x2 of cilre &learner, x1 of cilre &learning method, x5 of cilre &learning source, x4 of cilre *learns, x1 | x2 (du'u) about subject x3 from source x4 (object/event) by method x5 (event/process) /:/ /=/ cilre (cli) @least, see "bad", "superlative" @least, see "superlative", "less" *leather, x1 is a pelt/skin/hide/| from x2 /:/ /=/ skapi (kap) &leave waste, x2 of festi &leave, x1 of cliva *leave, x1 |-s/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 /:/ [also: x1 leaves behind/takes | of x2] /=/ cliva (liv li'a) &leaved, x2 of pezli *leaves (departs), x1 |/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 /:/ [also: x1 | behind/takes leave of x2] /=/ cliva (liv li'a) *leaves (vanishes/disappears), x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3 /:/ [also |, goes away (one sense)] /=/ canci *leaves (| brewed into tea), x2 of: x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of tea brewed from | x2 /:/ /=/ tcati *leaves (| to go to), x1 comes/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 /:/ [also travels, journeys, moves, | to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ klama (kla) &leaves, tea | x2 of tcati *leaving (of a remainder after dividing), x4 of: x1 is a quotient of 'x2/x3' [dividend x2 divided by divisor x3], | remainder x4 /:/ /=/ dilcu *leaving (result after subtraction/removal), x4 of: x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/| result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) &leaving, route of | x3 of cliva &Lebanese aspect, x2 of lubno &Lebanese, x1 of lubno *Lebanese, x1 reflects | culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ lubno (lu'o) *led, x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/| by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) *ledge, x1 is a balcony/overhang/|/shelf of building/structure x2 /:/ /=/ balni @left (behind), consider metaphors "not-retained" (= nalselra'e), "previous-lost" (= pruselcri) *left (to the |), x1 is to the |/|-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ zunle (zul) *left (to waste), x1(s) is/are waste product(s) [| to waste] by x2 (event/activity) /:/ [also shit, crap; agentive wasting (= fesygau, fesyzu'e)] /=/ festi (fes) &left behind, x2 of cliva &left, x1 of zunle &left, x2 of pritu &left, frame for | x3 of zunle &left, thing having to the | x2 of zunle *leg (body part), x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting branch] /:/ /=/ tuple (tup tu'e) *leg (garment part), x1 is a length of tubing/pipe/hollow cylinder [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of material x3 /:/ [also sleeve, |, hose, (adjective:) tubular] /=/ tubnu (tu'u) *leg (garment), x1 is a sock/stocking [flexible foot and lower | garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ smoka (smo) &leg, x1 of tuple &leg, x3 of jubme &leg, thing having | x2 of tuple *legal (pertaining to ritual, formal), x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 /:/ [also: x1 is formal, [|]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs /=/ ritli (ri'i) *legal (pertaining to the law, licit), x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5 /:/ [x1 is a legality; x2 is |/licit/legalized/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)] /=/ flalu (fla) *legality, x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5 /:/ [x1 is a |; x2 is legal/licit/legalized/a | (= selfla for reordered places)] /=/ flalu (fla) *legalized, x2 of: x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5 /:/ [x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/licit/|/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)] /=/ flalu (fla) *legend (myth), x1 is a myth/|, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4 /:/ [also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures of story/myth/|/religion, e.g. dragon (these animals are ramda'u); fairy tale (= veryranmi)] /=/ ranmi (ram) *legend (story/tale), x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also |; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author] /=/ lisri (lis) &legend, x3 of tcita *legged (having legs), x2 of: x1 is a/the leg [body-part] of | x2; [metaphor: supporting branch] /:/ /=/ tuple (tup tu'e) *legged garment, x1 are pants/trousers/slacks/leggings [| garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ palku (pak) &legged, x2 of tuple *leggings, x1 are pants/trousers/slacks/| [legged garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ palku (pak) &legislate, x5 of flalu &legislature, x5 of flalu *legs (| of table), x1 is a table/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by |/base/pedestal x3 /:/ /=/ jubme (jub jbu) *legume, x1 is a bean/pea/leguminous seed from plant [|] x2 /:/ /=/ dembi (deb) &leguminous plant, x2 of dembi *leguminous, x1 is a bean/pea/| seed from plant [legume] x2 /:/ /=/ dembi (deb) &lend, x3 of jbera &lender, x3 of jbera *length (wave-|), x1 is a wave [periodic pattern] in medium x2, wave-form x3, wave-| x4, frequency x5 /:/ /=/ boxna (bon bo'a) &length direction, x2 of clani &length standard, x3 of clani &length, x2 of tordu *length, x1 is x2 meter(s) [metric unit] in | (default is 1) measured in direction x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ mitre (tre) &length/width/height in short units, x2 of gutci &lens material, x4 of lenjo &lens, x1 of lenjo &lens, focus of | x3 of lenjo &lens, image focussed by | x2 of lenjo *lens, x1 is a |/glass [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to focus/foci x3 by means/material x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is optical; focussing may be optical or otherwise, hence x2 which may be light, sound, X-ray, etc., default is light/optical |; ka is refraction] /=/ lenjo (len le'o) *leopard, x1 is a tiger/|/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with coat markings x3 /:/ [a great cat noted/recognized by its markings, metaphorically: stripes, tiger markings] /=/ tirxu *less (lacking), x1 is without/lacking/free of/lacks x2; x1 is x2-| /:/ /=/ claxu (cau) *less (| than), x1 is | than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount x4 /:/ [also negative (= nonme'a)] /=/ mleca (mec me'a) &less, x1 of mleca &less, x2 of zmadu &less, thing having as | x2 of mleca &lessness margin, x4 of mleca &lessness property, x3 of mleca &let, x1 of curmi *lets, x1 (agent) |/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2 /:/ [sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits a situation (= tcinycru)] /=/ curmi (cru) *letter (correspondence), x1 is a |/missive/[note] to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with content x4 /:/ (cf. notci, which has places in a different order; the emphasis in xatra is on the communication between author and recipient, and not the content, which in a | may not easily be categorized to a 'subject') /=/ xatra (xa'a) *letter (symbol in alphabet), x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a |/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 /:/ [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol] /=/ lerfu (ler le'u) &letter addressee, x2 of xatra &letter author, x3 of xatra &letter content, x4 of xatra &letter, x1 of xatra &letter-writer, x3 of xatra &letteral, x1 of lerfu &letteral, signified by | x3 of lerfu *letteral, x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 /:/ [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "|" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol] /=/ lerfu (ler le'u) *lettuce, x1 is a quantity of cabbage/|/leafy vegetable of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ kobli (kob ko'i) *level (horizontal), x1 is flat/|/horizontal in gravity/frame of reference x2 /:/ /=/ pinta (pin) *level (magnitude on a scale), x1 [magnitude] is a unit/degree of/on scale/reference standard x2 (si'o) measuring property x3 /:/ [also grade, |, point; x3 dimension] /=/ gradu (rau) *level (planar), x1 is a plane [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth] /:/ [also: x1 is even/planar/|]; (x2 is a set of points at least sufficient to define the plane) /=/ plita (pit) *level (| of a building), x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2 /:/ [floor/|/story of a building/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)] /=/ loldi (lol loi) &level, x1 of pinta &levelness, frame for | x2 of pinta &lever arm, x4 of vraga &lever fulcrum, x3 of vraga &lever, x1 of vraga &lever, function with | x2 of vraga *lever, x1 is a | [tool] [of apparatus] for doing x2 [function/action], with fulcrum x3 and arm x4 /:/ /=/ vraga (vra) *levied (of a tax), x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 | against x3 by authority/collector x4 /:/ [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] /=/ cteki (tek ce'i) &levity, x1 of xalbo &levity, object of | x2 of xalbo *levity, x1 uses |/is non-serious/frivolous about x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ xalbo &levy tax, x4 of cteki *levy, x1 is a tax/|/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4 /:/ [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] /=/ cteki (tek ce'i) *liberty (at |), x1 is free/at | to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2] /=/ zifre (zif zi'e) @liberty, consider metaphor "(ka)-free" (= kamzi'e) &Libyan aspect, x2 of libjo &Libyan, x1 of libjo *Libyan, x1 reflects | culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ libjo (lib) *lichen, x1 is a moss/| of species/strain x2 growing on x3 /:/ /=/ clika *licit, x2 of: x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5 /:/ [x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/|/legalized/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)] /=/ flalu (fla) *lid (container), x1 is a bottle/jar/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with | x4 /:/ /=/ botpi (bot bo'i) *lid (cover), x1 is a cover/[|/top] for covering/concealing/sheltering x2 /:/ /=/ gacri (gai) *lid (roof/top), x1 is a roof/top/ceiling/| of x2 /:/ over/above something and shelters it from other things above the drudi, mapku) /=/ drudi (rud dru) &lid, x4 of botpi *lie (deception), x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); |/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white | (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) *lie (fiction), x1 is a work of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3 /:/ [also story, |, untrue] /=/ cfika (fik fi'a) *lie (recline), x1 |-s/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2 /:/ /=/ vreta (vre) *lie (| upon), x1 |-s upon/atop/on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/gravity x3 /:/ (x1 may be object or event) /=/ cpana *lies, x1 |/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2 /:/ /=/ vreta (vre) *life (1-celled |), x1 is a bacteria/germ/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [1-celled |] of species/defining property x2 /:/ /=/ jurme (jum) @life (an instance of living), consider metaphor "event abstraction-live (= nunji'e) *life (metaphor: supporting |), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of oxygen (O); [metaphor: supporting |/combustion] /:/ /=/ kijno (kij) *life (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 /:/ [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 and x2 are empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)] /=/ lifri (lif fri) *lift (force), x1 (force) lifts/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 /:/ [(x1 may be an abstract); verb |/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] /=/ lafti (laf) *lift (ski |), x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski | (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) *lift (to apply force), x1 (force) lifts/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 /:/ [(x1 may be an abstract); verb |/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] /=/ lafti (laf) &lift, x1 of lafti &lifted in, gravity | x4 of lafti &lifted, x2 of lafti &lifting locus, x3 of lafti *lifting means, x2 of: x1 flies [in air/atmosphere] using |/propulsion means x2 /:/ /=/ vofli (vol voi) %lifting, x1 is a flight/an event of x2 flying [in air/atmosphere] using |/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ nunvofli %lifting, x1 is flight/the property/quality of x2 flying [in air/atmosphere] using |/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ kamvofli *lifts, x1 (force) |/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 /:/ [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] /=/ lafti (laf) *light (half-|, twilight/dawn), x1 is the [astronomical] twilight/dawn/dusk/half-|/glimmering of day x2 at location x3 /:/ [morning twilight, dawn (= cermurse); evening twilight, dusk (= vacmurse)] /=/ murse *light (hydrogen as metaphor for | gas), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of hydrogen (H); [metaphor: |, flammable] /:/ /=/ cidro (dro) *light (illumination), x1 [energy] is |/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3 /:/ [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with |/illumination x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); |/lamp (= tergu'i)] /=/ gusni (gus gu'i) *light (reflected |), x2 of: x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be |, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) *light (| colored), x1 is white/very-| colored [color adjective] /:/ [pale forms of other colors are a compound of white; e.g. pink (= labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity)] /=/ blabi (lab) *light (| focussed by a lens), x2 of: x1 is a lens/glass [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to focus/foci x3 by means/material x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is optical; focussing may be optical or otherwise, hence x2 which may be |, sound, X-ray, etc., default is |/optical lens; ka is refraction] /=/ lenjo (len le'o) *light (| in weight), x1 is | in mass/weight by standard x2 /:/ /=/ linto (li'o) *light (| source casting shadow), x3 of: x1 is a shadow/the shade of object x2, made by |/energy source x3 /:/ /=/ ctino (ti'o) *light (| source), x4 of: x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from | x3 /:/ [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with |/illumination x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); |/lamp (= tergu'i)] /=/ gusni (gus gu'i) &light making shadow, x3 of ctino *light source (| casting shadow), x3 of: x1 is a shadow/the shade of object x2, made by |/energy source x3 /:/ /=/ ctino (ti'o) &light source, x3 of gusni *light source, x4 of: x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from | x3 /:/ [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with |/illumination x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); |/lamp (= tergu'i)] /=/ gusni (gus gu'i) &light, x1 of gusni *lighting (conditions affecting perceived color), x4 of: x1 is/appears to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [conditions may include |, background, etc.] /=/ skari (ska) *lighting (conditions affecting what is seen), x3 of: x1 sees/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient |, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"] /=/ viska (vis vi'a) %lighting, x1 is a vision, an event of x2 viewing/seeing/perceiving visually x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include ambient |, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived] /=/ nunvi'a &lightly, treated | x2 of xalbo &lightning origin, x3 of lindi &lightning, x1 of lindi &lightning, struck by | x2 of lindi *lightning, x1 is |/electrical arc/thunderbolt striking at/extending to x2 from x3 /:/ [also thunder (= lidysna)] /=/ lindi (lid) *lights (provides illumination), x3 of: x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3 /:/ [x3 illuminates/| x2 with light/illumination x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); light/lamp (= tergu'i)] /=/ gusni (gus gu'i) &lightweight standard, x2 of linto &lightweight, x1 of linto *lightweight, x1 is |/light in mass/weight by standard x2 /:/ /=/ linto (li'o) *like (apparent similarity), x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also: x1 seems | it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks |/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)] /=/ simlu (mlu) *like (similar), x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears | x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis] /=/ simsa (smi) *like (taste |), x1 (ka) is a taste/flavor of/emitted by x2; x2 tastes of/| x1 /:/ [also: x2 tastes of seasoning x1, x1 is a seasoned flavor of x2 (= tsapyvu'i)] /=/ vrusi (vus vu'i) &like, x2 of nelci &liked, x2 of nelci *likelihood (| of a hope/wish), x3 of: x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected | x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens /:/ [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers (li "piso'u" to li "piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)] /=/ pacna (pa'a) &likelihood condition, x2 of lakne *likeliness (| of a hope/wish), x3 of: x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens /:/ [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of | according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers (li "piso'u" to li "piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)] /=/ pacna (pa'a) &likeliness of hope, x3 of pacna *likely, x1 (event/state/property) is probable/| under conditions x2 /:/ /=/ lakne (la'e) *likeness, x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a |/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis] /=/ simsa (smi) *likes, x1 is fond of/|/has a taste for x2 (object/state) /:/ /=/ nelci (nel nei) *limb (branch), x1 is a branch/bough/| of x2; x2 forks into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka] /:/ [also appendage] /=/ jimca (jic) *limb (part of joint), x1 is a/the shoulder/hip/joint [body-part] attaching |/extremity x2 to body x3 /:/ /=/ janco (jan) *limb (with digits), x1 is a/the finger/digit/toe [body-part] on |/body site x2 of body x3; [metaphor: peninsula] /:/ [finger (= xandegji), toe (= jmadegji)]; , /=/ degji (deg) *limb (with knee/elbow), x1 is a/the knee/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of | x2 of body x3 /:/ [metaphor: a sharp bend/curve] /=/ cidni (cid) *limb (with toe/thumb), x1 is a/the thumb/big toe [body-part] on | x2 of x3; [metaphor based on relative shape] /:/ [thumb (specifically the hand = xantamji), big toe (= jmatamji)] /=/ tamji (taj) &limb stood with, x3 of sanli &limb with finger, x2 of degji &limb with knew, x2 of cidni &limb with thumb, x2 of tamji &limb, stepping | x3 of stapa &limb, walking | x3 of cadzu *limbs (| used for climbing/crawling), x4 of: x1 climbs/clambers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [|/tools] /:/ /=/ cpare (par) *limbs (| used for digging), x4 of: x1 (agent) digs x2 [material] up/out of x3 [source/hole] with |/tool(s) x4 /:/ [also x1 cuts into x3 (with material removal)] /=/ kakpa *limbs (| used for running), x3 of: x1 runs on surface x2 using | x3 with gait x4 /:/ /=/ bajra (baj) *limbs (| used for standing), x3 of: x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by |/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) *limbs (| used for stepping), x3 of: x1 steps/treads on/in surface x2 using | x3 /:/ /=/ stapa (tap) *limbs (| used for walking), x3 of: x1 walks/strides/paces on surface x2 using | x3 /:/ /=/ cadzu (dzu) &limbs, running | x3 of bajra *lime (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 is a quantity of citrus [fruit/tree, etc.] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ nimre *limit (bound/border/extreme), x1 is a |/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 /:/ [restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)] /=/ jimte (jit) *limit (| exceeded), x2 of: x1 exceeds/is beyond |/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) /:/ [on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space] /=/ bancu (bac) &limit, x1 of jimte &limitation property, x3 of jimte &limited by extreme, range | x4 of traji &limited, x2 of jimte *limits (restrain within |), x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 /:/ [restrain/constrain within | (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)] /=/ jimte (jit) *limits (| of a spiral), x2 of: x1 is a spiral/helix/whorl/[vortex] [shape/form] with | x2, of dimensionality x3 /:/ /=/ sarlu *limits (| with elements between), x2 of: x1 is between/among set of points/bounds/| x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/|/range for x1] /=/ jbini (bin bi'i) &limits, spiral | x2 of sarlu *line (1-dimensional shape), x1 is a |/among lines [1-dimensional shape/form] defined by set of points x2 /:/ [ray/vector (farli'i or porli'i)] /=/ linji (lij li'i) *line (assembly |), x1 is a mill/foundry/industrial plant/[assembly |] performing process x2 /:/ [(unlike fanri,) need not produce a product; grain mill (= grumlo), grinding mill (= zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca'a)] /=/ molki (mlo) *line (cord), x1 is cord/cable/rope/|/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2 /:/ /=/ skori (sko) *line (straight/linear), x1 is straight/direct/| segment/interval between x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is linear /:/ /=/ sirji (sir) &line, x1 of linji &line, points on | x2 of linji *linear, x1 is straight/direct/line segment/interval between x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ /=/ sirji (sir) &linen, x1 of matli *linen, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of |/flax [type of fabric/material] /:/ /=/ matli *lines, x1 is a line/among | [1-dimensional shape/form] defined by set of points x2 /:/ [ray/vector (farli'i or porli'i)] /=/ linji (lij li'i) *lingual, x1 is a/the tongue [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: similar to nazbi, tamji, degji) /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ tance (tac) *link, x1 is a length of chain/links of material x2 with | properties x3 /:/ /=/ linsi (lin) *linked (of a set comprising a group), x1 or x3 of: x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 | by relations x4 /:/ [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)] /=/ girzu (gir gri) *links, x1 is a length of chain/| of material x2 with link properties x3 /:/ /=/ linsi (lin) *Linnean, x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to | animal/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) &lion species, x2 of cinfo &lion, x1 of cinfo *lion, x1 is a |/[lioness] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ cinfo *lioness, x1 is a lion/[|] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ cinfo &lip, x1 of ctebi &lip, orifice with | x2 of ctebi &lip, thing having | x3 of ctebi *lip, x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/bugle [brass-wind/|-reed musical instrument] /:/ /=/ tabra *lip, x1 is a/the | [body-part]/rim of orifice x2 of body x3; (adjective:) x1 is labial /:/ /=/ ctebi (teb) *liquefies, x1 condenses/| on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/condensate on x2 /:/ /=/ lunsa (lus) *liquid (absent | in dryness), x2 of: x1 is dry of | x2; (adjective:) x1 is arid /:/ /=/ sudga (sud) *liquid (draining |), x1 |/fluid drains/strains/flushes from source x2 through drain/strainer x3 by force x4 /:/ [x4 is usually gravity] /=/ rinci *liquid (fluid), x1 is |/fluid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 /:/ [conditions include temperature and pressure] /=/ litki (lik) *liquid (imbibed |), x2 of: x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/| refreshment x2 from/out-of container/source x3 /:/ /=/ pinxe (pix) *liquid (of melted substance), x1 melts [becomes | from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [x1 runs (= rumfle)] /=/ runme (rum) *liquid (pumped |), x2 of: x1 is a pump/injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting fluid/| x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 /:/ [x2 fluid may be | or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure]; (cf. metaphorical use of fepri for gas, risna for |) /=/ pambe *liquid (| causing moistness), x2 of: x1 is moist/wet/damp with | x2 /:/ /=/ cilmo (cim) *liquid (| expectorate), x2 of: x1 spits/expectorates x2 [predominantly |] from x3 to/onto x4 /:/ [saliva/spit/sputum/spittle (= molselpu'u)] /=/ sputu (put pu'u) *liquid (| forming fog), x2 of: x1 is foggy/misty/covered by a fog/mist/vapor of | x2 /:/ /=/ bumru (bum) *liquid (| immersed in), x2 of: x1 (object/person) is immersed/submerged/bathes in | x2 /:/ [take a bath/bathe (= jirsezlu'i)] /=/ jinru (jir) *liquid (| in drop form), x2 of: x1 is a drop [small, cohesive shape] of material [|/vapor] x2 in surrounding material x3 /:/ /=/ dirgo (dig) *liquid (| with current), x2 of: x1 is a current/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/toward x3 from direction/source x4 /:/ [x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or |] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (= camfle, sukfle)] /=/ flecu (fle) &liquid composition, x2 of litki &liquid dried, x2 of sudga &liquid, x1 of litki &liquid, drained | x2 of rinci &liquidity conditions, x3 of litki *liquifies (melts), x1 melts/| [becomes liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [x1 runs (= rumfle)] /=/ runme (rum) &liquor source, x2 of jikru &liquor, x1 of jikru *liquor, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of |/spirits distilled from x2 /:/ /=/ jikru &list medium, x4 of liste &list, x1 of liste &list, order of a | x3 of liste @list, see also "sequence" *list, x1 (physical object) is a |/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified); (cf. cmima for mental objects wherein order is of varying importance; some manifested order is intrinsic to a physical |, but the specific order may be incidental and not intentional/purposeful) /=/ liste (ste) &listed, set | x2 of liste *listed, x1 [ordered set] is sequenced/ordered/| by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified) /=/ porsi (por poi) &lit, x2 of gusni *lit, x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3 /:/ [x3 illuminates/lights x2 with light/illumination x1; x2 is |/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu'i for reordered places); light/lamp (= tergu'i)] /=/ gusni (gus gu'i) &liter standard, x3 of litce &liter, x1 of litce *liter, x1 is x2 |(s) [metric unit] in volume (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ litce (lic) &liters, number of | x2 of litce &liters, volume in | x2 of litce *lithium (alkali metal), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali metal of type x2 [default sodium] /:/ [also potassium, |, cesium]; [soda] /=/ sodna *little word (structure word), x1 is a | of grammatical class x2, with meaning/function x3 in language x4 /:/ [cmavo list, if physical object (= (loi) ma'oste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new cmavo to the cmavo list = ma'orpoi, ma'orselcmi,ma'orselste)] /=/ cmavo (ma'o) @little, see also "small" &live in community, those who | x2 of cecmu &live, x1 of jmive *live, x1 |-s/is alive by standard x2; x1 is an organism/|-ing thing /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic] /=/ jmive (miv ji'e) &liver, x1 of livga &liver, thing having | x2 of livga *liver, x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ livga *lives (dwells), x1 dwells/|/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2 /:/ /=/ xabju (xa'u) *lives (is alive), x1 |/is alive by standard x2; x1 is an organism/living thing /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic] /=/ jmive (miv ji'e) *living thing, x1 lives/is alive by standard x2; x1 is an organism/| /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic] /=/ jmive (miv ji'e) *llama, x1 is a camel/|/alpaca/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2 /:/ [| (= tcokumte), Bactrian camel (= zdokumte); Arabian camel/dromedary (= rabykumte)] /=/ kumte @load, see also ""force, "carry" (something carried) *load, x1 twists under |/force/torsion x2 /:/ /=/ torni (ton to'i) *load-bearing, x1 is a frame/structure/skeleton/outline supporting/|-bearing/determining the form of x2 /:/ /=/ greku (rek) &loan period, x4 of jbera &loan, x2 of jbera &loan, term time of a | x4 of jbera *loan, x1 owes x2 in debt/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, |]; x1 is a debtor /:/ /=/ dejni (dej) *lobo (sound clue, Spanish for 'wolf', also: a particular kind of wolf), x1 is a wolf/lupine of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ labno *lobster, x1 is a spider/arachnid/[crustacean/crab/|/non-insect arthropod] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jukni (juk) &local range, x3 of diklo &local units, weight in | x2 of bunda &local, x1 of diklo *local, x1 is x2 (default 1) long | distance unit(s) [non-metric], x3 subunits, standard x4 /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ minli *local, x1 is x2 (default 1) short | distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [foot (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjamgutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ gutci (guc) *local, x1 is x2 (default 1) | volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some | system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ dekpu *local, x1 is x2 (default 1) | weight unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, subunits [e.g. ounces] x4 /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ bunda (bud) *local, x1 is x2 | area unit(s) [non-metric] (default 1) by standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ kramu *local, x1 is | to x2; x1 is confined to locus x2 within range x3 /:/ [indicates a specific location/value within a range; e.g. a hits b. What is the locality on b that a hits?] /=/ diklo (klo) *locality (specific locus), x2 of: x1 is local to x2; x1 is confined to locus x2 within range x3 /:/ [indicates a specific location/value within a range; e.g. a hits b. What is the | on b that a hits?] /=/ diklo (klo) &located, x2 of stuzi &location attended, x2 of zvati &location of office, x3 of briju &location that is drained, x3 of cokcu &location, autumn | x3 of critu &location, camp | x3 of ginka &location, date | x3 of detri &location, daytime | x3 of donri &location, evening | x3 of vanci &location, farm | x2 of cange &location, hair | x3 of kerfa &location, heap | x3 of derxi &location, hotel | x2 of xotli &location, land | x2 of tumla &location, mill | x4 of molki &location, morning | x3 of cerni &location, museum | x3 of muzga &location, night | x3 of nicte &location, point | x2 of mokca &location, rock | x3 of rokci &location, school | x2 of ckule &location, spring | x3 of vensa &location, store | x4 of sorcu &location, street | x2 of klaji &location, summer | x3 of crisa &location, temple | x3 of malsi &location, time | x4 of tcika &location, twilight | x3 of murse &location, weather | x2 of tcima &location, well | x3 of jinto &location, winter | x3 of dunra *location, x1 loses person/thing x2 at/near | x3; x1 loses property/feature x2 in conditions/situation x3 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ecri, po'erselcri for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cirko (cri) *locations (origins of gathering elements), x3 of: x1 (mass/jo'u) gathers/collects at location x2 from | x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ [also focus (= seljmaji)] /=/ jmaji (jaj) *loci, x1 (force) folds/creases x2 at locus/|/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3 /:/ [for agentive folding (= plogau, plozu'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds] /=/ polje (plo) &lock mechanism, x3 of stela &lock, x1 of stela &lock, x2 of ckiku *lock, x1 is a key fitting/releasing/opening/unlocking | x2, and having relevant properties x3 /:/ [also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (= termifckiku, ckitermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the | - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth] /=/ ckiku (kik) *lock, x1 is a |/seal of/on/for sealing x2 with/by locking mechanism x3 /:/ /=/ stela (tel) &locked, x2 of stela *locking mechanism, x1 is a lock/seal of/on/for sealing x2 with/by | x3 /:/ /=/ stela (tel) &locus, x2 of diklo &locus, bite | x3 of batci &locus, curve | x3 of kruvi &locus, density | x3 of denmi &locus, hit | x4 of darxi &locus, intersection | x3 of kruca &locus, kicked | x3 of tikpa &locus, lifting | x3 of lafti &locus, looseness | x3 of kluza &locus, pain | x2 of cortu &locus, pulling | x3 of lacpu &locus, sharpness | x2 of kinli &locus, snugness | x4 of tagji &locus, sudden change | x2 of suksa &locus, tip | x3 of jipno &locus, virus | x3 of vidru *locust, x1 is a cockroach/[orthopteran/termite] of order/species/breed x2 /:/ [also grasshopper (= pi'erjalra); cricket (= snajalra); |, termite (= mantyjalra or mudyctijalra)]; (while cockroaches are an order unto themselves, they are part of Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, crickets, etc; termites are a closely-related non-Orthoptera, more akin to cockroaches than to e.g. ants) /=/ jalra &lode, x3 of kunra *lode, x1 is/contains/is made from a mineral/ore of type/metal x2 mined from location/|/mine x3 /:/ /=/ kunra (kun) *log, x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also roll, |]; (x2 is completely specified) /=/ liste (ste) &logarithm base, x3 of dugri &logarithm, x1 of dugri &logarithm, x3 of tenfa *logarithm, x1 is the | of x2 with base x3 /:/ /=/ dugri (dug) *logic (| covering contradiction/negation), x3 of: x1 (du'u) contradicts/denies/refutes/negates x2 (du'u) under rules/| x3 /:/ [also exception (= nafmupli); agentive contradicts/denies (= nafxu'a or nalselxu'a or tolxu'a) /=/ natfe (naf na'e) *logic (| entailing), x3 of: x1 logically necessitates/entails/implies action/event/state x2 under rules/| system x3 /:/ /=/ nibli (nib ni'i) *logic (| fror deducing/concluding), x1 [rules/methods] is a | for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u) /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical] /=/ logji (loj) &logic for denial, x3 of natfe &logic system necessitating, x3 of nibli &logic, x1 of logji *logical (of alternation/disjunction), x1 is a | alternation/disjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and/or x3 (du'u) is/are true /:/ /=/ vlina *logical (of conjunction), x1 is a | conjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and x3 (du'u) are both true /:/ /=/ kanxe (kax) *logical (pertaining to logic/deduction), x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u) /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are |] /=/ logji (loj) &logical, x2 of logji *logically necessitates, x1 |/entails/implies action/event/state x2 under rules/logic system x3 /:/ /=/ nibli (nib ni'i) *Loglan, x1 reflects [Loglandic]/Lojbanic language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2 /:/ [pre-Lojban forms of | (= dzejbo)] /=/ lojbo (lob jbo) *Loglandic, x1 reflects [|]/Lojbanic language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2 /:/ [pre-Lojban forms of Loglan (= dzejbo)] /=/ lojbo (lob jbo) *Lojban, x1 reflects [Loglandic]/Lojbanic language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2 /:/ [pre-| forms of Loglan (= dzejbo)] /=/ lojbo (lob jbo) &Lojbanic aspect, x2 of lojbo &Lojbanic, x1 of lojbo *Lojbanic, x1 reflects [Loglandic]/| language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2 /:/ [pre-Lojban forms of Loglan (= dzejbo)] /=/ lojbo (lob jbo) *long (garment), x1 is a robe/tunic/gown/cloak/dress/[coveralls] [a |/full body garment] of material x2 /:/ [also coveralls (= paspalku)] /=/ pastu (pas) *long (relatively | in longest dimension), x1 is | in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3 /:/ /=/ clani (cla) *long (relatively | in 2nd most significant dimension), x1 is |/wide in dimension x2 [| in 2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3 /:/ /=/ ganra (gan) *long (relatively | in smallest dimension), x1 is thick in dimension/direction x2 by standard x3; [relatively | in smallest dimension] /:/ [also stout] /=/ rotsu (rot tsu ro'u) *long (having | rectangular form), x1 is a board/plank [3-dimensional | flat rectangle] of material x2 /:/ /=/ tanbo (ta'o) *long distance units, x1 is x2 (default 1) | local distance unit(s) [non-metric], x3 subunits, standard x4 /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ minli &long, x1 of clani *look through, x1 looks at/examines/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2 /:/ [also | (= grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"] /=/ catlu (cta) *look, x1 sees/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "|" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"] /=/ viska (vis vi'a) &looked at, x2 of catlu &looker, x1 of catlu *looks after, x1 takes-care-of/| after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) /:/ [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2] /=/ kurji (kuj ku'i) *looks at, x1 | at/examines/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2 /:/ [also look through (= grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"] /=/ catlu (cta) *looks for, x1 seeks/searches/| for property x2 among set x3 (complete specification of set) /:/ [if searching for an object or an event, use tu'a in x2] /=/ sisku (sis) @looks like, see also "seems" *looks like, x1 is similar/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 |/appears like x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis] /=/ simsa (smi) *looks like, x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also: x1 | it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); |/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)] /=/ simlu (mlu) &loop material, x2 of clupa &loop, x1 of clupa *loop, x1 is a |/circuit of x2 [material] /:/ [also noose (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed curve defined by set of points (= cuptai)] /=/ clupa (cup) &looped, x2 of clupa &loose covering, thing having | x2 of kluza &loose, x1 of kluza *loose, x1 (object) is |/bloused/not tight on x2 (object) at locus x3 /:/ /=/ kluza (luz) %loose, x1 is a |, baggy, bloused shirt /=/ luzycreka &looseness locus, x3 of kluza &loot, x2 of lebna *lore, x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/| x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) /:/ [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] /=/ ctuca (ctu) &lose, x1 of cirko @lose, see also "(leaves) behind" *lose, x1 |-s person/thing x2 at/near x3; x1 |-s property/feature x2 in conditions/situation x3 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ecri, po'erselcri for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cirko (cri) &loser, x3 of jinga *losers, x3 of: x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/|] in competition x4 /:/ [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/|, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; /=/ jinga (jig ji'a) *loses, x1 | person/thing x2 at/near x3; x1 | property/feature x2 in conditions/situation x3 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ecri, po'erselcri for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cirko (cri) &losing competitor, x3 of jinga &loss conditions, x3 of cirko *loss, x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril/| x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) /:/ [sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)] /=/ binra &lost, x2 of cirko *lot, x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3 /:/ [also very, pretty, a |, immoderate/immoderately, intense, quite, extremely] /=/ mutce (tce) *lotus (symbolic plant/herb), x1 is a |, plant/flower/herb of species/strain x2 symbolizing x3 to culture/religion x4 /:/ /=/ latna &lotus significance, x3 of latna &lotus species, x2 of latna &lotus, x1 of latna &lotus, culture with | x4 of latna &loud at point, x2 of cladu &loud, x1 of cladu *loud, x1 is |/noisy at observation point x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ cladu (lau) &loudness standard, x3 of cladu &louse host, x3 of civla &louse species, x2 of civla &louse, x1 of civla *louse, x1 is a |/flea [blood-sucking arthropod] of species/breed x2, parasitic on x3 /:/ /=/ civla (civ) &love, x1 of prami *love, x1 |-s/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state) /:/ [also: x1 is |-ing towards x2, x1 is a |-r of x2 (one sense), x2 is be-|-d by x1 (= selprami for reordered places)] /=/ prami (pam pa'i) &loved, x2 of prami *lover, x1 loves/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state) /:/ [also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a | of x2 (one sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (= selprami for reordered places)] /=/ prami (pam pa'i) *loves, x1 |/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state) /:/ [also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (= selprami for reordered places)] /=/ prami (pam pa'i) *loving, x1 loves/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state) /:/ [also: x1 is | towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (= selprami for reordered places)] /=/ prami (pam pa'i) %low (ignoble), x1 is common/|/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ nalno'i %low (very ignoble), x1 is common/|/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ tolno'i &low, x1 of dizlo %low, x1 is a commoner/non-elite/|-born/untitled/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ nalnolpre *low, x1 is |/down/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 /:/ [also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself] /=/ dizlo (diz dzi) *low, x1 sucks/is suction/vacuum/relatively | pressure of fluid/gas x2 relative to high pressure x3 /:/ [also suck object/fluid (= sakcpu or sakmuvgau)] /=/ sakci (sak) %low-born, x1 is a commoner/non-elite/|/untitled/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ nalnolpre %low-born, x1 is a peon/peasant/|/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ tolnolpre *lower (downward), x1 is low/down/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 /:/ [also |; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself] /=/ dizlo (diz dzi) *lower (| taxon of taxonomy tree), x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "|" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "|" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) *lower arm garment, x1 is a mitten/glove [hand and |] of material x2 /:/ [mitten (= degycauglu)] /=/ gluta (glu) *lower leg garment, x1 is a sock/stocking [flexible foot and |] of material x2 /:/ /=/ smoka (smo) *lower pressure (| pumped to), x1 is a pump/injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 /:/ [x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of |, x4 a place of higher pressure] /=/ pambe *lower trunk, x1 is a/the abdomen/belly/| [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection] /:/ [also stomach (= djaruntyrango)] /=/ betfu (bef be'u) *lowest, x1 is a/the foot [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: | portion] (adjective:) x1 is pedal /:/ /=/ jamfu (jaf jma) &lowness reference, x2 of dizlo &lowness standard, x3 of dizlo *lubrication (thirsted for), x2 of: x1 thirsts for x2; x1 needs/wants drink/fluid/| x2 /:/ /=/ taske *lucid, x1 (object/medium) is clear/transparent/without obstacle to in-the-clear x2 [transmission] /:/ [also |; x2 remains apparent/|/clear (figurative use for 'understandable' is discouraged)] /=/ klina (kli) &luck, x1 of funca &luck, thing having | x2 of funca *luck, x1 (event/property) is determined by the |/fortune of x2; (note mabla/zabna not implied) /:/ /=/ funca (fun fu'a) &lucky, x2 of funca *lumber, x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains wood/| from tree(s) of type/species x2 /:/ /=/ mudri (mud) *luminosity, x1 is x2 candela [metric unit] in | (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ delno (del de'o) *lump, x1 [object/substance] is a piece/portion/|/chunk/particle of x2 [substance] /:/ /=/ spisa (spi) &lunar, x1 of lunra *lunar, x1 is Earth's moon (default); x1 is a major natural satellite/moon of planet x2; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ /=/ lunra (lur) &lung, x1 of fepri &lung, thing having | x2 of fepri *lung, x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory apparatus/bellows] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary] /=/ fepri *lupine, x1 is a wolf/| of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ labno *lure (that which lures), x4 of: x1 (agent) influences/lures/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by influence/threat/| x4 /:/ [also impresses; x4 is alluring (= trivelxlu for place reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states) /=/ xlura (xlu) &lure, x4 of xlura &lured, x2 of trina *lures (attracts), x1 attracts/appeals to/| x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also: x1 is alluring to x2] /=/ trina (tri) *lures (tempts), x1 (agent) influences/|/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by influence/threat/lure x4 /:/ [also impresses; x4 is alluring (= trivelxlu for place reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states) /=/ xlura (xlu) @lures, see also "influences", "deceives" *lustrous, x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [also |, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)] /=/ carmi (cam cai) *lute, x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 /:/ [also |, viola, cello] /=/ jgita (git) *lying (reclining), x1 lies/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/| on x2 /:/ /=/ vreta (vre) *lying (upon/atop), x1 is upon/atop/resting on/| on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/gravity x3 /:/ (x1 may be object or event) /=/ cpana @lying, see also "false", "story" *machine (automated apparatus), x1 is a | for use/function x2; [automated apparatus, without direct function control] /:/ [also machinery/mechanism; a | is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)] /=/ minji (mi'i) *machine (operated |), x2 of: x1 operates/drives/runs x2 [apparatus/|] with goal/objective/use/end/function x3 /:/ /=/ sazri (saz) *machine (video screen), x1 is a video monitor/CRT/screen [|] serving function x2 /:/ /=/ vidni *machine (| used for purpose), x2 of: x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, |, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 /:/ [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, le'irplicu'a)] /=/ pilno (pli) &machine function, x2 of minji &machine, x1 of minji &machine, x3 of sazri @machine, see also "automatic" *machinery, x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [automated apparatus, without direct function control] /:/ [also |/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)] /=/ minji (mi'i) *mad, x1 (action/event) is crazy/insane/|/frantic/in a frenzy (one sense) by standard x2 /:/ /=/ fenki (fek) *mad, x1 is angry/| at x2 for x3 (action/state/property) /:/ /=/ fengu (feg fe'u) &made from, x3 of zbasu &made, x2 of zbasu &made, plan | x2 of platu *made, x2 of: x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3; x2 is assembled/built/|/created/manufactured out of x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) *magazine, x1 is a journal/periodical/|/[newspaper] with content x2 published by x3 for audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a subject, but not all journals have a single subject; all have some sort of principle defining what is included, so this need not be a list] /=/ karni &magenta, x1 of nukni %magenta, x1 is fuchsin/a dye of |/fuchsia/purplish-red color /:/ /=/ nukselcinta *magenta, x1 is |/fuchsia/purplish-red [color adjective] /:/ /=/ nukni (nuk) &magic, x1 of makfa &magic, do | x3 of makfa *magic, x1 is |/supernatural/sorcery/witchcraft/wizardry to x2, performed by person/force/deity x3 /:/ /=/ makfa (maf) &magical, hold as | x2 of makfa &magician, x3 of makfa &magnet, x1 of maksi *magnet, x1 is |-ic [adjective] producing |-ic field x2 /:/ /=/ maksi (mak) &magnetic field, x2 of maksi *magnetic field, x1 is magnetic [adjective] producing | field x2 /:/ /=/ maksi (mak) *magnetic, x1 is | [adjective] producing magnetic field x2 /:/ /=/ maksi (mak) *magnificent, x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, |, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) *magnitude (quantity as a unit), x1 [|] is a unit/degree of/on scale/reference standard x2 (si'o) measuring property x3 /:/ [also grade, level, point; x3 dimension] /=/ gradu (rau) &mail carrier, x5 of mrilu &mail origin, x4 of mrilu &mail, x1 of mrilu &mail, x2 of mrilu &mail, receive | x3 of mrilu &mail, transmit | x4 of mrilu *mail, x1 |-s/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5 /:/ [also x4 post office, |-box] /=/ mrilu (mri) *mailbox (place mailed from), x4 of: x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5 /:/ [also x4 post office, |] /=/ mrilu (mri) &mailed, x2 of mrilu *mails, x1 |/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5 /:/ [also x4 post office, mailbox] /=/ mrilu (mri) *main support (metaphorical), x1 is a/the stalk/stem/trunk [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: |] /:/ /=/ stani *main, x1 is principal/chief/leader/|/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) *mainly, x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, |; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) *maintain (activity assisted in), x1 helps/assists/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/| event/activity x3 /:/ /=/ sidju (dju) *maintain (activity relied upon), x1 relies/depends/counts on/trusts x2 to bring about/ensure/| x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ lacri (lac) &maintain park, x2 of panka @maintain, see also "continue" &maize species, x2 of zumri &maize, x1 of zumri *maize, x1 is a quantity of |/corn [grain] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ zumri (zmu) *majestic, x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, |, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) &make artifact, x2 of rutni &make ceramic, x2 of staku &make comfortable, x2 of kufra &make comment, x3 of pinka &make to shake, x2 of desku &make, x1 of zbasu *make, x1 |-s/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) &maker, cigar | x3 of sigja *makes (assembles/manufactures), x1 |/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) *makes a mistake, x1 errs/| mistake x2 (event), an error under conditions x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ srera (sre) *makes an effort, x1 tries/attempts/| to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3 /:/ [also experiments at] /=/ troci (toc toi) *makes decision, x1 (person) decides/| x2 (du'u) about matter x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ jdice (jdi) &makes noise, x2 of sance *makes out (perceives/senses), x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, | out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) *makes reference to, x1 cites/quotes/refers to/| source x2 for information/statement x3 (du'u) /:/ /=/ sitna (sit) *makes sound, x1 utters verbally/says/phonates/speaks [vocally |] x2 /:/ [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)] /=/ bacru (ba'u) *makes war, x1 (person/mass) | against x2 over territory/matter x3; x1 is at war with x2 /:/ /=/ jamna (jam) *makes whistling sound, x1 [sound source] whistles/|/note/tone/melody x2 /:/ /=/ siclu (sil) %making an effort (an event of trying), x2 of: x1 is a try/attempt/effort, an event of x2 trying/attempting/| to do/attain x3 (event/state/property) by actions/method x4 /:/ /=/ nuntoi &making shadow, light | x3 of ctino *mal- (sound clue, prefix root meaning bad/evil), x1 is bad for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2 /:/ [be careful to distinguish between a bad/unacceptable event, and a bad/unacceptable agent: x1 does poorly (= lenu ko'a gasnu cu xlali and not normally ko'a xlali)] /=/ xlali (xla) *Malay, x1 reflects Malaysian/| culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ meljo (mej) &Malay-Ind aspect, x2 of baxso &Malay-Indonesian, x1 of baxso *Malay-Indonesian, x1 reflects | common language/culture in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ baxso &Malaysian aspect, x2 of meljo &Malaysian, x1 of meljo *Malaysian, x1 reflects |/Malay culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ meljo (mej) *male (any species), x1 is a |/buck of species x2 evidencing masculine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is masculine /:/ /=/ nakni (nak) *male (young | person), x1 is a boy/lad [young | person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)] /=/ nanla *male (| humanoid), x1 is a man/men; x1 is a | humanoid person [not necessarily adult] /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)] /=/ nanmu (nau) &male trait, x3 of nakni &male, x1 of nakni &male, species with | x2 of nakni &malfunction, x3 of cfila *malignant, x1 is a cancer [| disease] in x2 /:/ /=/ kenra (ken) %mall, mall/shopping center/bazaar, metaphors may include store-group (= zaigri), store-group-site (= zairgirstu) *mall, x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: |, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) *malleable (of lead or leaden materials), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of lead (Pb); [metaphor: heavy, |, soft metal] /:/ /=/ cnisa (nis) *malleable (soft/yielding), x1 is soft/|/moldable/yielding to force x2 in conditions x3 /:/ /=/ ranti (ran) &malleable, x2 of galfi &mammal species, x2 of mabru &mammal, x1 of mabru *mammal, x1 is a |/'animal'/beast of species x2 /:/ /=/ mabru (mab) *mammary, x1 is a/the breast/|/teat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: projection providing liquid] /:/ [nipple (= tatyji'o)] /=/ tatru (tat) &man, x1 of nanmu *man, x1 is a human/human being/| (non-specific gender-free sense); (adjective:) x1 is human /:/ /=/ remna (rem re'a) *man, x1 is a |/men; x1 is a male humanoid person [not necessarily adult] /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)] /=/ nanmu (nau) *man-made, x1 is an artifact; x1 is artificial; x1 is made/caused by people/se kulnu x2; x1 is | /:/ /=/ rutni (run) *manage, x1 has control over/harnesses/|-s/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance) /:/ [x2 are aspects/individuals controlled within activity/event x3; | (= selzu'etro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)] /=/ jitro (tro) *managed (of parkland), x1 is a park/land reserve | by community/polity/company x2 for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ panka *manages, x1 has control over/harnesses/|/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance) /:/ [x2 are aspects/individuals controlled within activity/event x3; manage (= selzu'etro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)] /=/ jitro (tro) *Mandarin, x1 reflects Chinese [|, Cantonese, Wu, etc.] culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jungo (jug) *mandating, x1 is a rule prescribing/|/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) *manifest (is a property of), x2 of: x1 has/is characterized by property/feature/trait/aspect/dimension x2 (ka); x2 is | in x1 /:/ [|-ed/property/quality/trait/feature/aspect (= selkai)] /=/ ckaji (kai) *manifest (| as a result of force), x2 of: x1 [force] (ka) forces/compels event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to | /:/ [also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)] /=/ bapli (bap bai) *manifestation (book as a | of a work), x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ [x1 is a |/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) *manifestation (| of an ideal), x2 of: x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/| x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)] /=/ tarmi (tam tai) *manioc, x1 is a quantity of cassava/taro/|/tapioca/yam [edible starchy root] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ samcu *manipulating tool, x1 is a/the hand [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: |, waldo] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is manual] /=/ xance (xan xa'e) *manner (method/technique/style), x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 /:/ [also practice/way/mode; style/|/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)] /=/ tadji *manner (| of conduct), x2 of: x1 behaves/conducts oneself as/in-| x2 (event/property) under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is behavioral] /=/ tarti (tra) *manner (| of greeting), x3 of: x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to arrival of x2 in | x3 (action) /:/ /=/ rinsa *manner (| of request), x4 of: x1 requests/asks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in |/form x4 /:/ [also demand (= mi'ecpe)] /=/ cpedu (cpe) @manners, see "polite" *manual (not automatic), x1 (event/action/process) is | [not automatic] in function x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ macnu (cnu) *manual (pertaining to hands), x1 is a/the hand [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: manipulating tool, waldo] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ xance (xan xa'e) &manual conditions, x3 of macnu &manual function, x2 of macnu &manual, x1 of macnu @manual, see also "book" *manufactured, x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3; x2 is assembled/built/made/created/| out of x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) *manufactures, x1 makes/assembles/builds/|/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) *manufacturing, x1 is industry/industrial/systematic | activity producing x2 by process/means x3 /:/ /=/ gundi (gud) &many, non-specific | x3 of steci *many-needled, x1 is a comb [| shape] of material x2 with tines/needles x3 /:/ /=/ komcu (kom) *map, x1 is a chart/diagram/| of/about x2 showing formation/data-points x3 /:/ /=/ cartu (cat) &mapped [as a territory], x2 of cartu *mapping (function), x1 is a function/single-valued | from domain x2 to range x3 defined by expression/rule x4 /:/ /=/ fancu *mare, x1 is a horse/equine/[colt/|/stallion/pony] of species/breed x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is equine/equestrian] /=/ xirma (xir xi'a) *margarine, x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/|/shortening from source x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)] /=/ matne &margin, lessness | x4 of mleca &margin, moreness | x4 of zmadu *margin, x1 is an edge/|/border/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3 /:/ /=/ korbi (kor koi) *marijuana, x1 is a quantity of hemp/|/jute of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ marna *marine, x1 is a sea/ocean/gulf/[atmosphere] of planet x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ [also atmosphere (= varxamsi, varsenta)] /=/ xamsi (xas) *mark (monetary unit), x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 /:/ [also pound, rupee, franc, |, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value] /=/ rupnu (rup ru'u) *mark (spot/marking), x1(s) is a/are |(s)/spot(s) on x2 of material x3 /:/ [ba'armo'a for a pattern of marks] /=/ barna (ba'a) &mark material, x3 of barna &mark, x1 of barna &marked thing, x2 of barna &market, x1 of zarci &market, sold at | x2 of zarci *market, x1 is a |/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) &marketeer, x3 of zarci *marketplace, x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, |, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of | than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) *marking (| material), x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/| material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 /:/ [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)] /=/ pinsi (pis) *marking, x1(s) is a/are |(s)/spot(s) on x2 of material x3 /:/ [ba'armo'a for a pattern of marks] /=/ barna (ba'a) *markings (on a great cat), x3 of: x1 is a tiger/leopard/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with coat | x3 /:/ [a great cat noted/recognized by its |, metaphorically: stripes, tiger |] /=/ tirxu &markings, tiger | x3 of tirxu *marks, x1(s) is a/are mark(s)/spot(s) on x2 of material x3 /:/ [ba'armo'a for a pattern of |] /=/ barna (ba'a) &married to, x2 of speni &married, x1 of speni *married, x1 is | to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under law/custom/tradition/system/convention x3 /:/ /=/ speni (spe) *mart, x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, |; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) *marvels, x1 feels wonder/awe/| about x2 /:/ /=/ manci (mac) *masculine, x1 is a male/buck of species x2 evidencing | trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is | /:/ /=/ nakni (nak) *mash (paste), x1 is paste/pulp/dough/|/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ pesxu (pex) *mash (result of mashing), x3 of: x1 [force] mashes/crushes/squashes/smashes x2 into pulp/|/crumbs/deformed mass x3 /:/ /=/ marxa (max) &mash, x1 of marxa &mash, x3 of marxa &mashed, x2 of marxa *mashes, x1 [force] |/crushes/squashes/smashes x2 into pulp/mash/crumbs/deformed mass x3 /:/ /=/ marxa (max) *mass (aggregate), x1 is a |/team/aggregate/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointly /:/ [A description in x1 indicates of | property(ies) displayed by the |; masses may reveal properties not found in the individual set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily relevant to the | property implicit in this bridi] /=/ gunma (gum) *mass (deformed |), x3 of: x1 [force] mashes/crushes/squashes/smashes x2 into pulp/mash/crumbs/deformed | x3 /:/ /=/ marxa (max) *mass (environmental surroundings), x2 of: x1 is between/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst | x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/limits/range for x1] /=/ jbini (bin bi'i) *mass (measured |), x1 is x2 gram(s) [metric unit] in | (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ grake (gra) *mass (pertaining to heaviness), x1 is heavy/weighty in |/weight by standard x2 /:/ /=/ tilju (tij) *mass (pertaining to lightness), x1 is light in |/weight by standard x2 /:/ /=/ linto (li'o) *mass (segmented apportioned), x2 of: x1 is a part/component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/|]; x2 is partly x1 /:/ [partly (= selpau)] /=/ pagbu (pag pau) *mass (| culture), x1 [| of ideas, customs, skills, arts] is culture of nation/ethos x2; x1 is ethnic /:/ [(note that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is shared among people and is not an individual trait)] /=/ kulnu (klu) *mass (| of pages), x1 is a [physical] page/leaf of book/document/bound | of pages x2 /:/ [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)] /=/ papri &mass of qunatified individuals, x1 of # mei &mass, component of | x2 of gunma %mass, x1 is mass, the amount of x2 being |/stuff/matter of type/composition including x3 in shape/form x4 /:/ /=/ ninmarji *mass, x1 is |/stuff/matter of type/composition including x2 in shape/form x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is physical (one sense)/|] /=/ marji (maj mai) *massified, x1 is a mass/team/aggregate/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointly /:/ [A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) displayed by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individual set members that are |, which themselves are not necessarily relevant to the mass property implicit in this bridi] /=/ gunma (gum) @mastery, see also "expert" *mastery, x1 has the power to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3 /:/ [also potent, has control/|] /=/ vlipa (vli) &mat material, x2 of matci &mat, x1 of matci *mat, x1 is a |/pad/mattress/pallet [flat, soft, dense form] of material x2 /:/ [also mattress = (kicymatci)] /=/ matci *match (exact |), x1 [measurement/|] is exact/precise to precision x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) /:/ /=/ satci *match (incendiary device), x1 is a | [incendiary device] made of x2 /:/ /=/ sacki &match, x1 of sacki &match, material of | x2 of sacki *match, x1 fits/|-es/suits/is compatible/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3 /:/ /=/ mapti (mat) &matched property, x3 of mapti &matched, x2 of mapti *matches, x1 fits/|/suits/is compatible/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3 /:/ /=/ mapti (mat) *matching (sound patterns), x1 or x4 of: x1 rhymes/alliterates with x2 in language/phonetics x3, | sound correspondence x4 (ka) /:/ [broad meaning of rhyme - any | sound correspondence] /=/ rimni (rim) &mate, x3 of rorci &material cleaned away, x2 of jinsa &material drained, x1 of rinci &material emptied, x2 of kunti &material for factory, raw | x3 of fanri &material form, x3 of marji &material in foam bubble, x3 of fonmo &material of bottle, x3 of botpi &material of match, x2 of sacki &material of sack, x3 of dakli &material that is in a heap, x2 of derxi &material type, x2 of marji &material, x1 of marji &material, arch | x3 of bargu &material, axle | x3 of jendu &material, ball | x2 of bolci &material, basket | x3 of lanka &material, bead | x2 of bidju &material, bed | x2 of ckana &material, block | x2 of bliku &material, board | x2 of tanbo &material, box | x3 of tanxe &material, bucket | x3 of baktu &material, button | x4 of batke &material, can | x3 of lante &material, cap | x2 of mapku &material, card | x2 of karda &material, chain | x2 of linsi &material, cigar | x2 of sigja &material, cleaning | x4 of lumci &material, cloth | x2 of bukpu &material, cloud | x2 of dilnu &material, coat | x2 of kosta &material, collar | x3 of karli &material, column | x2 of kamju &material, comb | x2 of komcu &material, cone | x2 of konju &material, cord | x2 of skori &material, corner | x3 of kojna &material, cup | x3 of kabri &material, curtain | x3 of murta &material, cushion | x3 of kicne &material, cylinder | x2 of slanu &material, drop | x2 of dirgo &material, eroded | x2 of guska &material, field | x2 of foldi &material, filling | x3 of tisna &material, flag | x4 of lanci &material, foam | x2 of fonmo &material, glove | x2 of gluta &material, hail | x2 of bratu &material, hook | x2 of genxu &material, island | x2 of daplu &material, jet | x2 of jetce &material, knife | x3 of dakfu &material, layered | x2 of senta &material, lens | x4 of lenjo &material, loop | x2 of clupa &material, mark | x3 of barna &material, mat | x2 of matci &material, nail | x3 of dinko &material, needle | x2 of jesni &material, pan | x3 of tansi &material, pants | x2 of palku &material, pedestal | x3 of zbepi &material, pin | x3 of pijne &material, plate | x2 of palta &material, polishing | x3 of spali &material, pot | x3 of patxu &material, rail | x3 of garna &material, raw | x3 of zbasu &material, ribbon | x2 of dasri &material, ring | x2 of djine &material, robe | x2 of pastu &material, rod | x2 of grana &material, sheet | x2 of boxfo &material, shell | x3 of calku &material, shirt | x2 of creka &material, shoal | x2 of jmifa &material, shoe | x3 of cutci &material, skirt | x2 of skaci &material, sock | x2 of smoka &material, spoon | x3 of smuci &material, stage | x4 of tsina &material, swelling | x3 of punli &material, table | x2 of jubme &material, thread | x2 of cilta &material, tile | x2 of tapla &material, tray | x3 of palne &material, tube | x2 of tubnu &material, umbrella | x4 of santa &material, washing | x4 of lumci &material, wedge | x2 of cfine &material, wheeel | x3 of xislu *material, x1 is |/stuff/matter of type/composition including x2 in shape/form x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is physical (one sense)/|] /=/ marji (maj mai) *materials (supply/deposit of |), x2 of : x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of |/energy x2 in containment x3 /:/ [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2] /=/ sorcu (soc sro) *materials (| in a heap), x2 of: x1 is a heap/pile/stack/mound/hill of | x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ derxi (dre) *materials (| made from), x2 of: x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of |/parts/components x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) *materials (| of a pedestal), x3 of: x1 is a pedestal/base/stand/pallet supporting x2 (object/event), of |/properties x3 /:/ [pallet (= lafyzbe)] /=/ zbepi (zbe) *materials (| of a wheel), x3 of: x1 is a wheel [tool] of device/vehicle x2, made of |/having properties x3 /:/ /=/ xislu (xil xi'u) *materials (| stitched together), x2 of: x1 sews/stitches/sutures | x2 (individual/set) together with tool(s) x3, using filament x4 /:/ (x2 if a set must be a complete specification) /=/ fenso (fen fe'o) *materials (| used by a factory), x3 of: x1 is a factory/foundry/industrial plant/mill producing x2 from | x3 /:/ /=/ fanri *maternally, x1 is a mother of x2; x1 bears/mothers/acts | toward x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ mamta (mam) *mates, x1 copulates/fucks/|/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2 /:/ [x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)] /=/ gletu (let gle) *mathematical (theoretically ideal, of a form), x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also pattern; x1 is the | or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)] /=/ tarmi (tam tai) *mathematical expression, x1 [quantifier/expression] is a | interpreted under rules/convention x2 /:/ /=/ mekso (mek me'o) *mathematical sum, x1 is a |/result/total of x2 plus/increased by x3 /:/ /=/ sumji (suj) &mathematics type, x2 of cmaci &mathematics, x1 of cmaci *mathematics, x1 is a | of type/describing x2 /:/ /=/ cmaci *matter (affair with representation), x3 of: x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in |(s)/function(s) x3 /:/ [also: on behalf of] /=/ krati (ka'i) *matter (affair, organized activity), x1 is an affair/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (individual/mass); x1 is x2's business /:/ [also |, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu'u for reordered places)] /=/ cuntu (cu'u) *matter (justification for war), x3 of: x1 (person/mass) wars against x2 over territory/| x3; x1 is at war with x2 /:/ /=/ jamna (jam) *matter (material substance), x1 is material/stuff/| of type/composition including x2 in shape/form x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is physical (one sense)/material] /=/ marji (maj mai) *matter (sphere of authority), x2 of: x1 has authority/is an official in/on/over |/sphere/persons x2 derived on basis x3 /:/ /=/ catni (ca'i) *matter (subject of agreement), x4 of: x1 [person] agrees with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about | x4 /:/ /=/ tugni (tug tu'i) *matter (subject of courtesy/civility), x2 of: x1 is polite/courteous/civil in | x2 according to standard/custom x3 /:/ [also formal, ritual] /=/ clite (lit) *matter (subject of honesty), x3 of: x1 is honest/open/truthfully revealing to/candid/frank with x2 about |/fact x3 /:/ [also straight, straight-forward] /=/ stace (sac) *matter (subject of judgement), x2 of: x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding | x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) *matter (subject of wisdom), x2 of: x1 is wise/sage about | x2 (abstraction) to observer x3 /:/ /=/ prije (pij) *matter (| decided), x3 of: x1 (person) decides/makes decision x2 (du'u) about | x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ jdice (jdi) &matter decided, x3 of jdice &matter deputed, x2 of vipsi &matter forgiven, x3 of fraxu &matter of reliance, x3 of lacri &matter represented in, x3 of krati *matters (is important), x1 (object/event) is important/significant to x2 (person/event) in aspect/for reason x3 (nu/ka) /:/ [also: x1 | to x2 in aspect/respect x3] /=/ vajni (vaj vai) *mattress, x1 is a mat/pad/|/pallet [flat, soft, dense form] of material x2 /:/ [also | = (kicymatci)] /=/ matci &mature trait, x2 of makcu &mature, x1 of makcu *mature, x1 is |/ripe/fully-grown/adult in development-quality x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ makcu (ma'u) *maybe, x1 (event/state/property) is possible under conditions x2; x1 may/might occur; x1 is a | /:/ [also possibility] /=/ cumki (cum cu'i) *meadow, x1 is a blade/expanse of grass of species x2 /:/ [lawn/| (= sasfoi)] /=/ srasu (sas) *meadow, x1 is a field [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad uniform expanse of x2 /:/ [also woods (= ricfoi), lawn/| (= sasfoi), brush (= spafoi, cicyspafoi)] /=/ foldi (flo foi) *meager, x1 is poor/indigent/impoverished/lacking in goods/possessions/property x2 /:/ x2 is scanty/| for x1 /=/ pindi (pid) &meal dish, x2 of sanmi &meal, x1 of sanmi *meal, x1 (mass) is a | composed of dishes including x2 /:/ [x2 is a course/dish of | x1 (= selsai for reordered places)] /=/ sanmi (sai) *mean, x1 (person) is cruel/|/unkind to victim x2 /:/ /=/ kusru (kus) *mean, x1 [value] is a norm/average in property/amount x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard x4 /:/ [also |, normal, usual; (x3 specifies the complete set)] /=/ cnano (na'o) *meaning (interpretation), x1 is a |/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted by x3 /:/ [referential | (=selsni, snismu)] /=/ smuni (mun smu) *meaning (| of a binary metaphor), x4 of: x1 is a binary metaphor formed with x2 modifying x3, giving | x4 in language x5 /:/ (x2 and x3 are both text or both si'o concept) /=/ tanru (tau) *meaning (| of a compound predicate word), x2 of: x1 (text) is a compound predicate word with | x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4 /:/ /=/ lujvo (luv jvo) *meaning (| of a sign/symbol), x2 of: x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/| x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) *meaning (| of a structure word), x3 of: x1 is a structure word of grammatical class x2, with |/function x3 in language x4 /:/ [cmavo list, if physical object (= (loi) ma'oste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new cmavo to the cmavo list = ma'orpoi, ma'orselcmi,ma'orselste)] /=/ cmavo (ma'o) *meaning (| of a word), x2 of: x1 is a word |/causing x2 in language x3; (adjective: x1 is lexical/verbal) /:/ /=/ valsi (val vla) &meaning of affix compound, x2 of lujvo &meaning, x1 of smuni &meaning, perceive | x3 of smuni &meaning, phrase | x4 of tanru &meaning, structure word | x3 of cmavo &meaning, tanru | x4 of tanru &meaning, thing having | x2 of smuni &meaning, word | x2 of valsi *meaningful, x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/|/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) &means to success, x3 of snada &means, x2 of mukti &means, x2 of smuni &means, x2 of zukte &means, excretion | x4 of vikmi &means, flight | x2 of vofli &means, imprisonment | x3 of pinfu &means, propulsion | x4 of marce &means, pumping | x5 of pambe &means, support | x4 of sarji &means, transfer | x5 of benji &means, transportation | x5 of klama &means, travel | x3 of litru *measure (test), x1 (process/event) is a test for/proof of property/state x2 in subject x3 (individuals/set/mass) /:/ [also examination, proxy |, validation; (a set in x3 must be completely specified)] /=/ cipra (cip) &measure, x1 of merli &measure, x2 of gradu &measure, x2 of klani *measure, x1 (agent) |-s/evaluates x2 [quantity] as x3 units on scale x4 (si'o), with accuracy x5 /:/ /=/ merli (mre) *measure, x1 is x2 radian(s) [metric unit] in angular | (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ [measured in degrees (julra'o); right ascension [astronomical measurement] (= cacryra'o)] /=/ radno (ra'o) *measured (of a quantity), x1 is a quantity quantified/|/enumerated by x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si'o) /:/ [also count] /=/ klani (lai) *measured (of a value, in major money units), x1 is | in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 /:/ [also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value] /=/ rupnu (rup ru'u) *measured (of a value, in money subunits), x1 is | in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) *measured (of dimness), x1 is dim/dull/pale/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as received/| by observer x3 /:/ [in colors, indicates unsaturated, pastel, pale (though blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)] /=/ kandi (kad) *measured (of intensity), x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/| by observer x3 /:/ [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)] /=/ carmi (cam cai) &measured by clock, x2 of junla &measured by unit, x3 of gradu &measured in .001's, x2 of milti &measured in 10's, thing | x2 of dekto &measured on scale, x2 of ckilu &measured, x2 of merli *measured, x1 is x2 meter(s) [metric unit] in length (default is 1) | in direction x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ mitre (tre) *measured, x1 is x2 radian(s) [metric unit] in angular measure (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ [| in degrees (julra'o); right ascension [astronomical measurement] (= cacryra'o)] /=/ radno (ra'o) *measurement (data/statistic), x1 (du'u) [fact/|] is data/information/statistic(s) about x2 gathered by method x3 /:/ [evidence (= velji'i datni or just velji'i, ti'irdatni)] /=/ datni *measurement (exact |), x1 [|/match] is exact/precise to precision x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) /:/ /=/ satci &measurement accuracy, x5 of merli *measurement standard (| for long), x3 of: x1 is long in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by | x3 /:/ /=/ clani (cla) *measurement standard (| for short), x3 of: x1 is short in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by | x3 /:/ /=/ tordu (tor to'u) &measurement, x3 of merli *measurement, x1 is a quantity quantified/measured by | x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si'o) /:/ [also count] /=/ klani (lai) *measurement, x1 is x2 radian(s) [metric unit] in angular measure (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ [measured in degrees (julra'o); right ascension [astronomical |] (= cacryra'o)] /=/ radno (ra'o) *measures, x1 (agent) |/evaluates x2 [quantity] as x3 units on scale x4 (si'o), with accuracy x5 /:/ /=/ merli (mre) *measuring (of a clock/timer), x1 is clock/watch/timer | time units x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism/method x4 /:/ [also timepiece] /=/ junla (jul) *measuring (of a frame of reference), x1 is a frame of reference/standard for observing/|/determining x2, with/by rules x3 /:/ (x1 may be object or si'o idea) /=/ manri (mar) *measuring (of a scale of units), x1 (si'o) is a scale of units for |/observing/determining x2 (state) /:/ /=/ ckilu (ci'u) *measuring (of a unit of scale), x1 [magnitude] is a unit/degree of/on scale/reference standard x2 (si'o) | property x3 /:/ [also grade, level, point; x3 dimension] /=/ gradu (rau) &measuring scale, x4 of merli &meat source, x2 of rectu &meat, x1 of rectu *meat, x1 is a quantity of/contains |/flesh from source/animal x2 /:/ /=/ rectu (rec re'u) *mechanism (device/apparatus), x1 is apparatus/|/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by x3 (agent) /:/ [form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)] /=/ cabra (ca'a) *mechanism (for braking), x3 of: x1 (agent) brakes/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/|/principle x3 /:/ /=/ jabre *mechanism (locking |), x3 of: x1 is a lock/seal of/on/for sealing x2 with/by locking | x3 /:/ /=/ stela (tel) *mechanism (machine/automated apparatus), x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [automated apparatus, without direct function control] /:/ [also machinery/|; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)] /=/ minji (mi'i) *mechanism (timing |), x4 of: x1 is clock/watch/timer measuring time units x2 to precision x3 with timing |/method x4 /:/ [also timepiece] /=/ junla (jul) *mechanism (underlying |: explanation), x4 of: x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du'u) /:/ [explanation x4 is an underlying |/details/purpose/method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word not a simple expression of cause] /=/ ciksi (cki) *mechanism (unlockable), x2 of: x1 is a key fitting/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3 /:/ [also x2 fastener, |; code key (= termifckiku, ckitermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth] /=/ ckiku (kik) &mechanism, clock | x4 of junla &mechanism, lock | x3 of stela *medial (neutral, not taking a side), x1 is neutral/not taking sides/|/not towards any extreme on scale/in dissension x2 /:/ [also x2 dispute/struggle (though x2 is not limited to disagreements, which is merely one manifestation of scalar or distributed values in which there is a | position)] /=/ nutli (nul nu'i) *medic, x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also |; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) *medical condition (something treated/cured), x3 of: x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for | x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) &medical condition, x3 of spita &medical treatment, x4 of mikce *medical treatment, x4 of: x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by |/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) *medical, x1 or x4 of: x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is |; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) *medium (book |), x5 of: x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in | x5 /:/ [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) *medium (camera recording |), x3 of: x1 is a camera/photographic equipment recording illumination type x2 images to | x3 /:/ /=/ kacma *medium (copy |), x3 of: x1 is a copy/replica/duplicate/clone of x2 in form/| x3 made by method x4 (event) /:/ /=/ fukpi (fuk fu'i) *medium (expressive |), x4 of: x1 (agent) expresses/says x2 (sedu'u/text/lu'e concept) for audience x3 via expressive | x4 /:/ [also says] /=/ cusku (cus sku) *medium (illustration |), x4 of: x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in | x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)] /=/ pixra (pir xra) *medium (separating |), x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating | x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) *medium (storage | of inscription), x3 of: x1 inscribes/writes x2 on display/storage | x3 with writing implement x4; x1 is a scribe /:/ [also x3 writing surface] /=/ ciska (ci'a) *medium (substrate | responding to stylus), x2 of: x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 /:/ [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate | x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)] /=/ pinsi (pis) *medium (televised |/channel), x3 of: x1 [broadcaster] televises programming x2 via |/channel x3 to television receiver x4 /:/ [x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) *medium (transmission |), x5 of: x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to/towards receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/| x5 /:/ [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier] /=/ benji (bej be'i) *medium (| carrying a wave), x1 is a wave [periodic pattern] in | x2, wave-form x3, wave-length x4, frequency x5 /:/ /=/ boxna (bon bo'a) *medium (| containing dust), x3 of: x1 is dust/precipitate [suspensible solid] from x2 in |/on surface x3 /:/ /=/ pulce (puc pu'e) *medium (| of a list), x4 of: x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in | x4 /:/ [also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified) /=/ liste (ste) *medium (| of a record), x4 of: x1 is a record of x2 (data/facts/du'u) about x3 (object/event) preserved in | x4 /:/ /=/ vreji (rej vei) *medium (| passed through), x2 of: x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/|/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) *medium (| where a vehicle travels), x3 of: x1 is a vehicle/mode of transport carrying x2 in/on surface/| x3, propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ marce (ma'e) &medium for vehicle, x3 of marce &medium of transfer, x5 of benji &medium, book | x5 of cukta &medium, copy | x3 of fukpi &medium, expression | x4 of cusku &medium, list | x4 of liste &medium, photographic | x3 of kacma &medium, picture | x4 of pixra &medium, recording | x3 of vreji &medium, wave | x2 of boxna &meet firmness, x2 of jdari &meet, x1 of penmi *meet, x1 |-s/encounters x2 at/in location x3 /:/ /=/ penmi (pen pe'i) &meeting place, x3 of penmi &meeting stiffness, x3 of tinsa *meets, x1 |/encounters x2 at/in location x3 /:/ /=/ penmi (pen pe'i) *mega- (metric prefix), x1 is a million [1x10**6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ megdo (meg) *melodic (singable), x2 of: x1 sings/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/| sounds] to audience x3 /:/ [melody (= sa'azgi, ralsa'azgi), harmony (= saxsa'azgi), harmonize/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)] /=/ sanga (sag sa'a) *melody (song), x2 of: x1 sings/chants x2 [song/hymn/|/melodic sounds] to audience x3 /:/ [| (= sa'azgi, ralsa'azgi), harmony (= saxsa'azgi), harmonize/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)] /=/ sanga (sag sa'a) *melody (whistled |), x2 of: x1 [sound source] whistles/makes whistling sound/note/tone/| x2 /:/ /=/ siclu (sil) &melon species, x2 of guzme &melon, x1 of guzme *melon, x1 is a |/squash [fruit/plant] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ guzme (guz zme) &melt, x1 of runme *melt, x1 |-s [becomes liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [x1 runs (= rumfle)] /=/ runme (rum) &melting point, x2 of runme &melting pressure, x3 of runme *melts, x1 | [becomes liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [x1 runs (= rumfle)] /=/ runme (rum) *member (non-immediate family |), x1 is cousin to x2 by bond/tie x3; [non-immediate family |, default same generation] /:/ [probably preferred for metaphorical siblings (over bruna)] /=/ tamne *member (rare | of set), x1 [|] is rare/unusual/uncommon/atypical in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ (x3 is complete specification of set) /=/ rirci *member (| of a family), x1 (mass) is a family with |-s including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard x3 /:/ [also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a | of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places), relative of (= lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)] /=/ lanzu (laz) *member (| of parent's generation), x1 is an aunt/uncle of x2 by bond/tie x3; x1 is an associated | of x2's parent's generation /:/ /=/ famti *member (| of set), x1 is a |/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group x2 /:/ [x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of |-s; x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the |-ship] /=/ cmima (mim cmi) &member, x1 of cmima &member, family | x2 of lanzu &member, set of | x2 of cmima *members (| having properties in common), x2 of: x1 (property - ka) is common/general/universal among | of set x2 (complete set) /:/ /=/ kampu (kau) *members (| of a family), x2 of: x1 (mass) is a family with | including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard x3 /:/ [also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places), relative of (= lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)] /=/ lanzu (laz) *members (| of a group/team having some common property), x3 of: x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 /:/ [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; | x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)] /=/ girzu (gir gri) *members (| of a set having a typical value for a property), x3 of: x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among | of x3 (set) /:/ [also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)] /=/ fadni (fad) *members (| of a set, some of which have a rare property), x3 of: x1 [member] is rare/unusual/uncommon/atypical in property x2 (ka) among | of x3 (set) /:/ (x3 is complete specification of set) /=/ rirci *members (| of a subset), x2 of: x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are |/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) *members (| of set mutually acting), x1 (set) has | who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) /:/ [| of x1 do to each other/one another x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing to each other] /=/ simxu (sim si'u) &members, crew | x2 of bende &members, team | x2 of bende &membership, x3 of girzu *membership, x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group x2 /:/ [x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the |] /=/ cmima (mim cmi) *membrane (as a closure for a portal), x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable |] /=/ ganlo (ga'o) *memo, x1 is a message/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4 /:/ [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended' audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for 'content'); reminder/|/note (= mojnoi)] /=/ notci (not noi) *memorandum, x1 is a message/notice/| about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4 /:/ [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended' audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for 'content'); reminder/memo/note (= mojnoi)] /=/ notci (not noi) *memory (something remembered), x2 of: x1 remembers/recalls/recollects fact(s)/| x2 (du'u) about subject x3 /:/ /=/ morji (moj mo'i) &memory subject, x3 of morji &memory, x2 of morji *men, x1 is a man/|; x1 is a male humanoid person [not necessarily adult] /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)] /=/ nanmu (nau) *mends, x1 repairs/|/fixes x2 for use x3 /:/ [a repair may be incomplete, fixing only one of the possible uses of x2, hence x3] /=/ cikre *mental (in the imagination), x1 [concept] exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is | (one sense), x1 is unreal (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not imply that it doesn't exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so that one can talk about imaginary things without claiming that they thereby really exist] /=/ xanri (xar) *mental (metaphorical, of the brain), x1 is a/the brain [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: intelligence, | control] /:/ [also cerebral] /=/ besna (ben) *mental (of a mind), x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |/psychological/a | phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so'i menli)] /=/ menli (men) *mental (of something thought about), x2 of: x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 /:/ [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is | (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)] /=/ pensi (pes pei) *mental awareness, x1 is conscious/aware of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/recognizes x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also: x1 knows [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies some amount of | processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, and may also be applied to | relationships that are not detected by the senses] /=/ sanji (saj) *mental rigidity, x1 is stiff/rigid/inflexible/resistant in direction x2 against force x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also sometimes: firm, hard; not limited to physical forces; e.g. | rigidity] /=/ tinsa *mentality, x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/|/[consciousness] of body x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so'i menli)] /=/ menli (men) &mentioned, x2 of pinka *mentors, x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 |/acts parental toward child/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) *meow, x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, |, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) *merchant, x1 or x4 of: x1 exchanges/trades/barters commodity/service x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/|/businessman /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics) /=/ canja (caj) &mercury, x1 of margu *mercury, x1 is a quantity of/contains/made of |/quicksilver; [metaphor: fluid metal; temperature] /:/ /=/ margu (mag) *merit (| reward), x1 (ni) is the equivalent value/worth of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use/appreciation x4 /:/ [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva'i for reordered places); | reward (= nemselva'i); receive merited reward (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erva'i, po'erselva'i for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vamji (vam va'i) *merited (receive | reward), x1 (ni) is the equivalent value/worth of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use/appreciation x4 /:/ [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva'i for reordered places); merit reward (= nemselva'i); receive | reward (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erva'i, po'erselva'i for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vamji (vam va'i) *merits (earns), x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/|] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity) /:/ [also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna *merits (has value/worth), x2 of: x1 (ni) is the equivalent value/worth of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use/appreciation x4 /:/ [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 | (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva'i for reordered places); merit reward (= nemselva'i); receive merited reward (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erva'i, po'erselva'i for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vamji (vam va'i) *merry, x1 is happy/gay/|/glad/gleeful about x2 (event/state) /:/ [adversity (= kamnalgei)] /=/ gleki (gek gei) &message subject, x2 of notci &message, x1 of notci &message, receive | x4 of notci &message, send | x3 of notci *message, x1 is a |/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4 /:/ [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended' audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for 'content'); reminder/memo/note (= mojnoi)] /=/ notci (not noi) &met, x2 of penmi *metal (alkali |), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali | of type x2 [default sodium] /:/ [also potassium, lithium, cesium]; [soda] /=/ sodna *metal (general category of substance), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of made of | of composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is metallic] /=/ jinme (jim) *metal (lead: heavy, malleable, soft), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of lead (Pb); [metaphor: heavy, malleable, soft |] /:/ /=/ cnisa (nis) *metal (mercury: fluid :), x1 is a quantity of/contains/made of mercury/quicksilver; [metaphor: fluid |; temperature] /:/ /=/ margu (mag) *metal (nickel: resisitant to oxidation), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of nickel/other | resistant to oxidation /:/ /=/ nikle (nik) *metal (tin, base |: cheap), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of tin (Sn); [metaphor: cheap or base |] /:/ /=/ tinci *metal (zinc: hard |), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of zinc (Zn); [metaphor: hard |] /:/ /=/ zinki (zin zi'i) *metal (| derived from ore), x2 of: x1 is/contains/is made from a mineral/ore of type/| x2 mined from location/lode/mine x3 /:/ /=/ kunra (kun) *metal (| surface, shiny, non-tarnishing), x1 is a highly reflective/polished non-tarnishing metallic surface, of | x2 [often chromium] /:/ /=/ romge (rog) &metal composition, x2 of jinme &metal, x1 of jinme &metal, alkali type | x2 of sodna &metal, chrome | x2 of romge @metal, see also "bronze", "brass" *metallic (made of metal), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of made of metal of composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ jinme (jim) *metallic (shiny, non-tarnishing), x1 is a highly reflective/polished non-tarnishing | surface, of metal x2 [often chromium] /:/ /=/ romge (rog) &metaphor of affix compound, x4 of lujvo *metaphysics (| indicating falsehood), x2 of: x1 (du'u) is false/is an untruth by standard/epistemology/| x2 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jitfa (jif) *metaphysics (| indicating reality), x3 of: x1 exists/is real/actual/reality for x2 under | x3 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; [x1 is physical (one sense)] /=/ zasti (zat za'i) *metaphysics (| indicating truth), x2 of: x1 (du'u) is true/truth by standard/epistemology/| x2 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jetnu (jet je'u) *meteorological, x1 is weather at place/region x2; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ [climate (= citsyti'a, timymo'a)] /=/ tcima (tim ti'a) &meter standard, x4 of mitre &meter, x1 of mitre *meter, x1 is x2 |(s) [metric unit] in length (default is 1) measured in direction x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ mitre (tre) &meters direction, x3 of mitre &meters, number of | x2 of mitre &meters, size in | x2 of mitre *method (as an explanation), x4 of: x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du'u) /:/ [explanation x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpose/| for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word not a simple expression of cause] /=/ ciksi (cki) %method (constituting an event of trying), x4 of: x1 is a try/attempt/effort, an event of x2 trying/attempting/making an effort to do/attain x3 (event/state/property) by actions/| x4 /:/ /=/ nuntoi *method (copying |), x1 is a copy/replica/duplicate/clone of x2 in form/medium x3 made by | x4 (event) /:/ /=/ fukpi (fuk fu'i) *method (knowledge of |, know how to), x2 of: x1 knows fact(s) x2 (du'u) about subject x3 by epistemology x4 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place; know how to - implying knowledge of | but not necessarily having the ability to practice (= tadjyju'o)] /=/ djuno (jun ju'o) *method (learning |), x5 of: x1 learns x2 (du'u) about subject x3 from source x4 (object/event) by | x5 (event/process) /:/ /=/ cilre (cli) *method (process for doing something), x1 [process] is a |/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 /:/ [also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)] /=/ tadji *method (teaching |), x5 of: x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by | x5 (event) /:/ [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] /=/ ctuca (ctu) *method (timing | of a clock), x4 of: x1 is clock/watch/timer measuring time units x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism/| x4 /:/ [also timepiece] /=/ junla (jul) *method (| of analysis), x3 of: x1 analyzes/examines-in-detail x2 by |/technique/system x3 [process/activity] /:/ /=/ lanli (lal) *method (| of data gathering), x3 of: x1 (du'u) [fact/measurement] is data/information/statistic(s) about x2 gathered by | x3 /:/ [evidence (= velji'i datni or just velji'i, ti'irdatni)] /=/ datni *method (| of food preparation), x3 of: x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/| x3 (process) /:/ [cook with heat (= glajukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)] /=/ jukpa (jup) *method (| of introducing vaccine), x4 of: x1 is a vaccine/immune-system stimulant protecting x2 against disease x3 introduced by | x4 /:/ [also serum; inoculation (= jestu'u veljinku)] /=/ jinku *method (| of keeping something hidden), x4 of: x1 keeps x2 secret/hidden from x3 by | x4; x2 is a secret; x1 hides/conceals x2 /:/ [intransitive hidden/secret, without an agent (= selcri or nalterju'o); secret (= selmipri)] /=/ mipri (mip) *method (| of killing), x3 of: x1 (agent) kills/slaughters/murders x2 by action/| x3 /:/ /=/ catra *method (| of medical treatment), x4 of: x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/|; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) *method (| of partition), x4 of: x1 (agent) divides/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/individuals x3 by |/partition x4 (an object in x4 usually requires tu'a) /:/ [also segments] /=/ fendi (fed) *method (| of trying), x3 of: x1 tries/attempts/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/| x3 /:/ [also experiments at] /=/ troci (toc toi) &method conditions, x3 of tadji &method, x1 of tadji &method, analysis | x3 of lanli &method, cooking | x3 of jukpa &method, copying | x4 of fukpi &method, division | x4 of fendi &method, done by | x2 of tadji &method, killing | x3 of catra &method, learning | x5 of cilre &method, plane propelling | x3 of vinji &method, secrecy | x4 of mipri &method, teaching | x5 of ctuca &method, trying | x3 of troci &method, vaccination | x4 of jinku *methodology (| of a science), x3 of: x1 (mass of facts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on | x3 /:/ [not limited to science as derived by the scientific method, but pertaining to any body of usually-coherent knowledge garnered/gathered/assembled by a consistent |] /=/ saske (ske) &methodology, science | x3 of saske *methods (| of a logic), x1 [rules/|] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u) /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical] /=/ logji (loj) *methods (| taught), x3 of: x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/|/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) /:/ [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] /=/ ctuca (ctu) &methods/facts, taught | x3 of ctuca *metric, x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-|; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-| system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ dekpu *metric, x1 is x2 (default 1) local weight unit(s) [non-|], standard x3, subunits [e.g. ounces] x4 /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ bunda (bud) *metric, x1 is x2 (default 1) long local distance unit(s) [non-|], x3 subunits, standard x4 /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ minli *metric, x1 is x2 (default 1) short local distance unit(s) [non-|], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [foot (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjamgutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ gutci (guc) *metric, x1 is x2 ampere(s) [| unit] in current (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ xampo (xap xa'o) *metric, x1 is x2 candela [| unit] in luminosity (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ delno (del de'o) *metric, x1 is x2 degree(s) Kelvin [| unit] in temperature (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ kelvo (ke'o) *metric, x1 is x2 gram(s) [| unit] in mass (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ grake (gra) *metric, x1 is x2 liter(s) [| unit] in volume (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ litce (lic) *metric, x1 is x2 local area unit(s) [non-|] (default 1) by standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ kramu *metric, x1 is x2 meter(s) [| unit] in length (default is 1) measured in direction x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ mitre (tre) *metric, x1 is x2 mole(s) [| unit] in substance (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ molro (mo'o) *metric, x1 is x2 radian(s) [| unit] in angular measure (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ [measured in degrees (julra'o); right ascension [astronomical measurement] (= cacryra'o)] /=/ radno (ra'o) *metric, x1 is x2 steradian(s) [| unit] in solid angle (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ stero (te'o) *metro, x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), |, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) *metropolis (| of a suburb), x2 of: x1 is a suburban area of city/| x2 /:/ /=/ jarbu *metropolitan area (| of a town), x2 of: x1 is a town/city of | x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/region x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is urban] /=/ tcadu (tca) *MEX (Loglan project abbreviation for 'mathematical expression'), x1 [quantifier/expression] is a mathematical expression interpreted under rules/convention x2 /:/ /=/ mekso (mek me'o) &MEX, x1 of mekso &MEX, rules for | x2 of mekso &Mexican aspect, x2 of mexno &Mexican, x1 of mexno *Mexican, x1 reflects | culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ mexno (mex) *micro- (metric prefix), x1 is a millionth [1x10**-6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ mikri (mik) *microbe, x1 is a bacteria/germ/|/protozoan/amoeba [1-celled life] of species/defining property x2 /:/ /=/ jurme (jum) &middle, x1 of midju &middle, thing having at | x2 of midju *middle, x1 is in/at the |/center/midpoint/[is a focus] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is central /:/ /=/ midju (mij) *Middle-Eastern, x1 reflects Semitic [metaphor: |] language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ [Semitic includes Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Ethiopian, among others] /=/ semto (sme) *middling, x1 is mild/non-extreme/gentle/|/somewhat in property x2 (ka); x1 is not very x2 /:/ /=/ milxe (mli) *midpoint, x1 is in/at the middle/center/|/[is a focus] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is central /:/ /=/ midju (mij) *midsection (metaphorical of abdomen), x1 is a/the abdomen/belly/lower trunk [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: |] /:/ [also stomach (= djaruntyrango)] /=/ betfu (bef be'u) *midwife, x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/| to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) *might (| happen), x1 (event/state/property) is possible under conditions x2; x1 may/| occur; x1 is a maybe /:/ [also possibility] /=/ cumki (cum cu'i) &mild, x1 of milxe *mild, x1 is |/non-extreme/gentle/middling/somewhat in property x2 (ka); x1 is not very x2 /:/ /=/ milxe (mli) &mildness property, x2 of milxe *mile (sound clue, cultural example of general class), x1 is x2 (default 1) long local distance unit(s) [non-metric], x3 subunits, standard x4 /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ minli &mile standard, x4 of minli &mile, x1 of minli &miles, number of | x2 of minli &miles, size in | x2 of minli &miles, subunits of | x3 of minli *military (regimented/strongly organized), x1 is |/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)]; (cf. jenmi for a | force) /=/ bilni (bil) *military police, x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 /:/ [police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljyselsoi); | (= jempulji, bilpulji)] /=/ pulji &military purpose, x3 of bilni &military system, x2 of bilni &military, thing which is | x1 of bilni &milk source, x2 of ladru &milk, x1 of ladru *milk, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of | from source x2; (adjective:) x1 is lactic/dairy /:/ /=/ ladru (lad) *mill (factory producing product), x1 is a factory/foundry/industrial plant/| producing x2 from materials x3 /:/ /=/ fanri *mill (plant performing process), x1 is a |/foundry/industrial plant/[assembly line] performing process x2 /:/ [(unlike fanri,) need not produce a product; grain | (= grumlo), grinding | (= zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca'a)] /=/ molki (mlo) &mill location, x4 of molki &mill process, x2 of molki &mill, x1 of molki &millet species, x2 of cunmi &millet, x1 of cunmi *millet, x1 is a quantity of | [grain] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ cunmi *milli- (metric prefix), x1 is a thousandth [1/1000; 1x10**-3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ milti (mil) *milliard, x1 is a billion [British |] [1x10**9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ gigdo (gig gi'o) *million, x1 is a | [1x10**6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ megdo (meg) *millionth, x1 is a | [1x10**-6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ mikri (mik) &mind, x1 of menli &mind, thing having | x2 of menli *mind, x1 is a |/intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so'i menli)] /=/ menli (men) *mine, x3 of: x1 is/contains/is made from a mineral/ore of type/metal x2 mined from location/lode/| x3 /:/ /=/ kunra (kun) *mined, x2 of: x1 is/contains/is made from a mineral/ore of type/metal x2 | from location/lode/mine x3 /:/ /=/ kunra (kun) &mineral source, x3 of kunra &mineral type, x2 of kunra &mineral, x1 of kunra *mineral, x1 is/contains/is made from a |/ore of type/metal x2 mined from location/lode/mine x3 /:/ /=/ kunra (kun) *mingles, x2 of: x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 |/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)] /=/ mixre (mix xre) &minuend, x3 of vimcu &minute standard, x3 of mentu &minute, x1 of mentu *minute, x1 is x2 minutes in duration (default is 1 |) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ mentu (met me'u) *minutes (part of time-of-day), x1 [hours, {|}, {seconds}] is the time/hour of state/event x2 on day x3 at location x4 /:/ [also o'clock]; (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi) /=/ tcika *minutes (| in duration), x1 is x2 | in duration (default is 1 minute) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ mentu (met me'u) &minutes, duration in | x2 of mentu &minutes, lasts in | x1 of mentu &minutes, number of | x2 of mentu &miracle-worker, x3 of makfa *mirror, x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a |/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) *mirrors, x1 reflects/|/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) &miscellaneous, x1 of vrici *miscellaneous, x1 (set/mass/individual) is |/various/assorted in property x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ vrici *misguided, x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sezytcica); deceive/trick into | action (= ticyxlu); | belief (= tickri); lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) *misleads, x1 (event/experience) |/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) *missile (ballistic projectile), x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/|] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) *missile (something launched/shot), x2 of: x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/| x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] /:/ [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) *missile (something thrown/hurled), x1 throws/launches/casts/hurls projectile/| x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally to x1) /:/ , danti) /=/ renro (rer re'o) &missile, x2 of cecla &missing, x2 of claxu *missive, x1 is a letter/|/[note] to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with content x4 /:/ /=/ xatra (xa'a) *mist, x1 is foggy/misty/covered by a fog/|/vapor of liquid x2 /:/ /=/ bumru (bum) &mistake, x2 of srera *mistake, x2 of: x1 errs in doing/being/making | x2 (event), an error under conditions x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ srera (sre) *misty, x1 is foggy/|/covered by a fog/mist/vapor of liquid x2 /:/ /=/ bumru (bum) *mitten, x1 is a |/glove [hand and lower arm garment] of material x2 /:/ [| (= degycauglu)] /=/ gluta (glu) &mixed in, x2 of mixre &mixed, x2 of jicla &mixer, x1 of jicla *mixes (stirs), x1 (object, or event: force) stirs/|/[roils/agitates] fluid (gas/liquid) x2 /:/ [convection (= nenflejicla); agentive stirring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)] /=/ jicla *mixes (| into), x2 of: x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 mingles/|/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)] /=/ mixre (mix xre) &mixture, x1 of mixre *mixture, x1 (mass) is a |/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)] /=/ mixre (mix xre) *Mizraim (Egyptian Arabic for 'Egypt'), x1 reflects Egyptian culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ misro &moan (v), x1 of cmoni &moan, x2 of cmoni &moan, expressed by | x3 of cmoni *moan, x1 utters |/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) &moaned, is | x2 of cmoni &moaner, x1 of cmoni *mobile, x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also | (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) *mocks, x1 ridicules/|/scoffs at x2 about x3 (property/event) by doing activity x4 (event) /:/ /=/ ckasu (cas) *mode of transport, x1 is a vehicle/| carrying x2 in/on surface/medium x3, propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ marce (ma'e) *mode, x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means/practice/way/| for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 /:/ [style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)] /=/ tadji *model (conceptual form), x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); | (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)] /=/ tarmi (tam tai) *model (structure of a pattern), x3 of: x1 is/reflects/represents a pattern of forms/events x2 arranged according to structure x3 /:/ [x3 is a [|] for x1 (= termontai, termonsi'o); image (= gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, selmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the ideal)] /=/ morna (mon mo'a) *model (| determining dimensions), x3 of: x1 (property - ka) is a dimension of space/object x2 according to rules/| x3 /:/ /=/ cimde &model, x2 of pixra &model, dimensional | x3 of cimde *modem, x1 is a telephone transceiver/| attached to system/network x2 /:/ /=/ fonxa (fon) *modest, x1 is humble/| about x2 (abstraction); x1 displays humility about x2 /:/ /=/ cumla (cul) &modificand, phrase | x3 of tanru &modified from, x2 of galfi &modified into, x3 of galfi &modified, x3 of tanru &modifier, x2 of tanru &modifier, phrase | x2 of tanru *modifies, x1 (event) |/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3 /:/ [causal, resultative change; agentive modify (= gafygau, gafyzu'e)] /=/ galfi (gaf ga'i) &modify, x1 of galfi *modify, x1 (event) |-es/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3 /:/ [causal, resultative change; agentive modify (= gafygau, gafyzu'e)] /=/ galfi (gaf ga'i) *modifying (of terms in a binary metaphor), x1 is a binary metaphor formed with x2 | x3, giving meaning x4 in language x5 /:/ (x2 and x3 are both text or both si'o concept) /=/ tanru (tau) &modulus, x3 of dilcu *moist (damp), x1 is |/wet/damp with liquid x2 /:/ /=/ cilmo (cim) *moist (slurry/paste), x1 is paste/pulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, | solid] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ pesxu (pex) *moist (| dirt, clay), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of clay [|, clammy dirt] of composition including x2 /:/ /=/ kliti (kit) &moist, thing which is | x1 of cilmo &moisture, x2 of cilmo &mold on, x3 of mledi &mold species, x2 of mledi &mold, x1 of mledi *mold, x1 is a |/fungus/mushrooms/truffles of species/strain x2 parasitic/growing on x3 /:/ /=/ mledi (led) *moldable (of wax), x1 is quantity of wax [substance especially soft/| when warm] from source x2 /:/ [also paraffin] /=/ lakse (lak) *moldable (soft/ malleable), x1 is soft/malleable/|/yielding to force x2 in conditions x3 /:/ /=/ ranti (ran) &molding force, x2 of ranti &molds, x2 of ranti &moldy, x3 of mledi &mole standard, x3 of molro &mole, x1 of molro *mole, x1 is x2 |(s) [metric unit] in substance (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ molro (mo'o) *molecule, x1 is a cell/atom/unit/| of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most basic subunit of x2 /:/ (x2 generally has mass nature) /=/ selci (sle) &moles, number of | x2 of molro &moles, quantity in | x2 of molro *mollusk, x1 is a worm/invertebrate animal of species/breed x2 /:/ [also |, snail (= cakcurnu), shellfish (= xaskemcakcurnu, xaskemcakydja); the generalization to invertebrate is because almost all multicellular invertebrates are indeed wormlike] /=/ curnu (cur) *mom, x1 is a mother/| of x2; x1 bears/mothers/acts maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ mamta (mam) *moment, x1 is a point/instant/| [0-dimensional shape/form] in/on/at time/place x2 /:/ [x1 is dimensionless] /=/ mokca (moc) *monetary (of money), x1 is money/currency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/|/pecuniary/fiscal /:/ ['currency' sometimes is restricted to paper money (= pledi'i)] /=/ jdini (din di'i) *monetary subunit, x1 is measured in kopeck/cent/| as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) *monetary system (| of major-money unit), x3 of: x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), in | x3 /:/ [also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value] /=/ rupnu (rup ru'u) *monetary system (| of monetary subunit), x3 of: x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in | x3 /:/ [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) *monetary unit (major |), x1 is measured in major-| (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 /:/ [also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value] /=/ rupnu (rup ru'u) *money (coin/currency), x1 is |/currency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fiscal /:/ ['currency' sometimes is restricted to paper | (= pledi'i)] /=/ jdini (din di'i) *money (major | unit), x1 is measured in major-|-unit (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 /:/ [also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value] /=/ rupnu (rup ru'u) *money (| subunit), x1 is measured in kopeck/cent/| subunit as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) &money system of cent, x3 of fepni &money system, x3 of rupnu &money, x1 of jdini &money, issue | x2 of jdini *monitor (video |), x1 is a video |/CRT/screen [machine] serving function x2 /:/ /=/ vidni &monkey species, x2 of smani &monkey, x1 of smani *monkey, x1 is a |/ape/simian/baboon/chimpanzee of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ smani &monomer, plastic | x2 of slasi *monorail, x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; | (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) *month (part of date), x1 is the date [day,{week},{|},year] of event/state x2, at location x3, by calendar x4 /:/ (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi) /=/ detri (det) &month standard, x3 of masti &month, x1 of masti *months in duration, x1 is x2 months in duration (default is 1 |) by | standard x3 /:/ [this | (= cabma'i); next | (= bavylamyma'i); last | (= prulamyma'i)] /=/ masti (ma'i) &months, duration in | x2 of masti &months, lasts in | x1 of masti &months, number of | x2 of masti *months, x1 is x2 | in duration (default is 1 month) by month standard x3 /:/ [this month (= cabma'i); next month (= bavylamyma'i); last month (= prulamyma'i)] /=/ masti (ma'i) *monument, x1 is a temple/church/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving area x3 /:/ [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) | (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)] /=/ malsi (mas) *moo, x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, |, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) *mood, x1 feels emotion x2 (ka) about x3 /:/ [also |/humor (= nuncni)] /=/ cinmo (cni) &moon primary, x2 of lunra *moon, x1 is a satellite/| orbiting x2 with characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ mluni (lun) *moon, x1 is Earth's | (default); x1 is a major natural satellite/| of planet x2 /:/ /=/ lunra (lur) *moose, x1 is a deer/elk/|/[hart/stag/doe] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ mirli *moral (virtuous), x1 is virtuous/saintly/[fine/|/nice/holy/morally good] by standard x2 /:/ [holy/saintly (= cesyvu'e)] /=/ vrude (vud vu'e) *moral (| of story), x2 of: x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/| x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author] /=/ lisri (lis) *moral standards, x1 are the ethics/morals/|/ethical standards of x2 (individual/mass) about situation x3 /:/ [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)] /=/ marde (mad) &morality conditions, x3 of marde *morally bad, x1 is evil/depraved/wicked [|] by standard x2 /:/ /=/ palci (pac) *morally good, x1 is virtuous/saintly/[fine/moral/nice/holy/|] by standard x2 /:/ [holy/saintly (= cesyvu'e)] /=/ vrude (vud vu'e) &morals, x1 of marde &morals, x2 of palci &morals, thing having | x2 of marde *morals, x1 are the ethics/|/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (individual/mass) about situation x3 /:/ [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)] /=/ marde (mad) &more, x1 of zmadu *more, x1 exceeds/is | than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount/excess x4 /:/ [also positive (= nonmau)] /=/ zmadu (zma mau) &moreness margin, x4 of zmadu &moreness property, x3 of zmadu *morning (before work), x1 is a | [dawn until after typical start-of-work for locale] of day x2 at location x3 /:/ [this | (= cabdeicerni); tomorrow | (= bavlamcerni); yesterday | (= prulamcerni, prulamdeicerni)] /=/ cerni (cer) *morning (dawn), x1 is the [astronomical] twilight/dawn/dusk/half-light/glimmering of day x2 at location x3 /:/ [| twilight, dawn (= cermurse); evening twilight, dusk (= vacmurse)] /=/ murse &morning location, x3 of cerni &morning, x1 of cerni &morning, day of | x2 of cerni &Moroccan aspect, x2 of morko &Moroccan, x1 of morko *Moroccan, x1 reflects | culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ morko (mor) *mort- (sound clue, Latinate root prefix pertaining to death), x1 is dead/has ceased to be alive /:/ [die/|-al (= mrobi'o, co'urji'e)] /=/ morsi (mro) *mortal, x1 is dead/has ceased to be alive /:/ [die/| (= mrobi'o, co'urji'e)] /=/ morsi (mro) *mortified, x1 feels ashamed/|/humiliated under conditions x2 before community/audience x3 /:/ /=/ ckeji (kej cke) &mortifying, x2 of ckeji *Moslem, x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-| culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jegvo (jeg je'o) *Moslem, x1 pertains to the Islamic/|/Koranic [Quranic] culture/religion/nation in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ muslo (mus) &moss species, x2 of clika &moss, thing having | x3 of clika *moss, x1 is a |/lichen of species/strain x2 growing on x3 /:/ /=/ clika &mossy, x1 of clika &mossy, x3 of clika *mossy, x1 is a moss/lichen of species/strain x2 growing on x3; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ /=/ clika *most significant, x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], | significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) @most, see "superlative", "main", "more" *moth, x1 is a butterfly/| of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ toldi (tod) *mother (birthmother), x1 engenders/|-s/begets x2 with coparent x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) *mother (female parent), x1 is a parent of/raises/|-s x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) *mother (one who acts maternally), x1 is a | of x2; x1 bears/mothers/acts maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ mamta (mam) *mother (source of egg/ovum), x2 of: x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [|/father] x2 /:/ [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi] /=/ sovda (sov so'a) *mother (source of female component of an embryo, carrier of an embryo), x2 of: x1 is an embryo/zygote/fetus/fertilized egg with | x2, and father x3 /:/ /=/ tarbi *mother (| of daughter), x2 of: x1 is a daughter of |/father/parents x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ tixnu (tix ti'u) *mother (| of son), x2 of: x1 is a son of |/father/parents x2 [not necessarily biological] /:/ [also filial] /=/ bersa (bes be'a) &mother, x1 of mamta &mother, x2 of bersa &mother, x2 of tarbi &mother, x2 of tixnu &mother, embryo | x2 of tarbi @mother, see also "born", "offspring", "procreate", "parent", "aunt" *mother-of-pearl, x1 is a gem/polished stone/pearl of type x2 from gemstone/material/source x3 /:/ [also jewel (= jmeja'i); gemstone (= x2, x3, or jmero'i, jmekunra); pearl (= selcakyjme - a gem found inside a shell, tercakyjme - a gem made of shell material, boijme - any ball-shaped gem), | (= cakyjme)] /=/ jemna (jme) &mothered, x2 of mamta *mothers, x1 is a mother of x2; x1 bears/|/acts maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ mamta (mam) *motion (apparant |), x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent | (= mlumu'u)]; (cf. klama (which differs in that the means of | is explicit) /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) *motion (reciprocal |), x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal |] /=/ desku (des) *motion (sudden, violent |), x1 whips/lashes/snaps [a sudden violent |] /:/ /=/ bikla (bik) *motion (| of part of an object), x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), | of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)]; (cf. klama (which differs in that the means of | is explicit) /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) *motion (| slowed by braking), x2 of: x1 (agent) brakes/causes to slow |/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3 /:/ /=/ jabre *motion picture, x1 is a cinema/movie/film/| about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) @motions (going through the |, of a participant in a ritual), consider metaphor "ritual-do" (= ri'irgau) *motions (going through the |, of a ritual), x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 /:/ [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the |']; x4 constraints/customs /=/ ritli (ri'i) *motivated (of an action), x2 of: x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for | action/event x2, per volition of x3 /:/ [also; x3 is motivated to bring about result/goal/objective x2 by x1 (= termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditions' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or within the x2 action level)] /=/ mukti (muk mu'i) *motivated (of an agent), x3 of: x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volition of x3 /:/ [also; x3 is | to bring about result/goal/objective x2 by x1 (= termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditions' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or within the x2 action level)] /=/ mukti (muk mu'i) &motivated, x2 of mukti *motivates, x1 (action/event/state) |/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volition of x3 /:/ [also; x3 is motivated to bring about result/goal/objective x2 by x1 (= termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditions' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or within the x2 action level)] /=/ mukti (muk mu'i) &motive, x1 of mukti &motive, thing having | x3 of mukti *motive, x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a |/incentive for action/event x2, per volition of x3 /:/ [also; x3 is motivated to bring about result/goal/objective x2 by x1 (= termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditions' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or within the x2 action level)] /=/ mukti (muk mu'i) *motor (propelled by sail), x3 of: x1 is a sail for gathering propelling material x2 on vehicle/| x3 /:/ [waterwheel (= jacfanxi'u)] /=/ falnu (fan) *motor vehicle, x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled |] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ karce &motor, x1 of matra *motor, x1 is a |/engine, driving/propelling/providing power to x2 /:/ /=/ matra &motorized, x2 of matra *mound (heap), x1 is a heap/pile/stack/|/hill of materials x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ derxi (dre) *mound (hill), x1 is a mountain/hill/|/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from land/mass x2 /:/ /=/ cmana (ma'a) &mountain, x1 of cmana &mountain, thing having | x2 of cmana *mountain, x1 is a |/hill/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from land/mass x2 /:/ /=/ cmana (ma'a) &mountainous, x2 of cmana *mounts, x1 copulates/fucks/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2 /:/ [x1 and x2 are symmetrical; | (= cpanygle)] /=/ gletu (let gle) &mouse species, x2 of smacu &mouse, x1 of smacu *mouse, x1 is a | of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ smacu &mouth of a river, x4 of rirxe &mouth, x1 of moklu &mouth, thing having | x2 of moklu *mouth, x1 is a/the |/oral cavity [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: entrance/intake for consumption) /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is oral] /=/ moklu (mol mo'u) *move (by agentive push), x1 [agent] shoves/pushes x2 at locus x3 /:/ [| by pushing/shoving (= ca'ermuvgau)] /=/ catke (ca'e) @move (motion along a route), see "travel" *move (motion with alienation, no implied volition, agent), x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive | (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) @move (motion with alienation, self-agent), see "go" @move away (motion with alienation, implied volition, self-agent), see "leave" &move destination, x2 of muvdu &move origin, x3 of muvdu &move path, x4 of muvdu *moves (agent | back, returns), x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 |/gives x2 back to x3 from x4 /:/ [x2 goes back/reverts/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)] /=/ xruti (xru) *moves (general term emphasizing route), x1 travels/journeys/goes/| via route x2 using means/vehicle x3; x1 is a traveller /:/ (x2 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly) /=/ litru (li'u) *moves (general term specifying means), x1 comes/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 /:/ [also travels, journeys, |, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ klama (kla) *moves (general term), x1 (object) | to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) *moves (object | back, returns), x2 of: x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 |/gives x2 back to x3 from x4 /:/ [x2 goes back/reverts/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)] /=/ xruti (xru) @moves, see also "sends", "gets", "takes", "puts" *movie, x1 is a cinema/|/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) *moving part (having a |), x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a | (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) &moving, x1 of muvdu &moving, x3 of cinmo *much (excess), x1 is an excess of/too | of x2 by standard x3 /:/ [cloying (= maldu'e, tolpu'adu'e)] /=/ dukse (dus du'e) *much (extreme), x1 is |/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3 /:/ [also very, pretty, a lot, immoderate/immoderately, intense, quite, extremely] /=/ mutce (tce) &much, x1 of mutce &muchness direction, x3 of mutce &muchness property, x2 of mutce *mud, x1 is paste/pulp/dough/mash/|/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ pesxu (pex) *mug, x1 is a cup/glass/tumbler/|/vessel/[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3 /:/ [a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not] /=/ kabri *multiple folds, x1 (force) folds/creases x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3 /:/ [for agentive folding (= plogau, plozu'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate | folds] /=/ polje (plo) *multiple personalities, x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; | personalities (= so'i menli)] /=/ menli (men) &multiple, x1 of pilji &multiplicand, x2 of pilji &multiplicand, x3 of pilji *multiplicands, x2 and x3 of: x1 is the product/total/result of factors/| (x2 and x3) x2 multiplied by x3 /:/ /=/ pilji (pi'i) *multiplied by, x2 of: x1 is the product/total/result of factors/multiplicands (x2 and x3) x2 | x3 /:/ /=/ pilji (pi'i) &multiplier, x2 of pilji &multiplier, x3 of pilji *multiply, x1 is the product/total/result of factors/|-cands (x2 and x3) x2 |-ed by x3 /:/ /=/ pilji (pi'i) &murdered, x2 of catra *murders, x1 (agent) kills/slaughters/| x2 by action/method x3 /:/ /=/ catra &muscle, x1 of sluji &muscle, controled by | x2 of sluji *muscle, x1 is a/the | [body-part] controlling x2, of body x3; [metaphor: tools of physical power] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is muscular] /=/ sluji (slu) *muscular (of a body part controlled by muscles), x1 is a/the muscle [body-part] controlling x2, of body x3; [metaphor: tools of physical power] /:/ [(adjective:) x2 is |] /=/ sluji (slu) *muscular (of a body with muscles), x3 of: x1 is a/the muscle [body-part] controlling x2, of body x3; [metaphor: tools of physical power] /:/ [(adjective:) x3 is |] /=/ sluji (slu) *muscular (of muscles), x1 is a/the muscle [body-part] controlling x2, of body x3; [metaphor: tools of physical power] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ sluji (slu) &muscular, x3 of sluji &museum location, x3 of muzga &museum, x1 of muzga *museum, x1 is a | for preserving [and possibly exhibiting] x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ muzga (muz) *mush (paste), x1 is paste/pulp/dough/|/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ pesxu (pex) *mush (result of mashing), x3 of: x1 [force] mashes/crushes/squashes/smashes x2 into pulp/|/crumbs/deformed mass x3 /:/ /=/ marxa (max) *mushrooms, x1 is a mold/fungus/|/truffles of species/strain x2 parasitic/growing on x3 /:/ /=/ mledi (led) *music (dancing |), x2 of: x1 (individual, mass) dances to accompaniment/|/rhythm x2 /:/ /=/ dansu *music (general term), x1 is | performed/produced by x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, |-al source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed | (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) *music (| having rhythm), x2 of: x1 (sequence/non-text quote) is a rhythm/beat of |/expressive form x2 /:/ [not necessarily oscillatory/regular pattern] /=/ rilti (ril) &music for dancing, x2 of dansu &music, x1 of zgike &music, perform | x2 of zgike &music, produce | x2 of zgike %musical (| notation), x1 is a note/| notation/symbol for tone/note x2 of frequency/pitch x3 in | notation system x4/:/ /=/ togle'u *musical instrument, x1 is a drum/cymbal/gong [percussion |] with beater/actuator x2 /:/ /=/ damri *musical instrument, x1 is a flute/pipe/fife/recorder [flute-like/air-reed |] /:/ /=/ flani *musical instrument, x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/bugle [brass-wind/lip-reed |] /:/ /=/ tabra *musical instrument, x1 is a oboe/clarinet/saxophone [reed |] with reed x2 /:/ /=/ xagri *musical instrument, x1 is a piano/harpsichord/synthesizer/organ; a keyboard | /:/ /=/ pipno (pi'o) *musical instrument, x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed |] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 /:/ [also lute, viola, cello] /=/ jgita (git) *Muslim, x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-| culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jegvo (jeg je'o) *Muslim, x1 pertains to the Islamic/|/Koranic [Quranic] culture/religion/nation in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ muslo (mus) *must, x1 is bound/obliged to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by standard/agreement x3; x1 | do x2 /:/ [also x3 frame of reference] /=/ bilga (big) &mutual, x1 of simxu *mutual, x1 (set) has members who |-ly/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) /:/ [members of x1 do to each other/one another x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing to each other] /=/ simxu (sim si'u) &mutually, done | x2 of simxu *mutually, x1 (set) has members who |/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) /:/ [members of x1 do to each other/one another x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing to each other] /=/ simxu (sim si'u) *mysterious, x1 is strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [also alien, |, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic] /=/ cizra (ciz) &myth subject, x2 of ranmi &myth, x1 of ranmi &myth, culture with | x4 of ranmi *myth, x1 is a |/legend, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4 /:/ [also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures of story/|/legend/religion, e.g. dragon (these animals are ramda'u); fairy tale (= veryranmi)] /=/ ranmi (ram) *mythical humanoid, x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [|] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) &mythical, x2 of ranmi *mythical, x1 is a myth/legend, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4 /:/ [also: x1 is |/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures of story/myth/legend/religion, e.g. dragon (these animals are ramda'u); fairy tale (= veryranmi)] /=/ ranmi (ram) &mythology, x3 of ranmi *mythos (cultural setting for a myth), x1 is a myth/legend, a culturally significant story about x2 in | x3 of culture x4 /:/ [also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures of story/myth/legend/religion, e.g. dragon (these animals are ramda'u); fairy tale (= veryranmi)] /=/ ranmi (ram) *mythos (religion), x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also |, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) *mythos (| with mythological humanoids), x2 of: x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of |/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the |/religion), bugbear, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) &mythos, x3 of ranmi &mythos, fairy | x2 of crida *nabs, x1 captures/catches/apprehends/seizes/| x2 with trap/restraint x3 /:/ [catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)] /=/ kavbu (kav) &nail material, x3 of dinko &nail type, x2 of dinko &nail, x1 of dinko *nail, x1 is a |/tack [pointed driven/frictional fastener] of type/size x2 (ka), made of material x3 /:/ /=/ dinko (di'o) *nail, x1 is a/the claw/|/talon [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed, penetrating, physical weapon] /:/ /=/ jgalu (ja'u) *naked, x1 is bare/|/nude; x1 is without cover/clothes/[protection] /:/ /=/ lunbe (lub) &name, x1 of cmene *name, x1 (quoted word(s)) is a/the |/title/tag of x2 to/used-by namer/|-user x3 (person) /:/ [also: x2 is called x1 by x3 (= selme'e for reordered places)] /=/ cmene (cme me'e) &named, x2 of cmene &namer, x3 of cmene *namer, x1 (quoted word(s)) is a/the name/title/tag of x2 to/used-by |/name-user x3 (person) /:/ [also: x2 is called x1 by x3 (= selme'e for reordered places)] /=/ cmene (cme me'e) &names, x3 of cmene *nano- (metric prefix), x1 is a billionth/thousand-millionth [1x10**-9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ nanvi (nav) *narrative, x1 is a story/tale/yarn/| about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also legend; a | need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author] /=/ lisri (lis) *narrow (small in 2nd most significant dimension), x1 is | in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3 /:/ /=/ jarki (jak) *narrow (| point in an object; metaphorical neck), x1 is a/the neck [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: a relatively | point] /:/ /=/ cnebo (neb ne'o) &narrow dimension, x2 of jarki &narrow, x1 of jarki *narrowing (| opening; metaphorical throat), x1 is a/the throat/gullet [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: | opening of a deep hole] /:/ /=/ galxe &narrowness standard, x3 of jarki *nasal, x1 is the nose [body-part] of x2 with nostril(s)/| passage(s) x3; [metaphor: protrusion] /:/ [also (adjective:) |] /=/ nazbi (naz zbi) %natal (of birthdays), x1 is a nativity/birth/birthday, an event of x2 being born to x3 at time x4 [birthday/| day] and place x5 [birthplace] /:/ x1 is | (pertaining to birthdays) /=/ nunjbe *natal (of dates of birth), x3 of: x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday/| day] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 /:/ [x2 bears/gives | to x1] /=/ jbena (jbe) *nation (country with territory/people), x1 is the country of peoples x2 with land/territory x3; (people/territory relationship) /:/ [also sovereignty, domestic (as opposed to foreign), | (when not referring to ethos)] /=/ gugde (gug gu'e) *nation (ethnic group), x1 is a |/ethnic group of peoples x2; [people sharing a history/culture] /:/ /=/ natmi (nat nai) *nation (group having distinct culture), x2 of: x1 [mass of ideas, customs, skills, arts] is culture of |/ethos x2 (mass); x1 is ethnic /:/ [(note that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is shared among people and is not an individual trait)] /=/ kulnu (klu) &nation, x1 of natmi &nation, people of | x2 of natmi *native, x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is | to (fo) x4 /:/ [x2 bears/gives birth to x1] /=/ jbena (jbe) %nativity, x1 is a |/birth/birthday|, an event of x2 being born to x3 at time x4 [birthday] and place x5 [birthplace] /:/ x1 is natal (pertaining to birthdays) /=/ nunjbe *natural (instinctive, not artificial), x1 is |/spontaneous/instinctive, not [consciously] caused by person(s) /:/ /=/ rarna (rar) *natural (| property), x1 (property - ka) is an innate/inherent/intrinsic/| property/quality/aspect of x2 /:/ /=/ jinzi (jiz) *natural satellite, x1 is Earth's moon (default); x1 is a major | /moon of planet x2 /:/ /=/ lunra (lur) &natural, x1 of rarna &near, x1 of jibni &near, thing having | x2 of jibni *near, x1 is |/close to/approximates x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) /:/ /=/ jibni (jbi) *near-total (containment), x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 | containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) &nearness property, x3 of jibni *neat, x1 is orderly/|/ordered in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) /:/ /=/ cnici (nic) &necessary, x1 of sarcu &necessary, x2 of nitcu *necessary, x1 (abstract) is |/required for continuing state/process x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also factually |, necessity, prerequisite, condition, precondition] /=/ sarcu (sa'u) &necessitate, x1 of nibli *necessitate, x1 logically |-s/entails/implies action/event/state x2 under rules/logic system x3 /:/ /=/ nibli (nib ni'i) &necessitated, x2 of nibli *necessitates (logically |), x1 logically |/entails/implies action/event/state x2 under rules/logic system x3 /:/ /=/ nibli (nib ni'i) &necessitating, x2 of sarcu &necessitating, logic system | x3 of nibli *necessity (something necessary for a process), x1 (abstract) is necessary/required for continuing state/process x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also factually necessary, |, prerequisite, condition, precondition] /=/ sarcu (sa'u) *necessity (something needed by an agent), x1 needs/requires/is dependent on/[wants] | x2 for purpose/action/stage of process x3 /:/ [no implication of lack] /=/ nitcu (tcu) &necessity conditions, x3 of sarcu &neck, x1 of cnebo &neck, thing having | x2 of cnebo *neck, x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: a relatively narrow point] /:/ /=/ cnebo (neb ne'o) &necked, x2 of cnebo *nectar, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of juice/| from-source/of-type x2 /:/ [water-based extract from a (generally) biological source] /=/ jisra &need, x1 of nitcu *need, x1 |-s/requires/is dependent on/[wants] necessity x2 for purpose/action/stage of process x3 /:/ [no implication of lack] /=/ nitcu (tcu) &needed for, purpose | x3 of nitcu &needed, x2 of nitcu *needle (shape), x1 is a | [pointed shape/form, not tool] of material x2 /:/ /=/ jesni (jes) *needle (syringe), x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits/pours/inflates/stuffs/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 /:/ [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/| (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) &needle material, x2 of jesni &needle, x1 of jesni *needled, x1 is a comb [many-| shape] of material x2 with tines/needles x3 /:/ /=/ komcu (kom) *needles, x1 is a comb [many-needled shape] of material x2 with tines/| x3 /:/ /=/ komcu (kom) *needs (hungers for), x1 hungers for x2; x1 |/wants food/fuel x2 /:/ /=/ xagji *needs (requires/is dependent on), x1 |/requires/is dependent on/[wants] necessity x2 for purpose/action/stage of process x3 /:/ [no implication of lack] /=/ nitcu (tcu) *needs (thirsts for), x1 thirsts for x2; x1 |/wants drink/fluid/lubrication x2 /:/ /=/ taske *needs (| rest), x1 is tired/fatigued by effort/situation x2 (event); x1 |/wants rest /:/ /=/ tatpi (ta'i) *negates, x1 (du'u) contradicts/denies/refutes/| x2 (du'u) under rules/logic x3 /:/ [also exception (= nafmupli); agentive contradicts/denies (= nafxu'a or nalselxu'a or tolxu'a) /=/ natfe (naf na'e) *negative (less than 0), x1 is less than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount x4 /:/ [also | (= nonme'a)] /=/ mleca (mec me'a) *negative (of electricity), x3 of: x1 is electricity [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (default |) /:/ [(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and | ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly) | (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default |/electron current), charge (= klodikca, stadikca)] /=/ dikca (dic) *negotiation (activity of diplomats), x3 of: x1 is a diplomat/consul representing polity x2 in/at | x3 for function/purpose x4 /:/ [(for) x3 polity, (use tu'a); also ambassador (= raljansu, trujansu)] /=/ jansu (jas) *neigh, x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, |, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) &neighbored, x2 of lamji &neon, x1 of navni *neon, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of inert gas of type x2 [|/argon/radon/xenon] /:/ [default |] /=/ navni &nephew, x2 of famti &nerve, x1 of nirna &nerve, thing having | x2 of nirna *nerve, x1 is a |/neuron [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: information/control network connection] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is neural] /=/ nirna (nir) *nervous (anxious), x1 is |/anxious about x2 (abstraction) under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ xanka @nervous (pertaining to nereves), see also "nerves" &nervous, x1 of xanka &nervousness condition, x3 of xanka &nervousness, object of | x2 of xanka *nest (lair), x1 is a |/house/lair/den/[home] of/for x2 /:/ [home (= tercnizda), house (constructed building) (= zdadi'u)] /=/ zdani (zda) *nest (place inhabited), x2 of: x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/|/home/abode x2 /:/ /=/ xabju (xa'u) &nest, x1 of zdani &net property, x4 of julne &net, x1 of julne &net, pass through | x2 of julne &net, stopped by | x3 of julne *net, x1 is a |/filter allowing passage of x2, prohibiting passage of x3, netting properties x4 /:/ [also sieve] /=/ julne (ju'e) @nether, see also "below", "bottom" *nether, x1 is directly/vertically beneath/below/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of reference x3 /:/ [also underside, |] /=/ cnita (nit ni'a) *netting properties, x1 is a net/filter allowing passage of x2, prohibiting passage of x3, | x4 /:/ [also sieve] /=/ julne (ju'e) *netting, x1 is a net/filter/| allowing passage of x2, prohibiting passage of x3, | properties x4 /:/ [also sieve] /=/ julne (ju'e) *network (postal |), x5 of: x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/|/system x5 /:/ [also x4 post office, mailbox] /=/ mrilu (mri) *network (telephone |), x1 is a telephone transceiver/modem attached to system/| x2 /:/ /=/ fonxa (fon) *network (| having nodes), x2 of: x1 is a station/node of/in/on transport/communication/distribution system/| x2 /:/ [x2 may be represented by massed vehicles of system] /=/ tcana *network connection, x1 is a nerve/neuron [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: information/control |] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is neural] /=/ nirna (nir) &network, telephone | x2 of fonxa *network, x1 (mass) system/| interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] /=/ ciste (ci'e) *neural, x1 is a nerve/neuron [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: information/control network connection] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ nirna (nir) *neuron, x1 is a nerve/| [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: information/control network connection] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is neural] /=/ nirna (nir) &neutral, x1 of nutli &neutral, scale with | x2 of nutli *neutral, x1 is |/not taking sides/medial/not towards any extreme on scale/in dissension x2 /:/ [also x2 dispute/struggle (though x2 is not limited to disagreements, which is merely one manifestation of scalar or distributed values in which there is a medial position)] /=/ nutli (nul nu'i) *new information, x1 (du'u) is news/tidings/| about subject x2 from source x3, to observer x4 /:/ /=/ nuzba (nuz) &new thing, x1 of cnino &new, find | x2 of cnino *new, x1 is |/unfamiliar/novel to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4; x1 is a novelty /:/ /=/ cnino (nin ni'o) &newness property, x3 of cnino &newness standard, x4 of cnino &news source, x3 of nuzba &news subject, x2 of nuzba &news, x1 of nuzba &news, receive | x4 of nuzba *news, x1 (du'u) is |/tidings/new information about subject x2 from source x3, to observer x4 /:/ /=/ nuzba (nuz) *newspaper, x1 is a journal/periodical/magazine/[|] with content x2 published by x3 for audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a subject, but not all journals have a single subject; all have some sort of principle defining what is included, so this need not be a list] /=/ karni &next door, x3 of korbi *next to (adjacent), x1 is adjacent/beside/|/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 /:/ [also touching, contiguous, against] /=/ lamji (lam la'i) *next to (margin), x1 is an edge/margin/border/curb/boundary of x2 |/bordering-on x3 /:/ /=/ korbi (kor koi) *next week, x1 is x2 weeks in duration (default is 1 week) by standard x3 /:/ [re. x3, a week may be more or less than seven days, classically being tied to the time between trips to the marketplace; this week (= cabjeftu); | (= bavlamjeftu); last week (= prulamjeftu)] /=/ jeftu (jef) *next year, x1 is x2 years in duration (default is 1 year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual /:/ [this year (= cabna'a); | (= bavlamna'a); last year (= prulamna'a)] /=/ nanca (na'a) *nice (beneficient), x1 (object/event) is good/beneficial/|/[acceptable] for x2 by standard x3 /:/ [acceptable (= mlixau, norxau, xagyselcru)] /=/ xamgu (xag xau) *nice (morally good), x1 is virtuous/saintly/[fine/moral/|/holy/morally good] by standard x2 /:/ [holy/saintly (= cesyvu'e)] /=/ vrude (vud vu'e) &nickel, x1 of nikle *nickel, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of |/other metal resistant to oxidation /:/ /=/ nikle (nik) &niece, x2 of famti &night location, x3 of nicte &night, x1 of nicte &night, day with | x2 of nicte *night, x1 is a nighttime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is at |/nocturnal /:/ [tonight (= cabycte); tomorrow | (= bavlamcte, even when tonight is still in the future); last | (= prulamcte)] /=/ nicte (cte) *nighttime, x1 is a | of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is at night/nocturnal /:/ [tonight (= cabycte); tomorrow night (= bavlamcte, even when tonight is still in the future); last night (= prulamcte)] /=/ nicte (cte) *Nippon (Japanese name for Japan), x1 reflects Japanese culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ ponjo (pon po'o) *nitrates, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of nitrogen/ammonia/| /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is nitric/nitrous] /=/ trano *nitric, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of nitrogen/ammonia/nitrates /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |/nitrous] /=/ trano &nitrogen, x1 of trano *nitrogen, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of |/ammonia/nitrates /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is nitric/nitrous] /=/ trano *nitrous, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of nitrogen/ammonia/nitrates /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is nitric/|] /=/ trano *no longer, x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the no longern-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/| at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) &nobility standard, x2 of nobli &noble, x1 of nobli *noble, x1 is |/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles] /=/ nobli (nol no'i) &nobles, culture with | x2 of nobli *nocturnal, x1 is a nighttime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is at night/| /:/ [tonight (= cabycte); tomorrow night (= bavlamcte, even when tonight is still in the future); last night (= prulamcte)] /=/ nicte (cte) *node, x1 is a station/| of/in/on transport/communication/distribution system/network x2 /:/ [x2 may be represented by massed vehicles of system] /=/ tcana *noise (background of hearing), x3 of: x1 hears x2 against background/| x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural /:/ /=/ tirna (tin) *noise (clamor, informationless sensory input), x1 is a |/din/clamor [sensory input without useful information] to x2 via sensory channel x3 /:/ /=/ savru (sav vru) &noise channel, x3 of savru &noise heard against, x3 of tirna &noise, x1 of savru &noise, x2 of tirna &noise, background | x3 of tirna &noise, makes | x2 of sance &noise, receive | x2 of savru @noise, see also "loud", "chaos" *noisy, x1 is loud/| at observation point x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ cladu (lau) %non-elite, x1 is a commoner/|/low-born/untitled/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ nalnolpre &non-negotiable, x2 of xarnu *non-obvious (requiring explanation), x2 of: x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du'u) /:/ [explanation x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpose/method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be |; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word not a simple expression of cause] /=/ ciksi (cki) &non-specific many, x3 of steci *non-utile, x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/|/not usable for function x2 /:/ [agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja'e, nutpofyja'e)] /=/ spofu (pof po'u) *noose, x1 is a loop/circuit of x2 [material] /:/ [also | (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed curve defined by set of points (= cuptai)] /=/ clupa (cup) *norm (as basis for 'large'), x1 is big/large in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/| x3 /:/ /=/ barda (bra) *norm (as basis for 'small'), x1 is small in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/| x3 /:/ /=/ cmalu (cma) *norm (average), x1 [value] is a |/average in property/amount x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard x4 /:/ [also mean, normal, usual; (x3 specifies the complete set)] /=/ cnano (na'o) &norm standard, x4 of cnano &norm, x1 of cnano &norm, population for a | x3 of cnano &norm, set with | x3 of cnano *normal (average), x1 [value] is a norm/average in property/amount x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard x4 /:/ [also mean, |, usual; (x3 specifies the complete set)] /=/ cnano (na'o) *normal (of members of a set), x3 of: x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ [also: x2 is a |/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)] /=/ fadni (fad) *normal (of properties of a set), x2 of: x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ [also: x2 is a |/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)] /=/ fadni (fad) *normal (of specific members of a set), x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ [also: x2 is a |/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)] /=/ fadni (fad) &North American aspect, x2 of bemro &North American, x1 of bemro *North American, x1 reflects | culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ bemro (bem be'o) &north, x1 of berti &north, x2 of snanu &north, frame for | x3 of berti &north, thing having to | x2 of berti *north, x1 is to the |/northern side [right-hand-rule pole] of x2 according to frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ berti (ber) *northern, x1 is to the north/| side [right-hand-rule pole] of x2 according to frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ berti (ber) &nose, x1 of nazbi &nose, thing having | x2 of nazbi *nose, x1 is the | [body-part] of x2 with nostril(s)/nasal passage(s) x3; [metaphor: protrusion] /:/ [also (adjective:) nasal] /=/ nazbi (naz zbi) &nostril, x3 of nazbi *nostril, x3 of: x1 is the nose [body-part] of x2 with |(s)/nasal passage(s) x3; [metaphor: protrusion] /:/ [also (adjective:) nasal] /=/ nazbi (naz zbi) ¬ accessible, x2 of ganlo ¬ as organized, x2 of ganzu ¬ expecting, x2 of ranxi ¬ intend, x2 of snuti *not taking sides, x1 is neutral/|/medial/not towards any extreme on scale/in dissension x2 /:/ [also x2 dispute/struggle (though x2 is not limited to disagreements, which is merely one manifestation of scalar or distributed values in which there is a medial position)] /=/ nutli (nul nu'i) *not the same, x1 is | thing-as/is different-from/other-than x2 by standard x3; x1 is something else /:/ /=/ drata (dat) *not true (doubted), x2 of: x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du'u) is true /:/ [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)] /=/ senpi (sen) *not very, x1 is mild/non-extreme/gentle/middling/somewhat in property x2 (ka); x1 is | x2 /:/ /=/ milxe (mli) %notation (musical), x1 is a note/musical |/symbol for tone/note x2 of frequency/pitch x3 in musical | system x4/:/ /=/ togle'u *note (bell/tuned percussive tone), x2 of: x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/| x2 /:/ [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)] /=/ janbe (jab) *note (letter), x1 is a letter/missive/[|] to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with content x4 /:/ /=/ xatra (xa'a) *note (memo/notice), x1 is a message/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4 /:/ [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended' audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for 'content'); reminder/memo/| (= mojnoi)] /=/ notci (not noi) %note (musical notation), x1 is a |/musical notation/symbol for tone/note x2 of frequency/pitch x3 in musical notation system x4/:/ /=/ togle'u %note (represented by musical notation), x1 is a note/musical notation/symbol for tone/| x2 of frequency/pitch x3 in musical notation system x4/:/ /=/ togle'u *note (tone), x1 is a tone/| of frequency/pitch x2 from source x3 /:/ /=/ tonga (tog to'a) *note (whistled sound), x2 of: x1 [sound source] whistles/makes whistling sound/|/tone/melody x2 /:/ /=/ siclu (sil) ¬ed, x2 of jundi ¬ed, x2 of zgana *notice, x1 is a message/|/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4 /:/ [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended' audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for 'content'); reminder/memo/note (= mojnoi)] /=/ notci (not noi) ¬iced, x2 of sanji *notices (observes), x1 observes/[|]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [behold/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)] /=/ zgana (zga) *notices (senses), x1 [observer] senses/detects/| stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) *notorious, x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2 (mass) /:/ [also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) |/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)] /=/ misno (mis mi'o) *noun phrase, x1 is an article/descriptor labelling description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantics x4 /:/ [x2 is the | phrase/sumti without the article/descriptor; description ((x1 with x2) = gadysu'i); note: 'determiner' has become the accepted general linguistics term, displacing 'article'; however, 'determiner' includes all words that can introduce a | phrase/sumti, whether a description or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (especially in indefinites) like ci and su'o, and demonstratives like ti, ta, and tu; the term 'descriptor' in Lojban, is limited to words that introduce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma'o LA and LE, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; 'article' typically refers only to a single word; Lojban assumes the broader meaning] /=/ gadri (gad) &nourished, x2 of cidja *nourishing (metaphorical of a root), x1 is a root [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: immobile, supporting, |] /:/ /=/ genja (gej) *nourishing (metaphorical of a womb), x1 is a/the womb/uterus [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: |, protective, giving birth] /:/ /=/ gutra *novel, x1 is new/unfamiliar/| to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4; x1 is a novelty /:/ /=/ cnino (nin ni'o) *novelty, x1 is new/unfamiliar/novel to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4; x1 is a | /:/ /=/ cnino (nin ni'o) &now, x1 of cabna *now, x1 is current at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time; (default x2 is the present resulting in:) x1 is | /:/ [time relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] /=/ cabna (cab) *nucleus (metaphorical, of a nut or nut-like object), x4 of: x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-shelled fruit] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and | x4 /:/ [also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)] /=/ narge (nag) *nude, x1 is bare/naked/|; x1 is without cover/clothes/[protection] /:/ /=/ lunbe (lub) *number (atomic |), x1 is an atom of element/atomic | x2 of isotope |/atomic weight x3 /:/ /=/ ratni (rat) *number (count of a set), x3 of: x1 (agent) counts the | in set x2 to be x3 [|/count] counting [off] by units x4 /:/ (x2 is complete set) /=/ kancu (kac) *number (isotope |), x1 is an atom of element/atomic | x2 of isotope |/atomic weight x3 /:/ /=/ ratni (rat) *number (quantifier/digit), x1 (li) is a |/quantifier/digit/value/figure [noun]; refers to the value and not the symbol /:/ /=/ namcu (nac na'u) *number (| of sides/surfaces of a block), x3 of: x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 /:/ [x3 sides/surfaces should include |, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli) /=/ bliku (bli) &number counted, x3 of kancu &number of acres, x2 of kramu &number of candelas, x2 of delno &number of cents, x2 of fepni &number of cubits, x2 of gutci *number of days, x2 of: x1 is x2 full days in | (default is 1 day) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal /:/ [today (= cabdei); tomorrow (= bavlamdei); yesterday (= prulamdei)] /=/ djedi (dje dei) &number of full days, x2 of djedi &number of gallons, x2 of dekpu &number of grams, x2 of grake &number of hours, x2 of cacra *number of hours, x2 of: x1 is x2 | in duration (default is 1 hour) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ cacra &number of kelvins, x2 of kelvo &number of liters, x2 of litce &number of meters, x2 of mitre &number of miles, x2 of minli &number of minutes, x2 of mentu *number of minutes, x2 of: x1 is x2 minutes in | (default is 1 minute) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ mentu (met me'u) &number of moles, x2 of molro &number of months, x2 of masti *number of months, x2 of: x1 is x2 months in duration (default is 1 |) by | standard x3 /:/ [this | (= cabma'i); next | (= bavylamyma'i); last | (= prulamyma'i)] /=/ masti (ma'i) &number of pounds, x2 of bunda &number of recurrence, x3 of krefu *number of seconds), x2 of: x1 is x2 seconds in | (default is 1 second) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ snidu (nid) &number of weeks, x2 of jeftu *number of weeks, x2 of: x1 is x2 weeks in | (default is 1 week) by standard x3 /:/ [re. x3, a week may be more or less than seven days, classically being tied to the time between trips to the marketplace; this week (= cabjeftu); next week (= bavlamjeftu); last week (= prulamjeftu)] /=/ jeftu (jef) &number of years, x2 of nanca *number of years, x2 of: x1 is x2 | (default is 1 year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual /:/ [this year (= cabna'a); next year (= bavlamna'a); last year (= prulamna'a)] /=/ nanca (na'a) &number, x1 of namcu &number, rational | x1 of saclu *number, x1 is a quantity quantified/measured by | x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si'o) /:/ [also count] /=/ klani (lai) &numbered, individuals | x3 of # mei *numeral, x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 /:/ [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "|"; sinxa is the more generic symbol] /=/ lerfu (ler le'u) *numerator (dividend of a ratio), x2 of: x1 (me'o, fraction) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3] /:/ [also x1 fraction/proportion/quotient; x2 dividend/|; x3 divisor/denominator] /=/ parbi (pab) *numerator (| of a fraction), x2 of: x1 is a fraction, with | x2, denominator x3 (x2/x3) /:/ /=/ frinu &numerator, x2 of frinu *nurses, x1 doctors/treats/|/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) &nut kernel, x4 of narge &nut shell, x3 of narge &nut, x1 of narge &nut, plant with | x2 of narge *nut, x1 is a | [body-part: hard-shelled fruit] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and kernel x4 /:/ [also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)] /=/ narge (nag) *nutmeat, x4 of: x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-shelled |] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and kernel/| x4 /:/ [also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)] /=/ narge (nag) *nutriment, x1 is food/feed/| for x2; x1 is edible/gives nutrition to x2 /:/ /=/ cidja (dja) *nutrition (gives |), x1 is food/feed/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/gives | to x2 /:/ /=/ cidja (dja) *nuts, x1 is the edible x2 portion of plant x3; x1 is a vegetable /:/ [note that fruits and | are also vegetables; generally this word will be used for either the general category of edible plants, or for non-fruit vegetables (= nalrutstagi)] /=/ stagi *o'clock, x1 [hours, {minutes}, {seconds}] is the time/hour of state/event x2 on day x3 at location x4 /:/ [also |]; (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi) /=/ tcika &oak species, x2 of cindu &oak, x1 of cindu *oak, x1 is an |, a type of tree of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ cindu &oats species, x2 of mavji &oats, x1 of mavji *oats, x1 is a quantity of | [grain] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ mavji (mav) *obedient, x1 obeys/follows the command/rule x2 made by x3; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ /=/ tinbe (tib) *obese, x1 is plump/fat/| [excessively thick/bulbous/swollen] by standard x2 /:/ /=/ plana &obey, x1 of tinbe *obey, x1 |-s/follows the command/rule x2 made by x3; (adjective:) x1 is |-dient /:/ /=/ tinbe (tib) &obeyed, x2 of tinbe &obeyed, commander | x3 of tinbe *obeys, x1 |/follows the command/rule x2 made by x3; (adjective:) x1 is obedient /:/ /=/ tinbe (tib) &object of anger, x2 of fengu &object of consciousness, x2 of sanji &object of cruelty, x2 of kusru &object of curiosity, x2 of kucli &object of emotion, x3 of cinmo &object of frustration, x2 of steba &object of gratitude, x3 of ckire &object of guilt, x2 of zungi &object of happiness, x2 of gleki &object of humility, x2 of cumla &object of hunger, x2 of xagji &object of jealousy, x2 of jilra &object of kindness, x2 of xendo &object of levity, x2 of xalbo &object of nervousness, x2 of xanka &object of panic, x2 of xalni &object of pity, x2 of kecti &object of pride, x2 of jgira &object of protest, x2 of pante &object of sadness, x2 of badri &object of stubbornness, x2 of xarnu &object of thirst, x2 of taske &object of thought, x2 of pensi &object of wisdom, x2 of prije &object of wonder, x2 of manci &object with blade, x2 of balre &object, x1 of dacti &object, sensor which doesn't detect vanished | x3 of canci *object, x1 is a material | enduring in space-time; x1 is a thing /:/ /=/ dacti (dai) &object/location holding charge, x2 of dikca *objective (of a route/course), x2 of: x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to | x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/|, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) %objective (| of a labor event), x1 is an event of x2 [person] laboring/working on/at x3 [activity] with goal/| x4 /:/ [also: x2 is a worker/laborer] /=/ nungu'a *objective (| of a struggle), x3 of: x1 fights/combats/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combatant /:/ [use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/|] /=/ damba (dab da'a) *objective (| of an action), x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 /:/ [also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 |, end] /=/ zukte (zuk zu'e) %objective (| of an event of aggression), x1 is an aggression, an event of x2 (person/mass) attacking/invading/committing aggression upon victim x3 with goal/| x4 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) *objective (| of attack), x3 of: x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/| x3 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) *objective (| of operating an apparatus/machine), x1 operates/drives/runs x2 [apparatus/machine] with goal/|/use/end/function x3 /:/ /=/ sazri (saz) *objective (| resulting from motive: a motivated action), x2 of: x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volition of x3 /:/ [also; x3 is motivated to bring about result/goal/| x2 by x1 (= termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditions' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or within the x2 action level)] /=/ mukti (muk mu'i) *objective, x1 [person] labors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/| x3 /:/ [also: x1 is a worker/laborer] /=/ gunka (gun gu'a) *oblate, x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 /:/ [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, | (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi] /=/ sovda (sov so'a) &obligation standard, x3 of bilga &obligation, x2 of bilga *obligation, x1 owes x2 in debt/| to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a debtor /:/ /=/ dejni (dej) &obliged, one who is | x1 of bilga *obliged, x1 is bound/| to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by standard/agreement x3; x1 must do x2 /:/ [also x3 frame of reference] /=/ bilga (big) *oboe, x1 is a |/clarinet/saxophone [reed musical instrument] with reed x2 /:/ /=/ xagri *obscuring, x1 is a curtain/blinds/drapes for covering/| aperture x2, and made of material x3 /:/ /=/ murta (mur mu'a) *observation (comment), x1 (text) is a comment/remark/| about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also: x3 comments/remarks/says x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)] /=/ pinka (pik) *observation (suggested |), x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/| (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)] /=/ simlu (mlu) *observation point (| receiving/detecting reflection), x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/| x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) *observation point (| registering noisiness), x2 of: x1 is loud/noisy at | x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ cladu (lau) *observation point (| registering silence), x2 of: x1 (source) is quiet/silent/[still] at | x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ smaji (sma) *observe (examine using senses), x1 |-s/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [behold/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)] /=/ zgana (zga) *observe (look at), x1 looks at/examines/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2 /:/ [also look through (= grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "|"] /=/ catlu (cta) *observe (see), x1 sees/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "|", or even "understand, know"] /=/ viska (vis vi'a) &observe sign, x3 of sinxa &observe, x1 of zgana &observe, apparently | x3 of simlu *observe, x1 |-s/[notices]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [behold/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)] /=/ zgana (zga) &observed, x2 of tinbe &observed, x2 of zgana *observer (comparer), x1 [|] compares x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), determining comparison x5 (state) /:/ /=/ karbi (kab) *observer (confused |), x2 of: x1 (event/state) confuses/baffles x2 [|] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ cfipu (fi'u) *observer (sensor, one who detects/notices), x1 [|] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) *observer (| familiar with), x2 of: x1 is old/familiar/well-known to | x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [This can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also ancient (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)] /=/ slabu (sau) *observer (| of apparent properties), x3 of: x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to | x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)] /=/ simlu (mlu) *observer (| of bitterness), x2 of: x1 is bitter/acrid/sharply disagreeable to |/sense x2 /:/ /=/ kurki *observer (| of bright/intense property), x3 of: x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by | x3 /:/ [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)] /=/ carmi (cam cai) *observer (| of deliciousness), x2 of: x1 is delicious/tasty/delightful to |/sense x2 [person, or sensory activity] /:/ [x1 is a delicacy] /=/ kukte (kuk) *observer (| of dim/non-intense property), x3 of: x1 is dim/dull/pale/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as received/measured by | x3 /:/ [in colors, indicates unsaturated, pastel, pale (though blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)] /=/ kandi (kad) *observer (| of news), x4 of: x1 (du'u) is news/tidings/new information about subject x2 from source x3, to | x4 /:/ /=/ nuzba (nuz) *observer (| of novelty/newness), x2 of: x1 is new/unfamiliar/novel to | x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4; x1 is a novelty /:/ /=/ cnino (nin ni'o) *observer (| of odor, smeller), x1 (experiencer) smells/scents (transitive verb) x2; x2 smells/has odor/scent to | x1 /:/ /=/ sumne *observer (| of sweetness), x2 of: x1 is sweet/sugary/saccharine to | x2 /:/ /=/ titla (tit) *observer (| of tartness), x2 of: x1 is sour/tart to | x2 /:/ /=/ slari (sar) *observer (| receiving/detecting reflection), x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to |/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) *observer (| recognizing wisdom), x3 of: x1 is wise/sage about matter x2 (abstraction) to | x3 /:/ /=/ prije (pij) *observer (|/detector of odor), x3 of: x1 is an odor/fragrance/scent/smell emitted by x2 and detected by |/sensor x3 /:/ [an undetected emitter is odorless to the |] /=/ panci (pan) *observer (|/interpreter of symbol), x3 of: x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to | x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) &observer of intense thing, x3 of carmi *observes, x1 |/[notices]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [behold/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)] /=/ zgana (zga) *observing (reference standard for |/measuring), x1 is a frame of reference/standard for |/measuring/determining x2, with/by rules x3 /:/ (x1 may be object or si'o idea) /=/ manri (mar) *observing (scale of units for |/measuring), x1 (si'o) is a scale of units for measuring/|/determining x2 (state) /:/ /=/ ckilu (ci'u) &observing conditions, x4 of zgana &observing sense, x3 of zgana *obstacle (problem), x1 (event/state) is a problem/| to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3 /:/ [also: x1 requires consideration by x2] /=/ nabmi (nam) *obstructs, x1 (event/state) interferes with/hinders/disrupts x2 (event/state/process) due to quality x3 (ka) /:/ [also blocks, |, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation] /=/ zunti (zun zu'i) *obtains (acquires), x1 gets/procures/acquires/|/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] /:/ [also fetch; accept a gift (= du'acpa)] /=/ cpacu (cpa) *obtains (seizes), x1 takes/gets/gains/|/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied] /=/ lebna (leb le'a) *occasion (celebration), x3 of: x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/|/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) *occasion (repetition), x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, |] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) @occasion, see also "recur" *occasional, x1 is irregular/|/intermittent in property/action/aspect x2 /:/ /=/ vitci (vit) *occupation, x1 is a job/|/employment/vocation (a type of work regularly done for pay) of person x2 /:/ [working for another (= selplijibri)] /=/ jibri (jib) *occupied (of a space), x1 is space/volume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] | by x2 /:/ [also occupy (= selca'u)] /=/ canlu (cal ca'u) *occupies (amuses), x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 /:/ [also: x1 | x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2] /=/ zdile (zdi) *occupies (of material in a space), x1 is space/volume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2 /:/ [also occupy; x2 | x1 (= selca'u)] /=/ canlu (cal ca'u) &occupy space, x2 of canlu *occupy, x2 of: x1 is space/volume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2 /:/ [also | (= selca'u)] /=/ canlu (cal ca'u) *occur (begins to |), x1 [state/event/process] commences/initiates/starts/begins to |; (intransitive verb) /:/ /=/ cfari (cfa) *occur (commanded to |), x3 of: x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to | /:/ [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) *occur (forced to |), x2 of: x1 [force] (ka) forces/compels event x2 to |; x1 determines property x2 to manifest /:/ [also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)] /=/ bapli (bap bai) *occur (possibly may |), x1 (event/state/property) is possible under conditions x2; x1 may/might |; x1 is a maybe /:/ [also possibility] /=/ cumki (cum cu'i) *occur (| seasonally/every year), x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 /:/ [also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may | every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year] /=/ citsi *occurrence, x1 (event) is an event that happens/occurs/takes place; x1 is an incident/happening/| /:/ /=/ fasnu (fau) *occurrences (multiple |), x1 [action] repeats/is repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) | /:/ [practice (= rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)] /=/ rapli (rap) *occurrences (number of |), x2 of: x1 [action] repeats/is repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) | /:/ [practice (= rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)] /=/ rapli (rap) *occurs (happens), x1 (event) is an event that happens/|/takes place; x1 is an incident/happening/occurrence /:/ /=/ fasnu (fau) *occurs (| often), x1 (event) often/frequently/commonly/customarily |/recurs by standard x2 /:/ /=/ cafne (caf) @occurs, see also "recurs" *ocean, x1 is a sea/|/gulf/[atmosphere] of planet x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine /:/ [also atmosphere (= varxamsi, varsenta)] /=/ xamsi (xas) *Oceanian (pertaining to the Polynesia/Oceania), x1 reflects Polynesian/| (geographic region) culture/nationality/languages in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ polno (pol) *ocular, x1 is a/the eye [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus]; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ [x1 is optic] /=/ kanla (kal) *odd, x1 is strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/| to x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [also alien, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic] /=/ cizra (ciz) *odious, x2 of: x1 hates/despises x2 (object/abstraction); x1 is full of hate for x2; x2 is | to x1 /:/ [x1 is hateful (one sense); x2 is hateful (different sense)] /=/ xebni (xen xei) @odor (foul fragrance), consider metaphors "rotton-odor" (= furpanci), "bad-odor" (= xlapanci) *odor (fragrance), x1 is an |/fragrance/scent/smell emitted by x2 and detected by observer/sensor x3 /:/ [an undetected emitter is odorless to the observer] /=/ panci (pan) *odor (scent that is smelled),x2 of: x1 (experiencer) smells/scents (transitive verb) x2; x2 smells/has |/scent to observer x1 /:/ /=/ sumne *odor (sulfurous, metaphor: foul-smelling), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sulfur/brimstone (S); [metaphor: foul |, volcanic] /:/ /=/ sliri &odor, x1 of panci &odor, x2 of sumne &odor, smell | x3 of panci &odorous, x2 of panci &off, another thing which is walled | x3 of bitmu &off, closed | x2 of ganlo &off, thing which is walled | x2 of bitmu *off, x1 (agent) counts the number in set x2 to be x3 [number/count] counting [|] by units x4 /:/ (x2 is complete set) /=/ kancu (kac) *off, x1 (agent) shows/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3 /:/ [reveal (= tolmipygau, mipyja'o, sivja'o); also: x1 shows that x2, x1 shows | x2; showing an object is generally expressed with a tu'a x2, since the properties of the shown object (other than its presence) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)] /=/ jarco (ja'o) &offense, punishable | x3 of sfasa *offer (| for a price), x4 of: x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor/offeror x4 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to | (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)] /=/ jdima (di'a) &offer conditions, x4 of friti *offer for sale, x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) &offer, x1 of friti &offer, receive | x3 of friti *offer, x1 |-s/pr-|-s x2 [|-ing] to x3 with conditions x4 /:/ [(x4 may be nu canja, nu pleji, etc.; an unconditional |-ing has the 'condition' of acceptance); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erfriti, po'erselfriti for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ friti (fit) &offered, x2 of friti *offering (something offered), x2 of: x1 offers/proffers x2 [|] to x3 with conditions x4 /:/ [(x4 may be nu canja, nu pleji, etc.; an unconditional | has the 'condition' of acceptance); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erfriti, po'erselfriti for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ friti (fit) @offering, see also "gift" *offeror, x4 of: x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor/| x4 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)] /=/ jdima (di'a) *offers access, x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 /:/ [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but | to sites along it] /=/ klaji (laj) *offers, x1 |/proffers x2 [offering] to x3 with conditions x4 /:/ [(x4 may be nu canja, nu pleji, etc.; an unconditional offering has the 'condition' of acceptance); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erfriti, po'erselfriti for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ friti (fit) &office worker, x2 of briju &office, x1 of briju &office, branch of an | x3 of briju &office, location of | x3 of briju *office, x1 is an |/bureau/work-place of worker x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ briju (bij) *officer (police |), x1 is a police |/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 /:/ [police |, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)] /=/ pulji *official, x1 has authority/is an | in/on/over matter/sphere/persons x2 derived on basis x3 /:/ /=/ catni (ca'i) *offspring (biological |), x1 is a [biological] |/child/kid/hybrid of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is filial /:/ /=/ panzi (paz) *offspring (| produced from seeds/spores), x3 of: x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing | x3 /:/ [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] /=/ tsiju (tsi) &offspring parent, x2 of panzi &offspring, x1 of panzi &offspring, x2 of rorci &offspring, seed | x3 of tsiju &offsprint, x2 of patfu &often, x1 of cafne *often, x1 (event) |/frequently/commonly/customarily occurs/recurs by standard x2 /:/ /=/ cafne (caf) &oftenness standard, x2 of cafne *oil, x1 is a quantity of petroleum/| from source x2 /:/ /=/ ctile *oil, x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains grease/fat/| from source x2 /:/ /=/ grasu (ras) *old (familiar or well-known), x1 is |/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [This can cover both meanings of |. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also ancient (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)] /=/ slabu (sau) @old, see also "new", "young"; "tolcitno" is preferred for not-young *oleo, x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/|/margarine/shortening from source x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)] /=/ matne *olio, x1 is a quantity of soup/stew/olla/| of ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1] /=/ stasu *olla, x1 is a quantity of soup/stew/|/olio of ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1] /=/ stasu &on bed, x3 of ckana *on display, x1 is the view/scene/panorama/sight/prospect of x2 (object/location) from point-of-view x3 /:/ [also x1 is | to x2/x3] /=/ jvinu (vin ji'u) &on line, points | x2 of linji &on route, point | x4 of pluta &on scale, measured | x2 of ckilu &on stage, x3 of tsina &on top, thing having | x2 of cpana *one alone, x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "|" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) *one another, x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) /:/ [members of x1 do to each other/| x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing to each other] /=/ simxu (sim si'u) &one who can eat food, x2 of cidja &one who is ashamed, x1 of ckeji &one who is awake, x1 of cikna &one who is ill, x1 of bilma &one who is obliged, x1 of bilga *one-celled, x1 is a bacteria/germ/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [| life] of species/defining property x2 /:/ /=/ jurme (jum) &onion species, x2 of sluni &onion, x1 of sluni *onion, x1 is a quantity of/contains |-s/scallions of type/cultivar x2 /:/ /=/ sluni *onions, x1 is a quantity of/contains |/scallions of type/cultivar x2 /:/ /=/ sluni *only difference, x3 of: x1 parallels x2 differing | in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 /:/ [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the | difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra *only, x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "|" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) &oops, x2 of snuti *open (candid), x1 is honest/|/truthfully revealing to/candid/frank with x2 about matter/fact x3 /:/ [also straight, straight-forward] /=/ stace (sac) *open (of a passage), x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is |/ajar/not shut permitting passage/access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway] /=/ kalri (kar) *open (public, unhidden), x1 is public/un-hidden/|/jointly available to/owned by all among community x2 (mass) /:/ /=/ gubni (gub) *open (|-bottomed garment), x1 is a skirt/kilt/dress of material x2; x1 is skirted [garment | at the bottom; not legged] /:/ [a skirted garment may be full length (pastu), but must hang below the waist from support above or at the waist] /=/ skaci &open onto, x2 of vorme &open onto, x3 of vorme &open, x1 of kalri &opened by key, thing | x2 of ckiku *opening (of a key in a lock), x1 is a key fitting/releasing/|/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3 /:/ [also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (= termifckiku, ckitermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of | the lock - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth] /=/ ckiku (kik) *opening (throat/gullet), x1 is a/the throat/gullet [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: narrow(ing) | of a deep hole] /:/ /=/ galxe *opening (window/portal), x1 is a window/portal/| [portal] in wall/building/structure x2 /:/ /=/ canko (ca'o) @opening, see also "door" &operate hotel, x3 of xotli &operate school, x5 of ckule &operate, x1 of sazri *operate, x1 |-s/drives/runs x2 [apparatus/machine] with goal/objective/use/end/function x3 /:/ /=/ sazri (saz) *operated (market | by/with), x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, | by/with operator(s)/participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) *operated (of a hotel), x1 is a hotel/inn/hostel at location x2 | by x3 /:/ /=/ xotli (xol xoi) *operated (of a school), x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audience/community x4 | by x5 /:/ [also college, university] /=/ ckule (kul cu'e) &operated, x2 of sazri *operates, x1 |/drives/runs x2 [apparatus/machine] with goal/objective/use/end/function x3 /:/ /=/ sazri (saz) &operating goal, x3 of sazri *operating, x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source |/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) *operator (of a hotel), x3 of: x1 is a hotel/inn/hostel at location x2 operated by | x3 /:/ /=/ xotli (xol xoi) *operator (school |), x5 of: x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audience/community x4 operated by | x5 /:/ [also college, university] /=/ ckule (kul cu'e) &operator, apparatus | x3 of cabra *operators (| of a market), x3 of: x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the |] /=/ zarci (zac zai) &opine, x1 of jinvi *opine, x1 thinks/|-s x2 [|-nion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jinvi (jiv ji'i) *opines, x1 thinks/| x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jinvi (jiv ji'i) &opinion subject, x3 of jinvi &opinion, x2 of jinvi &opinion, grounds for | x4 of jinvi *opinion, x2 of: x1 thinks/opines x2 [|] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jinvi (jiv ji'i) *opponent (competitor), x1 or x2 of: x1 competes/vies with | x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 |(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) *opponent (enemy/adversary), x1 or x2 of: x1 is an enemy/|/adversary/foe of x2 in struggle x3 /:/ /=/ bradi *opponent (resistance/balancing force), x1 of x2 of: x1 opposes/balances/contends/resists against |(s) x2 (person/force individual/mass) about x3 (abstract) /:/ /=/ fapro (fap pro) *opponent (target of a weapon), x2 of: x1 is a weapon/arms for use against | x2 by x3 /:/ [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)] /=/ xarci (xac xa'i) *opponent (| in a war), x1 (person/mass) wars against | x2 over territory/matter x3; x1 is at war with x2 /:/ /=/ jamna (jam) &opponent in fight, x2 of damba &opponent in war, x2 of jamna &opponent, x2 of fapro &opponent, x2 of jivna *opponents (defeated |), x3 of: x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4 /:/ [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are | and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; /=/ jinga (jig ji'a) *oppose, x1 |-s/balances/contends/resists against opponent(s) x2 (person/force individual/mass) about x3 (abstract) /:/ /=/ fapro (fap pro) &opposed, x2 of fapro &opposes, x2 of bradi *opposes, x1 |/balances/contends/resists against opponent(s) x2 (person/force individual/mass) about x3 (abstract) /:/ /=/ fapro (fap pro) *opposing (frictional force | motion), x1 is friction [force | motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 /:/ [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)] /=/ mosra (mos) *opposing (stubborn/willfully |), x1 is stubborn/willfully |/resisting x2 about x3 (event/state) /:/ [x2 may be a person, a state or condition, or a force; the essence is willful resistance] /=/ xarnu *opposite (contrary/polar opposite), x1 or x2 of: x1 is polar | from/contrary to x2 in property/on scale x3 (property/si'o) /:/ /=/ dukti (dut) *opposite (inverted/reversed), x1 or x2 of: x1 [sequence] is in reverse order from x2 [sequence]; x1 (object) is inverted from x2 (object) /:/ [also | (one sense)] /=/ fatne (fat fa'e) *opposite (on the other side of a gap/boundary), x1 or x3 of: x1 is located across/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is | (fi) x3 /:/ [also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo'e); directly across/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the boundary] /=/ ragve (rav) &opposite, x1 of dukti @opposite, see also "beyond" &opposite, thing having as | x2 of dukti &opposites, scale of | x3 of dukti *opposition (| supported against), x3 of: x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/| x3 with/by means x4 /:/ [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)] /=/ sarji (sra) &opposor, x1 of fapro *optic, x1 is a/the eye [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus]; (adjective:) x1 is ocular /:/ [x1 is |] /=/ kanla (kal) *optical, x1 is a lens/glass [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to focus/foci x3 by means/material x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |; focussing may be | or otherwise, hence x2 which may be light, sound, X-ray, etc., default is light/| lens; ka is refraction] /=/ lenjo (len le'o) *optionally, x1 is free/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, |; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2] /=/ zifre (zif zi'e) *oral cavity, x1 is a/the mouth/| [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: entrance/intake for consumption) /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ moklu (mol mo'u) *oral, x1 is a/the mouth/| cavity [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: entrance/intake for consumption) /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ moklu (mol mo'u) &orange, x1 of narju *orange, x1 is | [color adjective] /:/ /=/ narju (naj) *orb, x1 is a ball/sphere/|/globe [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [made of x2] /:/ [also round] /=/ bolci (bol boi) &orbit, planet | x4 of plini &orbit, satellite | x4 of mluni *orbital (of a planet), x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ plini *orbital (of a satellite), x1 is a satellite/moon orbiting x2 with characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ mluni (lun) *orbital parameters (| of a planet), x4 of: x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with planetary characteristics x3, | x4 /:/ /=/ plini *orbital parameters (| of a satellite), x4 of: x1 is a satellite/moon orbiting x2 with characteristics x3, | x4 /:/ /=/ mluni (lun) &orbital parameters, x3 of plini *orbiting (of a satellite), x1 is a satellite/moon | x2 with characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ mluni (lun) *orbits (turns/revolves around axis), x1 turns/rotates/| around axis x2 in direction x3 /:/ [also revolve/| (= jincarna)] /=/ carna (car) *orc, x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also |, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) *orchard, x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3 /:/ [| (= ricpurdi)] /=/ purdi (pud) *orchestra, x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also | ( = zgibe'e, balzgibe'e to distinguish from smaller musical groups), outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) &ordeal, x2 of renvi *order (category), x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) /:/ [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, |, phylum] /=/ klesi (kle lei) *order (reverse |), x1 [sequence] is in reverse | from x2 [sequence]; x1 (object) is inverted from x2 (object) /:/ [also opposite (one sense)] /=/ fatne (fat fa'e) *order (taxonomy tree level), x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, |, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) *order (| enforced by police), x2 of: x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/| x2 /:/ [police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)] /=/ pulji *order (| of a list), x3 of: x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in | x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified); (cf. cmima for mental objects wherein | is of varying importance; some manifested | is intrinsic to a physical list, but the specific | may be incidental and not intentional/purposeful) /=/ liste (ste) &order of a list, x3 of liste &order, is in | x1 of porsi @order, see also "command", "request" &order, sort | x2 of porsi *ordered (neat), x1 is orderly/neat/| in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) /:/ /=/ cnici (nic) *ordered (result of organizing), x3 of: x1 organizes x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [|/organized result] by system/principle(s) x4 /:/ [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3] /=/ ganzu (gaz) *ordered (sequenced), x1 [| set] is sequenced/|/listed by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified) /=/ porsi (por poi) *ordered (| entirety - universe), x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and | entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 /:/ [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) &ordering rule, x2 of porsi &orderliness property, x2 of cnici &orderly, x1 of cnici *orderly, x1 is |/neat/ordered in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) /:/ /=/ cnici (nic) *orders, x1 issues commands/| to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur /:/ [also: x1 |/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) &ordinal item in sequenced set, x1 of # moi &ordinal, sequence for | x3 of # moi &ordinal, set with | x2 of # moi &ordinariness, x2 of fadni &ordinary, x1 of fadni *ordinary, x1 [member] is |/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ [also: x2 is a normal/common/|/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)] /=/ fadni (fad) *ore, x1 is/contains/is made from a mineral/| of type/metal x2 mined from location/lode/mine x3 /:/ /=/ kunra (kun) *organ (body |), x1 is a/the body | [body-part] of body/species x2 performing function x3 /:/ [also sweetmeat (= ragdja)] /=/ rango (rag) *organ (gamete producing |), x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing |] /=/ ganti *organ (musical instrument), x1 is a piano/harpsichord/synthesizer/|; a keyboard musical instrument /:/ /=/ pipno (pi'o) *organ (projecting reproductive |), x1 is a/the clitoris/penis [projecting reproductive |; body-part] of x2 /:/ [normally context eliminates need for specificity; otherwise: penis (= nakpinji), clitoris (= fetpinji)] /=/ pinji &organ function, x3 of rango &organ, x1 of rango @organ, see also "gut", "gland", "eye", "ear", "brain", "nose", "heart", "lung", "mouth", "breast", "uterus", "vagina", "vulva", "liver" &organ, thing having | x2 of rango *organic (containing carbon), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of carbon/graphite/[diamond]/charcoal; x1 is | /:/ /=/ tabno (tab) *organic (vital, from a living creature), x1 lives/is alive by standard x2; x1 is an organism/living thing /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is vital, |] /=/ jmive (miv ji'e) *organism (living thing), x1 lives/is alive by standard x2; x1 is an |/living thing /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic] /=/ jmive (miv ji'e) *organism (source of a gamete), x2 of: x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from | [mother/father] x2 /:/ [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi] /=/ sovda (sov so'a) *organism (| producing seeds/spores), x2 of: x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of | x2 for producing offspring x3 /:/ [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] /=/ tsiju (tsi) *organism (| with blood), x2 of: x1 is blood/vital fluid of | x2 /:/ /=/ ciblu (blu) &organism with seed, x2 of tsiju *organisms (in a community), x2 of: x1 is a community/colony of | x2 /:/ /=/ cecmu (cem ce'u) *organization (incorporated/chartered firm), x1 is a company/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also enterprise/| (if chartered)] /=/ kagni (kag) *organization (structure), x1 is a structure/arrangement/| of x2 [set/system/complexity] /:/ (x2, if a set, is completely specified) /=/ stura (tur su'a) *organizational principle (determining subordinate/assistants), x2 of: x1 is a deputy/vice/subordinate in aspect [or |] x2 (ka) to principal x3 /:/ [also assistant, adjutant] /=/ vipsi (vip) &organize, x1 of ganzu *organize, x1 |-s x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/|-d result] by system/principle(s) x4 /:/ [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the |-ational structure of x3] /=/ ganzu (gaz) *organized (of a team/gang/band), x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 | for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) *organized (result of organizing), x3 of: x1 organizes x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/| result] by system/principle(s) x4 /:/ [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3] /=/ ganzu (gaz) *organized (strongly |, regimented), x1 is military/regimented/is strongly |/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/| as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)] /=/ bilni (bil) *organized activity, x1 is an affair/| involving person(s) x2 (individual/mass); x1 is x2's business /:/ [also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu'u for reordered places)] /=/ cuntu (cu'u) *organized church/religion, x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); | (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) &organized, x2 of stura &organized, x3 of ganzu &organized, not as | x2 of ganzu *organizes (designs a structure/arrangement), x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/|; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) *organizes (increases order), x1 | x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/organized result] by system/principle(s) x4 /:/ [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3] /=/ ganzu (gaz) &organizing principle, x4 of ganzu *orientation (sexual |), x3 of: x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual | x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfri)] /=/ cinse (cin) *orientation (| standard for behind), x1 is posterior/behind/back/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of | for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)] /=/ trixe (rix ti'e) *orientation (| standard for forward), x1 is anterior/ahead/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of | for x2] /=/ crane (cra) *orientation (| standard for left), x1 is to the left/left-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also x3 is the standard of | for x2] /=/ zunle (zul) *orientation (| standard for right), x1 is to the right/right-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of | for x2] /=/ pritu &orientation, sexual | x2 of cinse *orifice (anal |), x1 is a/the anus/anal |/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit] /:/ [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal] /=/ ganxo (gax) *orifice (| having lip/rim), x2 of: x1 is a/the lip [body-part]/rim of | x2 of body x3; (adjective:) x1 is labial /:/ /=/ ctebi (teb) *orifice (| producing cough/burp), x3 of: x1 coughs/farts/burps up/out x2 [predominantly gaseous] from | x3 /:/ /=/ kafke &orifice coughed from, x3 of kafke &orifice with lip, x2 of ctebi *origin (basis of direction), x3 of: x1 is the direction of x2 (object/event) from |/in frame of reference x3 /:/ [x2 is towards x1 from x3 (= selfa'a for reordered places)] /=/ farna (far fa'a) *origin (of a route/course), x3 of: x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to destination x2 from | x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/|, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) *origin (of canal/channel), x3 of: x1 is a canal/channel to x2 from | x3 with route x4 /:/ [x2/x3 may be unordered] /=/ naxle (nax xle) *origin (source/beginning), x1 (site/event) is a source/start/beginning/| of x2 (object/event/process) /:/ [also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initial] /=/ krasi (kra) *origin (starting point of penetration), x4 of: x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from | side x4 /:/ [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) *origin (transmitter), x4 of: x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to/towards receiver x3 from transmitter/| x4 via means/medium x5 /:/ [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from | is implied]; [x5 carrier] /=/ benji (bej be'i) *origin (| of a leap), x3 of: x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from | x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 /:/ [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like |] /=/ plipe (pip pi'e) *origin (| of a road), x3 of: x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered) /:/ [a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelling] /=/ dargu (dag) *origin (| of carrying), x4 of: x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from | x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) *origin (| of dive), x3 of: x1 dives/swoops [manner of controlled falling] to x2 from | x3 /:/ /=/ sfubu (sub su'u) *origin (| of fall), x3 of: x1 falls/drops to x2 from | x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4 /:/ [note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or tide as well as gravity; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] /=/ farlu (fal fa'u) *origin (| of going), x3 of: x1 comes/goes to destination x2 from | x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 /:/ [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ klama (kla) *origin (| of mail), x4 of: x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from | x4 by carrier/network/system x5 /:/ [also x4 post office, mailbox] /=/ mrilu (mri) *origin (| of movement), x3 of: x1 (object) moves to/towards destination/receiver x2 [away] from | x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at | (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)]; (cf. klama (which differs in that the means of motion is explicit); benji for agentive movement that does not necessarily imply alienation from |, preja for similar movement with no agent implied) /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) *origin (| of route), x3 of: x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects |/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) *origin (| returned to), x3 of: x1 (agent) returns x2 to |/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 from x4 /:/ [x2 goes back/reverts/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)] /=/ xruti (xru) &origin, canal | x3 of naxle &origin, going | x3 of klama &origin, lightning | x3 of lindi &origin, mail | x4 of mrilu &origin, move | x3 of muvdu *originator (| of a letter), x1 is a letter/missive/[note] to intended audience x2 from author/| x3 with content x4 /:/ /=/ xatra (xa'a) *origins (origins of gathering elements), x3 of: x1 (mass/jo'u) gathers/collects at location x2 from | x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ [also focus (= seljmaji)] /=/ jmaji (jaj) *orthopteran, x1 is a cockroach/[|/termite] of order/species/breed x2 /:/ [also grasshopper (= pi'erjalra); cricket (= snajalra); locust, termite (= mantyjalra or mudyctijalra)]; (while cockroaches are an order unto themselves, they are part of Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, crickets, etc; termites are a closely-related non-Orthoptera, more akin to cockroaches than to e.g. ants) /=/ jalra &oscillate, x1 of slilu *oscillate, x1 |-s at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) *oscillates, x1 | at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) &oscillation frequency, x2 of slilu &oscillation state, x3 of slilu *other (| occurence), x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, another, instance, different, |, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) *other side (result of penetrating motion), x3 of: x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to | x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) *other side (| of a bound: beyond), x1 and x3 of:x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) /:/ [on the | of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space] /=/ bancu (bac) *other side (| of gap/boundary: directly across), x1 and x3 of: x1 is located across/on the | of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 /:/ [also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo'e); directly across/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the | side of the boundary] /=/ ragve (rav) *other side, x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) /:/ [on the | of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space] /=/ bancu (bac) *other than (contrasting with), x1 and x2 of: x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [also | (less common meaning)] /=/ frica (fic) *other than (different than), x1 and x2 of: x1 isn't the-same-thing-as/is different-from/| x2 by standard x3; x1 is something else /:/ /=/ drata (dat) &other than, x2 of drata &other, x1 of drata &otherness standard, x3 of drata *oto- (pertaining to the ear), x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ kerlo (ker) *ounces, x1 is x2 (default 1) local weight unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, subunits [e.g. |] x4 /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ bunda (bud) *out of (material drunk), x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/| container/source x3 /:/ /=/ pinxe (pix) *out of (material dug up), x1 (agent) digs x2 [material] up/| x3 [source/hole] with limbs/tool(s) x4 /:/ [also x1 cuts into x3 (with material removal)] /=/ kakpa *out of (material made from), x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 | materials/parts/components x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) &out of, translated | x4 of fanva &out, x1 of bartu &out, cried | x2 of krixa &out, cry | x1 of krixa &out, dug | x2 of kakpa &out, filtered | x3 of julne &out, planned | x3 of platu &out, spat | x2 of sputu *out, x1 is on the |-side of x2; x1 is exterior to x2; (adjective:) x1 is |-er /:/ /=/ bartu (bar) *outcome, x1 (action/event/state) is a result/|/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) /:/ [also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)] /=/ jalge (jag ja'e) *outer covering, x1 is a crust/rind/peel/skin/hide/| of x2 /:/ , gacri) /=/ pilka (pil pi'a) *outer garment, x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra |] of material x2 /:/ /=/ kosta (kos) &outer space region, x2 of kensa &outer space, x1 of kensa *outer space, x1 is | near/associated with celestial body/region x2 /:/ /=/ kensa (kes) *outer, x1 is on the outside of x2; x1 is exterior to x2; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ /=/ bartu (bar) *outfit, x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, |; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) *outline, x1 is a frame/structure/skeleton/| supporting/load-bearing/determining the form of x2 /:/ /=/ greku (rek) *outputs (| of a process), x3 of: x1 is a process with inputs x2, |/results x3, passing through steps/stages x4 /:/ [x2 resource (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)] /=/ pruce (ruc ru'e) *outside diameter (| of a ring), x4 of: x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, | x4 /:/ [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)] /=/ djine (jin) &outside diameter, ring | x4 of djine &outside, sandwich | x3 of snuji &outside, thing having | x2 of bartu *outside, x1 is on the | of x2; x1 is exterior to x2 /:/ /=/ bartu (bar) *oval, x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, outside diameter x4 /:/ [also ellipse, | (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)] /=/ djine (jin) *ovary, x1 is a/the testes/|/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ] /=/ ganti &oven, x1 of toknu &oven, cooked in | x2 of toknu *oven, x1 is an | [enclosure that heats its contents] for baking/heating/drying x2 /:/ /=/ toknu (tok) *over there, x1 is located across/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 /:/ [also: x1 is over | (across/beyond zo'e); directly across/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the boundary] /=/ ragve (rav) &over, x2 of cnita &over, anguish | x1 of dunku &over, bridged | x2 of cripu &over, fought | x3 of damba &over, ranged | x2 of kuspe &over, thing arched | x2 of bargu *overhang, x1 is a balcony/|/ledge/shelf of building/structure x2 /:/ /=/ balni &overrun, x2 of preja *ovoid, x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 /:/ [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): |, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi] /=/ sovda (sov so'a) &ovulate, x2 of sovda *ovum, x1 is an egg/|/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 /:/ [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi] /=/ sovda (sov so'a) &owe, x1 of dejni *owe, x1 |-s x2 in debt/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a debtor /:/ /=/ dejni (dej) &owed, x2 of dejni &owed, x3 of dejni *owes, x1 | x2 in debt/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a debtor /:/ /=/ dejni (dej) *owned by (of a bank), x2 of: x1 is a bank | by/in banking system x2 for banking function(s) x3 (event) /:/ /=/ banxa (bax) *owned by all (public), x1 is public/un-hidden/open/jointly available to/| among community x2 (mass) /:/ /=/ gubni (gub) &owned, x2 of ponse *owner (of territory), x1 is territory/domain/space of/belonging to/controlled by | x2 /:/ /=/ tutra (tut) &owner, land | x2 of tutra &owner, previous | x3 of lebna *owner, x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is |/proprietor of x2 under x3 /:/ (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent) /=/ ponse (pos po'e) *owners (| of a market who operate it), x3 of: x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both |/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) *ownership (inheritance of |), x1 is an heir to/is to inherit x2 (object/quality) from x3 according to rule x4 /:/ [pedantically, inheriting an object should be a sumti-raising (tu'a if non-abstract in x2) of inheriting loka ponse the object - the | of the object (= po'ercerda, po'erselcerda for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cerda (ced) *owns, x1 possesses/|/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3 /:/ (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent) /=/ ponse (pos po'e) *ox, x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/|/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ bakni (bak) *oxidizer (| of a fire), x3 of: x1 is a fire/flame in fuel x2 burning-in/reacting-with | x3 (default air/oxygen) /:/ /=/ fagri (fag) &oxygen, x1 of kijno *oxygen, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | (O); [metaphor: supporting life/combustion] /:/ /=/ kijno (kij) *pace, x1 is x2 (default 1) short local distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [foot (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjamgutci), | (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ gutci (guc) *paces, x1 walks/strides/| on surface x2 using limbs x3 /:/ /=/ cadzu (dzu) *pack, x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/| [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3 /:/ /=/ bakfu (baf) *package, x1 is a bundle/|/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3 /:/ /=/ bakfu (baf) &packaged, x2 of bakfu &packaging, x3 of bakfu *packed, x1 is dense/concentrated/|/intense in property x2 (ka) at location/locus x3 /:/ /=/ denmi (dem) *pad, x1 cushions x2 with material x3; x1 is a cushion/pillow/| [for x2] of padding material x3 /:/ /=/ kicne (kic ki'e) *pad, x1 is a mat/|/mattress/pallet [flat, soft, dense form] of material x2 /:/ [also mattress = (kicymatci)] /=/ matci &padded, x2 of kicne *padding, x1 cushions x2 with material x3; x1 is a cushion/pillow/pad [for x2] of | material x3 /:/ /=/ kicne (kic ki'e) *padre (sound clue, Spanish for 'father'), x1 is a father of x2; x1 begets/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ patfu (paf pa'u) *page (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 is paper from source x2 /:/ [sheet of paper (= plekarda if shape is important, plebo'o)] /=/ pelji (ple) &page, x1 of papri &page, thing having | x2 of papri *page, x1 is a [physical] |/leaf of book/document/bound mass of pages x2 /:/ [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)] /=/ papri *pages (bound mass of |), x2 of: x1 is a [physical] page/leaf of book/document/bound mass of | x2 /:/ [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)] /=/ papri &pages, bound | x2 of papri &paid for, x4 of pleji &paid work, x3 of jerna &paid, x3 of pleji *pail, x1 is a bucket/|/can/deep, solid, wide-topped container of contents x2, made of material x3 /:/ /=/ baktu &pain locus, x2 of cortu &pain, x1 of cortu *pain, x1 hurts/feels |/hurt at locus x2 /:/ /=/ cortu (cor cro) &paint base, x3 of cinta &paint pigment, x2 of cinta &paint, x1 of cinta *paint, x1 [material] is a | of pigment/active substance x2, in a base of x3 /:/ /=/ cinta *pair (| of shears/scissors), x1 is a | of shears/scissors for cutting x2 /:/ /=/ jinci *paisa, x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also pfennig, |, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) &Pakistani aspect, x2 of kisto &Pakistani, x1 of kisto *Pakistani, x1 reflects |/Pashto culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ kisto (kis) %palaver, x1 is an event of x2(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discussing/talking about topic/subject x3 /:/ [also x1 is a chat/conversation/discussion/|] /=/ nunsnu *palaver, x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4; x1 |-s /:/ [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/discuss/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)] /=/ tavla (tav ta'a) *palavers, x1 talks/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4; x1 | /:/ [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/discuss/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)] /=/ tavla (tav ta'a) *pale (dull, non-intense), x1 is dim/dull/|/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [in colors, indicates unsaturated, pastel, | (though blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)] /=/ kandi (kad) *pale (whitish, light), x1 is white/very-light colored [color adjective] /:/ [| forms of other colors are a compound of white; e.g. pink (= labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for | = dimness, lack of intensity)] /=/ blabi (lab) &Palestinian aspect, x2 of filso &Palestinian, x1 of filso *Palestinian, x1 reflects | culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ filso (fis) *pallet (base/pedestal), x1 is a pedestal/base/stand/| supporting x2 (object/event), of materials/properties x3 /:/ [| (= lafyzbe)] /=/ zbepi (zbe) *pallet (bed), x1 is a bed/| of material x2 for holding/supporting x3 (person/object/event) /:/ /=/ ckana (cka) *pallet (mat), x1 is a mat/pad/mattress/| [flat, soft, dense form] of material x2 /:/ [also mattress = (kicymatci)] /=/ matci *pallet (tray), x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also |, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable] /=/ palne &pan contents, x2 of tansi &pan material, x3 of tansi &pan, x1 of tansi *pan, x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [|/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable] /=/ palne *pan, x1 is a |/basin/tub/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ [also bowl] /=/ tansi (tas) &panic, x1 of xalni &panic, object of | x2 of xalni *panic, x1 (person) is |-ked by crisis x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ xalni *panicked, x1 (person) is | by crisis x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ xalni *panorama, x1 is the view/scene/|/sight/prospect of x2 (object/location) from point-of-view x3 /:/ [also x1 is on display to x2/x3] /=/ jvinu (vin ji'u) &pants material, x2 of palku &pants, x1 of palku *pants, x1 are |/trousers/slacks/leggings [legged garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ palku (pak) *papa, x1 is a father/|/pop of x2; x1 begets/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ patfu (paf pa'u) *paper (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 is a [physical] page/leaf of book/document/bound mass of pages x2 /:/ [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)] /=/ papri *paper money, x1 is money/currency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fiscal /:/ ['currency' sometimes is restricted to | (= pledi'i)] /=/ jdini (din di'i) &paper source, x2 of pelji &paper, x1 of pelji *paper, x1 is | from source x2 /:/ [sheet of | (= plekarda if shape is important, plebo'o)] /=/ pelji (ple) *paraffin, x1 is quantity of wax [substance especially soft/moldable when warm] from source x2 /:/ [also |] /=/ lakse (lak) *parallel (differing only in), x1 |-s x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 /:/ [also: x1 is | to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a | involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra *parallel (similar in), x1 is similar/| to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and | differ primarily in emphasis] /=/ simsa (smi) ¶llel, x1 of panra ¶lleled, x2 of panra ¶llelism property, x3 of panra ¶llelism standard, x4 of panra *parallels (differs only in), x1 | x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 /:/ [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra *parameters (orbital | of a planet), x4 of: x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital | x4 /:/ /=/ plini *parameters (orbital | of a satellite), x4 of: x1 is a satellite/moon orbiting x2 with characteristics x3, orbital | x4 /:/ /=/ mluni (lun) ¶meters, orbital | x3 of plini *paramilitary, x1 is military/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also |; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)] /=/ bilni (bil) ¶site host, x3 of civla *parasitic (of a blood-sucking arthropod), x1 is a louse/flea [blood-sucking arthropod] of species/breed x2, | on x3 /:/ /=/ civla (civ) *parasitic (of a mold/fungus), x1 is a mold/fungus/mushrooms/truffles of species/strain x2 |/growing on x3 /:/ /=/ mledi (led) *parasol, x1 is an umbrella/| shielding x2 from x3, made of material x4, supported by x5 /:/ /=/ santa *parcel (| of land), x1 is a |/expanse of land at location x2; x1 is terrain /:/ /=/ tumla (tum tu'a) @parcel, see also "bundle" *parent (one who raises/rears children), x1 is a | of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) *parent (| with children including daughter), x3 of: x1 is a sister of/sororal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/|(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ mensi (mes me'i) *parent (| with children including son), x3 of: x1 is brother of/fraternal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/|(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ bruna (bun bu'a) *parent (| with offspring), x2 of: x1 is a [biological] offspring/child/kid/hybrid of |(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is filial /:/ /=/ panzi (paz) *parent (| with sibling children), x3 of: x1 is a sibling of x2 by bond/tie/standard/|(s) x3 /:/ /=/ tunba (tub) &parent of son, x2 of bersa &parent, x1 of rirni &parent, x2 of jbena &parent, daughter's | x2 of tixnu &parent, offspring | x2 of panzi *parental (of a member of a generation), x1 is an aunt/uncle of x2 by bond/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's | generation /:/ /=/ famti *parental, x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts | toward child/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) *parents (generation previous to |), x1 is an elder/ancestor of x2 by bond/tie/degree x3; x1's generation precedes x2's | /:/ /=/ dzena (dze) *parents (| with daughter), x2 of: x2 of: x1 is a daughter of mother/father/| x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ tixnu (tix ti'u) *parents (| with son), x2 of: x1 is a son of mother/father/| x2 [not necessarily biological] /:/ [also filial] /=/ bersa (bes be'a) &parish, x3 of malsi &park purpose, x3 of panka &park, x1 of panka &park, maintain | x2 of panka *park, x1 is a |/land reserve managed by community/polity/company x2 for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ panka &part of, x2 of pagbu &part, x1 of pagbu &part, plant edible | x2 of stagi &part, thing having .01 | x2 of centi &part, thing having .1 | x2 of decti &part, thing having 1E-15 | x2 of femti &part, thing having 1E-24 | x2 of gocti &part, thing having 1E-6 | x2 of mikri &part, thing having 1E-9 | x2 of nanvi *part, x1 is a |/component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1 /:/ [partly (= selpau)] /=/ pagbu (pag pau) *participants (| in a market), x3 of: x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with | x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) *particle (elementary |), x1 is a quantum/ray/elementary |/smallest measurable increment of property/activity x2 /:/ [quantum ray (= bonka'u)] /=/ kantu (ka'u) *particle (piece), x1 [object/substance] is a piece/portion/lump/chunk/| of x2 [substance] /:/ /=/ spisa (spi) @particle, see also "cell" *particular (adjective: specific), x1 (ka) is specific/|/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) *particular (noun: detail), x1 is a detail/feature/| of x2 /:/ /=/ tcila (til) *partition (method of separating), x4 of: x1 (agent) divides/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/individuals x3 by method/| x4 (an object in x4 usually requires tu'a) /:/ [also segments] /=/ fendi (fed) *partition (separation medium), x3 of: x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by |/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) &partitioned, x2 of fendi *partitions (divides), x1 (agent) divides/|/separates x2 into sections/parts/individuals x3 by method/partition x4 (an object in x4 usually requires tu'a) /:/ [also segments] /=/ fendi (fed) *partitions (part of the bounds of a room), x3 of: x1 is a room/chamber of/in structure x2 surrounded by |/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ /=/ kumfa (kum ku'a) *partly, x1 is a part/component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is | x1 /:/ [| (= selpau)] /=/ pagbu (pag pau) *partnership, x1 is a company/corporation/firm/| chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also enterprise/organization (if chartered)] /=/ kagni (kag) *parts (departs), x1 leaves/goes away/departs/|/separates from x2 via route x3 /:/ [also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2] /=/ cliva (liv li'a) *parts (results of separation/partition), x3 of: x1 (agent) divides/partitions/separates x2 into sections/|/individuals x3 by method/partition x4 (an object in x4 usually requires tu'a) /:/ [also segments] /=/ fendi (fed) *parts (| assembled from), x3 of: x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/|/components x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) &party, x3 of salci *party, x3 of: x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[|] x3 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) *Pashto, x1 reflects Pakistani/| culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ kisto (kis) *pass (through), x1 |-es through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [|-ing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) &pass through net, x2 of julne &pass through, x1 of pagre *pass, x1 is a crack/fissure/|/cleft/ravine/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2 /:/ /=/ fenra (fer fe'a) *passage (closed |), x1 (portal/|/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing |/access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane] /=/ ganlo (ga'o) *passage (filtered |), x1 is a net/filter allowing | of x2, prohibiting | of x3, netting properties x4 /:/ [also sieve] /=/ julne (ju'e) *passage (nasal |), x3 of: x1 is the nose [body-part] of x2 with nostril(s)/nasal |(s) x3; [metaphor: protrusion] /:/ [also (adjective:) nasal] /=/ nazbi (naz zbi) *passage (open |), x1 (portal/|/entrance-way) is open/ajar/not shut permitting |/access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway] /=/ kalri (kar) &passed from, x4 of pagre &passed through, x2 of pagre &passed to, x3 of pagre *passengers (| of an airplane), x2 of: x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying |/cargo x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ vinji (vij) @passengers, see all words for kinds of vehicle, "carry", "carried", "cargo" *passes through, x1 |/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) *passing through (penetrating), x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [| in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) *passing through (| stages/steps), x1 is a process with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, | steps/stages x4 /:/ [x2 resource (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)] /=/ pruce (ruc ru'e) *passive, x1 [person/|/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 /:/ [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 and x2 are empirical; suggests | undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)] /=/ lifri (lif fri) &passport, x1 of jaspu &passport, authorized by | x4 of jaspu &passport, issue | x3 of jaspu &passport, thing having | x2 of jaspu *passport, x1 is a | issued to x2 (person) by authority x3 allowing x4 (activity) /:/ /=/ jaspu (jap) &past, x1 of purci &past, thing having in its | x2 of purci *past, x1 is in the future of/later than/after | x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist | (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) *past, x1 is in the | of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter /:/ [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fa'opru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mu'opru)] /=/ purci (pur pru) &paste composition, x2 of pesxu &paste, x1 of pesxu *paste, x1 is |/pulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ pesxu (pex) *pastel, x1 is dim/dull/pale/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [in colors, indicates unsaturated, |, pale (though blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)] /=/ kandi (kad) *pastoral, x1 is a rural/rustic/| area of x2; x1 is in the country /:/ /=/ nurma (num) *paternal, x1 is a father of x2; x1 begets/sires/acts | towards x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ patfu (paf pa'u) *path (route of carrying), x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over | x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) *path (route of movement), x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over |/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) *path (route, no motion implied), x1 is a route/|/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) *path (| of reflection), x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a | for a bounced object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) @path see also "go", "travel" &path, carrying | x5 of bevri &path, move | x4 of muvdu *patient (linguistic), x1 [person/|/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 /:/ [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 and x2 are empirical; suggests | undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)] /=/ lifri (lif fri) *patient (| being doctored/nursed), x2 of: x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to | x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a | of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) *patient (| of hospital), x2 of: x1 is a hospital treating |(s) x2 for condition/injuries/disease/illness x3 /:/ [hospice (a place where x2 of spita is lenu mrobi'o = mrospita)] /=/ spita &patient, x2 of mikce &patient, hospital | x2 of spita *patron (one who is begged), x2 of: x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, |; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci *patrons (| of a bar/tavern), x3 of: x1 is a tavern/bar/pub serving x2 to audience/| x3 /:/ /=/ barja &patrons of a bar, x3 of barja *pattern (basis of a poem), x2 of: x1 is a poem/verse about plot/theme/subject/| x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ pemci (pem) *pattern (conceptual form), x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also |; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)] /=/ tarmi (tam tai) *pattern (method), x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 /:/ [also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); | (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)] /=/ tadji *pattern (sets a |), x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a |/example to be emulated] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) *pattern (wave |), x1 is a wave [periodic |] in medium x2, wave-form x3, wave-length x4, frequency x5 /:/ /=/ boxna (bon bo'a) *pattern (| of forms; model/arrangement), x1 is/reflects/represents a | of forms/events x2 arranged according to structure x3 /:/ [x3 is a [model] for x1 (= termontai, termonsi'o); image (= gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, selmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the ideal)] /=/ morna (mon mo'a) *pattern (| of markings), x1(s) is a/are mark(s)/spot(s) on x2 of material x3 /:/ [ba'armo'a for a | of marks] /=/ barna (ba'a) *pattern (| on a flag/banner), x3 of: x1 is a flag/banner/standard of/symbolizing x2 with |(s) x3 on material x4 /:/ /=/ lanci &pattern, x1 of morna @pattern, see also "oscillate", "regular" &patterned, x2 of morna *pause, x1 awaits/waits/|-s for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) /:/ [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4] /=/ denpa (dep de'a) &paused activity, x4 of denpa *pauses, x1 awaits/waits/| for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) /:/ [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4] /=/ denpa (dep de'a) *pay (compensation for goods/services), x1 |-s/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] |-ment x2 to recipient/|-ee x3 for goods/services x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) *pay (earnings), x2 of: x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/| x2 for work/service x3 (activity) /:/ [also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna *pay (something done for |, as a definition of 'job'), x1 is a job/occupation/employment/vocation (a type of work regularly done for |) of person x2 /:/ [working for another (= selplijibri)]; (cf. te jerna which is employment specifically for | and not specifically for another, te pilno which is employment not necessarily for | and not necessarily regular or lasting but for another, se gasnu and se zukte for incidental activities) /=/ jibri (jib) &pay price, x3 of jdima &pay, x1 of pleji &pay, x2 of jerna &payee, x3 of pleji *payee, x3 of: x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/| x3 for goods/services x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) @payload (something carried), see also "carry"/"carried" *payload (| of a rocket), x3 of: x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 carrying | x3 /:/ /=/ jakne &payload of a rocket, x3 of jakne *payment (compensation), x2 of: x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] | x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) *payment (reward), x4 of: x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts/| x4 /:/ [differs from earned | because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, po'ervelne'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cnemu (nem ne'u) &payment, x2 of pleji &payor, x1 of pleji *pays attention, x1 is attentive towards/attends/tends/| attention to object/affair x2 /:/ /=/ jundi (jud ju'i) *pays, x1 |/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) *pea, x1 is a bean/|/leguminous seed from plant [legume] x2 /:/ /=/ dembi (deb) &peace with, at | x2 of panpi &peace, x1 of panpi *peace, x1 is at | with x2 /:/ /=/ panpi (pap) *peak, x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/[rise]/[|]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from land/mass x2 /:/ /=/ cmana (ma'a) &pear species, x2 of perli &pear, x1 of perli *pear, x1 is a | [fruit] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ perli (per) *pearl, x1 is a gem/polished stone/| of type x2 from gemstone/material/source x3 /:/ [also jewel (= jmeja'i); gemstone (= x2, x3, or jmero'i, jmekunra); | (= selcakyjme - a gem found inside a shell, tercakyjme - a gem made of shell material, boijme - any ball-shaped gem), mother-of-| (= cakyjme)] /=/ jemna (jme) %peasant, x1 is a peon/|/low-born/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ tolnolpre *peat, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of coal/|/anthracite/bituminous from source x2 /:/ /=/ kolme (kol ko'e) *pebble, x1 is a bead/| [shape/form] of material x2 /:/ /=/ bidju *peck, x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), | (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ dekpu *pecuniary, x1 is money/currency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/|/fiscal /:/ ['currency' sometimes is restricted to paper money (= pledi'i)] /=/ jdini (din di'i) *pedagogical, x1/x5 of: x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) /:/ [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is |] /=/ ctuca (ctu) *pedagogue, x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) /:/ [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, |; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] /=/ ctuca (ctu) &pedal, x2 of stapa *pedal, x1 is a/the foot [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lowest portion] (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ /=/ jamfu (jaf jma) *pedestal (base of table), x3 of: x1 is a table/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/base/| x3 /:/ /=/ jubme (jub jbu) *pedestal (base/stand), x1 is a |/base/stand/pallet supporting x2 (object/event), of materials/properties x3 /:/ [pallet (= lafyzbe)] /=/ zbepi (zbe) *pedestal (support for standing object), x3 of: x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/| x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) &pedestal material, x3 of zbepi &pedestal, x1 of zbepi &pedestal, x3 of jubme &pedestal, thing having | x2 of zbepi *pee, x1 is a/the urine/piss/| of x2 /:/ /=/ pinca *peel, x1 is a crust/rind/|/skin/hide/outer cover of x2 /:/ , gacri) /=/ pilka (pil pi'a) *peg, x1 is a pin/| (needle-shaped tool) for fastening to/piercing x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ pijne *pellet (shot |; ballistic projectile), x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot |(s)] /=/ danti (dan) &pelt, x1 of skapi &pelt, thing having | x2 of skapi *pelt, x1 is a |/skin/hide/leather from x2 /:/ /=/ skapi (kap) &pen using ink, x3 of xinmo &pen, x1 of penbi &pen, ink for | x2 of penbi &pen, process using | x3 of penbi *pen, x1 is a | using ink x2 applied by process x3 /:/ /=/ penbi (peb) *penalty (demerit, negative reward), x4 of: x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4 /:/ [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, |, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, po'ervelne'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cnemu (nem ne'u) *penalty (punishment), x4 of: x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment/| x4 (event/state) /:/ [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense)] /=/ sfasa (sfa) &pencil covering, x3 of pinsi &pencil lead, x2 of pinsi &pencil, x1 of pinsi *pencil, x1 is a |/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 /:/ [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)] /=/ pinsi (pis) *pendant, x1 hangs/dangles/is suspended from x2 by/at/with joint x3 /:/ [| (= dadja'i); also dependent (original meaning)] /=/ dandu (dad) *penetrates, x1 passes through/| barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) *penetrating (of a claw or weapon), x1 is a/the claw/nail/talon [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed, |, physical weapon] /:/ /=/ jgalu (ja'u) *peninsula, x1 is a/the finger/digit/toe [body-part] on limb/body site x2 of body x3; [metaphor: |] /:/ [finger (= xandegji), toe (= jmadegji)]; , /=/ degji (deg) &penis, x1 of pinji &penis, thing having | x2 of pinji *penis, x1 is a/the clitoris/| [projecting reproductive organ; body-part] of x2 /:/ [normally context eliminates need for specificity; otherwise: | (= nakpinji), clitoris (= fetpinji)] /=/ pinji *penny (sound clue, cultural example of general class), x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) *pensive, x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is | about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 /:/ [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)] /=/ pensi (pes pei) %peon, x1 is a |/common-er/low-born/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ tolnolpre *people (believers in a religion), x2 of: x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 |(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) *people (person(s)), x1 is a person/| (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a persona /:/ /=/ prenu (pre) *people (standard for crime/taboo), x2 of: x1 (event/state) is a punishable crime/[taboo/sin] to |/culture/judges/jury x2 /:/ [taboo (= kluzei, cacyzei); sin (= madzei, jdamadzei); heresy (= jdazei)] /=/ zekri (zer zei) *people (| governed/ruled), x2 of: x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over |/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *people (| having deity), x2 of: x1 is a/the god/deity of |(s)/religion x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is divine /:/ [also divinity] /=/ cevni (cev cei) *people (| holding sacred/holy), x2 of: x1 is holy/sacred to person/|/culture/religion/cult/group x2 /:/ /=/ censa (ces) *people (| in a nation/ethnic group), x2 of: x1 is a nation/ethnic group of | x2; [| sharing a history/culture] /:/ /=/ natmi (nat nai) *people (| of a country), x2 of: x1 is the country of | x2 with land/territory x3; (people/territory relationship) /:/ [also sovereignty, domestic (as opposed to foreign), nation (when not referring to ethos)] /=/ gugde (gug gu'e) *people (| producing artifact), x2 of: x1 is an artifact; x1 is artificial; x1 is made/caused by |/se kulnu x2; x1 is man-made /:/ /=/ rutni (run) &people of country, x2 of gugde &people of nation, x2 of natmi &people with language, x2 of bangu *peppery, x1 is pungent/piquant/|/spicy to sense x2 /:/ [also prickly (= pe'urcpina)] /=/ cpina &perceive as alien, x3 of fange &perceive color, x3 of skari &perceive meaning, x3 of smuni &perceive, x1 of ganse *perceived (of color), x1 is/appears to be of color/hue x2 as |/seen by x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [conditions may include lighting, background, etc.] /=/ skari (ska) %perceived, x1 is a vision, an event of x2 viewing/seeing/perceiving visually x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is |] /=/ nunvi'a *perceives (senses/notices), x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, |, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) *perceives visually, x1 sees/| x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"] /=/ viska (vis vi'a) %perceiving, x1 is a vision, an event of x2 viewing/seeing/| visually x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived] /=/ nunvi'a *percussion (tuned | instrument), x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned | instrument] producing sound/note x2 /:/ [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)] /=/ janbe (jab) *percussion (| instrument), x1 is a drum/cymbal/gong [| musical instrument] with beater/actuator x2 /:/ /=/ damri *perfect (correct), x1 is correct/proper/right/| in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ drani (dra) *perfect (ideal/flawless), x1 is |/ideal/archetypical/faultless/flawless/un-improvable in property/aspect x2 (ka) /:/ [also without defect/error] /=/ prane (pa'e) &perfect, x1 of prane @perfect, see also "whole", "pure" *perfected (completed), x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 /:/ [also |, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely] /=/ mulno (mul mu'o) &perfection property, x2 of prane &perform music, x2 of zgike &perform, x1 of tigni *perform, x1 |-s x2 [|-ance] for/before audience x3 /:/ /=/ tigni (tig) &performance audience, x3 of tigni &performance, x2 of tigni *performance, x2 of: x1 performs x2 [|] for/before audience x3 /:/ /=/ tigni (tig) *performed (of magic), x1 is magic/supernatural/sorcery/witchcraft/wizardry to x2, | by person/force/deity x3 /:/ /=/ makfa (maf) *performed (of music), x1 is music |/produced by x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) &performed, x2 of tigni *performer (of magic), x3 of: x1 is magic/supernatural/sorcery/witchcraft/wizardry to x2, performed by |/person/force/deity x3 /:/ /=/ makfa (maf) *performer (of music), x2 of: x1 is music performed/produced by | x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) *performs (does a performance), x1 | x2 [performance] for/before audience x3 /:/ /=/ tigni (tig) *performs (| gymnastics feat), x1 is a gymnast at/| gymnastics feat x2 /:/ /=/ zajba (zaj) &perfumed, x2 of panci *peril (potentially harmful), x1 is perilous/dangerous/potentially harmful to x2 under conditions x3; x1 is a danger/| /:/ /=/ ckape (cap) *peril (something defended against), x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/|/potential x3 (event) /:/ [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)] /=/ bandu (bad) *peril (something insured against), x3 of: x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against |/loss x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) /:/ [sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)] /=/ binra &peril conditions, x3 of ckape &peril, x1 of ckape *peril, x1 is |-ous/dangerous/potentially harmful to x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ ckape (cap) *perilous, x1 is |/dangerous/potentially harmful to x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ ckape (cap) *period (duration/interval), x1 is the time-duration/interval/|/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to time/event x3 /:/ [also age/elapsed time (= niltei)] /=/ temci (tem tei) *period (interval between seasonal reoccurrence), x2 of: x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 /:/ [also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the | of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year] /=/ citsi *period (| of cyclical phenomenon), x3 of: x1 is regular/cyclical/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with |/interval x3 /:/ [also uniform; resonant (= dikslicai)] /=/ dikni (dik) &period, loan | x4 of jbera &period, regular | x3 of dikni *periodic (of a cyclical phenomenon), x1 is regular/cyclical/| in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/interval x3 /:/ [also uniform; resonant (= dikslicai)] /=/ dikni (dik) *periodic (of a tide), x1 is a tide [cyclical/| expansion] in x2 caused by x3 /:/ /=/ ctaru *periodic pattern (wave), x1 is a wave [|] in medium x2, wave-form x3, wave-length x4, frequency x5 /:/ /=/ boxna (bon bo'a) *periodical (newspaper/magazine), x1 is a journal/|/magazine/[newspaper] with content x2 published by x3 for audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a subject, but not all journals have a single subject; all have some sort of principle defining what is included, so this need not be a list] /=/ karni *perishable (contents of a can), x2 of: x1 is a can/tightly sealed/pre-sealed container for | contents x2, made of x3 /:/ /=/ lante &permanence property, x2 of vitno &permanence standard, x3 of vitno *permanent (lasting), x1 is |/lasting/[eternal] in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [time-span/expectant one] /:/ [also everlasting] /=/ vitno (vi'o) *permanent (| location), x1 is an inherent/inalienable site/place/position/situation/spot/location of x2 (object/event) /:/ [generally used for normally stationary objects/events, to give their '|' location] /=/ stuzi (tuz stu) &permanent, x1 of vitno &permission condition, x3 of curmi *permits, x1 (agent) lets/|/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2 /:/ [sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that | a situation (= tcinycru)] /=/ curmi (cru) *permitting (justification |), x1 (event/state) is a reason/justification/explanation for/causing/| x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ krinu (rin ki'u) *permitting (portal | access), x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is open/ajar/not shut | passage/access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway] /=/ kalri (kar) *perpendicular, x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on/| to surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximately) | to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) *persists (continues), x1 (event/state) continues/| over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is continuous over x2 /:/ /=/ ranji (ra'i) *persists (ranges), x1 ranges/extends/spans/|/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) *persists (survives), x1 survives/endures/undergoes/abides/lasts/| through x2 for interval/duration x3 /:/ [also lasts out, withstands; x1 |/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable] /=/ renvi (rev re'i) *person (| making speech sound), x2 of: x1 is a voice/speech sound of | x2 /:/ /=/ voksa (vok vo'a) &person feeling anguish, x1 of dunku &person giving ridicule, x1 of ckasu &person of authority x1 of catni &person requested from, x3 of cpedu &person suffering annoyance, x2 of fanza &person taught, x2 of ctuca &person, x1 of prenu &person, embarrassed | x1 of burna *person, x1 is a |/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a persona /:/ /=/ prenu (pre) &person/thing subjected to destiny, x2 of dimna *persona, x1 is a person/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a | /:/ /=/ prenu (pre) *personal, x1 is private/|/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden /:/ [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)] /=/ sivni (siv) *personalities (multiple |), x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; multiple | (= so'i menli)] /=/ menli (men) *personality (displays |), x1 is a person/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays |/a persona /:/ /=/ prenu (pre) *persons (| of a team/gang/band), x2 of: x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of | x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) *persons (| under authority), x2 of: x1 has authority/is an official in/on/over matter/sphere/| x2 derived on basis x3 /:/ /=/ catni (ca'i) *persons (| well-known to, of a celebrity), x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of | x2 (mass) /:/ [also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)] /=/ misno (mis mi'o) *perspiration, x1 is a/the sweat/| from body x2, excreted by gland(s)/organs x3 /:/ /=/ xasne &pertain, x1 of srana *pertain, x1 |-s to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2] /=/ srana (ra'a) &pertained to, x2 of srana *pertains (is relevant to), x1 | to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2] /=/ srana (ra'a) &pest, x1 of fanza &pester, x1 of fanza *pet, x1 (agent) strokes/rubs/pets x2 with x3 /:/ [| (= pamsa'e)] /=/ satre (sa'e) *peta- (metric prefix), x1 is 1x10**15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ petso (pet) *petition (plead/request), x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, |, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci @petition, see also "request" *petitions, x1 requests/asks/|/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4 /:/ [also demand (= mi'ecpe)] /=/ cpedu (cpe) &petroleum source, x2 of ctile &petroleum, x1 of ctile *petroleum, x1 is a quantity of |/oil from source x2 /:/ /=/ ctile *pets, x1 (agent) strokes/rubs/| x2 with x3 /:/ [pet (= pamsa'e)] /=/ satre (sa'e) *pfennig, x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also |, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) *phenomenon (mental |), x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental |; multiple personalities (= so'i menli)] /=/ menli (men) *Philistine (Latinized form of Semitic name for Palestine), x1 reflects Palestinian culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ filso (fis) &phobia, x2 of terpa *phonates, x1 utters verbally/says/|/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2 /:/ [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)] /=/ bacru (ba'u) *phonetics (as a basis of rhyme), x3 of: x1 rhymes/alliterates with x2 in language/| x3, matching sound correspondence x4 (ka) /:/ [broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound correspondence] /=/ rimni (rim) *photo, x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), image (= xratai), | (= kacmyxra), take a | (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)] /=/ pixra (pir xra) *photographic equipment, x1 is a camera/| recording illumination type x2 images to medium x3 /:/ /=/ kacma &photographic illumination, x2 of kacma &photographic medium, x3 of kacma *phrase compound (contrasted with 'affix compound' = lujvo), x1 is a binary metaphor formed with x2 modifying x3, giving meaning x4 in language x5 /:/ (x2 and x3 are both text or both si'o concept) /=/ tanru (tau) &phrase compound, x1 of tanru &phrase language, x5 of tanru &phrase meaning, x4 of tanru &phrase modificand, x3 of tanru &phrase modifier, x2 of tanru &phrase with article, x2 of gadri *phrase, x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/focus] in language x3 /:/ [| (= jufpau, suzrelvla, suzvla for linguistics sense, which may be a single word), terminal phrase/grammar unit (= gensle)] /=/ jufra (juf ju'a) *phylum (category), x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) /:/ [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, |] /=/ klesi (kle lei) *phylum (higher taxon in taxonomy tree), x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, order, |; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) *physical (existing in the real world), x1 exists/is real/actual/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; [x1 is | (one sense)] /=/ zasti (zat za'i) *physical (of matter), x1 is material/stuff/matter of type/composition including x2 in shape/form x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is | (one sense)/material] /=/ marji (maj mai) *physical book, x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ [x1 is a manifestation/container [a | object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) &physical form, x3 of marji *physical page, x1 is a |/leaf of book/document/bound mass of pages x2 /:/ [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)] /=/ papri *physical power (muscle as metaphor for |), x1 is a/the muscle [body-part] controlling x2, of body x3; [metaphor: tools of |] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is muscular] /=/ sluji (slu) *physically causes, x1 (event/state) effects/| effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2] /=/ rinka (rik ri'a) *physician, x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is |/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) &piano, x1 of pipno *piano, x1 is a |/harpsichord/synthesizer/organ; a keyboard musical instrument /:/ /=/ pipno (pi'o) *pico- (metric compound), x1 is a trillionth [1x10**-12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ picti (pic) *pictorial, x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is |/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)] /=/ pixra (pir xra) *picture (illustration), x1 is a |/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)] /=/ pixra (pir xra) *picture (movie), x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion |; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) &picture medium, x4 of pixra &picture, x1 of pixra &picture, big | x2 of tcila &picture, draw | x3 of pixra *piece (chunk/portion), x1 [object/substance] is a |/portion/lump/chunk/particle of x2 [substance] /:/ /=/ spisa (spi) *piece (part/component), x1 is a part/component/|/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1 /:/ [partly (= selpau)] /=/ pagbu (pag pau) &piece cut, x3 of katna &piece, x1 of spisa &piece, broken | x2 of porpi @piece, see also "cell" &piece, thing having | x2 of spisa *pieces (| resulting from cutting/dividing), x3 of: x1 (tool/blade/force) cuts [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into | x3 /:/ [for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; agentive cutting (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)] /=/ katna (ka'a) *pieces (| resulting from explosion), x2 of: x1 bursts/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into |/energy/fragments x2 /:/ /=/ spoja (poj po'a) *pieces (| resulting from fracture), x2 of: x1 breaks/fractures/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into | x2 /:/ /=/ porpi (pop po'i) *piercing (of a pin), x1 is a pin/peg (needle-shaped tool) for fastening to/| x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ pijne @piercing, see also "penetrate" &pig species, x2 of xarju &pig, x1 of xarju *pig, x1 is a |/hog/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2 /:/ [sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)] /=/ xarju (xaj) *piglet, x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2 /:/ [sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), | (= citxarju)] /=/ xarju (xaj) *pigment (| of ink), x2 of: x1 is a quantity of ink of color/| x2 used by writing device x3 /:/ /=/ xinmo (xim) *pigment (| of paint), x2 of: x1 [material] is a paint of |/active substance x2, in a base of x3 /:/ /=/ cinta &pigment, paint | x2 of cinta *pile, x1 is a heap/|/stack/mound/hill of materials x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ derxi (dre) &piled, x2 of derxi *pillar, x1 is a column/| of material x2 /:/ [spine (= bo'urkamju), vertebra (= kamjybo'u)] /=/ kamju *pillow, x1 cushions x2 with material x3; x1 is a cushion/|/pad [for x2] of padding material x3 /:/ /=/ kicne (kic ki'e) *pilots, x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/|/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) &pin material, x3 of pijne &pin, x1 of pijne *pin, x1 is a |/peg (needle-shaped tool) for fastening to/piercing x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ pijne *pincers, x1 is a/are tong(s)/chopsticks/|/tweezers/pliers [tool/body-part] for x2 to pinch x3 /:/ /=/ cinza *pinch (pincers/tongs used to |), x1 is a/are tong(s)/chopsticks/pincers/tweezers/pliers [tool/body-part] for x2 to | x3 /:/ /=/ cinza *pinch (pinch to the point of pain/damage), x1 bites/pinches x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4 /:/ [bite through (= batka'a, batygre); | (= cinzybatci)] /=/ batci (bat) &pinched, x2 of tagji &pinched, x3 of cinza &pinches, x2 of cinza *pinches, x1 bites/| x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4 /:/ [bite through (= batka'a, batygre); pinch (= cinzybatci)] /=/ batci (bat) *pine, x1 is a conifer/|/fir of species/strain x2 with cones x3 /:/ /=/ ckunu (ku'u) *pink (whitish), x1 is white/very-light colored [color adjective] /:/ [pale forms of other colors are a compound of white; e.g. | (= labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity)] /=/ blabi (lab) &pinned, x2 of pijne *pipe, x1 is a flute/|/fife/recorder [flute-like/air-reed musical instrument] /:/ /=/ flani *pipe, x1 is a length of tubing/|/hollow cylinder [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of material x3 /:/ [also sleeve, leg, hose, (adjective:) tubular] /=/ tubnu (tu'u) *piquant, x1 is pungent/|/peppery/spicy to sense x2 /:/ [also prickly (= pe'urcpina)] /=/ cpina *piss, x1 is a/the urine/|/pee of x2 /:/ /=/ pinca *pistil, x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/| [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ] /=/ ganti *pit, x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1 /:/ [also |, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)] /=/ kevna (kev ke'a) *pitch (| of threads of screw), x3 of: x1 is a screw [fastener] for purpose x2, threads [|, material] x3, frame [size, material] x4 /:/ [also bolt] /=/ klupe (lup lu'e) *pitch (|/frequency of tone), x2 of: x1 is a tone/note of frequency/| x2 from source x3 /:/ /=/ tonga (tog to'a) &pitch, x2 of tonga %pitch, x1 is a note/musical notation/symbol for tone/note x2 of frequency/| x3 in musical notation system x4/:/ /=/ togle'u &pitiable, x2 of kecti *pities, x1 (person) |/feels sorry for x2 (person) about x3 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ kecti (kec ke'i) &pitiful, x3 of kecti &pity, x1 of kecti &pity, object of | x2 of kecti &pity, reason for | x3 of kecti *pity, x1 (person) |-es/feels sorry for x2 (person) about x3 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ kecti (kec ke'i) *pixie, x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/|/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) &place grasped, x4 of jgari &place kissed, x3 of cinba %place of birth, x1 is a nativity/birth, an event of x2 being born to x3 at time x4 [birthday] and place x5 [|] /:/ /=/ nunjbe *place of birth, x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [|]; x1 is native to (fo) x4 /:/ [x2 bears/gives birth to x1] /=/ jbena (jbe) &place vanished from, x2 of canci &place, argument | x3 of sumti &place, gathering | x2 of jmaji &place, guest | x3 of vitke &place, meeting | x3 of penmi &placed at, x3 of punji &placed, x2 of punji *places (puts/sets), x1 (agent) puts/|/sets x2 on/at surface/locus x3 /:/ /=/ punji (puj pu'i) &plaintext encoded, x2 of mifra *plaintext, x2 of: x1 is encoded/cipher text of | x2 by code/coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code /:/ [code (= termifra)] /=/ mifra (mif) *plan (agentive), x1 (agent) |-s/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) *plan (something planned), x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots |/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) &plan [n], x2 of platu &plan made, x2 of platu &plan, x1 of platu *plan, x1 approves of/gives favor to |/action x2 (object/event) /:/ /=/ zanru (zar zau) *planar (of a plane), x1 is a plane [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth] /:/ [also: x1 is even/|/level]; (x2 is a set of points at least sufficient to define the plane) /=/ plita (pit) *plane (2-dimensional form), x1 is a | [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth] /:/ [also: x1 is even/planar/level]; (x2 is a set of points at least sufficient to define the |) /=/ plita (pit) *plane (| in which something surrounds), x3: x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/| x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) &plane cargo, x2 of vinji &plane propelling method, x3 of vinji &plane, x1 of plita &plane, point in | x2 of plita *planet (body revolving around a star), x1 is a | revolving around x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ plini *planet (home | of race with sun), x2 of: x1 is the sun of home | x2 (default Earth) of race x3 /:/ ['home planet' refers to a planet which is "home" to a race, but not necessarily the original "home" of a species if that species inhabits many worlds] /=/ solri (sol) *planet (home | of race), x1 is the Earth/the home | of race x2; (adjective:) x1 is terrestrial/earthbound /:/ /=/ terdi (ted) *planet (| with atmosphere), x2 of: x1 is a quantity of air/normally-gaseous atmosphere of | x2, of composition including x3 /:/ /=/ vacri (var) *planet (| with natural satellite), x2 of: x1 is Earth's moon (default); x1 is a major natural satellite/moon of | x2 /:/ /=/ lunra (lur) *planet (| with ocean), x2 of: x1 is a sea/ocean/gulf/[atmosphere] of | x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine /:/ [also atmosphere (= varxamsi, varsenta)] /=/ xamsi (xas) &planet inhabitant, x2 of terdi &planet orbit, x4 of plini &planet primary, x2 of plini &planet with air, x2 of vacri &planet with sea, x2 of xamsi &planet with sun, x2 of solri &planet, x1 of plini *planetary characteristics), x3 of: x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with | x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ plini &planetary property, x3 of plini *plank, x1 is a board/| [3-dimensional long flat rectangle] of material x2 /:/ /=/ tanbo (ta'o) &planned for, x3 of platu &planned out, x3 of platu &planned, x2 of tadji &planner, x1 of platu *plans, x1 (agent) |/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) *plant (banana |), x1 is a banana/plantain [fruit/|] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ badna *plant (edible |), x3 of: x1 is the edible x2 portion of | x3; x1 is a vegetable /:/ [note that fruits and nuts are also vegetables; generally this word will be used for either the general category of edible plants, or for non-fruit vegetables (= nalrutstagi)] /=/ stagi *plant (factory/industrial | producing), x1 is a factory/foundry/industrial |/mill producing x2 from materials x3 /:/ /=/ fanri *plant (flowering |), x2 of: x1 is a/the flower/blossom/bloom [body-part] of |/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is floral /:/ /=/ xrula (rul) *plant (general term: herb/greenery), x1 is a |/herb/greenery of species/strain/cultivar x2 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is vegetable/vegetal/vegetative] /=/ spati (spa) *plant (grain |), x2 of; x1 is grain/[British: corn]/cereal from |/species x2 /:/ /=/ gurni (gru) *plant (melon/squash |), x1 is a melon/squash [fruit/|] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ guzme (guz zme) *plant (mill/industrial | performing process), x1 is a mill/foundry/industrial |/[assembly line] performing process x2 /:/ [(unlike fanri,) need not produce a product; grain mill (= grumlo), grinding mill (= zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca'a)] /=/ molki (mlo) *plant (symbolic |), x1 is a lotus, |/flower/herb of species/strain x2 symbolizing x3 to culture/religion x4 /:/ /=/ latna *plant (tomato |), x1 is a tomato [fruit/vegetable/|] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ tamca *plant (| growing from bulbs), x2 of: x1 is a bulb [body-part] of |/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, bulgy] /:/ /=/ balji *plant (| producing berries), x2 of: x1 is a berry (fruit/|) of |/species x2 /:/ /=/ jbari (jba) *plant (| producing leguminous seeds), x2 of: x1 is a bean/pea/leguminous seed from | [legume] x2 /:/ /=/ dembi (deb) *plant (| producing nuts), x2 of: x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-shelled fruit] from |/species x2 with shell x3 and kernel x4 /:/ [also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)] /=/ narge (nag) *plant (| with leaves), x2 of: x1 is a leaf of | x2; x1 is foliage of x2 /:/ /=/ pezli (pez) *plant (| with roots), x2 of: x1 is a root [body-part] of |/species x2; [metaphor: immobile, supporting, nourishing] /:/ /=/ genja (gej) *plant (| with stalk/stem), x2 of: x1 is a/the stalk/stem/trunk [body-part] of |/species x2; [metaphor: main support] /:/ /=/ stani &plant edible part, x2 of stagi &plant species, x2 of spati *plant taxonomy, x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal taxonomy/|] /=/ jutsi (jut) &plant with bulb, x2 of balji &plant with nut, x2 of narge &plant, x1 of spati &plant, edible | x3 of stagi &plant, flowering | x2 of xrula &plant, leguminous | x2 of dembi *plantain, x1 is a banana/| [fruit/plant] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ badna &planted, x2 of sombo *plants (cultivated |), x3 of: x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 growing |/crop x3 /:/ [orchard (= ricpurdi)] /=/ purdi (pud) *plants (sows), x1 sows/| x2 [crop/|] at/in x3 /:/ /=/ sombo (som so'o) &plastic monomer, x2 of slasi &plastic, x1 of slasi *plastic, x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains |/polymer of type/component unit(s) x2 /:/ /=/ slasi (las) &plate material, x2 of palta &plate, x1 of palta *plate, x1 is a |/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave food service bed] made of material x2 /:/ /=/ palta *platform, x1 is a stage/|/dais/[scaffold] at/in x2 supporting x3, made of material x4 /:/ (x3 object/event) /=/ tsina (sin) *platter (plate), x1 is a plate/dish/|/saucer [flat/mildly concave food service bed] made of material x2 /:/ /=/ palta *platter (tray), x1 is a tray/|/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable] /=/ palne @play (competetively), see also "compete" *play (drama), x1 is a drama/| about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with actors x5 /:/ [x2 may also be a convention] /=/ draci *play (music), x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); | an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) *play (with toy/game), x1 [agent] |-s with plaything/toy x2 /:/ [| game (= ci'erkei), | competitively (= jvikei)] /=/ kelci (kel kei) &play, x1 of kelci *playing an instrument (event), x2 of: x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person |, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) *plays, x1 [agent] | with plaything/toy x2 /:/ [play game (= ci'erkei), play competitively (= jvikei)] /=/ kelci (kel kei) &plaything, x2 of kelci *plaything, x2 of: x1 [agent] plays with |/toy x2 /:/ [play game (= ci'erkei), play competitively (= jvikei)] /=/ kelci (kel kei) *plea (agentive), x1 of: x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, |, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci @plea (response to accusation), consider metaphor "respond-assert" (= spuxu'a), "respond-deny" [for plea of innocence] (= spuna'e), "guilt-agree" (= zugytu'i), "guilt-deny" (= zugna'e) *pleads, x1 begs/|/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci *pleasant (beautiful), x1 is beautiful/| to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4 /:/ [also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful] /=/ melbi (mel mle) *pleasant (pleases), x1 (event/state) seems | to/pleases x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ pluka (puk pu'a) &pleasant, x1 of pluka *pleasantly (| occupies; amuses), x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1 /:/ [also: x1 occupies x2 |; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2] /=/ zdile (zdi) &pleased, x2 of pluka *pleases, x1 (event/state) seems pleasant to/| x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ pluka (puk pu'a) &pleasing conditions, x3 of pluka &plectrum, x2 of jgita *plectrum, x2 of: x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/|/bow x2 /:/ [also lute, viola, cello] /=/ jgita (git) *pliers, x1 is a/are tong(s)/chopsticks/pincers/tweezers/| [tool/body-part] for x2 to pinch x3 /:/ /=/ cinza *plot (plan), x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/|/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) *plot (| of drama), x1 is a drama/play about x2 [|/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with actors x5 /:/ [x2 may also be a convention] /=/ draci *plot (| of fictional work), x1 is a work of fiction about |/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3 /:/ [also story, lie, untrue] /=/ cfika (fik fi'a) *plot (| of movie), x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [|/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) *plot (| of poem), x1 is a poem/verse about |/theme/subject/pattern x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ pemci (pem) *plot (| of prosaic work), x1 is prose about |/theme/subject x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [non-poetic written text, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ prosa (ros ro'a) *plot (| of story), x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about |/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author] /=/ lisri (lis) &plot of a story, x2 of lisri &plot of drama, x2 of draci &plot of film, x2 of skina &plot, x2 of cfika *plots, x1 (agent) plans/designs/| plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) &plow, x1 of plixa &plow, x3 of plixa &plow, pull | x4 of plixa *plow, x1 (agent) |-s/furrows/tills [cuts into and turns up] x2 with tool x3 propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ plixa (lix) &plowed, x2 of plixa &plowing tool, x3 of plixa *plows, x1 (agent) |/furrows/tills [cuts into and turns up] x2 with tool x3 propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ plixa (lix) *plumage, x1 is a/the feather/plume(s)/| [body-part] of animal/species x2 /:/ /=/ pimlu (pim pi'u) *plumb, x1 is vertical/upright/erect/|/oriented straight up and down in reference frame/gravity x2 /:/ /=/ sraji (raj) *plume, x1 is a/the feather/|(s)/plumage [body-part] of animal/species x2 /:/ /=/ pimlu (pim pi'u) &plump, x1 of plana *plump, x1 is |/fat/obese [excessively thick/bulbous/swollen] by standard x2 /:/ /=/ plana &plumpness standard, x2 of plana *plus, x1 is a mathematical sum/result/total of x2 |/increased by x3 /:/ /=/ sumji (suj) &pocket, x1 of daski &pocket, thing having | x2 of daski *pocket, x1 is a |/pouch of/in garment/item x2 /:/ /=/ daski &poem subject, x2 of pemci &poem, x1 of pemci &poem, read | x4 of pemci *poem, x1 is a |/verse about plot/theme/subject/pattern x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ pemci (pem) &poet, x3 of pemci &poetic theme, x2 of pemci *point (instant/moment/dimensionless |), x1 is a |/instant/moment [0-dimensional shape/form] in/on/at time/place x2 /:/ [x1 is dimensionless] /=/ mokca (moc) *point (tip/extremity), x1 is a tip/|/vertex/extremity [0-dimension shape/form] on object x2 at locus x3 /:/ /=/ jipno (jip ji'o) &point in plane, x2 of plita &point location, x2 of mokca &point of a leap, starting | x3 of plipe *point of view (something agreed with), x1 [person] agrees with person(s)/position/| x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4 /:/ /=/ tugni (tug tu'i) *point of view (| argued against), x2 of: x1 argues for point of view/stand x2 against | x3; [an opponent is not necessary] /:/ /=/ darlu (dau) *point of view (| argued for), x2 of: x1 argues for | x2 against point of view/stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary] /:/ /=/ darlu (dau) *point of view, x2 of: x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion/|] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jinvi (jiv ji'i) &point on route, x4 of pluta &point pressure, boiling | x3 of febvi &point, x1 of mokca &point, boiling | x2 of febvi &point, condensation | x3 of lunsa &point, depth reference | x3 of condi &point, freezing | x2 of dunja &point, loud at | x2 of cladu &point, melting | x2 of runme &point, shallow reference | x3 of caxno &point, starting | x3 of klama &point, starting | x3 of pluta &point, turning | x2 of suksa &point, vantage | x3 of jvinu &point, weak | x2 of ruble &point-of-view, x3 of jvinu *pointed (metaphorical of a claw), x1 is a/the claw/nail/talon [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: |, penetrating, physical weapon] /:/ /=/ jgalu (ja'u) *pointed (metaphorical of a horn), x1 is a/the horn [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: | extremity] /:/ /=/ jirna *pointed (of a nail/tack), x1 is a nail/tack [| driven/frictional fastener] of type/size x2 (ka), made of material x3 /:/ /=/ dinko (di'o) *pointed (of a needle-like form), x1 is a needle [| shape/form, not tool] of material x2 /:/ /=/ jesni (jes) &pointed, x2 of jipno *points (data | on a chart/diagram/map), x3 of: x1 is a chart/diagram/map of/about x2 showing formation/data-| x3 /:/ /=/ cartu (cat) *points (set of | bounding those among/between), x2 of: x1 is between/among set of |/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/limits/range for x1] /=/ jbini (bin bi'i) *points (set of | defining closed curve), x1 is a loop/circuit of x2 [material] /:/ [also noose (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed curve defined by set of | (= cuptai)] /=/ clupa (cup) *points (set of | defining curve), x4 of: x1 is a curve/turn/bend in x2, at locus x3, and defined by set of |/properties x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is curved; (x4 as a set of | is sufficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of the bend)] /=/ kruvi (ruv kru) *points (set of | defining line), x2 of: x1 is a line/among lines [1-dimensional shape/form] defined by set of | x2 /:/ [ray/vector (farli'i or porli'i)] /=/ linji (lij li'i) *points (set of | defining plane), x2 of: x1 is a plane [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by | x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth] /:/ [also: x1 is even/planar/level]; (x2 is a set of | at least sufficient to define the plane) /=/ plita (pit) *points (| defining route), x4 of: x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by | including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of | at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) &points on line, x2 of linji &poison, x1 of vindu *poison, x1 is |-ous/venomous/toxic/a toxin to x2 /:/ /=/ vindu (vid) &poisonous, finds | x2 of vindu *poisonous, x1 is |/venomous/toxic/a toxin to x2 /:/ /=/ vindu (vid) &poke, x1 of tunta *poke, x1 (object, usually pointed) |-s/jabs/stabs/prods x2 (experiencer) /:/ [agentive (= tungau, tunzu'e)] /=/ tunta (tun) &poked with, x3 of tunta &poked, x2 of tunta *pokes, x1 (object, usually pointed) |/jabs/stabs/prods x2 (experiencer) /:/ [agentive (= tungau, tunzu'e)] /=/ tunta (tun) *polar opposite, x1 is | from/contrary to x2 in property/on scale x3 (property/si'o) /:/ /=/ dukti (dut) *polarity, x3 of: x1 is electricity [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of |/quantity x3 (default negative) /:/ [(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple | using the numerals for positive and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron current), charge (= klodikca, stadikca)] /=/ dikca (dic) *pole, x1 is a rod/|/staff/stick/cane [shape/form] of material x2 /:/ /=/ grana (ga'a) &police, x1 of pulji &police, enforced by | x2 of pulji *police, x1 is a | officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 /:/ [| officer, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a | force (= puljyselsoi); military | (= jempulji, bilpulji)] /=/ pulji *polish (substance used in polishing), x3 of: x1 (agent) polishes object/surface x2 with | x3, applied using tool x4 /:/ /=/ spali *polish (verb), x1 (agent) |-es object/surface x2 with polish x3, applied using tool x4 /:/ /=/ spali &polish, x1 of spali *polished (of a metallic surface), x1 is a highly reflective/| non-tarnishing metallic surface, of metal x2 [often chromium] /:/ /=/ romge (rog) *polished stone, x1 is a gem/|/pearl of type x2 from gemstone/material/source x3 /:/ [also jewel (= jmeja'i); gemstone (= x2, x3, or jmero'i, jmekunra); pearl (= selcakyjme - a gem found inside a shell, tercakyjme - a gem made of shell material, boijme - any ball-shaped gem), mother-of-pearl (= cakyjme)] /=/ jemna (jme) &polished surface, x2 of spali *polishes (applies polish), x1 (agent) | object/surface x2 with polish x3, applied using tool x4 /:/ /=/ spali &polishing material, x3 of spali &polishing tool, x4 of spali *polishing tool, x4 of: x1 (agent) polishes object/surface x2 with polish x3, applied using | x4 /:/ /=/ spali &polite, x1 of clite *polite, x1 is |/courteous/civil in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3 /:/ [also formal, ritual] /=/ clite (lit) &politeness context, x2 of clite &politeness standard, x3 of clite *political (of a polity), x1 is a polity/state governing territory/domain x2; [government/territory relationship] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is civil/|] /=/ jecta (jec je'a) *political unit (| containing city), x3 of: x1 is a town/city of metropolitan area x2, in | x3, serving hinterland/region x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is urban] /=/ tcadu (tca) *polity (managing park), x2 of: x1 is a park/land reserve managed by community/|/company x2 for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ panka *polity (represented by diplomat), x2 of: x1 is a diplomat/consul representing | x2 in/at negotiation x3 for function/purpose x4 /:/ [(for) x3 |, (use tu'a); also ambassador (= raljansu, trujansu)] /=/ jansu (jas) *polity (state governing territory), x1 is a |/state governing territory/domain x2; [government/territory relationship] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is civil/political] /=/ jecta (jec je'a) &polity territory, x2 of jecta &polity with city, x3 of tcadu &polity, x1 of jecta *pollen (gamete), x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/|/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 /:/ [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi] /=/ sovda (sov so'a) *pollen (| produced by organ), x2 of: x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/|/gamete producing/bearing organ] /=/ ganti &pollute, x2 of festi *pollution, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of smoke/smog/air | from source x2 /:/ [x2 may be a fire] /=/ danmo (dam) *polygon (regular |), x1 is a cube/regular polyhedron/| of dimensions x2 (default 3), surfaces/sides x3 (default 6) /:/ /=/ kubli (kub) *polygon, x1 is a tile/cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4 /:/ [a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city block' is conceptually a tile; | (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional block, li'irclupa - a loop composed of lines)] /=/ tapla *polyhedron (3-dimensional with planar sides), x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 /:/ [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also | (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular | (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli) /=/ bliku (bli) *polyhedron (regular |, of a form), x1 is a cube/regular |/polygon of dimensions x2 (default 3), surfaces/sides x3 (default 6) /:/ /=/ kubli (kub) *polyhedron (regular |, of an object), x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 /:/ [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also | (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular | (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli) /=/ bliku (bli) &polyhedron cube dimensionality, x2 of kubli &polyhedron, x1 of kubli *polymer, x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains plastic/| of type/component unit(s) x2 /:/ /=/ slasi (las) &Polynesian aspect, x2 of polno &Polynesian, x1 of polno *Polynesian, x1 reflects |/Oceanian (geographic region) culture/nationality/languages in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ polno (pol) &ponder, x1 of pensi &pondered, x2 of pensi *pony, x1 is a horse/equine/[colt/mare/stallion/|] of species/breed x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is equine/equestrian] /=/ xirma (xir xi'a) *pool, x1 is a lake/lagoon/| at site/within land mass x2 /:/ /=/ lalxu (la'u) *poor (bad), x1 is bad for x2 by standard x3; x1 is |/unacceptable to x2 /:/ [be careful to distinguish between a bad/unacceptable event, and a bad/unacceptable agent: x1 does poorly (= lenu ko'a gasnu cu xlali and not normally ko'a xlali)] /=/ xlali (xla) *poor (lacking), x1 is |/indigent/impoverished/lacking in goods/possessions/property x2 /:/ x2 is scanty/meager for x1 /=/ pindi (pid) &poor, x1 of pindi &poor, x2 of kecti *poorly (does |), x1 is bad for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2 /:/ [be careful to distinguish between a bad/unacceptable event, and a bad/unacceptable agent: x1 does | (= lenu ko'a gasnu cu xlali and not normally ko'a xlali)] /=/ xlali (xla) *pop (sound clue, children's or slang term for a paternal figure), x1 is a father/papa/| of x2; x1 begets/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ patfu (paf pa'u) &population for a norm, x3 of cnano &population, rarity | x3 of rirci *pork, x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[boar] [|/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2 /:/ [sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), | (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)] /=/ xarju (xaj) *porous, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sponge/| material /:/ [also metaphorically used for coral, Swiss cheese] /=/ panje *portal (penetrated |), x2 of: x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/| x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) *portal (window), x1 is a window/|/opening [|] in wall/building/structure x2 /:/ /=/ canko (ca'o) &portal, x2 of pagre @portal, see also "door" *porter, x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[|] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) *portion (edible | of plant), x1 or x2 of: x1 is the edible x2 | of plant x3; x1 is a vegetable /:/ [note that fruits and nuts are also vegetables; generally this word will be used for either the general category of edible plants, or for non-fruit vegetables (= nalrutstagi)] /=/ stagi *portion (part/component), x1 is a part/component/piece/|/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1 /:/ [partly (= selpau)] /=/ pagbu (pag pau) *portion (piece/chunk), x1 [object/substance] is a piece/|/lump/chunk/particle of x2 [substance] /:/ /=/ spisa (spi) *portion (slice), x1 is a slice [thin flat |] of x2 (mass) /:/ /=/ panlo (pa'o) &portion, x3 of fatri *portions, x3 of: x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/| x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) /:/ [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)] /=/ fatri (fai) &Portuguese aspect, x2 of porto &Portuguese, x1 of porto *Portuguese, x1 reflects | culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ porto (pot) *position (inherent |), x1 is an inherent/inalienable site/place/|/situation/spot/location of x2 (object/event) /:/ [generally used for normally stationary objects/events, to give their 'permanent' location] /=/ stuzi (tuz stu) *position (sitting |), x1 sits [assumes sitting |] on surface x2 /:/ /=/ zutse (zut tse) *position (temporary situation/condition), x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/|/are conditions/circumstances of x2 /:/ [characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary] /=/ tcini *position (| agreed with), x2 of: x1 [person] agrees with person(s)/|/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4 /:/ /=/ tugni (tug tu'i) *positive (certain), x1 is certain/sure/|/convinced that x2 is true /:/ /=/ birti (bit) *positive (more than 0), x1 exceeds/is more than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount/excess x4 /:/ [also | (= nonmau)] /=/ zmadu (zma mau) *positive (of electrical charge), x1 is electricity [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (default negative) /:/ [(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for | and negative ma'u and ni'u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), | (= mardikca); current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron current), charge (= klodikca, stadikca)] /=/ dikca (dic) &possess, x1 of ponse &possessed, x2 of ponse *possesses, x1 |/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3 /:/ (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent) /=/ ponse (pos po'e) *possession (gains |), x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains |; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied]; (cf. cpacu where volition or previous | is not necessarily implied, vimcu for alienation where x1 need not gain |) /=/ lebna (leb le'a) *possession (retained |), x2 of: x1 retains/keeps/holds x2 in its | /:/ /=/ ralte (ra'e) *possession (retains |), x1 retains/keeps/holds x2 in its | /:/ /=/ ralte (ra'e) *possession (| gained), x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] | of x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied]; (cf. cpacu where volition or previous possession is not necessarily implied, vimcu for alienation where x1 need not gain possession) /=/ lebna (leb le'a) &possession right, x3 of ponse *possessions (lacking in |), x1 is poor/indigent/impoverished/lacking in goods/|/property x2 /:/ x2 is scanty/meager for x1 /=/ pindi (pid) *possessions (| making rich), x2 of: x1 is rich/wealthy in goods/|/property/aspect x2 /:/ /=/ ricfu (rif cfu) *possessions, x2 of: x1 possesses/owns/has | x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3 /:/ (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent) /=/ ponse (pos po'e) *possessor (one who is taken/seized from), x3 of: x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (|) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is | and not merely source, alienation is implied] /=/ lebna (leb le'a) *possessor (one who owns), x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor/| of x2 under x3 /:/ (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent) /=/ ponse (pos po'e) &possibility condition, x2 of cumki *possibility, x1 (event/state/property) is possible/a | under conditions x2; x1 may/might occur; x1 is a maybe /:/ /=/ cumki (cum cu'i) *possible (might be true/happen), x1 (event/state/property) is | under conditions x2; x1 may/might occur; x1 is a maybe /:/ [also possibility] /=/ cumki (cum cu'i) &possible, x1 of cumki &possible, x2 of kakne *post (mail (verb)), x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5 /:/ [also x4 post office, mailbox] /=/ mrilu (mri) *post (trading |), x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading |, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) *post office, x4 of: x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5 /:/ [also x4 |, mailbox] /=/ mrilu (mri) &post, x1 of mrilu *posterior, x1 is |/behind/back/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)] /=/ trixe (rix ti'e) &posting, diplomat | x3 of jansu *posts, x1 mails/| [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5 /:/ [also x4 post office, mailbox] /=/ mrilu (mri) *postum, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2 /:/ [brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, |] /=/ ckafi (kaf) &pot contents, x2 of patxu &pot material, x3 of patxu &pot, x1 of patxu *pot, x1 is a |/kettle/urn/tub/sink, a deep container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ patxu (pax) *potassium, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali metal of type x2 [default sodium] /:/ [also |, lithium, cesium]; [soda] /=/ sodna &potato species, x2 of patlu &potato, x1 of patlu *potato, x1 is a | [an edible tuber] of variety/cultivar x2 /:/ (use samcu for starchy/tuberous roots that do not reproduce from eyes of tuber) /=/ patlu *potent, x1 has the power to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3 /:/ [also |, has control/mastery] /=/ vlipa (vli) *potential (seed as metaphor for |/self-development), x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 /:/ [also germ cell; implies actual | for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] /=/ tsiju (tsi) *potential (| protected against), x3 of: x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/| x3 (event) /:/ [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)] /=/ bandu (bad) *potentially harmful, x1 is perilous/dangerous/| to x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ ckape (cap) *pouch, x1 is a pocket/| of/in garment/item x2 /:/ /=/ daski &pouched, x2 of daski *pouched, x1 is a pocket/pouch of/in | garment/item x2 /:/ /=/ daski *pound (sound clue, cultural example of general class), x1 is x2 (default 1) local weight unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, subunits [e.g. ounces] x4 /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ bunda (bud) £ standard, x3 of bunda £, x1 of bunda @pound, also consider metaphors "repeat-hit" (= rapyda'i), "grind-hit" (= zalda'i) £, first subunit of | x4 of bunda *pound, x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 /:/ [also |, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value] /=/ rupnu (rup ru'u) £s, number of | x2 of bunda *pour, x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 /:/ [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); | into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)] /=/ tisna (tis) *pours (agent inserts/fills), x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits/|/inflates/stuffs/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 /:/ [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) *pours (material | into), x2 of: x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 | into x1 /:/ [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)] /=/ tisna (tis) &poverty subject, x2 of pindi *powder (made of small particles), x1 is a | of material x2 /:/ [flour (= grupu'o, xripu'o)] /=/ purmo (pum pu'o) *powder (result of grinding), x3 of: x1 [individual or mass of hard surfaces] grinds/pulverizes/crushes x2 into | x3 /:/ [may need mosra tanru] /=/ zalvi (zal) &powder, x1 of purmo &powder, x3 of zalvi &powder, ground | x3 of zalvi &powdered, x2 of purmo &powdered, x2 of zalvi *power (exponent), x3 of: x1 is the exponential result of base x2 to |/exponent x3 /:/ /=/ tenfa (tef) *power (has |), x1 has the | to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3 /:/ [also potent, has control/mastery] /=/ vlipa (vli) *power (muscles as metaphor), x1 is a/the muscle [body-part] controlling x2, of body x3; [metaphor: tools of physical |] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is muscular] /=/ sluji (slu) *power (| provided by engine/motor), x2 of: x1 is a motor/engine, driving/propelling/providing | to x2 /:/ /=/ matra &power conditions, x3 of vlipa &power of, within the | x2 of vlipa &power, x3 of tenfa &powered by fuel, x2 of livla *powerful (potent, has power to), x1 has the power to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is | in aspect x2 under x3 /:/ [also potent, has control/mastery] /=/ vlipa (vli) *powerful (strong), x1 is strong/|/[tough] in property/quality x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ tsali (tsa) &powerful, x1 of vlipa *powering (of fuel), x1 is a fuel/energy-source for | x2 /:/ /=/ livla (lil) *practice (customary |), x1 is a custom/habit/[ritual/rut] of x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also: x1 is customary/usual/the |] /=/ tcaci (cac) *practice (repeated action), x1 [action] repeats/is repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences /:/ [| (= rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)] /=/ rapli (rap) *practice (technique/mode/style), x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 /:/ [also |/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)] /=/ tadji *practices (characteristic | of an era), x2 of: x1 is an era/epoch/age characterized by x2 (event/property/interval/idea) /:/ (x2 interval should be the defining boundaries; if merely a characterizing period, the nature of the interval should be expressed in an abstract bridi, or the interval should be marked with tu'a; x2 may also be characteristic object(s) or | of the era, if marked with tu'a) /=/ cedra *practices (| of a religion), x3 of: x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/|/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) *practitioner (| of a religion), x2 of: x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a | of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) *prays, x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/| [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci *pre-Lojban forms of Loglan, x1 reflects [Loglandic]/Lojbanic language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2 /:/ [| forms of Loglan (= dzejbo)] /=/ lojbo (lob jbo) *pre-sealed, x1 is a can/tightly sealed/| container for perishable contents x2, made of x3 /:/ /=/ lante &precede, x1 of lidne &precede, x2 of trixe *precede, x1 |-s/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/|-ing/previous; x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) &preceded by, x2 of purci &preceded in, sequence | x3 of lidne &preceded, x2 of lidne *precedes (leads), x1 |/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) *precedes (of an ancestor/ancestral generation), x1 is an elder/ancestor of x2 by bond/tie/degree x3; x1's generation | x2's parents /:/ /=/ dzena (dze) *preceding, x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/|/previous; x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) *precious, x1 is dear/|/darling to x2; x1 is emotionally valued by x2 /:/ [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdirba for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dirba (dib) *precipitate (suspensible solid), x1 is dust/| [suspensible solid] from x2 in medium/on surface x3 /:/ /=/ pulce (puc pu'e) *precipitates (falls as precipitation), x1 rains/showers/[|] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to 'rain'] /:/ /=/ carvi (cav) *precipitation (rain), x1 rains/showers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is | [not limited to 'rain'] /:/ /=/ carvi (cav) *precipitation (solid |), x1 is hail/sleet/freezing rain/solid | of material/composition including x2 /:/ [this is the substance, not the act or manner of its falling, which is carvi] /=/ bratu *precise, x1 [measurement/match] is exact/| to precision x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) /:/ /=/ satci *precision (exactness of measurement/match), x2 of: x1 [measurement/match] is exact/precise to | x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) /:/ /=/ satci *precision (| of clock), x3 of: x1 is clock/watch/timer measuring time units x2 to | x3 with timing mechanism/method x4 /:/ [also timepiece] /=/ junla (jul) &precision, x2 of satci &precision, x3 of junla *precondition, x1 (abstract) is necessary/required for continuing state/process x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also factually necessary, necessity, prerequisite, condition, |] /=/ sarcu (sa'u) *predecessor, x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x1 is a leader/| x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) *predestined (of a person facing a fate/doom), x2 of: x1 is a fate/destiny of x2; [doom, curse are mabla-forms]; x2 is fated/|/doomed to x1 /:/ [fated/destined/doomed (= seldimna)] /=/ dimna (dim) *predicate (context determines place structure), 1st assignable variable | /:/ /=/ broda (rod) *predicate (context determines place structure), 2nd assignable variable | /:/ /=/ brode (bo'e) *predicate (context determines place structure), 3rd assignable variable | /:/ /=/ brodi *predicate (context determines place structure), 4th assignable variable | /:/ /=/ brodo *predicate (context determines place structure), 5th assignable variable | /:/ /=/ brodu *predicate (| of a sentence/phrase), x2 of: x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/|/focus] in language x3 /:/ /=/ jufra (juf ju'a) *predicate (| with arguments), x2 of: x1 is a/the argument of |/function x2 filling place x3 (kind/number) /:/ (x1 and x2 are text) /=/ sumti (sum su'i) &predicate arguments, x3 of bridi &predicate relation, x2 of bridi *predicate relationship, x1 (text) is a |/predication with relation x2 among arguments (sequence/set) x3 /:/ [also: x3 are related by relation x2 (= terbri for reordered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified) /=/ bridi (bri) &predicate var 1, x1 of broda &predicate var 2, x1 of brode &predicate var 3, x1 of brodi &predicate var 4, x1 of brodo &predicate var 5, x1 of brodu *predicate variable 1, 1st assignable variable predicate; (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ broda (rod) *predicate variable 2, 2nd assignable variable predicate; (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ brode (bo'e) *predicate variable 3, 3rd assignable variable predicate; (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ brodi *predicate variable 4, 4th assignable variable predicate; (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ brodo *predicate variable 5, 5th assignable variable predicate; (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ brodu &predicate with argument, x2 of sumti *predicate word (compound |), x1 (text) is a compound | with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4 /:/ /=/ lujvo (luv jvo) &predicate, x1 of bridi &predicate, compound | x1 of lujvo *predication, x1 (text) is a predicate relationship/| with relation x2 among arguments (sequence/set) x3 /:/ [also: x3 are related by relation x2 (= terbri for reordered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified) /=/ bridi (bri) *prefer, x1 chooses/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set) /:/ [also | (= nelcu'a)] /=/ cuxna (cux cu'a) *prefix, x1 is an affix/suffix/|/combining-form for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, language x4 /:/ /=/ rafsi (raf) &pregnant, x2 of tarbi *premium, x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril/loss x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) /:/ [sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), | (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)] /=/ binra @preparation, an event of preparing/becoming ready, consider metaphors "(nu)-ready-become" (= nunbrebi'o), "(nu)-ready-modify" (= nunbrega'i), "(nu)-ready-act" (= nunbrezu'e), "(nu)-ready-do" (= nunbregau) @preparation, an event of which causes something to be ready; consider metaphor "ready-cause" (= breri'a) @prepare, for preparing/becoming ready, consider metaphors "ready-become" (= brebi'o), "ready-modify" (= brega'i), "ready-act" (= brezu'e), "ready-do" (= bregau); consider "ready-cause" (= breri'a) for preparations when x1 is an event rather than an agent *prepared (ready), x1 is ready/| for x2 (event) /:/ /=/ bredi (red bre) *prepared (strongly |, regimented), x1 is military/regimented/is strongly organized/| by system x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)] /=/ bilni (bil) &prepared food, x2 of jukpa &prepared for, event | x2 of bredi *prepares (| food), x1 cooks/| food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process) /:/ [cook with heat (= glajukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)] /=/ jukpa (jup) &prerequisite, x2 of nitcu *prerequisite, x1 (abstract) is necessary/required for continuing state/process x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also factually necessary, necessity, |, condition, precondition] /=/ sarcu (sa'u) *prescribe, x1 is a rule |-ing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), |, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) &prescribed by rule, x2 of javni *prescribing (of a rule), x1 is a rule |/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) *prescription (event mandated by a rule), x2 of: x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, | (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) *prescription (rule), x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, | (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) *present (current/concurrent with), x1 is current at/in the | of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time /:/ [time relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] /=/ cabna (cab) *present (gift), x2 of: x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/| x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange] /:/ [also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdu'a, po'erseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dunda (dud du'a) *present at (attending), x1 (object/event) is at/attending/| x2 (event/location) /:/ [refers to a nonce location for an object/activity that is mobile] /=/ zvati (zva) &present bill, x4 of janta &present, x2 of dunda *preserved (book/work | in medium), x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 | in medium x5 /:/ [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) *preserved (record | in medium), x1 is a record of x2 (data/facts/du'u) about x3 (object/event) | in medium x4 /:/ /=/ vreji (rej vei) &preserved, x2 of muzga *preserving (of a museum), x1 is a museum for | [and possibly exhibiting] x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ muzga (muz) *president, x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/|/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) *press (implement making an impression), x3 of: x1 is a print/impression/image on/in surface x2 of/made by/using tool/|/implement/object x3 /:/ /=/ prina (pri) *press (put pressure on), x1 (force) puts pressure on/presses/applies force to x2 /:/ [agentive |/depress (= da'ergau, da'erzu'e)] /=/ danre (da'e) &press, printing | x3 of prina &pressed, x2 of danre *presses, x1 (force) puts pressure on/|/applies force to x2 /:/ [agentive press/depress (= da'ergau, da'erzu'e)] /=/ danre (da'e) *pressure (as a basis for pumping), x1 is a pump/injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 /:/ [x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a | gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower |, x4 a place of higher |] /=/ pambe *pressure (condition of being a gas), x3 of: x1 is gaseous/fumes/a gas/vapor of material/composition including x2, under conditions x3 /:/ [x3 includes temperature and |] /=/ gapci (gac) *pressure (condition of being a liquid), x3 of: x1 is liquid/fluid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 /:/ [conditions include temperature and |] /=/ litki (lik) *pressure (condition of being a solid), x3 of: x1 is solid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 /:/ [conditions include temperature and |] /=/ sligu (lig) *pressure (condition of boiling), x3 of: x1 boils/evaporates at temperature x2 and | x3 /:/ [roil (= febjicla)] /=/ febvi (feb) *pressure (condition of condensation), x3 of: x1 condenses/liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, | x4; x1 is dew/condensate on x2 /:/ /=/ lunsa (lus) *pressure (condition of freezing), x3 of: x1 freezes/jells/solidifies at temperature x2 and | x3 /:/ /=/ dunja (duj) *pressure (condition of melting), x3 of: x1 melts [becomes liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and | x3 /:/ [x1 runs (= rumfle)] /=/ runme (rum) *pressure (puts | on), x1 (force) puts | on/presses/applies force to x2 /:/ [agentive press/depress (= da'ergau, da'erzu'e)] /=/ danre (da'e) *pressure (relatively low | sucking), x1 sucks/is suction/vacuum/relatively low | of fluid/gas x2 relative to high | x3 /:/ [also suck object/fluid (= sakcpu or sakmuvgau)] /=/ sakci (sak) &pressure, x1 of danre &pressure, boiling point | x3 of febvi &pressure, condensation | x4 of lunsa &pressure, freezing | x3 of dunja &pressure, melting | x3 of runme *pretty (beautiful), x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4 /:/ [also handsome, |, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful] /=/ melbi (mel mle) *pretty (very/towards an extreme), x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3 /:/ [also very, |, a lot, immoderate/immoderately, intense, quite, extremely] /=/ mutce (tce) &prevent, x1 of fanta *prevent, x1 |-s/keeps/stops/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring /:/ /=/ fanta &prevented, x2 of fanta *preventing access, x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, | to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane] /=/ ganlo (ga'o) *preventing passage, x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, | to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane] /=/ ganlo (ga'o) *prevents, x1 |/keeps/stops/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring /:/ /=/ fanta &previous owner, x3 of lebna *previous, x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/|; x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) &prey, x2 of kalte *prey, x1 hunts/stalks |/quarry x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also verb to fish (= fipkalte)] /=/ kalte (kat) *price (| paid by buyer, purchase |), x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the | of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (see note at jdima on cost/|/value distinction) /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) *price (| set by vendor, offering |)), x1 [amount] is the | of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor/offeror x4 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); | is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that | is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)] /=/ jdima (di'a) &price, x1 of jdima &price, x4 of vecnu &price, pay | x3 of jdima &price, set | x4 of jdima %price, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u &priced at, x2 of jdima *prickly (irritating to touch), x1 is pungent/piquant/peppery/spicy to sense x2 /:/ [also | (= pe'urcpina)] /=/ cpina *prickly (| of a rose-like flower), x1 is a rose [flower - characterized by | stem/fragrance] of species/strain x2 /:/ [roses are not all pink; avoid using for color rose, which might be labyxu'e] /=/ rozgu (roz zgu) &pride, x1 of jgira &pride, object of | x2 of jgira *pride, x1 (person) feels/has | in/about x2 (abstraction) /:/ [an emotional combination of satisfaction and respect/esteem towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specific tie to emoter; self-| (= se'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu'a for | in non-specific actions/properties of someone] /=/ jgira (jgi) *priest, x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); |/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) &primacy property, x3 of ralju @primary (first), see Lojban "pamoi" *primary (principal), x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also |, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) &primary, moon | x2 of lunra &primary, planet | x2 of plini &primary, satellite | x2 of mluni *prime, x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, |, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) *principal (chief/main), x1 is |/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/| leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) *principal (| with deputy/assistant), x3 of: x1 is a deputy/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to | x3 /:/ [also assistant, adjutant] /=/ vipsi (vip) &principal, x1 of ralju &principal, thing having as | x2 of ralju *principally (chiefly/mainly), x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, |, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) *principle (fundamental |/basis), x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental | of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2 /:/ [x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)] /=/ jicmu (cmu) *principle (organizational | defining subordinate position), x2 of: x1 is a deputy/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organization |] x2 (ka) to principal x3 /:/ [also assistant, adjutant] /=/ vipsi (vip) *principle (organizing |), x4 of: x1 organizes x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/organized result] by system/|(s) x4 /:/ [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3] /=/ ganzu (gaz) *principle (rule), x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), |, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) *principle (| determining content of periodical), x2 of: x1 is a journal/periodical/magazine/[newspaper] with content x2 published by x3 for audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a subject, but not all journals have a single subject; all have some sort of | defining what is included, so this need not be a list] /=/ karni *principle (| underlying bomb), x2 of: x1 is a bomb/explosive device with explosive material/| x2 /:/ /=/ jbama (bam) *principle (| used for braking), x3 of: x1 (agent) brakes/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/| x3 /:/ /=/ jabre &principle, organizing | x4 of ganzu @principle, see also "rule" *principles (defining | of a universe), x3 of: x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 /:/ [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining | which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) *principles (ethical/moral |), x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (individual/mass) about situation x3 /:/ [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also |; also conscience (= sezmarde)] /=/ marde (mad) &print, x1 of prina *print, x1 is a |/impression/image on/in surface x2 of/made by/using tool/press/implement/object x3 /:/ /=/ prina (pri) &printing press, x3 of prina &printing surface, x2 of prina &printing tool, x3 of prina &prisoner, x1 of pinfu *prisoner, x1 is a |/captive of x2, restrained/held/confined by means/force x3 /:/ /=/ pinfu (pif) &private, x1 of sivni &private, keep | x2 of sivni *private, x1 is |/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden /:/ [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)] /=/ sivni (siv) *privilege (| ensuing to ticketholder), x1 is a ticket entitling x2 to entitlement/| x3 (event/state) under conditions x4 /:/ /=/ pikta *privilege (| granted/permitted), x3 of: x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants | x2 /:/ [sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits a situation (= tcinycru)] /=/ curmi (cru) *privy, x1 is private/personal/|/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden /:/ [also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/| to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)] /=/ sivni (siv) *prize (| competed for), x4 of: x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 |, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) *prize (| won), x2 of: x1 (person/team) wins/gains | x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4 /:/ [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; /=/ jinga (jig ji'a) &prize, x2 of jinga &prize, x4 of jivna *pro, x1 is an expert/|/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3 /:/ [also competent, skilled] /=/ certu (cre) &probability distribution, x3 of cunso *probability distribution, x3 of: x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with | distribution x3 /:/ [also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")] /=/ cunso (cun cu'o) &probable, x1 of lakne *probable, x1 (event/state/property) is |/likely under conditions x2 /:/ /=/ lakne (la'e) *problem (obstacle/hindrance), x1 (event/state) is a | to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3 /:/ [also: x1 requires consideration by x2] /=/ nabmi (nam) *problem (result of disturbance), x3 of: x1 (event) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing |(s) x3 /:/ [also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)] /=/ raktu (ra'u) *problem (| with answer/solution), x2 of: x1 is the answer/response/solution/[reply] to question/| x2 /:/ /=/ danfu (daf) &problem conditions, x3 of nabmi &problem, x1 of nabmi &problem, thing having | x2 of nabmi &process result, x3 of pruce &process stage, x4 of pruce &process using pen, x3 of penbi &process, x1 of pruce &process, industrial | x3 of gundi &process, input to | x2 of pruce &process, mill | x2 of molki *process, x1 is a | with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, passing through steps/stages x4 /:/ [x2 resource (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)] /=/ pruce (ruc ru'e) &procreate, x1 of rorci *procreate, x1 engenders/|-s/begets x2 with coparent x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) *procreates, x1 engenders/|/begets x2 with coparent x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) *procures, x1 gets/|/acquires/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied] /:/ [also fetch; accept a gift (= du'acpa)] /=/ cpacu (cpa) *prod, x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, | (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) &prodded, x2 of tunta *prods, x1 (object, usually pointed) pokes/jabs/stabs/| x2 (experiencer) /:/ [agentive (= tungau, tunzu'e)] /=/ tunta (tun) &produce music, x2 of zgike &produce, farm | x4 of cange *produce, x1 |-s x2 [product] by process x3 /:/ /=/ cupra (pra) *produced (of music), x1 is music performed/| by x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) *produced (of something built), x2 of: x1 makes/|/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3; x2 is assembled/built/made/created/manufactured/| out of x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) *produced (of sound), x1 is sound |/emitted by x2 /:/ [x2 sounds (intransitive verb)] /=/ sance (sna) *produced by (of silk), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of silk | x2 /:/ /=/ silka (sik) &produced, x2 of cupra *producer (| of music: event), x1 is music performed/produced by | x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) *producer (| of silk), x2 of: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of silk produced by | x2 /:/ /=/ silka (sik) *producer (| of sound), x2 of: x1 is sound produced/emitted by | x2 /:/ [x2 sounds (intransitive verb)] /=/ sance (sna) *produces (builds), x1 makes/|/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) &produces, x1 of cupra *produces, x1 | x2 [product] by process x3 /:/ /=/ cupra (pra) *producing (of a bell), x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] | sound/note x2 /:/ [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)] /=/ janbe (jab) *producing (of a factory), x1 is a factory/foundry/industrial plant/mill | x2 from materials x3 /:/ /=/ fanri *producing (of a farm/ranch), x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/| x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian /:/ [also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops] /=/ cange (cag) *producing (of gonads), x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete |/bearing organ] /=/ ganti *producing (of industry), x1 is industry/industrial/systematic manufacturing activity | x2 by process/means x3 /:/ /=/ gundi (gud) *producing (of magnetic source), x1 is magnetic [adjective] | magnetic field x2 /:/ /=/ maksi (mak) *producing (of seeds/spores), x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for | offspring x3 /:/ [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] /=/ tsiju (tsi) *product (result of building), x2 of: x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates | x2 out of materials/parts/components x3; x2 is assembled/built/made/created/manufactured out of x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) *product (result of multiplication), x1 is the |/total/result of factors/multiplicands (x2 and x3) x2 multiplied by x3 /:/ /=/ pilji (pi'i) *product (result of producing by process), x2 of: x1 produces x2 [|] by process x3 /:/ /=/ cupra (pra) *product (waste |), x1(s) is/are waste |(s) [left to waste] by x2 (event/activity) /:/ [also shit, crap; agentive wasting (= fesygau, fesyzu'e)] /=/ festi (fes) *product (| harvested), x2 of: x1 (agent) harvests/reaps/gathers crop/|/objects x2 from source/area x3 /:/ /=/ crepu (rep) *product (| of a factory), x2 of: x1 is a factory/foundry/industrial plant/mill producing | x2 from materials x3 /:/ /=/ fanri &product, x1 of pilji &product, x2 of cupra &product, x2 of zbasu &product, factory | x2 of fanri &product, fertility | x2 of ferti &product, industry | x2 of gundi &production, x3 of cupra *productively (of tool usage), x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 /:/ [also utilize; x2 is useful/used | by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, le'irplicu'a)] /=/ pilno (pli) *professional, x1 is an expert/|/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3 /:/ [also competent, skilled] /=/ certu (cre) *professor, x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) /:/ [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, |, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] /=/ ctuca (ctu) *proffers, x1 offers/| x2 [offering] to x3 with conditions x4 /:/ [(x4 may be nu canja, nu pleji, etc.; an unconditional offering has the 'condition' of acceptance); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erfriti, po'erselfriti for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ friti (fit) *profit (expected |/return on investment), x4 of: x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/| x4 (object(s)/event) /:/ [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)] /=/ zivle (ziv vle) *profit (gain/advantage), x1 is a |/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 /:/ [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ prali (pal) &profit, x1 of prali &profit, x4 of zivle &profitable, x3 of prali *profits (making a profit), x2 of: x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3 /:/ [also (fe) x2 | from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ prali (pal) &profits, x2 of prali *program (TV |), x2 of: x1 [broadcaster] televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 /:/ [x2 programming (mass), |/show (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) &program, radio | x2 of cradi &program, television | x2 of tivni *programming (television |), x1 [broadcaster] televises | x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 /:/ [x2 | (mass), program/show (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) *prohibiting passage (of a net), x1 is a net/filter allowing passage of x2, | of x3, netting properties x4 /:/ [also sieve] /=/ julne (ju'e) *projectile (ballistic |), x1 is a ballistic | [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) *projectile (something launched/shot), x1 launches/fires/shoots |/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] /:/ [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) *projectile (something thrown/hurled), x1 throws/launches/casts/hurls |/missile x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally to x1) /:/ , danti) /=/ renro (rer re'o) &projectile launcher, x2 of danti &projectile, x1 of danti &projectile, x2 of cecla &projectile, x2 of renro *projecting (of a brow), x1 is a/the brow/forehead [| flat/smooth head/body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ mebri (meb) *projecting (of a mountain), x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] | from land/mass x2 /:/ /=/ cmana (ma'a) *projecting (of a penis/clitoris), x1 is a/the clitoris/penis [| reproductive organ; body-part] of x2 /:/ [normally context eliminates need for specificity; otherwise: penis (= nakpinji), clitoris (= fetpinji)] /=/ pinji *projection (| providing liquid; teat/breast as metaphor), x1 is a/the breast/mammary/teat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: | providing liquid] /:/ [nipple (= tatyji'o)] /=/ tatru (tat) *prolific, x1 is fertile/conducive for supporting the growth/development of x2; x1 is fruitful/| /:/ [also fecund (note that the Lojban covers both potential and actual/realized fertility)] /=/ ferti (fre) &promise, x1 of nupre *promise, x1 (agent) |-s/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim] /:/ /=/ nupre (nup nu'e) &promised, x2 of nupre &promisee, x3 of nupre *promises, x1 (agent) |/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim] /:/ /=/ nupre (nup nu'e) *prongs (| of a fork), x3 of: x1 is a fork/fork-type tool/utensil for purpose x2 with tines/| x3 on base/support x4 /:/ /=/ forca (fro) *proof, x1 (process/event) is a test for/| of property/state x2 in subject x3 (individuals/set/mass) /:/ [also examination, proxy measure, validation; (a set in x3 must be completely specified)] /=/ cipra (cip) &propel a boat, x3 of bloti &propel car, x3 of karce &propel hammer, x4 of mruli &propellant of sailing craft, x2 of falnu &propellant, x3 of cecla &propellant, pump | x5 of pambe *propellant, x3 of: x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [|/propulsion] /:/ [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) *propelled (aircraft | by), x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, | by x3 /:/ /=/ vinji (vij) *propelled (boat | by), x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, | by x3 /:/ /=/ bloti (lot blo lo'i) *propelled (hammer | by), x1 [tool] is a hammer for/hammers x2 [target] consisting of weight/head x3 | by x4 /:/ /=/ mruli (mru) *propelled (launch/fire | by), x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, | by x3 [propellant/propulsion] /:/ [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) *propelled (leap | by), x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 | by x5 /:/ [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression] /=/ plipe (pip pi'e) *propelled (plow | by), x1 (agent) plows/furrows/tills [cuts into and turns up] x2 with tool x3 | by x4 /:/ /=/ plixa (lix) *propelled (rocket | by jet), x1 is a rocket [vehicle] | by jet expelling x2 carrying payload x3 /:/ /=/ jakne *propelled (self-|), x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-| (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) *propelled (train | by), x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, | by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) *propelled (vehicle | by), x1 is a vehicle/mode of transport carrying x2 in/on surface/medium x3, | by x4 /:/ /=/ marce (ma'e) *propelled (wheeled motor vehicle | by), x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, | by x3 /:/ /=/ karce *propelled (wheeled vehicle | by), x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying x2, | by x3 /:/ /=/ carce &propeller of boat, x3 of bloti *propelling (motor |), x1 is a motor/engine, driving/|/providing power to x2 /:/ /=/ matra *propelling launcher (| for ballistic projectile), x2 of: x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/| launcher] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) *propelling material (| gathered by sail), x1 is a sail for gathering | x2 on vehicle/motor x3 /:/ [waterwheel (= jacfanxi'u)] /=/ falnu (fan) &propelling method, plane | x3 of vinji *proper, x1 is correct/|/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ drani (dra) &properties, star | x2 of tarci &properties, system | x4 of ciste &properties, wheel | x3 of xislu &property abstract, x1 of ka broda &property compared, x4 of karbi &property decreased, x2 of jdika &property exemplified, x2 of mupli &property sought, x2 of sisku &property tested [for], x2 of cipra &property, x2 of ckaji &property, adjacency | x3 of lamji &property, alienness | x2 of fange &property, amusing | x3 of zdile &property, apparent | x2 of simlu &property, attracting | x3 of trina &property, beauty | x3 of melbi &property, betweenness | x3 of jbini &property, beyondness | x4 of bancu &property, chain | x3 of linsi &property, challenge | x3 of talsa &property, chaotic | x2 of kalsa &property, completion | x2 of mulno &property, complexity | x2 of pluja &property, confusing | x3 of cfipu &property, constant | x2 of stodi &property, delicacy | x2 of ralci &property, density | x2 of denmi &property, difference | x3 of frica &property, dimness | x2 of kandi &property, distance | x3 of darno &property, equality | x3 of dunli &property, exactness | x3 of satci &property, funniness | x3 of xajmi &property, greatness | x2 of banli &property, group | x2 of girzu &property, harmony | x3 of sarxe &property, increase | x2 of zenba &property, infinite | x2 of cimni &property, injury | x3 of xrani &property, intense | x2 of carmi &property, irony | x3 of ranxi &property, key | x3 of ckiku &property, lessness | x3 of mleca &property, limitation | x3 of jimte &property, matched | x3 of mapti &property, mildness | x2 of milxe &property, moreness | x3 of zmadu &property, muchness | x2 of mutce &property, nearness | x3 of jibni &property, net | x4 of julne &property, newness | x3 of cnino &property, orderliness | x2 of cnici &property, parallelism | x3 of panra &property, perfection | x2 of prane &property, permanence | x2 of vitno &property, planetary | x3 of plini &property, primacy | x3 of ralju &property, purity | x2 of curve &property, rarity | x2 of rirci &property, satellite | x3 of mluni &property, set with common | x2 of kampu &property, similarity | x3 of simsa &property, simplicity | x2 of sampu &property, stellar | x2 of tarci &property, strangeness | x3 of cizra &property, strength | x2 of tsali &property, superlative | x2 of traji &property, transience | x2 of zasni &property, uniform | x2 of manfo &property, varied | x2 of vrici &property, varying | x2 of cenba &property, virus | x2 of vidru &property, weakness | x2 of ruble %property, x1 is flight/the |/quality of x2 flying [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ kamvofli *proportion, x1 (me'o, fraction) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3] /:/ [also x1 fraction/|/quotient; x2 dividend/numerator; x3 divisor/denominator] /=/ parbi (pab) &proposal, x2 of stidi *proposes, x1 (agent) suggests/| idea/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in/among x3 /:/ [event which inspires/suggests/is suggestive (= faurti'i, sidyfau)] /=/ stidi (sid ti'i) *proprietor (owner), x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/| of x2 under x3 /:/ (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent) /=/ ponse (pos po'e) *proprietors (| of a market who operate it), x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/| and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) *propulsion (| for flying), x2 of: x1 flies [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/| means x2 /:/ /=/ vofli (vol voi) *propulsion (| for launching/firing), x3 of: x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/|] /:/ [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that | need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) &propulsion for cart, x3 of carce &propulsion for leap, x5 of plipe &propulsion means, x4 of marce %propulsion means, x1 is a flight/an event of x2 flying [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/| x3 /:/ /=/ nunvofli %propulsion means, x1 is flight/the property/quality of x2 flying [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/| x3 /:/ /=/ kamvofli &propulsion, launch | x3 of cecla @propulsion, see also "propelled" &propulsion, vehicle | x4 of marce &prose subject, x2 of prosa &prose, x1 of prosa &prose, read | x4 of prosa &prose, write | x3 of prosa *prose, x1 is | about plot/theme/subject x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [non-poetic written text, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ prosa (ros ro'a) *prospect (scene/view), x1 is the view/scene/panorama/sight/| of x2 (object/location) from point-of-view x3 /:/ [also x1 is on display to x2/x3] /=/ jvinu (vin ji'u) &protected thing, x2 of bandu *protecting (of a shelter), x1 is a shelter/haven/refuge/retreat/harbor for/| x2 from danger/threat x3 /:/ /=/ marbi (mra) *protecting (of a shoe), x1 is a shoe/boot/sandal for covering/| [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3 /:/ [also boot (= tupcutci)] /=/ cutci (cuc) *protecting (of a vaccine), x1 is a vaccine/immune-system stimulant | x2 against disease x3 introduced by method x4 /:/ [also serum; inoculation (= jestu'u veljinku)] /=/ jinku *protective (of a shell), x1 is a shell/husk [hard, | covering] around x2 composed of x3 /:/ /=/ calku (cak) *protective (womb as metaphor for |), x1 is a/the womb/uterus [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: nourishing, |, giving birth] /:/ /=/ gutra *protective cover, x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event) /:/ [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; |/shield (= badgai)] /=/ bandu (bad) *protects, x1 (event) defends/| x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event) /:/ [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)] /=/ bandu (bad) *protege (| of a mentor), x2 of: x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/| x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) &protein type, x2 of lanbi &protein, x1 of lanbi *protein, x1 is a quantity of |/albumin of type x2 composed of amino acids (sequence/jo'u) /:/ /=/ lanbi &protest activity, x4 of pante &protest, x1 of pante &protest, x4 of pante &protest, object of | x2 of pante &protest, receive | x3 of pante *protest, x1 |-s/objects to/complains about x2 (event/state) to audience x3 with action x4 /:/ (x4 is an event or tu'a quotation) /=/ pante (pat) &protestation, x4 of pante &protested to, x3 of pante *protests, x1 |/objects to/complains about x2 (event/state) to audience x3 with action x4 /:/ (x4 is an event or tu'a quotation) /=/ pante (pat) *protozoan, x1 is a bacteria/germ/microbe/|/amoeba [1-celled life] of species/defining property x2 /:/ /=/ jurme (jum) *protrusion (nose as metaphor), x1 is the nose [body-part] of x2 with nostril(s)/nasal passage(s) x3; [metaphor: |] /:/ [also (adjective:) nasal] /=/ nazbi (naz zbi) *protrusion (swelling/convexity), x1 is a swelling/|/convexity [shape/form] at/in/on x2, of material x3 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is swollen] /=/ punli (pul) &provide, x1 of sabji *provide, x1 [source] |-s/supplies/furnishes x2 [supply/commodity] to x3 [recipient] /:/ [agentive supply (= sabgau, sabzu'e)] /=/ sabji (sab) &provided with, x3 of sabji &provided, x2 of sabji &provider, x1 of sabji *provides (supplies), x1 [source] |/supplies/furnishes x2 [supply/commodity] to x3 [recipient] /:/ [agentive supply (= sabgau, sabzu'e)] /=/ sabji (sab) *provides for (takes care of), x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/| for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) /:/ [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2] /=/ kurji (kuj ku'i) *provides nutrition, x1 is food/feed/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/| to x2 /:/ /=/ cidja (dja) *providing (insure | benefits), x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril/loss x3 (event) | benefit(s) x4 (event) /:/ [sell/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)] /=/ binra *providing (motor | power), x1 is a motor/engine, driving/propelling/| power to x2 /:/ /=/ matra *providing (teat as metaphor: projection | liquid), x1 is a/the breast/mammary/teat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: projection | liquid] /:/ [nipple (= tatyji'o)] /=/ tatru (tat) &provisions, x2 of sabji *prowess (has |), x1 is an expert/pro/has | in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3 /:/ [also competent, skilled] /=/ certu (cre) *proxy (agent), x1 represents/is an agent/|/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 /:/ [also: on behalf of] /=/ krati (ka'i) *proxy measure, x1 (process/event) is a test for/proof of property/state x2 in subject x3 (individuals/set/mass) /:/ [also examination, |, validation; (a set in x3 must be completely specified)] /=/ cipra (cip) *psyche, x1 is a mind/intellect/|/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so'i menli)] /=/ menli (men) *psychological, x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is mental/|/a mental phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so'i menli)] /=/ menli (men) *pub, x1 is a tavern/bar/| serving x2 to audience/patrons x3 /:/ /=/ barja &pubes, thing having | x2 of plibu *pubic area, x1 is a/the | /external genitalia [body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ plibu (pib) &pubic, x1 of plibu &public, x1 of gubni *public, x1 is |/un-hidden/open/jointly available to/owned by all among community x2 (mass) /:/ /=/ gubni (gub) *published (of a periodical), x1 is a journal/periodical/magazine/[newspaper] with content x2 | by x3 for audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a subject, but not all journals have a single subject; all have some sort of principle defining what is included, so this need not be a list] /=/ karni &published among, x2 of gubni &publisher of a journal, x3 of karni &pull plow, x4 of plixa &pull, x1 of lacpu *pull, x1 |-s/tugs/draws/drags x2 by handle/at locus x3 /:/ [gravity (= ka maicpu, mairckupai)] /=/ lacpu (lap cpu) &pulled, x2 of lacpu &pulley axle, x3 of pulni &pulley function, x2 of pulni &pulley, x1 of pulni *pulley, x1 is a | [tool] for performing action/function x2 rotating on axle x3 /:/ /=/ pulni &pulling locus, x3 of lacpu *pullover, x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/|] [extra outer garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ kosta (kos) *pulls, x1 |/tugs/draws/drags x2 by handle/at locus x3 /:/ [gravity (= ka maicpu, mairckupai)] /=/ lacpu (lap cpu) *pulmonary, x1 is a/the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory apparatus/bellows] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ fepri *pulp (paste), x1 is paste/|/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ pesxu (pex) *pulp (result of mashing), x1 [force] mashes/crushes/squashes/smashes x2 into |/mash/crumbs/deformed mass x3 /:/ /=/ marxa (max) &pulp, x3 of marxa *pulverize, x1 [individual or mass of hard surfaces] grinds/|-s/crushes x2 into powder x3 /:/ [may need mosra tanru] /=/ zalvi (zal) *pulverized (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 is dust/precipitate [suspensible solid] from x2 in medium/on surface x3 /:/ /=/ pulce (puc pu'e) &pulverized, x2 of zalvi *pulverizes, x1 [individual or mass of hard surfaces] grinds/|/crushes x2 into powder x3 /:/ [may need mosra tanru] /=/ zalvi (zal) &pump propellant, x5 of pambe &pump, x1 of pambe *pump, x1 is a |/injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 /:/ [x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a | generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure] /=/ pambe &pumped from, x4 of pambe &pumped into, x3 of pambe &pumped, x2 of pambe &pumping means, x5 of pambe *pumping, x1 is a pump/injector [tool/apparatus] |/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5 /:/ [x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure] /=/ pambe &punctuate, x1 of pandi *punctuate, x1 (agent) |-s x2 (expression) with symbol/word x3 with syntactic/semantic effect x4 /:/ /=/ pandi (pad) &punctuated, x2 of pandi *punctuates, x1 (agent) | x2 (expression) with symbol/word x3 with syntactic/semantic effect x4 /:/ /=/ pandi (pad) &punctuation effect, x4 of pandi &punctuation, x3 of pandi &pungent, x1 of cpina &pungent, find | x2 of cpina *pungent, x1 is |/piquant/peppery/spicy to sense x2 /:/ [also prickly (= pe'urcpina)] /=/ cpina &punish, x1 of sfasa *punish, x1 (agent) |-es x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with |-ment x4 (event/state) /:/ [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty] /=/ sfasa (sfa) *punishable (of a crime), x1 (event/state) is a | crime/[taboo/sin] to people/culture/judges/jury x2 /:/ [taboo (= kluzei, cacyzei); sin (= madzei, jdamadzei); heresy (= jdazei)] /=/ zekri (zer zei) &punishable offense, x3 of sfasa &punished for, x3 of sfasa &punished, x2 of sfasa *punishes, x1 (agent) | x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state) /:/ [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty] /=/ sfasa (sfa) *punishment (earned/deserved |), x2 of: x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity) /:/ [also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), |/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna *punishment (effect of punishing), x4 of: x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with | x4 (event/state) /:/ [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty] /=/ sfasa (sfa) *punishment (negative experience), x2 of: x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 /:/ [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 and x2 are empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or | (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)] /=/ lifri (lif fri) *punishment (negative reward), x4 of: x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4 /:/ [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), |, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, po'ervelne'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cnemu (nem ne'u) &punishment, x4 of sfasa &puppet, x2 of jitro *purchase insurance, x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril/loss x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) /:/ [sell insurance/| (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)] /=/ binra *purchaser (potential | at a price), x3 of: x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to |/consumer x3 set by vendor/offeror x4 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)] /=/ jdima (di'a) &purchaser, x3 of jdima *purchaser, x3 of: x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to |/buyer x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) *purchases, x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 |/buys x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) *pure (clean), x1 (object) is clean/| of material/contaminant/dirt x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ jinsa (jis) *pure (simple), x1 is |/unadulterated/unmitigated/simple in property x2 (ka) /:/ [x1 is simply/purely/unmitigatedly/solely x2] /=/ curve (cuv) &pure, x1 of curve @pure, see also "uniform" *puree, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of cream/emulsion/| [consistency] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]] /=/ kruji (ruj) *purely, x1 is pure/unadulterated/unmitigated/simple in property x2 (ka) /:/ [x1 is simply/|/unmitigatedly/solely x2] /=/ curve (cuv) *purity (chemical |), x3 of: x1 is an instance of substance/chemical/drug x2 (individual or mass) with | x3 /:/ /=/ xukmi (xum xu'i) &purity property, x2 of curve &purity, chemical | x3 of xukmi &purple, x1 of zirpu *purple, x1 is |/violet [color adjective] /:/ /=/ zirpu (zir zi'u) %purplish, x1 is fuchsin/a dye of magenta/fuchsia/|-red color /:/ /=/ nukselcinta *purplish-red, x1 is magenta/fuchsia/| [color adjective] /:/ /=/ nukni (nuk) *purports to know, x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] /:/ [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/| to know that x2] /=/ xusra (xus xu'a) &purpose desired for, x3 of djica &purpose needed for, x3 of nitcu &purpose sufficed, x2 of banzu &purpose, brush | x2 of burcu &purpose, building | x2 of dinju &purpose, button | x3 of batke &purpose, committee | x2 of kamni &purpose, company | x3 of kagni &purpose, computer | x2 of skami &purpose, crew | x4 of bende &purpose, fork | x2 of forca &purpose, furniture | x3 of nilce &purpose, garment | x3 of taxfu &purpose, hunt | x3 of kalte &purpose, invention | x3 of finti &purpose, military | x3 of bilni &purpose, park | x3 of panka &purpose, rite | x2 of ritli &purpose, shelf | x3 of kajna &purpose, use | x3 of pilno *pursue, x1 chases/|-s/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2 /:/ [x1 follows after x2] /=/ jersi (je'i) &pursued, x2 of jersi *pursues, x1 chases/|/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2 /:/ [x1 follows after x2] /=/ jersi (je'i) &pushed, x2 of catke *pushes, x1 [agent] shoves/| x2 at locus x3 /:/ [move by pushing/shoving (= ca'ermuvgau)] /=/ catke (ca'e) *pushing (move by |), x1 [agent] shoves/pushes x2 at locus x3 /:/ [move by |/shoving (= ca'ermuvgau)] /=/ catke (ca'e) *puss, x1 is a cat/[|/pussy/kitten] [feline animal] of species/breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is feline /:/ /=/ mlatu (lat) *pussy, x1 is a cat/[puss/|/kitten] [feline animal] of species/breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is feline /:/ /=/ mlatu (lat) &put, x1 of punji &put, is | x2 of punji *put, x1 (agent) |-s/places/sets x2 on/at surface/locus x3 /:/ /=/ punji (puj pu'i) *puts (| in), x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/|/deposits/pours/inflates/stuffs/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 /:/ [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) *puts (| on), x1 (agent) |/places/sets x2 on/at surface/locus x3 /:/ /=/ punji (puj pu'i) *puts (| pressure on), x1 (force) | pressure on/presses/applies force to x2 /:/ [agentive press/depress (= da'ergau, da'erzu'e)] /=/ danre (da'e) *quakes, x1 shakes/|/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion] /=/ desku (des) *quality (equal in |), x1 is equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [same in quantity/| (not necessarily in identity); 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)] /=/ dunli (dun du'i) *quality (innate/inherent |), x1 (property - ka) is an innate/inherent/intrinsic/natural property/|/aspect of x2 /:/ /=/ jinzi (jiz) *quality (mature in |), x1 is mature/ripe/fully-grown/adult in development-| x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ makcu (ma'u) *quality (strong/powerful in |), x1 is strong/powerful/[tough] in property/| x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ tsali (tsa) *quality (weak/feeble in |), x1 is weak/feeble/frail in property/|/aspect x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ ruble (rub ble) *quality (| borrowed/assumed), x2 of: x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 /:/ [credit (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or | as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)] /=/ jbera (jer) *quality (| causing attraction), x3 of: x1 attracts/appeals to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/| x3 (ka) /:/ [also: x1 is alluring to x2] /=/ trina (tri) *quality (| characterizing), x2 of: x1 has/is characterized by property/feature/trait/aspect/dimension x2 (ka); x2 is manifest in x1 /:/ [manifested/property/|/trait/feature/aspect (= selkai)] /=/ ckaji (kai) *quality (| enabling event to interfere/hinder), x1 (event/state) interferes with/hinders/disrupts x2 (event/state/process) due to | x3 (ka) /:/ [also blocks, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation] /=/ zunti (zun zu'i) *quality (| enabling event to interrupt), x3 of: x1 (event) interrupts/stops/halts/[disrupts]/disturbs x2 (object/event/process) due to | x3 /:/ /=/ dicra (dir) &quality, x2 of ckaji &quality, interfering | x3 of zunti @quality, see also "property", "aspect" %quality, x1 is flight/the property/| of x2 flying [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x3 /:/ /=/ kamvofli *quantified, x1 is a quantity |/measured/enumerated by x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si'o) /:/ [also count] /=/ klani (lai) *quantifier (expression representing a number/value), x1 [|/expression] is a mathematical expression interpreted under rules/convention x2 /:/ /=/ mekso (mek me'o) *quantifier (number/value), x1 (li) is a number/|/digit/value/figure [noun]; refers to the value and not the symbol /:/ /=/ namcu (nac na'u) &quantifier, x2 of klani &quantity in 100's, x2 of xecto &quantity in 1E-12's, x2 of picti &quantity in 1E-18's, x2 of xatsi &quantity in 1E-21's, x2 of zepti &quantity in 1E-6's, x2 of mikri &quantity in 1E-9's, x2 of nanvi &quantity in 1E12's, x2 of terto &quantity in 1E15's, x2 of petso &quantity in 1E18's, x2 of xexso &quantity in 1E21's, x2 of zetro &quantity in 1E6's, x2 of megdo &quantity in moles, x2 of molro &quantity in radians, x2 of radno &quantity in seconds, x2 of snidu &quantity in steradians, x2 of stero &quantity, x1 of klani &quantity, scale of | x3 of klani *quantity, x1 is a | quantified/measured/enumerated by x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si'o) /:/ [also count] /=/ klani (lai) &quantized, x2 of kantu &quantum, x1 of kantu *quantum, x1 is a |/ray/elementary particle/smallest measurable increment of property/activity x2 /:/ [| ray (= bonka'u)] /=/ kantu (ka'u) &quarry, x2 of kalte *quarry, x1 hunts/stalks prey/| x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also verb to fish (= fipkalte)] /=/ kalte (kat) *quart, x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [gallon (= likydekpu), | (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ dekpu *Quechua (sound clue, name of the language of most well-known native South American culture), x1 reflects South American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ ketco (ket tco) *queen, x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/|/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *queer, x1 is strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [also alien, mysterious, deviant, |, unusual, exotic] /=/ cizra (ciz) *query, x1 (quoted text) is a question/| about subject x2 by questioner x3 to audience x4 /:/ /=/ preti (ret rei) *question (answered/solved |), x2 of: x1 is the answer/response/solution/[reply] to |/problem x2 /:/ /=/ danfu (daf) *question (query), x1 (quoted text) is a |/query about subject x2 by questioner x3 to audience x4 /:/ /=/ preti (ret rei) &question answered, x2 of danfu *question of (is germane to), x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a | of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2] /=/ srana (ra'a) &question subject, x2 of preti &question, x1 of preti @question, see also "request" *questionable, x2 of: x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du'u) is true /:/ [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/| (= selsenpi for reordered places)] /=/ senpi (sen) &questioned, x4 of preti &questioned, x4 of preti &questioner, x3 of preti *questioner, x3 of: x1 (quoted text) is a question/query about subject x2 by | x3 to audience x4 /:/ /=/ preti (ret rei) *questions (doubts), x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/skeptical/| that x2 (du'u) is true /:/ [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)] /=/ senpi (sen) *quick, x1 is fast/swift/|/hastes/rapid at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ sutra (sut) &quickly done, x2 of sutra *quicksilver, x1 is a quantity of/contains/made of mercury/|; [metaphor: fluid metal; temperature] /:/ /=/ margu (mag) &quiet, x1 of smaji &quiet, find | x2 of smaji *quiet, x1 (source) is |/silent/[still] at observation point x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ smaji (sma) &quietness standard, x3 of smaji *quite, x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3 /:/ [also very, pretty, a lot, immoderate/immoderately, intense, |, extremely] /=/ mutce (tce) *quivers, x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/|/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion] /=/ desku (des) &qunatified individuals, mass of | x1 of # mei "e, x1 of sitna "ed, x2 of sitna *quotes, x1 cites/|/refers to/makes reference to source x2 for information/statement x3 (du'u) /:/ /=/ sitna (sit) *quotient (ratio), x1 (me'o, fraction) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3] /:/ [also x1 fraction/proportion/|; x2 dividend/numerator; x3 divisor/denominator] /=/ parbi (pab) *quotient (result of dividing), x1 is a | of 'x2/x3' [dividend x2 divided by divisor x3], leaving remainder x4 /:/ /=/ dilcu "ient, x1 of dilcu *Quranic, x1 pertains to the Islamic/Moslem/Koranic [|] culture/religion/nation in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ muslo (mus) &rabbit species, x2 of ractu &rabbit, x1 of ractu *rabbit, x1 is a |/hare/[doe] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ ractu *race (competition), x3 of: x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, |; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) *race (intelligent inhabitants from planet surrounding sun) x3 of:, x1 is the sun of home planet x2 (default Earth) of | x3 /:/ ['home planet' refers to a planet which is "home" to a race, but not necessarily the original "home" of a species if that species inhabits many worlds] /=/ solri (sol) *race (intelligent inhabitants of a home planet), x2 of: x1 is the Earth/the home planet of | x2; (adjective:) x1 is terrestrial/earthbound /:/ /=/ terdi (ted) &radian standard, x3 of radno &radian, x1 of radno *radian, x1 is x2 |(s) [metric unit] in angular measure (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ [measured in degrees (julra'o); right ascension [astronomical measurement] (= cacryra'o)] /=/ radno (ra'o) &radians, quantity in | x2 of radno &radiate, x1 of dirce *radiate, x1 |-s/emits x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ dirce (di'e) &radiated, x2 of dirce *radiates, x1 |/emits x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ dirce (di'e) *radiation (reflected), x2 of: x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/|] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) &radiation conditions, x3 of dirce &radiation, x2 of dirce *radio (broadcast via |), x1 broadcasts/transmits [using | waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [|] receiver x4 /:/ /=/ cradi *radio (| receiver), x4 of: x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to | x4 /:/ /=/ cradi &radio broadcast, x2 of cradi *radio broadcast, x2 of: x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] | x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4 /:/ /=/ cradi &radio broadcaster x1 of cradi &radio frequency, x3 of cradi &radio program, x2 of cradi &radio receiver, x4 of cradi &radio station, x3 of cradi &radio transmission, x2 of cradi &radio, x4 of cradi *radon, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of inert gas of type x2 [neon/argon/|/xenon] /:/ [default neon] /=/ navni &rail material, x3 of garna &rail, x1 of garna &rail, thing having | x2 of garna *rail, x1 is a |/railing/bar [tool] supporting/restraining x2, of material x3 /:/ /=/ garna (gar) *railed vehicle, x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a | or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) *railing, x1 is a rail/|/bar [tool] supporting/restraining x2, of material x3 /:/ /=/ garna (gar) *railroad (system operating trains), x3 of: x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/| x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) &railroad, x3 of trene *rails, x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for |/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) &rain, x1 of carvi @rain, see also "fall" &rain, source of | x3 of carvi *rain, x1 is hail/sleet/freezing |/solid precipitation of material/composition including x2 /:/ [this is the substance, not the act or manner of its falling, which is carvi] /=/ bratu *rain, x1 rains/showers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to '|'] /:/ /=/ carvi (cav) &rained from, x3 of carvi &rained on, thing | x2 of carvi *rains, x1 |/showers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to 'rain'] /:/ /=/ carvi (cav) &rainy, x2 of carvi &raise tide, x3 of ctaru @raise, for motion as a result of a raising force, consider metaphors "move-raise" (= muvylafti), "raise-move" (= lafmu'u), "raise-move-do" (= lafmuvgau), "raise-move-act" (= lafmuvzu'e) *raise, x1 (force) lifts/applies |-ing/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 /:/ [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/|/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] /=/ lafti (laf) &raised, x2 of rirni *raises, x1 is a parent of/|/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) *raising (applies | force), x1 (force) lifts/applies |/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 /:/ [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] /=/ lafti (laf) *raising (of a farm/ranch), x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by x3, |/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian /:/ [also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops] /=/ cange (cag) @raising, see also "parent" *ram, x1 is a sheep/[lamb/ewe/|] of species/breed x2 of flock x3 /:/ /=/ lanme (lan) *ranch, x1 is a farm/| at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian /:/ [also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops] /=/ cange (cag) *rancher (| of a ranch), x3 of: x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by | x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian /:/ [also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops] /=/ cange (cag) &random distribution, x3 of cunso &random, x1 of cunso *random, x1 is |/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 /:/ [also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")] /=/ cunso (cun cu'o) &randomness condition, x2 of cunso *range (final extent of stretching), x2 of: x1 stretches/extends to | x2 [interval/extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4 /:/ /=/ tcena (ten) *range (interval/extent ranged over), x2 of: x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/| x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) *range (relaxed extent before stretching), x4 of: x1 stretches/extends to range x2 [interval/extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed | x4 /:/ /=/ tcena (ten) *range (set defining bounds), x2 of: x1 is between/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/limits/| for x1] /=/ jbini (bin bi'i) *range (| for locus), x3 of: x1 is local to x2; x1 is confined to locus x2 within | x3 /:/ [indicates a specific location/value within a |; e.g. a hits b. What is the locality on b that a hits?] /=/ diklo (klo) *range (| of a function), x3 of: x1 is a function/single-valued mapping from domain x2 to | x3 defined by expression/rule x4 /:/ /=/ fancu *range (| with extreme), x4 of: x1 is superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3 extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/| x4 /:/ [also: x1 is x3-est/utmost in x2 among x4; x1 is extreme; x1 is simply x3] /=/ traji (rai) &range limited by extreme, x4 of traji &range, x1 of kuspe &range, function | x3 of fancu &range, local | x3 of diklo &range, stretched | x2 of tcena &range, unstretched | x4 of tcena &ranged over, x2 of kuspe *ranges, x1 |/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) &rank, x2 of panci *rapid, x1 is fast/swift/quick/hastes/| at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ sutra (sut) *rapids, x1 is a shoal [shallow hazard]/reef of material x2 in body of water x3 /:/ [| (= ri'erjmifa, ri'ercaxno)] /=/ jmifa &rare, x1 of rirci *rare, x1 [member] is |/unusual/uncommon/atypical in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ (x3 is complete specification of set) /=/ rirci &rarified, x1 of sakci &rarity population, x3 of rirci &rarity property, x2 of rirci &rat species, x2 of ratcu &rat, x1 of ratcu *rat, x1 is a | of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ ratcu *rate (frequency), x1 oscillates at |/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) *rate (ratio), x1 (me'o, MEX representation of a fraction) is a ratio/| of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3] /:/ [also x1 fraction/proportion/quotient; x2 dividend/numerator; x3 divisor/denominator] /=/ parbi (pab) &ratio reference, x3 of parbi &ratio, x1 of parbi &ratio, in | x2 of parbi *ratio, x1 (me'o, fraction) is a |/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3] /:/ [also x1 fraction/proportion/quotient; x2 dividend/numerator; x3 divisor/denominator] /=/ parbi (pab) &rational number, x1 of saclu *rational, x1 (action/activity/behavior) is sane/| by standard x2 /:/ /=/ racli *ravine, x1 is a crack/fissure/pass/cleft/|/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2 /:/ /=/ fenra (fer fe'a) &raw material for factory, x3 of fanri &raw material, x3 of zbasu *raw materials (| made from), x2 of: x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of |/parts/components x3 /:/ [should not be used to express causation] /=/ zbasu (zba) *raw materials (| used by a factory), x3 of: x1 is a factory/foundry/industrial plant/mill producing x2 from | x3 /:/ /=/ fanri *ray (energy beam), x1 is energy of type x2 in form x3 /:/ [|/beam (= nenli'i)] /=/ nejni (nen) *ray (focussed by lens), x1 is a lens/glass [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to focus/foci x3 by means/material x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is optical; focussing may be optical or otherwise, hence x2 which may be light, sound, X-|, etc., default is light/optical lens; ka is refraction] /=/ lenjo (len le'o) *ray (line), x1 is a line/among lines [1-dimensional shape/form] defined by set of points x2 /:/ [|/vector (farli'i or porli'i)] /=/ linji (lij li'i) *ray (quantum particle form), x1 is a quantum/|/elementary particle/smallest measurable increment of property/activity x2 /:/ [quantum | (= bonka'u)] /=/ kantu (ka'u) &reach, x2 of tcena *reaches (extends), x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/| across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) *reaches (stretches to extent), x2 of: x1 stretches/extends/| to range x2 [interval/extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4 /:/ /=/ tcena (ten) *reaches (succeeds), x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 | x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) *reaching (| height in jump), x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 | height x4 propelled by x5 /:/ [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression] /=/ plipe (pip pi'e) &react, x1 of frati *react, x1 |-s/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into |-tion x2, x3 stimulates |-tion x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) &reacted to, stimulus | x3 of frati *reacting (burning), x1 is a fire/flame in fuel x2 burning-in/|-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen) /:/ /=/ fagri (fag) *reaction (frown as |), x1 frowns/grimaces (facial expression) /:/ [x1 frowns/grimaces at/in | to x2 (= frufra)] /=/ frumu (fru) *reaction (| to stimulus), x2 of: x1 reacts/responds/answers with action/| x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into | x2, x3 stimulates | x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) &reaction conditions, x4 of frati &reaction, x2 of frati *reacts, x1 |/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) &read book, x4 of cukta &read from, x3 of tcidu &read poem, x4 of pemci &read prose, x4 of prosa &read, x1 of tcidu *read, x1 [agent] |-s x2 [text] from surface/document/|-ing material x3; x1 is a |-er /:/ /=/ tcidu (tid) &readable, x2 of tcidu *reader, x1 [agent] reads x2 [text] from surface/document/reading material x3; x1 is a | /:/ /=/ tcidu (tid) *reading material (source of text that is read), x3 of: x1 [agent] reads x2 [text] from surface/document/| x3; x1 is a reader /:/ /=/ tcidu (tid) *reading material (text that is read), x2 of: x1 [agent] reads | x2 [text] from surface/document/reading material x3; x1 is a reader /:/ /=/ tcidu (tid) *reads, x1 [agent] | x2 [text] from surface/document/reading material x3; x1 is a reader /:/ /=/ tcidu (tid) @ready, for preparing/becoming ready, consider metaphors "ready-become" (= brebi'o), "ready-modify" (= brega'i), "ready-act" (= brezu'e), "ready-do" (= bregau); consider "ready-cause" (= breri'a) for preparations when x1 is an event rather than an agent &ready, thing which is | x1 of bredi *ready, x1 is |/prepared for x2 (event) /:/ /=/ bredi (red bre) *real, x1 exists/is |/actual/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; [x1 is physical (one sense)] /=/ zasti (zat za'i) *reality (existence under metaphysics), x1 exists/is real/actual/| for x2 under metaphysics x3 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place]; [x1 is physical (one sense)] /=/ zasti (zat za'i) *reality (fact in the absolute), x1 (du'u) is a fact/|/truth/actuality, in the absolute /:/ /=/ fatci (fac) *reap, x1 (agent) harvests/|-s/gathers crop/product/objects x2 from source/area x3 /:/ /=/ crepu (rep) *reaps, x1 (agent) harvests/|/gathers crop/product/objects x2 from source/area x3 /:/ /=/ crepu (rep) *rear (back, behind), x1 is posterior/behind/back/to the | of/in the | of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)] /=/ trixe (rix ti'e) *rear (buttocks), x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/|/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] /:/ [also ass, behind, butt] /=/ zargu (zag za'u) *rear, x1 is a parent of/raises/|-s x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) &reared, x2 of rirni *rears, x1 is a parent of/raises/| x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) *reason (explanation for weeping), x3 of: x1 weeps/cries tears x2 about/for | x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ klaku (kak) *reason (justification), x1 (event/state) is a |/justification/explanation for/causing/permitting x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ krinu (rin ki'u) *reason (significance), x3 of: x1 (object/event) is important/significant to x2 (person/event) in aspect/for | x3 (nu/ka) /:/ [also: x1 matters to x2 in aspect/respect x3] /=/ vajni (vaj vai) &reason for anger, x3 of fengu &reason for debt, x4 of dejni &reason for importance, x3 of vajni &reason for jealousy, x3 of jilra &reason for pity, x3 of kecti &reason for reward, x3 of cnemu &reason for weeping, x3 of klaku &reason, x1 of krinu &reason, for a | x2 of krinu @reason, see also "because", "cause", "motive", "explanation" *reasoning (logic for |), x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/| to/about x2 (du'u) /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical] /=/ logji (loj) *reasons (thinks about), x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/|/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 /:/ [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)] /=/ pensi (pes pei) *recalls, x1 remembers/|/recollects fact(s)/memory x2 (du'u) about subject x3 /:/ /=/ morji (moj mo'i) *receive (| merited reward/recompense), x1 (ni) is the equivalent value/worth of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use/appreciation x4 /:/ [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva'i for reordered places); merit reward (= nemselva'i); | merited reward (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erva'i, po'erselva'i for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vamji (vam va'i) &receive gift, x3 of dunda &receive honesty, x2 of stace &receive journal, x4 of karni &receive mail, x3 of mrilu &receive message, x4 of notci &receive news, x4 of nuzba &receive noise, x2 of savru &receive offer, x3 of friti &receive protest, x3 of pante &receive share, x2 of fatri &receive suggestion, x3 of stidi &receive transfer, x3 of benji *receiver (destination of movement), x2 of: x1 (object) moves to destination/| x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) *receiver (radio |), x4 of: x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] | x4 /:/ /=/ cradi *receiver (television |), x4 of: x1 [broadcaster] televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television | x4 /:/ [x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) *receiver (| of gift/donation), x3 of: x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange] /:/ [also grants; x3 is a | (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdu'a, po'erseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dunda (dud du'a) *receiver (| of transmission), x3 of: x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to/towards | x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 /:/ [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier] /=/ benji (bej be'i) &receiver, x3 of benji &receiver, radio | x4 of cradi &receiver, television | x4 of tivni *recipe (method of cooking), x3 of: x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by |/method x3 (process) /:/ [cook with heat (= glajukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)] /=/ jukpa (jup) &recipe, x3 of jukpa *recipient (| of gift), x3 of: x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/present x2 to |/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange] /:/ [also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdu'a, po'erseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dunda (dud du'a) *recipient (| of payment), x3 of: x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to |/payee x3 for goods/services x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) *recipient (| of reward), x2 of: x1 (agent) rewards x2 [|] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4 /:/ [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, po'ervelne'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cnemu (nem ne'u) *recipient (| of supplied commodity), x3 of: x1 [source] provides/supplies/furnishes x2 [supply/commodity] to x3 [|] /:/ [agentive supply (= sabgau, sabzu'e)] /=/ sabji (sab) &recipient, x3 of benji &recipient, x3 of dunda *reciprocal (| motion; oscillation), x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, | (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) *reciprocal motion, x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, |] /=/ desku (des) &reciprocal, x2 of simxu *reciprocally, x1 (set) has members who mutually/| x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) /:/ [members of x1 do to each other/one another x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing to each other] /=/ simxu (sim si'u) &reciprocate, x1 of simxu *reckon, x1 calculates/|-s/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4 /:/ /=/ kanji (kaj) *reckons, x1 calculates/|/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4 /:/ /=/ kanji (kaj) &reclined on, x2 of vreta *reclines, x1 lies/rests/|/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2 /:/ /=/ vreta (vre) &reclining, x1 of vreta *reclining, x1 lies/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is |/recumbent/lying on x2 /:/ /=/ vreta (vre) *recognition (| vied for in a competition), x4 of: x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, | (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) *recognized (meaning |), x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 |/seen/accepted by x3 /:/ [referential meaning (=selsni, snismu)] /=/ smuni (mun smu) *recognizes (discerns/is aware of), x1 is conscious/aware of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/| x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also: x1 knows [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies some amount of mental processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, and may also be applied to mental relationships that are not detected by the senses] /=/ sanji (saj) *recognizes (greets/responds for the first time), x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to/|]/responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 (action) /:/ /=/ rinsa *recognizes (honors), x1 celebrates/|/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3 /:/ [x3 (and nunsalci) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of 'celebrate': funeral (= mrobixsla)] /=/ salci (sla) *recognizes (of an observer), x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/| (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) *recollects, x1 remembers/recalls/| fact(s)/memory x2 (du'u) about subject x3 /:/ /=/ morji (moj mo'i) &record, x1 of vreji *record, x1 is a | of x2 (data/facts/du'u) about x3 (object/event) preserved in medium x4 /:/ /=/ vreji (rej vei) &recorded, x2 of vreji *recorder, x1 is a flute/pipe/fife/| [flute-like/air-reed musical instrument] /:/ /=/ flani *recording (of a camera), x1 is a camera/photographic equipment | illumination type x2 images to medium x3 /:/ /=/ kacma &recording medium, x3 of vreji *recounts (of a storyteller), x3 of: x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/| story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author] /=/ lisri (lis) &recreation, x2 of surla *rectangle (board/plank), x1 is a board/plank [3-dimensional long flat |] of material x2 /:/ /=/ tanbo (ta'o) *rectangle (right-angled shape), x1 is a right-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) /:/ [also |, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), | (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)] /=/ kurfa (kur) *rectilinear, x1 is a right-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) /:/ [also rectangle, square, |; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)] /=/ kurfa (kur) *recumbent, x1 lies/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/|/lying on x2 /:/ /=/ vreta (vre) &recur, x1 of krefu &recur, x2 of krefu *recur, x1 (event) is the x3'rd |-rence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) *recur, x1 [action] |-s/is repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences /:/ [practice (= rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)] /=/ rapli (rap) &recurrence, x1 of krefu &recurrence, number of | x3 of krefu *recurrence, x1 (event) is the x3'rd |/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) &recurrent, x2 of krefu *recurring interval (season), x1 is a season/is seasonal [|], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 /:/ [also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year] /=/ citsi *recurs, x1 (event) often/frequently/commonly/customarily occurs/| by standard x2 /:/ /=/ cafne (caf) &red, x1 of xunre %red, x1 is fuchsin/a dye of magenta/fuchsia/purplish-| color /:/ /=/ nukselcinta *red, x1 is magenta/fuchsia/purplish-| [color adjective] /:/ /=/ nukni (nuk) *red, x1 is |/crimson/ruddy [color adjective] /:/ /=/ xunre (xun xu'e) *reddish (| metal), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of copper (Cu); [metaphor: |, electrical conductor] /:/ /=/ tunka (tuk) *reduced, x1 (experiencer) decreases/contracts/is |/diminished in property/quantity x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jdika *reed (air-| instrument, flute), x1 is a flute/pipe/fife/recorder [flute-like/air-| musical instrument] /:/ /=/ flani *reed (instrument, oboe), x1 is a oboe/clarinet/saxophone [| musical instrument] with | x2 /:/ /=/ xagri *reed (lip-| instrument, horn), x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/bugle [brass-wind/lip-| musical instrument] /:/ /=/ tabra &reed instrument, x1 of xagri &reed, x2 of xagri *reef, x1 is a shoal [shallow hazard]/| of material x2 in body of water x3 /:/ [rapids (= ri'erjmifa, ri'ercaxno)] /=/ jmifa *referee (judge an event), x1 judges/|-s/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = |/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) *referees, x1 judges/|/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) &reference for above, x3 of gapru &reference for beneath, x3 of cnita &reference for beyond, x3 of bancu &reference for front, x3 of crane &reference for upon, x3 of cpana &reference point, depth | x3 of condi &reference point, shallow | x3 of caxno &reference, x1 of manri &reference, height | x2 of galtu &reference, lowness | x2 of dizlo &reference, ratio | x3 of parbi &reference, relative to a frame of | x2 of manri &reference, rule for | x3 of manri &reference, use | x2 of manri *reference, x1 is a frame of |/standard for observing/measuring/determining x2, with/by rules x3 /:/ (x1 may be object or si'o idea) /=/ manri (mar) &referent, x2 of sinxa *referential meaning, x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted by x3 /:/ [| (=selsni, snismu)] /=/ smuni (mun smu) *referring (of a sign), x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/|/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) *refers (cites), x1 cites/quotes/| to/makes reference to source x2 for information/statement x3 (du'u) /:/ /=/ sitna (sit) *refined, x1 is delicate/fragile/subtle/| in property x2 (ka) /:/ [easily damaged or rendered less pleasing/pure/effective] /=/ ralci (rac) &reflect, x1 of minra *reflect, x1 |-s/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/|-or]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is |-tion] /=/ minra (mir) &reflected, x2 of minra &reflection, x4 of minra &reflection, see | x3 of minra *reflective (of a polished metallic surface), x1 is a highly |/polished non-tarnishing metallic surface, of metal x2 [often chromium] /:/ /=/ romge (rog) *reflector, x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/|]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) *refraction, nu or ka of: x1 is a lens/glass [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to focus/foci x3 by means/material x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is optical; focussing may be optical or otherwise, hence x2 which may be light, sound, X-ray, etc., default is light/optical lens; nu, ka is | (= nunle'o, kamle'o)] /=/ lenjo (len le'o) &refractor, x4 of lenjo *refreshment (beverage), x2 of: x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid | x2 from/out-of container/source x3 /:/ /=/ pinxe (pix) *refuge, x1 is a shelter/haven/|/retreat/harbor for/protecting x2 from danger/threat x3 /:/ /=/ marbi (mra) *refutes (of a fact that contradicts), x1 (du'u) contradicts/denies/|/negates x2 (du'u) under rules/logic x3 /:/ [also exception (= nafmupli); agentive contradicts/denies (= nafxu'a or nalselxu'a or tolxu'a) /=/ natfe (naf na'e) *regards (examines), x1 looks at/examines/views/inspects/|/watches/gazes at x2 /:/ [also look through (= grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"] /=/ catlu (cta) *regards (| highly), x1 esteems/respects/venerates/| x2 [object of respect] /:/ [also: x2 is respected/esteemed/celebrated (= selsi'a for reordered places)] /=/ sinma (si'a) ®imentation, x2 of bilni *regimented, x1 is military/|/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)] /=/ bilni (bil) *region (at-least-3-dimensional space), x1 is space/volume/|/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2 /:/ [also occupy (= selca'u)] /=/ canlu (cal ca'u) *region (| associated with a town/metropolitan area), x1 is a town/city of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/| x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is urban] /=/ tcadu (tca) *region (| having weather), x2 of: x1 is weather at place/| x2; (adjective:) x1 is meteorological /:/ [climate (= citsyti'a, timymo'a)] /=/ tcima (tim ti'a) *region (| of outer space), x1 or x2 of: x1 is outer space near/associated with celestial body/| x2 /:/ /=/ kensa (kes) ®ion, outer space | x2 of kensa @region, see also "area", "local" *register, x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/| of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified) /=/ liste (ste) ®ret, x1 of xenru *regret, x1 |-s/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is |-ful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 /:/ [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)] /=/ xenru (xer xe'u) ®retful, x2 of xenru *regretful, x1 regrets/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is |/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 /:/ [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)] /=/ xenru (xer xe'u) *regrets, x1 |/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 /:/ [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)] /=/ xenru (xer xe'u) ®rettable, x2 of xenru *regular (cyclical), x1 is |/cyclical/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/interval x3 /:/ [also uniform; resonant (= dikslicai)] /=/ dikni (dik) *regular (typical/ordinary), x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ [also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also |, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)] /=/ fadni (fad) *regular (| polyhedron/polygon), x1 is a cube/| polyhedron/polygon of dimensions x2 (default 3), surfaces/sides x3 (default 6) /:/ /=/ kubli (kub) ®ular event, x1 of dikni ®ular period, x3 of dikni *regular polyhedron, x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 /:/ [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], | (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli) /=/ bliku (bli) *regularity (property showing roughness), x2 of: x1 is rough/coarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/| /:/ [fine-textured (= tolrufsu)] /=/ rufsu (ruf) *regularity (property showing smoothness), x2 of: x1 is smooth/even/[soft/silky] in texture/| /:/ /=/ xutla (xul) ®ularity, x2 of dikni *regularly used (of a surface used as a road), x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered) /:/ [a |, improved-for-use surface for travelling] /=/ dargu (dag) ®ulated by law, x2 of flalu *regulated, x2/x3 of: x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are |] /=/ javni (jva) *regulates, x1 (event) adjusts/|/changes x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 /:/ [non-resultative, causal change; agentive adjust (= tikygau, tikyzu'e)] /=/ stika (tik) *regulation, x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [|, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) *regulatory, x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is |; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) *regurgitates, x1 vomits/| x2; x1 throws x2 up; [violent] digestive expulsion /:/ (x2 is non-gaseous) /=/ vamtu (vat) *reign, x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/|-s over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; |/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *reigns, x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/| over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *related by (of arguments in a predication), x3 of: x1 (text) is a predicate relationship with relation x2 among arguments (sequence/set) x3 /:/ [also: x3 are | relation x2 (= terbri for reordered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified) /=/ bridi (bri) *related to (associated with), x1 is |/associated with/akin to x2 by relationship x3 /:/ /=/ ckini (ki'i) &related to, x2 of ckini *related with (pertains to), x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is |/associated with/is about x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2] /=/ srana (ra'a) &related, x1 of ckini &related, are | x3 of bridi *relation (| expressed by a Lojban root word), x2 of: x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing | x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es) x4 /:/ [gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gi'uste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)] /=/ gismu (gim gi'u) *relation (| in a predication), x2 of: x1 (text) is a predicate relationship with | x2 among arguments (sequence/set) x3 /:/ [also: x3 are related by | x2 (= terbri for reordered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified) /=/ bridi (bri) &relation, argument | x3 of sumti &relation, group | x4 of girzu &relation, predicate | x2 of bridi &relation, root word | x2 of gismu *relations (| linking set into a group), x4 of: x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by | x4 /:/ [also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)] /=/ girzu (gir gri) *relations (| structuring a system), x2 of: x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also |, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] /=/ ciste (ci'e) *relationship (of a sentence/phrase), x2 of: x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/|/focus] in language x3 /:/ /=/ jufra (juf ju'a) *relationship (predicate |), x1 (text) is a predicate |/predication with relation x2 among arguments (sequence/set) x3 /:/ [also: x3 are related by relation x2 (= terbri for reordered places)]; (x3 is a set completely specified) /=/ bridi (bri) *relationship (| defining relatedness), x3 of: x1 is related to/associated with/akin to x2 by | x3 /:/ /=/ ckini (ki'i) &relationship, x3 of ckini *relative (familial | of), x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard x3 /:/ [also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places), | of (= lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)] /=/ lanzu (laz) &relative to a frame of reference, x2 of manri &relative, x2 of lanzu &relax, x1 of surla *relax, x1 |-es/rests/is at ease in/by doing/being x2 (activity) /:/ /=/ surla (sur) *relaxed (| length, of something stretched), x4 of: x1 stretches/extends to range x2 [interval/extent] in dimension x3 from | range x4 /:/ /=/ tcena (ten) *relaxes, x1 |/rests/is at ease in/by doing/being x2 (activity) /:/ /=/ surla (sur) &relaxing activity, x2 of surla *releasing (of a key), x1 is a key fitting/|/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3 /:/ [also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (= termifckiku, ckitermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth] /=/ ckiku (kik) *relevant, x1 pertains to/is germane/| to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2] /=/ srana (ra'a) *reliable (property of a support/underpinning), x1 supports/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 /:/ [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, | (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)] /=/ sarji (sra) &reliance, matter of | x3 of lacri &relied on, x2 of lacri *relies, x1 |/depends/counts on/trusts x2 to bring about/ensure/maintain x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ lacri (lac) *religion (mythos attachning significance to a legend/myth), x3 of: x1 is a myth/legend, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4 /:/ [also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures of story/myth/legend/|, e.g. dragon (these animals are ramda'u); fairy tale (= veryranmi)] /=/ ranmi (ram) *religion (mythos having non-human humanoids), x2 of: x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/| x2 /:/ [also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/|), bugbear, bogeyman] /=/ crida (rid) *religion (| accepting/believing in a deity), x2 of: x1 is a/the god/deity of people(s)/| x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is divine /:/ [also divinity] /=/ cevni (cev cei) *religion (| attaching significance to a plant), x4 of: x1 is a lotus, plant/flower/herb of species/strain x2 symbolizing x3 to culture/| x4 /:/ /=/ latna *religion (| holding something holy/sacred), x2 of: x1 is holy/sacred to person/people/culture/|/cult/group x2 /:/ /=/ censa (ces) *religion (| of a temple/shrine), x2 of: x1 is a temple/church/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of | x2 at location/serving area x3 /:/ [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)] /=/ malsi (mas) *religion (| of believers with common beliefs/practices), x1 is a | of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/| (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) &religion, x1 of lijda &religion, x2 of cevni &religion, temple | x2 of malsi *religion, x1 pertains to the Buddhist culture/|/ethos in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ budjo (buj bu'o) *religion, x1 pertains to the Christian |/culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ xriso (xis xi'o) *religion, x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Muslim culture/|/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jegvo (jeg je'o) *religion, x1 pertains to the Islamic/Moslem/Koranic [Quranic] culture/|/nation in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ muslo (mus) *religion, x1 pertains to the Taoist culture/ethos/| in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ dadjo (daj) *religion, x1 reflects Hindi language/culture/| in aspect x2 /:/ [defaults to not include Urdu; Indian (Bharat) nationality may be implied (when constrained by xingu'e)] /=/ xindo (xin) &religious belief, x3 of lijda &religious community, x2 of cevni *religious, x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are |/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) &rely, x1 of lacri *rely, x1 |-es/depends/counts on/trusts x2 to bring about/ensure/maintain x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ lacri (lac) &remain, x1 of stali *remain, x1 |-s/stays at/abides/lasts with x2 /:/ /=/ stali (sta) *remainder (| after division), x4 of: x1 is a quotient of 'x2/x3' [dividend x2 divided by divisor x3], leaving | x4 /:/ /=/ dilcu *remainder (|after subtraction/removal), x4 of: x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/| x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) &remainder in division, x4 of dilcu &remainder, x4 of vimcu &remained at, x2 of stali *remains, x1 |/stays at/abides/lasts with x2 /:/ /=/ stali (sta) *remark, x1 (text) is a comment/|/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also: x3 comments/remarks/says x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)] /=/ pinka (pik) *remarks, x3 of: x1 (text) is a comment/remark/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also: x3 comments/|/says x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)] /=/ pinka (pik) &remember, x1 of morji *remember, x1 |-s/recalls/recollects fact(s)/memory x2 (du'u) about subject x3 /:/ /=/ morji (moj mo'i) &remembered, x2 of morji *remembers, x1 |/recalls/recollects fact(s)/memory x2 (du'u) about subject x3 /:/ /=/ morji (moj mo'i) *reminder (note), x1 is a message/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4 /:/ [emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an 'intended' audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for 'content'); |/memo/note (= mojnoi)] /=/ notci (not noi) *remnant, x4 of: x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/|/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) *remorse (feels |, regrets), x1 regrets/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 /:/ [also: x1 feels | about x2 (= zugyxe'u)] /=/ xenru (xer xe'u) *remorse (feels |/guilt), x1 feels guilt/| about x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ zungi (zug) &remorse, cause | x2 of zungi *remorseful, x1 regrets/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[|] about x2 /:/ [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)] /=/ xenru (xer xe'u) &remove, x1 of vimcu *remove, x1 |-s/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) &removed by washing, x3 of lumci &removed from, x3 of vimcu &removed, x2 of vimcu *removes (obtains by taking), x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[|] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied] /=/ lebna (leb le'a) *removes (subtracts/deducts), x1 |/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) *remunerates, x1 pays/compensates/|/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) *renowned, x1 (person/object/event) is famous/|/is a celebrity among community of persons x2 (mass) /:/ [also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)] /=/ misno (mis mi'o) *rent, x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); | (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) &repair, x1 of cikre &repaired item, use for | x3 of cikre &repaired, x2 of cikre &repairman, x1 of cikre *repairs, x1 |/mends/fixes x2 for use x3 /:/ [a repair may be incomplete, fixing only one of the possible uses of x2, hence x3] /=/ cikre &repeat count, x2 of rapli &repeat, x1 of rapli *repeat, x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again/| in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) *repeat, x1 [action] |-s/is repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences /:/ [practice (= rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)] /=/ rapli (rap) *repeated, x1 [action] repeats/is | for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences /:/ [practice (= rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)] /=/ rapli (rap) @repeats, see also "recurs" *repeats, x1 [action] |/is repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences /:/ [practice (= rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)] /=/ rapli (rap) *repetition, x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/| of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) &replace, x1 of basti *replace, x1 |-s/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a |-ment/substitute /:/ [also: x1 trades places with x2] /=/ basti (bas) &replaced thing, x2 of basti &replacement condition, x3 of basti *replacement, x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a |/substitute /:/ [also: x1 trades places with x2] /=/ basti (bas) *replaces (non-agentive), x1 |/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute /:/ [also: x1 trades places with x2] /=/ basti (bas) *replica, x1 is a copy/|/duplicate/clone of x2 in form/medium x3 made by method x4 (event) /:/ /=/ fukpi (fuk fu'i) &replied to, x2 of spuda *replies, x1 answers/| to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 /:/ [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing] /=/ spuda (spu) *reply (form of answering), x3 of: x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 /:/ [x3 also answer/|]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the |/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing] /=/ spuda (spu) *reply (response to question/problem), x1 is the answer/response/solution/[|] to question/problem x2 /:/ (cf. spuda for agentive response/|) /=/ danfu (daf) &reply, x1 of spuda *reposes, x1 lies/rests/reclines/| on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2 /:/ /=/ vreta (vre) &represent, x1 of krati *represent, x1 |-s/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 /:/ [also: on behalf of] /=/ krati (ka'i) *representative democracy, x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), | (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) &represented by diplomat, x2 of jansu &represented in, matter | x3 of krati &represented, x2 of krati &represented, x2 of sinxa *representing (of a diplomat), x1 is a diplomat/consul | polity x2 in/at negotiation x3 for function/purpose x4 /:/ [(for) x3 polity, (use tu'a); also ambassador (= raljansu, trujansu)] /=/ jansu (jas) *representing (of a letter/digit/symbol), x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 | x3 /:/ [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol] /=/ lerfu (ler le'u) *representing (of a symbol/sign), x1 is a sign/symbol/signal |/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) *representing (of an illustration), x1 is a picture/illustration |/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)] /=/ pixra (pir xra) *represents (of an agent/proxy), x1 |/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 /:/ [also: on behalf of] /=/ krati (ka'i) *represents (| a pattern), x1 is/reflects/| a pattern of forms/events x2 arranged according to structure x3 /:/ [x3 is a [model] for x1 (= termontai, termonsi'o); image (= gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, selmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the ideal)] /=/ morna (mon mo'a) *reproductive organ (projecting |), x1 is a/the clitoris/penis [projecting |; body-part] of x2 /:/ [normally context eliminates need for specificity; otherwise: penis (= nakpinji), clitoris (= fetpinji)] /=/ pinji &reptile species, x2 of respa &reptile, x1 of respa *reptile, x1 is a | of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ respa (res) *repugnant, x1 is | to/causes disgust to x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ rigni (rig) &repulsed, x2 of rigni &request, form of | x4 of cpedu *request, x1 |-s/asks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4 /:/ [also demand (= mi'ecpe)] /=/ cpedu (cpe) &requested from, person | x3 of cpedu &requested thing, x2 of cpedu &requestor, x1 of cpedu @requests, see also "begs" *requests, x1 |/asks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4 /:/ [also demand (= mi'ecpe)] /=/ cpedu (cpe) *require (prescribe), x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, | (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) &required, x2 of javni *required, x1 (abstract) is necessary/| for continuing state/process x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also factually necessary, necessity, prerequisite, condition, precondition] /=/ sarcu (sa'u) *requirement (rule), x1 is a rule/| prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, | (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) *requirement (| required by a rule), x2 of: x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring | x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, | (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) &requirement, x1 of sarcu &requirement, x2 of nitcu &requirement, x3 of kakne *requires (needs), x1 needs/|/is dependent on/[wants] necessity x2 for purpose/action/stage of process x3 /:/ [no implication of lack] /=/ nitcu (tcu) *requires consideration, x1 (event/state) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3 /:/ [also: x1 | by x2] /=/ nabmi (nam) &requires, x2 of banzu &requires, x2 of sarcu *requiring, x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/| x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) &resembled by, x2 of simsa *resembles, x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/| (= smimlu, mitmlu)] /=/ simlu (mlu) *reserve (land |), x1 is a park/land | managed by community/polity/company x2 for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ panka *reserve (supply), x1 is a store/deposit/supply/| of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 /:/ [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2]; (cf. sabji for a store or | that is not necessarily tied to a site) /=/ sorcu (soc sro) *residence (temporary), x1 is a camp/encampment/temporary | of x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ ginka (gik) @residence, see also "house", "home", "dwelling" *resident, x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a | of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2 /:/ /=/ xabju (xa'u) *resides, x1 dwells/lives/|/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2 /:/ /=/ xabju (xa'u) *resistant (firm/unyielding), x1 is firm/hard/|/unyielding to force x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ jdari (jar) *resistant (stiff/inflexible), x1 is stiff/rigid/inflexible/| in direction x2 against force x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also sometimes: firm, hard; not limited to physical forces; e.g. mental rigidity] /=/ tinsa *resistant to oxidation, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of nickel/other metal | /:/ /=/ nikle (nik) &resisted, x2 of xarnu &resisted, x3 of tinsa *resisting (willfully |, stubborn), x1 is stubborn/willfully opposing/| x2 about x3 (event/state) /:/ [x2 may be a person, a state or condition, or a force; the essence is willful resistance] /=/ xarnu *resists (opposes), x1 opposes/balances/contends/| against opponent(s) x2 (person/force individual/mass) about x3 (abstract) /:/ /=/ fapro (fap pro) *resists (wards/protects against), x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event) /:/ [also secures (verb); x1 wards/| x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)] /=/ bandu (bad) *resonant, x1 is regular/cyclical/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/interval x3 /:/ [also uniform; | (= dikslicai)] /=/ dikni (dik) *resonates, x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2 /:/ [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); | (one sense, = jabdesku)] /=/ janbe (jab) *resource (consumed |), x2 of: x1 (event) uses up/depletes/consumes/[wastes] x2 [|] /:/ [waste (= fesxaksu, dusxaksu)] /=/ xaksu (xak) *resource (inputs to a process), x2 of: x1 is a process with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, passing through steps/stages x4 /:/ [x2 | (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)] /=/ pruce (ruc ru'e) *resource (tool/utensil), x1 is a tool/utensil/|/instrument/implement used for doing x2; [form determines function] /:/ /=/ tutci (tci) *resource (used), x2 of: x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material, |] for purpose x3 /:/ [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, le'irplicu'a)] /=/ pilno (pli) *resources (that which is invested), x2 of: x1 (agent) invests | x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) /:/ [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)] /=/ zivle (ziv vle) &resources invested, x2 of zivle *respect (as component of pride), x1 (person) feels/has pride in/about x2 (abstraction) /:/ [an emotional combination of satisfaction and |/esteem towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specific tie to emoter; self-pride (= se'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu'a for pride in non-specific actions/properties of someone] /=/ jgira (jgi) *respect (aspect having significance), x3 of: x1 (object/event) is important/significant to x2 (person/event) in aspect/for reason x3 (nu/ka) /:/ [also: x1 matters to x2 in aspect/| x3] /=/ vajni (vaj vai) *respect (of a quantity in ratio to another), x1 (me'o, fraction) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with | to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3] /:/ [also x1 fraction/proportion/quotient; x2 dividend/numerator; x3 divisor/denominator] /=/ parbi (pab) &respected, x2 of sinma *respected, x2 of: x1 esteems/respects/venerates/highly regards x2 [object of respect] /:/ [also: x2 is |/esteemed/celebrated (= selsi'a for reordered places)] /=/ sinma (si'a) *respects, x1 esteems/|/venerates/highly regards x2 [object of respect] /:/ [also: x2 is respected/esteemed/celebrated (= selsi'a for reordered places)] /=/ sinma (si'a) *respiratory, x1 is a/the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/| apparatus/bellows] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary] /=/ fepri *respires, x1 breathes/| x2 [gas] /:/ /=/ vasxu (vax va'u) &respond, x1 of spuda *respond, x1 answers/replies to/|-s to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 /:/ [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing] /=/ spuda (spu) *responds (reacts), x1 reacts/|/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) *responds (replies), x1 answers/replies to/| to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3 /:/ [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing] /=/ spuda (spu) *responds (| to arrival), x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/| to arrival of x2 in manner x3 (action) /:/ /=/ rinsa *response (answer/solution), x1 is the answer/|/solution/[reply] to question/problem x2 /:/ (cf. spuda for agentive |/reply) /=/ danfu (daf) *response (reply/answer), x3 of: x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with | x3 /:/ [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/| is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing] /=/ spuda (spu) &response, x2 of frati &response, x3 of spuda &responsibility, x2 of fuzme &responsible, x1 of fuzme &responsible, hold | x3 of fuzme *responsible, x1 is |/accountable for x2 (action/resulting state) to judge/authority x3 /:/ /=/ fuzme (fuz fu'e) *responsive, x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is | /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) *rest (desired), x1 is tired/fatigued by effort/situation x2 (event); x1 needs/wants | /:/ /=/ tatpi (ta'i) *rest, x1 is idle/at |/inactive /:/ ["in motion", not implying a change in location, is negation of this] /=/ cando (cad) *rest, x1 lies/|-s/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2 /:/ /=/ vreta (vre) &restaurant cuisine, x2 of gusta &restaurant customer, x3 of gusta &restaurant, x1 of gusta *restaurant, x1 is a |/cafe/diner serving type-of-food x2 to audience x3 /:/ /=/ gusta *resting on, x1 is upon/atop/|/lying on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/gravity x3 /:/ (x1 may be object or event) /=/ cpana *restrain (| within limits), x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 /:/ [|/constrain within limits (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)] /=/ jimte (jit) &restrain, x2 of rinju *restrain, x1 is |-ed/held [back]/constrained/kept by |-t x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a |-t/binding for x1, x2 keeps/|-s/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive |-t (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) *restrained (held/kept by restraint), x1 is |/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) *restrained (of a captive), x1 is a prisoner/captive of x2, |/held/confined by means/force x3 /:/ /=/ pinfu (pif) &restrained against, x3 of rinju &restrained, x1 of rinju *restraining (of a rail/bar), x1 is a rail/railing/bar [tool] supporting/| x2, of material x3 /:/ /=/ garna (gar) *restrains (holds back), x2 of: x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/|/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) *restrains (prevents), x1 prevents/keeps/stops/|/constrains event x2 from occurring /:/ /=/ fanta *restraint (that which restrains/holds back), x2 of: x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by | x2 against x3 (event) /:/ [also: x2 is a |/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri'u for reordered places); agentive | (= ri'urgau, ri'urzu'e)] /=/ rinju (ri'u) *restraint (| which captures), x3 of: x1 captures/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/| x3 /:/ [catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)] /=/ kavbu (kav) &restraint, x2 of rinju &restraint, x3 of pinfu @restricted, see also "confined" *restriction (containment of a store/deposit), x3 of: x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 /:/ [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location |; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2] /=/ sorcu (soc sro) *rests (lies/reclines), x1 lies/|/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2 /:/ /=/ vreta (vre) *rests (relaxes), x1 relaxes/|/is at ease in/by doing/being x2 (activity) /:/ /=/ surla (sur) @rests, see "upon" *result (exponential |), x1 is the exponential | of base x2 to power/exponent x3 /:/ /=/ tenfa (tef) *result (goal/motivated |), x3 of: x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volition of x3 /:/ [also; x3 is motivated to bring about |/goal/objective x2 by x1 (= termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditions' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or within the x2 action level)] /=/ mukti (muk mu'i) *result (successful |), x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a | of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) *result (sum), x1 is a mathematical sum/|/total of x2 plus/increased by x3 /:/ /=/ sumji (suj) *result (| commanded), x3 of: x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for | x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur /:/ [also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) *result (| of combining), x4 of: x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with | x4; x1 (agent) augments x2 by amount x3 /:/ /=/ jmina (min) *result (| of modification), x3 of: x1 (event) modifies/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into | x3 /:/ [causal, |]; (cf. stika for non-|, binxo for not-necessarily causal change, cenba for non-| change) /=/ galfi (gaf ga'i) *result (| of multiplication), x1 is the product/total/| of factors/multiplicands (x2 and x3) x2 multiplied by x3 /:/ /=/ pilji (pi'i) *result (| of organization), x3 of: x1 organizes x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/organized |] by system/principle(s) x4 /:/ [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3] /=/ ganzu (gaz) *result (| of removal/subtraction), x3 of: x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving |/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) *result (| of transformation), x2 of: x1 becomes/changes/converts/transforms into | x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [|, not-necessarily causal, change]; (cf. cenba for non-|, galfi for causal, stika for non-|, non-causal change) /=/ binxo (bix bi'o) *result (| of translation), x5 of: x1 translates text/utterance x2 to language x3 from language x4 with translation | x5 /:/ /=/ fanva &result caused, x2 of rinka &result commanded, x3 of minde &result of flaw, x3 of cfila &result of growth, x2 of banro &result, x1 of jalge &result, addition | x4 of jmina &result, explosion | x2 of spoja &result, have | x2 of jalge &result, process | x3 of pruce @result, see also "product" &result, troubling | x3 of raktu *result, x1 (action/event/state) is a |/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) /:/ [also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)] /=/ jalge (jag ja'e) *resultative change, x1 (event) modifies/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3 /:/ [causal, |]; (cf. stika for non-|, binxo for not-necessarily causal change, cenba for non-| change) /=/ galfi (gaf ga'i) *resultative change, x1 becomes/changes/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [|, not-necessarily causal, change]; (cf. cenba for non-|, galfi for causal, stika for non-|, non-causal change) /=/ binxo (bix bi'o) *resulting (accruing; of profit), x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/| from activity/process x3 /:/ [also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ prali (pal) *results (| of a process), x3 of: x1 is a process with inputs x2, outputs/| x3, passing through steps/stages x4 /:/ [x2 resource (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)] /=/ pruce (ruc ru'e) *resuming (after a pause), x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) /:/ [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: | x4] /=/ denpa (dep de'a) &retain, x1 of ralte &retain, x2 of stali *retain, x1 |-s/keeps/holds x2 in its possession /:/ /=/ ralte (ra'e) &retained, x2 of ralte *retains, x1 |/keeps/holds x2 in its possession /:/ /=/ ralte (ra'e) *retaliates, x1 takes revenge on/| against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) /:/ [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful] /=/ venfu (vef) *retreat (shelter), x1 is a shelter/haven/refuge/|/harbor for/protecting x2 from danger/threat x3 /:/ /=/ marbi (mra) *retreats, x2 of: x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 from x4 /:/ [x2 goes back/reverts/[|] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)] /=/ xruti (xru) *return (debt owed in | for), x2 of: x1 owes x2 in debt/obligation to creditor x3 in | for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a debtor /:/ /=/ dejni (dej) *return (mutually do in |), x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) /:/ [members of x1 do to each other/one another x2, and in | do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing to each other] /=/ simxu (sim si'u) *return (profit), x4 of: x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting |/profit x4 (object(s)/event) /:/ [also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)] /=/ zivle (ziv vle) &return, x1 of xruti &return, investment | x4 of zivle *return, x1 (agent) |-s x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 from x4 /:/ [x2 goes back/reverts/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-|-ing to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)] /=/ xruti (xru) &returned from, state | x4 of xruti &returned to, state | x3 of xruti &returned, x2 of xruti *returns, x1 (agent) | x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 from x4 /:/ [x2 goes back/reverts/[retreats] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)] /=/ xruti (xru) *revealing (honest/open), x1 is honest/open/truthfully | to/candid/frank with x2 about matter/fact x3 /:/ [also straight, straight-forward] /=/ stace (sac) *reveals, x1 (agent) shows/exhibits/displays/[|]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3 /:/ [| (= tolmipygau, mipyja'o, sivja'o); also: x1 shows that x2, x1 shows off x2; showing an object is generally expressed with a tu'a x2, since the properties of the shown object (other than its presence) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)] /=/ jarco (ja'o) &revenge, x1 of venfu *revenge, x1 takes | on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) /:/ [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful] /=/ venfu (vef) &revenged against, x2 of venfu &revenged by, x4 of venfu &revenged for, x3 of venfu *reverie, x2 of: x1 dreams about/that x2 (fact/idea/event/state); x2 is a dream/| of x1 /:/ [dream/| (= selsne)] /=/ senva (sev sne) *reverse (| order), x1 [sequence] is in | order from x2 [sequence]; x1 (object) is inverted from x2 (object) /:/ [also opposite (one sense)] /=/ fatne (fat fa'e) &reverse, x1 of fatne &reversed, x2 of fatne *reverts, x2 of: x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 from x4 /:/ [x2 goes back/retreats/[|] to x3 (= se'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)] /=/ xruti (xru) *revolve, x1 turns/rotates/|-s around axis x2 in direction x3 /:/ [also | (= jincarna)] /=/ carna (car) *revolves (kind of oscillatatory motion), x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, |] /=/ slilu (sli) *revolves (turns/orbits around axis), x1 turns/rotates/| around axis x2 in direction x3 /:/ [also | (= jincarna)] /=/ carna (car) *revolving (of a planet), x1 is a planet | around x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ plini *revolving (of a satellite), x1 is a satellite/moon | around x2 with characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ mluni (lun) *reward (earned experience), x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 /:/ [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 and x2 are empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: | or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)] /=/ lifri (lif fri) *reward (merit |, receive merited |), x1 (ni) is the equivalent value/worth of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use/appreciation x4 /:/ [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva'i for reordered places); merit | (= nemselva'i); receive merited | (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erva'i, po'erselva'i for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vamji (vam va'i) *reward (prize won), x2 of: x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize/| x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4 /:/ [also: x1 is a victor; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; /=/ jinga (jig ji'a) *reward (something awarded for atypical behavior), x4 of: x1 (agent) |-s x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with |/desserts x4 /:/ [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive | (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, po'ervelne'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cnemu (nem ne'u) *reward (something competed for), x4 of: x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, |, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) *reward (something earned), x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay/| x2 for work/service x3 (activity) /:/ [x2 | (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna &reward given, x4 of cnemu &reward, x1 of cnemu &reward, reason for | x3 of cnemu &rewarded, x2 of cnemu *rewarder, x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4 /:/ [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the |: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, po'ervelne'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cnemu (nem ne'u) *rewards (gives payment), x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[|] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) *rewards (gives reward), x1 (agent) | x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4 /:/ [differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; | need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne'u, sfane'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne'u, po'ervelne'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cnemu (nem ne'u) *rhombus (a square oriented diagonally to appear as a diamond), x1 is a right-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) /:/ [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), |/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)] /=/ kurfa (kur) *rhubarb, x1 is a quantity of buckwheat/|/sorrel grass of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ xruba (xub) &rhyme language, x3 of rimni &rhyme scheme, x4 of rimni &rhyme, x1 of rimni *rhyme, x1 |-s/alliterates with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching sound correspondence x4 (ka) /:/ [broad meaning of | - any matching sound correspondence] /=/ rimni (rim) &rhymed with, x2 of rimni *rhymes, x1 |/alliterates with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching sound correspondence x4 (ka) /:/ [broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound correspondence] /=/ rimni (rim) *rhythm (beat), x1 (sequence/non-text quote) is a |/beat of music/expressive form x2 /:/ [not necessarily oscillatory/regular pattern] /=/ rilti (ril) *rhythm (| danced to), x2 of: x1 (individual, mass) dances to accompaniment/music/| x2 /:/ /=/ dansu &rhythm, x1 of rilti &rhythmic, x2 of rilti *rib, x1 is a/the chest/thorax/upper trunk/[| cage/breast] [body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ cutne (cut) &ribbon material, x2 of dasri &ribbon, x1 of dasri *ribbon, x1 is a |/tape/strip/band/stripe of material x2 /:/ /=/ dasri (sri) &rice species, x2 of rismi &rice, x1 of rismi *rice, x1 is a quantity of | [a type of grain] of strain/cultivar x2 /:/ /=/ rismi (ris) &rich, x1 of ricfu *rich, x1 is |/wealthy in goods/possessions/property/aspect x2 /:/ /=/ ricfu (rif cfu) &riches, x2 of ricfu &ride in car, x2 of karce *rider (| of airplane), x2 of: x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo/| x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ vinji (vij) *rider (| of boat), x2 of: x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying | x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ bloti (lot blo lo'i) *rider (| of rocket), x3 of: x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 carrying payload/| x3 /:/ /=/ jakne *rider (| of vehicle), x2 of: x1 is a vehicle/mode of transport carrying | x2 in/on surface/medium x3, propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ marce (ma'e) *rider (| of wheeled motor vehicle), x2 of: x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying | x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ karce *rider (| of wheeled vehicle), x2 of: x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying | x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ carce &ridicule, person giving | x1 of ckasu *ridicule, x1 ridicules/mocks/scoffs at x2 about x3 (property/event) by doing activity x4 (event) /:/ /=/ ckasu (cas) &ridiculed about, x3 of ckasu &ridiculed, x2 of ckasu *ridicules, x1 |/mocks/scoffs at x2 about x3 (property/event) by doing activity x4 (event) /:/ /=/ ckasu (cas) &ridiculing, x4 of ckasu &ridiculous, x3 of ckasu *right (correct), x1 is correct/proper/|/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ drani (dra) *right (to the |), x1 is to the |/|-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ pritu *right ascension, x1 is x2 radian(s) [metric unit] in angular measure (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ [measured in degrees (julra'o); | [astronomical measurement] (= cacryra'o)] /=/ radno (ra'o) &right, x1 of pritu &right, x2 of zunle &right, frame for | x3 of pritu &right, possession | x3 of ponse &right, thing having to the | x2 of pritu &right-angle dimensionality, x3 of kurfa &right-angled, x1 of kurfa *right-angled, x1 is a | shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) /:/ [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)] /=/ kurfa (kur) *rigid, x1 is stiff/|/inflexible/resistant in direction x2 against force x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also sometimes: firm, hard; not limited to physical forces; e.g. mental rigidity] /=/ tinsa *rigidity, x1 is stiff/rigid/inflexible/resistant in direction x2 against force x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also sometimes: firm, hard; not limited to physical forces; e.g. mental |] /=/ tinsa *rim, x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a |, and is generally portable] /=/ palne *rim, x1 is a/the lip [body-part]/| of orifice x2 of body x3; (adjective:) x1 is labial /:/ /=/ ctebi (teb) *rind, x1 is a crust/|/peel/skin/hide/outer cover of x2 /:/ , gacri) /=/ pilka (pil pi'a) *ring (annulus, circle, torus), x1 is a |/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, outside diameter x4 /:/ [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)] /=/ djine (jin) *ring (circular shape, not necessarily hollow), x1 is round/circular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/| /:/ [normally used for a filled-in circle/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include '|'] /=/ cukla (cuk) *ring (collar), x1 is a collar/|/belt/band around/surrounding x2 made of material x3 /:/ [also sphincter] /=/ karli *ring (enclosure), x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a |/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) &ring inside diameter, x3 of djine &ring material, x2 of djine &ring outside diameter, x4 of djine &ring, x1 of djine &ring, x1 of janbe &ringed, x2 of karli *ringing (is |/surrounding), x1 encircles/encloses/is surrounding x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/| x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) *rings (property of a bell/chime), x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2 /:/ [also: x1 |/tolls (i.e. if it |, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)] /=/ janbe (jab) *ripe, x1 is mature/|/fully-grown/adult in development-quality x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ makcu (ma'u) *rise, x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/[|]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from land/mass x2 /:/ /=/ cmana (ma'a) *rising (metaphorical of growing/expanding), x1 grows/expands [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3 /:/ [also |, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increases] /=/ banro (ba'o) &risk, insured | x3 of binra *risks (invests), x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) /:/ [also ties up/[|/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)] /=/ zivle (ziv vle) &rite purpose, x2 of ritli &rite, x1 of ritli &rite, community with | x3 of ritli *rite, x1 is a |/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 /:/ [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs /=/ ritli (ri'i) *ritual (ceremony/rite), x1 is a rite/ceremony/| for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4 /:/ [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs /=/ ritli (ri'i) *ritual (courteous/polite behavior), x1 is polite/courteous/civil in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3 /:/ [also formal, |] /=/ clite (lit) *ritual (custom/habit), x1 is a custom/habit/[|/rut] of x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also: x1 is customary/usual/the practice] /=/ tcaci (cac) *ritual (| of a religion), x3 of: x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/|/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) &ritual form, x4 of ritli &ritual, governed by | x2 of ritli &ritualized, x2 of ritli *rival (competitor/opponent), x1 or x2 of: x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), |(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) &rival, x2 of damba &rival, x2 of jivna *rivals (competes with), x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 | x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) *river (flow), x1 is a current/flow/| of/in x2 flowing in direction to/toward x3 from direction/source x4 /:/ [x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (= camfle, sukfle)] /=/ flecu (fle) *river (geographical feature), x1 is a | of landmass x2, draining watershed x3 into x4/terminating at x4 /:/ /=/ rirxe (ri'e) &river, x1 of rirxe &river, fed by | x4 of rirxe &river, landmass with | x2 of rirxe &river, mouth of a | x4 of rirxe &road route, x4 of dargu &road start, x2 of dargu &road terminus, x3 of dargu &road, x1 of dargu *road, x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[|] at x2 accessing x3 /:/ [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it] /=/ klaji (laj) *road, x1 is a |/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered) /:/ [a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelling] /=/ dargu (dag) &robe material, x2 of pastu &robe, x1 of pastu *robe, x1 is a |/tunic/gown/cloak/dress/[coveralls] [a long/full body garment] of material x2 /:/ [also coveralls (= paspalku)] /=/ pastu (pas) *robed, x1 wears/is |/garbed in x2 as a garment of type x3 /:/ [x2 need not be intended for use as a garment (unlike taxfu)] /=/ dasni (das) &rock location, x3 of rokci &rock type, x2 of rokci &rock, x1 of rokci *rock, x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains |/stone of type/composition x2 from location x3 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ rokci (rok ro'i) &rocket, x1 of jakne &rocket, carried in | x3 of jakne &rocket, expelled by | x2 of jakne &rocket, jet of a | x2 of jakne &rocket, payload of a | x3 of jakne *rocket, x1 is a | [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 carrying payload x3 /:/ /=/ jakne &rod material, x2 of grana &rod, x1 of grana *rod, x1 is a |/pole/staff/stick/cane [shape/form] of material x2 /:/ /=/ grana (ga'a) *roil, x1 boils/evaporates at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [| (= febjicla)] /=/ febvi (feb) *roils, x1 (object, or event: force) stirs/mixes/[|/agitates] fluid (gas/liquid) x2 /:/ [convection (= nenflejicla); agentive stirring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)] /=/ jicla &role, x3 of sumti *role, x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its | in x2 /:/ [baffled (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1] /=/ fliba (fli) *role, x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or |], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfri)] /=/ cinse (cin) *roles (semantic |), x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among argument | x3, with affix(es) x4 /:/ [gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gi'uste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)] /=/ gismu (gim gi'u) &roles, x4 of girzu &roll, x1 of gunro *roll, x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also |, log]; (x2 is completely specified) /=/ liste (ste) *roll, x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller /:/ /=/ gunro (gur gu'o) &rolled on, surface | x2 of gunro *roller coaster, x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), |; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) *roller, x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a | /:/ /=/ gunro (gur gu'o) &rolling axis, x3 of gunro *rolls, x1 |/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller /:/ /=/ gunro (gur gu'o) *Roman, x1 reflects Latin/|/Romance culture/empire/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ latmo (la'o) *Romance, x1 reflects Latin/Roman/| culture/empire/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ latmo (la'o) &roof, x1 of drudi &roof, thing having | x2 of drudi *roof, x1 is a |/top/ceiling/lid of x2 /:/ over/above something and shelters it from other things above the drudi, mapku) /=/ drudi (rud dru) &roofed, x2 of drudi &room boundary, x3 of kumfa &room, x1 of kumfa &room, structure with | x2 of kumfa *room, x1 is a | of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ /=/ kumfa (kum ku'a) *room, x1 is space/volume/region/| [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2 /:/ [also occupy (= selca'u)] /=/ canlu (cal ca'u) *rooster, x1 is a chicken/[hen/cock/|]/small fowl [a type of bird] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jipci *root (body part), x1 is a | [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: immobile, supporting, nourishing] /:/ /=/ genja (gej) *root (edible), x1 is a quantity of cassava/taro/manioc/tapioca/yam [edible starchy |] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ samcu *root (origin/source), x1 (site/event) is a source/start/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process) /:/ [also | (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initial] /=/ krasi (kra) &root word affix, x4 of gismu &root word arguments, x3 of gismu &root word relation, x2 of gismu &root word, x1 of gismu *root word, x1 is a (Lojban) | expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es) x4 /:/ [gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gi'uste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)] /=/ gismu (gim gi'u) &root, x1 of genja &root, thing having | x2 of genja &rooted, x2 of genja *rope, x1 is cord/cable/|/line/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2 /:/ /=/ skori (sko) &rose species, x2 of rozgu &rose, x1 of rozgu *rose, x1 is a | [flower - characterized by prickly stem/fragrance] of species/strain x2 /:/ [roses are not all pink; avoid using for color |, which might be labyxu'e] /=/ rozgu (roz zgu) &rot, x1 of fusra *rot, x1 rots/decays/ferments with decay/fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten/decayed/fermented /:/ /=/ fusra (fur) &rotate, x2 of jendu *rotates (kind of oscillatory motion), x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), |, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) *rotates (of object with an axle/spindle), x2 of: x1 is an axle/spindle [tool] on which x2 |, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ jendu (jed) *rotates (| around axis), x1 turns/|/revolves around axis x2 in direction x3 /:/ [also revolve (= jincarna)] /=/ carna (car) *rotating (of a pulley), x1 is a pulley [tool] for performing action/function x2 | on axle x3 /:/ /=/ pulni *rotating (of a roller when rolling), x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 | on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller /:/ /=/ gunro (gur gu'o) &rotational direction, x3 of carna *rots, x1 |/decays/ferments with decay/fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten/decayed/fermented /:/ /=/ fusra (fur) &rotten, x1 of fusra *rotten, x1 rots/decays/ferments with decay/fermentation agent x2; x1 is |/decayed/fermented /:/ /=/ fusra (fur) &rotting agent, x2 of fusra &rough, x1 of rufsu *rough, x1 is |/coarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity /:/ [fine-textured (= tolrufsu)] /=/ rufsu (ruf) *round (circular), x1 is |/circular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/ring /:/ [normally used for a filled-in circle/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include 'ring'] /=/ cukla (cuk) *round (spherical), x1 is a ball/sphere/orb/globe [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [made of x2] /:/ [also |] /=/ bolci (bol boi) &round, x1 of cukla *rounded (bulb as metaphor for |), x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: |, bulgy] /:/ /=/ balji *rounded (buttocks as metaphor for |), x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: | surface, support] /:/ [also ass, behind, butt] /=/ zargu (zag za'u) *route (passageway), x1 is a doorway/gateway/access way between x2 and x3 of structure x4 /:/ [note: emphasis on | nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)] /=/ vorme (vor vro) *route (path/track/course), x1 is a |/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a | merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the | relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) *route (| of a leap), x4 of: x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 /:/ [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a |-like expression] /=/ plipe (pip pi'e) *route (| of a road), x4 of: x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with | x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered) /:/ [a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelling] /=/ dargu (dag) *route (| of canal/channel), x4 of: x1 is a canal/channel to x2 from x3 with | x4 /:/ [x2/x3 may be unordered] /=/ naxle (nax xle) *route (| of coming/going), x4 of: x1 comes/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via | x4 using means/vehicle x5 /:/ [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the | relevantly)] /=/ klama (kla) *route (| of excretio), x4 of: x1 [body] excretes waste x2 from source x3 via means/| x4 /:/ /=/ vikmi (vim vi'i) *route (| of leaving), x3 of: x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via | x3 /:/ [also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2] /=/ cliva (liv li'a) *route (| of movement), x4 of: x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/| x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) *route (| of travel), x2 of: x1 travels/journeys/goes/moves via | x2 using means/vehicle x3; x1 is a traveller /:/ (x2 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the | relevantly) /=/ litru (li'u) &route from, x3 of pluta &route of going, x4 of klama &route of leaving, x3 of cliva &route to, x2 of pluta &route traveled, x2 of litru &route, x1 of pluta &route, canal | x4 of naxle &route, point on | x4 of pluta &route, road | x4 of dargu &rub, x1 of satre *rub, x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 /:/ [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive | (= termosra)] /=/ mosra (mos) &rubbed against, x3 of mosra &rubbed, x2 of mosra &rubbed, x2 of satre &rubber composition, x3 of ckabu &rubber source, x2 of ckabu &rubber, x1 of ckabu *rubber, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of |/latex from source x2 of composition including x3 /:/ /=/ ckabu *rubbing, x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/| between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 /:/ [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)] /=/ mosra (mos) *ruble (sound clue, cultural example of general class), x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/|) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 /:/ [also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value] /=/ rupnu (rup ru'u) *rubs, x1 (agent) strokes/|/pets x2 with x3 /:/ [pet (= pamsa'e)] /=/ satre (sa'e) *rubs, x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 | x3 /:/ [also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)] /=/ mosra (mos) *ruddy, x1 is red/crimson/| [color adjective] /:/ /=/ xunre (xun xu'e) *rue, x1 regrets/|-s (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/|-ful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 /:/ [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)] /=/ xenru (xer xe'u) *rueful, x1 regrets/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/|/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 /:/ [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)] /=/ xenru (xer xe'u) *rues, x1 regrets/| (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2 /:/ [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)] /=/ xenru (xer xe'u) *rugged, x1 is rough/coarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/|] in texture/regularity /:/ [fine-textured (= tolrufsu)] /=/ rufsu (ruf) &ruined, something that has been | x2 of daspo *ruins, x1 (event) destroys/|/wrecks/despoils x2; x1 is destructive /:/ /=/ daspo (spo) *rule (arbitrate a |), x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = | (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) *rule (defining function), x1 is a function/single-valued mapping from domain x2 to range x3 defined by expression/| x4 /:/ /=/ fancu *rule (enforced), x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/|(s)/order x2 /:/ [police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)] /=/ pulji *rule (general: prescription/requirement), x1 is a | prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) *rule (obey a |), x1 obeys/follows the command/| x2 made by x3; (adjective:) x1 is obedient /:/ /=/ tinbe (tib) *rule (reign/govern), x1 governs/|-s/is |-r/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/| (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *rule (| of behavior/ moral standard), x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (individual/mass) about situation x3 /:/ [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a | or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)] /=/ marde (mad) *rule (| of inheritance), x1 is an heir to/is to inherit x2 (object/quality) from x3 according to | x4 /:/ [pedantically, inheriting an object should be a sumti-raising (tu'a if non-abstract in x2) of inheriting loka ponse the object - the ownership of the object (= po'ercerda, po'erselcerda for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cerda (ced) &rule for reference, x3 of manri &rule of inheritance, x4 of cerda &rule, x1 of javni &rule, ordering | x2 of porsi &rule, prescribed by | x2 of javni &rule, thing having | x3 of javni &rule, universe | x3 of munje *ruler (governor), x1 governs/rules/is |/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *rules (governs), x1 governs/|/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *rules (grammar |), x1 is the grammar/|/defining form of language x2 for structure/text x3 /:/ /=/ gerna (gen ge'a) *rules (| defining a dimension), x3 of: x1 (property - ka) is a dimension of space/object x2 according to |/model x3 /:/ /=/ cimde *rules (| defining a system), x2 of: x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, |; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] /=/ ciste (ci'e) *rules (| defining a universe), x3 of: x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by | x3 /:/ [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the |/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) *rules (| for interpeting mathematica;l expression), x2 of: x1 [quantifier/expression] is a mathematical expression interpreted under |/convention x2 /:/ /=/ mekso (mek me'o) *rules (| governing a frame of reference), x3 of: x1 is a frame of reference/standard for observing/measuring/determining x2, with/by | x3 /:/ (x1 may be object or si'o idea) /=/ manri (mar) *rules (| governing a ritual/ceremony), x4 of: x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/| x4 /:/ [also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is 'going through the motions']; x4 constraints/customs /=/ ritli (ri'i) *rules (| governing contradiction), x3 of: x1 (du'u) contradicts/denies/refutes/negates x2 (du'u) under |/logic x3 /:/ [also exception (= nafmupli); agentive contradicts/denies (= nafxu'a or nalselxu'a or tolxu'a) /=/ natfe (naf na'e) *rules (| governing logical entailment), x3 of: x1 logically necessitates/entails/implies action/event/state x2 under |/logic system x3 /:/ /=/ nibli (nib ni'i) *rules (| of abstraction/generalization), x3 of: x1 (si'o) is abstracted/generalized/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by | x3 /:/ /=/ sucta (suc) *rules (| of behavior/conduct), x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (individual/mass) about situation x3 /:/ [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or | of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)] /=/ marde (mad) *rules (| of logic), x1 [|/methods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du'u) /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical] /=/ logji (loj) *rules (| of sequencing), x2 of: x1 [ordered set] is sequenced/ordered/listed by comparison/| x2 on unordered set x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified) /=/ porsi (por poi) &rules for MEX, x2 of mekso &rules, abstraction | x3 of sucta &run, x1 of bajra *rune, x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 /:/ [also x1 glyph, |, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol] /=/ lerfu (ler le'u) *runner (ski), x1 is a ski/skid/skate/| for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/cargo x3 /:/ /=/ skiji (sij) &runner, x1 of bajra *runner, x1 runs on surface x2 using limbs x3 with gait x4; x1 is a | /:/ /=/ bajra (baj) &running gait, x4 of bajra &running limbs, x3 of bajra &running surface, x2 of bajra &running, track for | x2 of bajra *runny (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 melts [becomes liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [x1 runs (= rumfle)] /=/ runme (rum) *runs (melts), x1 melts [becomes liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [x1 | (= rumfle)] /=/ runme (rum) *runs (moves quickly on foot), x1 | on surface x2 using limbs x3 with gait x4 /:/ /=/ bajra (baj) *runs (operates), x1 operates/drives/| x2 [apparatus/machine] with goal/objective/use/end/function x3 /:/ /=/ sazri (saz) *runs into, x1 collides with/crashes/bumps/| x2 /:/ (also collide = simjanli for a collision between two moving objects) /=/ janli (jal) *rupee, x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 /:/ [also pound, |, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value] /=/ rupnu (rup ru'u) &rural of, x2 of nurma &rural, x1 of nurma *rural, x1 is a |/rustic/pastoral area of x2; x1 is in the country /:/ /=/ nurma (num) *Russian (pertaining to Russia proper), x1 reflects | culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ rusko (ruk ru'o) *Russian (pertaining to the Russian Empire/Soviet Union), x1 reflects | empire/USSR/ex-USSR/CIS culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ softo (sof) &Russian aspect, x2 of rusko &Russian, x1 of rusko *rustic, x1 is a rural/|/pastoral area of x2; x1 is in the country /:/ /=/ nurma (num) *rut, x1 is a custom/habit/[ritual/|] of x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also: x1 is customary/usual/the practice] /=/ tcaci (cac) &rye species, x2 of mraji &rye, x1 of mraji *rye, x1 is a quantity of | [grain] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ mraji *saccharine (sugar-like substance), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; |/aspartame/sugar substitute (sakybasti, basysakta, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ sakta (sat) *saccharine (sweet/sugary), x1 is sweet/sugary/| to observer x2 /:/ /=/ titla (tit) &sack, x1 of dakli &sack, contents of | x2 of dakli &sack, material of | x3 of dakli *sack, x1 is a |/bag with contents x2, and of material x3 /:/ /=/ dakli *sacred, x1 is holy/| to person/people/culture/religion/cult/group x2 /:/ /=/ censa (ces) &sad, someone | x1 of badri *sad, x1 is |/depressed/dejected/[unhappy/feels sorrow/grief] about x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ badri (dri) &sadness, object of | x2 of badri *safe, x1 is secure/| from threat x2 (event) /:/ /=/ snura (nur nu'a) *sage, x1 is wise/| about matter x2 (abstraction) to observer x3 /:/ /=/ prije (pij) &said, x2 of cusku &sail, x1 of falnu &sail, fill | x2 of falnu *sail, x1 is a | for gathering propelling material x2 on vehicle/motor x3 /:/ [waterwheel (= jacfanxi'u)] /=/ falnu (fan) &sailing craft, x3 of falnu &sailing craft, propellant of | x2 of falnu *saintly, x1 is virtuous/|/[fine/moral/nice/holy/morally good] by standard x2 /:/ [holy/| (= cesyvu'e)] /=/ vrude (vud vu'e) &salad ingredients, x2 of salta &salad, x1 of salta *salad, x1 (mass) is a quantity of | [food] with ingredients/components including x2 /:/ [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1] /=/ salta &salary, x2 of jerna *salary, x2 of: x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/|/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity) /:/ [also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna @sale (at reduced price), consider metaphor "costly-less-offer" (= kargymecfriti), "costly-less-sell" (= kargyme'ave'u), "less-price-offer" (= mecyxelvenfriti), "less-price-sell" (mecyxelvenfriti) &sale cost, x4 of vecnu @sale price, consider metaphor "less-price" (mecyxelve'u) *sale, x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for | (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) *salesman, x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/|/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) %salesman, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u *salesperson, x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a |/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) %salesperson, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u *saliva (something expectorated), x2 of: x1 spits/expectorates x2 [predominantly liquid] from x3 to/onto x4 /:/ [|/spit/sputum/spittle (= molselpu'u)] /=/ sputu (put pu'u) @saliva, consider metaphor "mouth-secretion" (= molselcigla) &salt composition, x3 of silna &salt source, x2 of silna &salt, x1 of silna *salt, x1 is a portion/quantity of | from source x2, of composition including x3 /:/ /=/ silna *same (echo/reflection), x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1 /:/ [also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the | as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection] /=/ minra (mir) *same (identical), x1 is the |/identical thing as x2 by standard x3; (x1 and x2 interchangeable) /:/ /=/ mintu (mit mi'u) *same (in amount, congruent), x1 is equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [| in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); 'analogy' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)] /=/ dunli (dun du'i) *same generation, x1 is cousin to x2 by bond/tie x3; [non-immediate family member, default |] /:/ [probably preferred for metaphorical siblings (over bruna)] /=/ tamne *same thing (do the | to each other), x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) /:/ [members of x1 do to each other/one another x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the | x2 to each other] /=/ simxu (sim si'u) *same thing (recurrence), x1 (event) is the x3'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1 /:/ [also case, | again, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion] /=/ krefu (ref ke'u) *same thing (repeated action), x1 [action] is the | repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences /:/ [practice (= rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)] /=/ rapli (rap) &same, x1 of mintu &same, thing having as | x2 of mintu &sameness standard, x3 of mintu *sample, x1 is an example/|/specimen/instance/case/illustration of common property(s) x2 of set x3 /:/ /=/ mupli (mup) *sanctuary (religious), x1 is a temple/church/|/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving area x3 /:/ [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)] /=/ malsi (mas) @sanctuary, see also "shelter" &sand composition, x3 of canre &sand source, x2 of canre &sand, x1 of canre *sand, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of |/grit from source x2 of composition including x3 /:/ [also abrasive (= gukcanre)] /=/ canre (can) *sandal, x1 is a shoe/boot/| for covering/protecting [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3 /:/ [also boot (= tupcutci)] /=/ cutci (cuc) &sandwich filling, x2 of snuji &sandwich outside, x3 of snuji &sandwich, x1 of snuji @sandwich, see also "layer" *sandwich, x1 is a |/layering [not restricted to food] of x2 sandwiched between x3 /:/ /=/ snuji (nuj) *sandwiched (| between), x2 of: x1 is a sandwich/layering [not restricted to food] of x2 | between x3 /:/ /=/ snuji (nuj) &sandwiched, x2 of snuji &sandy, x2 of canre &sane, x1 of racli *sane, x1 (action/activity/behavior) is |/rational by standard x2 /:/ /=/ racli &sanity standard, x2 of racli &Sanskrit aspect, x2 of srito &Sanskrit, x1 of srito *Sanskrit, x1 reflects | language/Sanskritic/Vedic culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ srito *Sanskritic, x1 reflects Sanskrit language/|/Vedic culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ srito &sat on, x2 of zutse *satellite (natural |), x1 is Earth's moon (default); x1 is a major natural |/moon of planet x2 /:/ /=/ lunra (lur) *satellite (orbiting body), x1 is a |/moon orbiting x2 with characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4 /:/ /=/ mluni (lun) &satellite orbit, x4 of mluni &satellite primary, x2 of mluni &satellite property, x3 of mluni &satellite, x1 of mluni *satisfaction (pride), x1 (person) feels/has pride in/about x2 (abstraction) /:/ [an emotional combination of | and respect/esteem towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specific tie to emoter; self-pride (= se'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu'a for pride in non-specific actions/properties of someone] /=/ jgira (jgi) &satisfaction, x3 of mansa &satisfied by, thing | x2 of banzu &satisfied, x2 of mansa *satisfies, x1 | evaluator x2 in property (ka)/state x3 /:/ /=/ mansa &satisfy, x1 of mansa *satisfy, x1 |-es evaluator x2 in property (ka)/state x3 /:/ /=/ mansa *saturated, x1 is intense/bright/|/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)] /=/ carmi (cam cai) *saturation, x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased | (with opposite kandi)] /=/ carmi (cam cai) &sauce ingredient, x3 of sanso &sauce, x1 of sanso &sauce, with | x2 of sanso *sauce, x1 is a |/topping/gravy/frosting for use with x2, containing ingredient(s) including x3 /:/ [x3 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of | x1] /=/ sanso *saucer, x1 is a plate/dish/platter/| [flat/mildly concave food service bed] made of material x2 /:/ /=/ palta &Saudi aspect, x2 of sadjo &Saudi, x1 of sadjo *Saudi, x1 reflects | Arabian culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ sadjo (djo) *saxophone, x1 is a oboe/clarinet/| [reed musical instrument] with reed x2 /:/ /=/ xagri &say, x1 of cusku *say, x1 emphasizes/accentuates/gives emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3 /:/ [also: | forcefully] /=/ basna *says (asserts), x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] /:/ [also: x1 states/| that/affirms/purports to know that x2] /=/ xusra (xus xu'a) *says (comments), x1 (text) is a comment/remark/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also: x3 comments/remarks/| x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)] /=/ pinka (pik) *says (general: expresses), x1 (agent) expresses/| x2 (sedu'u/text/lu'e concept) for audience x3 via expressive medium x4 /:/ [also |] /=/ cusku (cus sku) *says (utters aloud), x1 utters verbally/|/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2 /:/ [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('|' is usually cusku)] /=/ bacru (ba'u) *says hello, x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/| to]/responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 (action) /:/ /=/ rinsa *scabrous, x1 is rough/coarse/uneven/[grainy/|/rugged] in texture/regularity /:/ [fine-textured (= tolrufsu)] /=/ rufsu (ruf) *scaffold, x1 is a stage/platform/dais/[|] at/in x2 supporting x3, made of material x4 /:/ (x3 object/event) /=/ tsina (sin) *scale (basis for contrariness/opposites), x1 is polar opposite from/contrary to x2 in property/on | x3 (property/si'o) /:/ /=/ dukti (dut) *scale (standard for quantification), x3 of: x1 is a quantity quantified/measured/enumerated by x2 (quantifier) on | x3 (si'o) /:/ [also count] /=/ klani (lai) *scale (| of measurement), x4 of: x1 (agent) measures/evaluates x2 [quantity] as x3 units on | x4 (si'o), with accuracy x5 /:/ /=/ merli (mre) *scale (| of units), x1 (si'o) is a | of units for measuring/observing/determining x2 (state) /:/ /=/ ckilu (ci'u) *scale (| with neutral position), x2 of: x1 is neutral/not taking sides/medial/not towards any extreme on |/in dissension x2 /:/ [also x2 dispute/struggle (though x2 is not limited to disagreements, which is merely one manifestation of scalar or distributed values in which there is a medial position)] /=/ nutli (nul nu'i) *scale (| with units/degrees), x2 of: x1 [magnitude] is a unit/degree of/on |/reference standard x2 (si'o) measuring property x3 /:/ [also grade, level, point; x3 dimension] /=/ gradu (rau) &scale of amount abstract, x2 of ni broda &scale of opposites, x3 of dukti &scale of quantity, x3 of klani &scale with neutral, x2 of nutli &scale, x1 of ckilu &scale, measured on | x2 of ckilu &scale, measuring | x4 of merli @scale, see also "neutral" *scallions, x1 is a quantity of/contains onions/| of type/cultivar x2 /:/ /=/ sluni *scanty, x1 is poor/indigent/impoverished/lacking in goods/possessions/property x2 /:/ x2 is |/meager for x1 /=/ pindi (pid) *scared, x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/|/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object) /:/ [x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)] /=/ terpa (tep te'a) *scary, x2 of: x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object) /:/ [x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/| to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)] /=/ terpa (tep te'a) *scene, x1 is the view/|/panorama/sight/prospect of x2 (object/location) from point-of-view x3 /:/ [also x1 is on display to x2/x3] /=/ jvinu (vin ji'u) *scent (odor/fragrance), x1 is an odor/fragrance/|/smell emitted by x2 and detected by observer/sensor x3 /:/ [an undetected emitter is odorless to the observer] /=/ panci (pan) *scent (property of an object that is smelled), x2 of: x1 (experiencer) smells/scents (transitive verb) x2; x2 smells/has odor/| to observer x1 /:/ /=/ sumne *scents, x1 (experiencer) smells/| (transitive verb) x2; x2 smells/has odor/scent to observer x1 /:/ /=/ sumne *schematic, x2 of: x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[|] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) &scheme, rhyme | x4 of rimni *scheme, x2 of: x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, |; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) *scholar, x1 studies/is a student of x2; x1 is a |; (adjective:) x1 is scholarly /:/ /=/ tadni (tad) *scholarly, x1 studies/is a student of x2; x1 is a scholar; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ /=/ tadni (tad) &school location, x2 of ckule &school subject, x3 of ckule &school, x1 of ckule &school, attend | x4 of ckule &school, operate | x5 of ckule *school, x1 is |/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audience/community x4 operated by x5 /:/ [also college, university] /=/ ckule (kul cu'e) &science methodology, x3 of saske &science subject, x2 of saske &science, x1 of saske *science, x1 (mass of facts) is | of/about subject matter x2 based on methodology x3 /:/ [not limited to | as derived by the scientific method, but pertaining to any body of usually-coherent knowledge garnered/gathered/assembled by a consistent methodology] /=/ saske (ske) *scientific method (as a definition of science), x1 (mass of facts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on methodology x3 /:/ [not limited to science as derived by the |, but pertaining to any body of usually-coherent knowledge garnered/gathered/assembled by a consistent methodology] /=/ saske (ske) *scissors, x1 is a pair of shears/| for cutting x2 /:/ /=/ jinci *scoff, x1 ridicules/mocks/|-s at x2 about x3 (property/event) by doing activity x4 (event) /:/ /=/ ckasu (cas) *scoffs, x1 ridicules/mocks/| at x2 about x3 (property/event) by doing activity x4 (event) /:/ /=/ ckasu (cas) *scoop, x1 is a spoon/| (tool) for use x2, made of material x3 /:/ /=/ smuci (muc) *scope (range/extent), x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/|/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) &scope, x2 of ranji &Scottish aspect, x2 of skoto &Scottish, x1 of skoto *Scottish, x1 reflects Gaelic/| culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ [Irish (= sicko'o), | (= sunko'o), Celtic (= dzeko'o), Welsh (= nanko'o), Breton (= fasko'o); since |/Gaelic is only the northern branch of the Celtic tribes, many would prefer a le'avla for Celtic; nationalism might also demand a separate le'avla for Irish] /=/ skoto (kot ko'o) &scrape, x1 of guska *scrape, x1 blade/|-r/erosive |-s/erodes/abrades x2 from x3 /:/ [abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska)] /=/ guska (guk) &scraped from, x3 of guska &scraped, x2 of guska *scraper, x1 blade/|/erosive scrapes/erodes/abrades x2 from x3 /:/ [abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska)] /=/ guska (guk) *scrapes, x1 blade/scraper/erosive |/erodes/abrades x2 from x3 /:/ [abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska)] /=/ guska (guk) &scratch, x1 of sraku *scratch, x1 [abrasive/cutting/|-ing object/implement] |-es/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] x2 /:/ , spali) /=/ sraku (rak) &scratched, x2 of sraku *scratches, x1 [abrasive/cutting/scratching object/implement] |/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] x2 /:/ , spali) /=/ sraku (rak) *scratching (| implement), x1 [abrasive/cutting/| object/implement] scratches/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] x2 /:/ , spali) /=/ sraku (rak) *scream, x1 utters moan/groan/howl/| [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) *screen (video/CRT |), x1 is a video monitor/CRT/| [machine] serving function x2 /:/ /=/ vidni &screened, x2 of julne &screw body, x4 of klupe &screw thread, x3 of klupe &screw, x1 of klupe &screw, use for | x2 of klupe *screw, x1 is a | [fastener] for purpose x2, threads [pitch, material] x3, frame [size, material] x4 /:/ [also bolt] /=/ klupe (lup lu'e) *scribe, x1 inscribes/writes x2 on display/storage medium x3 with writing implement x4; x1 is a | /:/ [also x3 writing surface] /=/ ciska (ci'a) *scrotum, x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/|/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ] /=/ ganti *scrubs (wipes/rubs), x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 /:/ [also x2 |/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)] /=/ mosra (mos) &sea fluid, x3 of xamsi *sea level (reference for highness), x3 of: x1 is high/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 /:/ [also upper] /=/ galtu (gal ga'u) &sea, x1 of xamsi &sea, planet with | x2 of xamsi *sea, x1 is a |/ocean/gulf/[atmosphere] of planet x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine /:/ [also atmosphere (= varxamsi, varsenta)] /=/ xamsi (xas) *seal, x1 is a lock/| of/on/for sealing x2 with/by locking mechanism x3 /:/ /=/ stela (tel) *sealed, x1 is a can/tightly |/pre-| container for perishable contents x2, made of x3 /:/ /=/ lante *sealing, x1 is a lock/seal of/on/for | x2 with/by locking mechanism x3 /:/ /=/ stela (tel) *searches, x1 seeks/|/looks for property x2 among set x3 (complete specification of set) /:/ [if searching for an object or an event, use tu'a in x2] /=/ sisku (sis) *season (cyclical interval, usually annual), x1 is a |/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 /:/ [also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year] /=/ citsi &season, x1 of citsi &season, define | x2 of citsi *season, x1 is autumn/fall [harvest/cooling |] of year x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ critu *season, x1 is spring/springtime [warming |] of year x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is vernal /:/ /=/ vensa (ves) *season, x1 is summer/summertime [hot |] of year x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ crisa (cis) *season, x1 is winter/wintertime [cold |] of year x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ dunra (dur) &season, year of | x3 of citsi *seasonal, x1 is a season/is | [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3 /:/ [also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year] /=/ citsi *seasoned (food | to invoke taste), x2 of: x1 (ka) is a taste/flavor of/emitted by x2; x2 tastes of/like x1 /:/ [also: x2 tastes of seasoning x1, x1 is a | flavor of x2; x2 is | to taste of x1 (= tsapyvu'i)] /=/ vrusi (vus vu'i) *seasoned flavor, x1 (ka) is a taste/flavor of/emitted by x2; x2 tastes of/like x1 /:/ [also: x2 tastes of seasoning x1, x1 is a | flavor of x2 (= tsapyvu'i)] /=/ vrusi (vus vu'i) *seasoning (emitter of flavor), x1 (ka) is a taste/flavor of/emitted by x2; x2 tastes of/like x1 /:/ [also: x2 tastes of | x1, x1 is a seasoned flavor of x2 (= tsapyvu'i)] /=/ vrusi (vus vu'i) *seasoning (spice/condiment), x1 is a |/condiment/spice causing flavor/effect x2 (event/property) /:/ [also: x1 flavors x2 (tu'a)] /=/ tsapi &seasoning effect, x2 of tsapi &seasoning, x1 of tsapi *seat (body part), x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/| [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support] /:/ [also ass, behind, butt] /=/ zargu (zag za'u) *seat (furniture), x1 is a chair/stool/|/bench, a piece or portion of a piece of furniture intended for sitting /:/ /=/ stizu (tiz) &second standard, x3 of snidu &second, x1 of snidu *second, x1 is x2 seconds in duration (default is 1 |) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ snidu (nid) *seconds (as part of time of day), x1 [hours, {minutes}, {|}] is the time/hour of state/event x2 on day x3 at location x4 /:/ [also o'clock]; (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi) /=/ tcika *seconds (duration), x1 is x2 | in duration (default is 1 second) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ snidu (nid) &seconds, duration in | x2 of snidu &seconds, quantity in | x2 of snidu &secrecy method, x4 of mipri *secret (kept hidden), x2 of: x1 keeps x2 |/hidden from x3 by method x4; x2 is a |; x1 hides/conceals x2 /:/ [intransitive hidden/|, without an agent (= selcri or nalterju'o); | (= selmipri)] /=/ mipri (mip) *secret (private), x1 is private/personal/privy/[|/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden /:/ [also: x1 is | (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)] /=/ sivni (siv) &secret from, kept | x3 of mipri &secret, x1 of mipri &secret, kept | x2 of mipri *secreting (of a gland), x1 is a/the gland [body-part] | x2, of body x3; x2 is a secretion of x1 /:/ [secretion (= selcigla)] /=/ cigla (cig) &secretion, x2 of cigla *secretion, x1 is a/the gland [body-part] secreting x2, of body x3; x2 is a | of x1 /:/ [| (= selcigla)] /=/ cigla (cig) §ion, x3 of fendi *sections, x3 of: x1 (agent) divides/partitions/separates x2 into |/parts/individuals x3 by method/partition x4 (an object in x4 usually requires tu'a) /:/ [also segments] /=/ fendi (fed) &secure, x1 of snura *secure, x1 is |/safe from threat x2 (event) /:/ /=/ snura (nur nu'a) &secured against, x2 of snura *secures, x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event) /:/ [also | (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)] /=/ bandu (bad) &see reflection, x3 of minra &see, x1 of viska &see, can't | x2 of canci *see, x1 sees/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "|" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"] /=/ viska (vis vi'a) *seed (basis for a brew, as coffee), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2 /:/ [brew based on a |/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum] /=/ ckafi (kaf) *seed (general term), x1(s) is/are (a) |(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 /:/ [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] /=/ tsiju (tsi) *seed (legume), x1 is a bean/pea/leguminous | from plant [legume] x2 /:/ /=/ dembi (deb) &seed offspring, x3 of tsiju &seed, x1 of tsiju &seed, organism with | x2 of tsiju &seed-bearing, x2 of tsiju *seeds, x1(s) is/are (a) |/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 /:/ [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; | generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] /=/ tsiju (tsi) &seeing conditions, x3 of viska %seeing, x1 is a vision, an event of x2 viewing/|/perceiving visually x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived] /=/ nunvi'a &seek, x1 of sisku *seek, x1 |-s/searches/looks for property x2 among set x3 (complete specification of set) /:/ [if searching for an object or an event, use tu'a in x2] /=/ sisku (sis) *seeks (for property, not necessarily existent), x1 |/searches/looks for property x2 among set x3 (complete specification of set) /:/ [if searching for an object or an event, use tu'a in x2] /=/ sisku (sis) &seem, x1 of simlu &seeming conditions, x4 of simlu *seems, x1 |/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also: x1 | like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)] /=/ simlu (mlu) *seen (accepted as meaning), x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/|/accepted/understood by x3 /:/ [referential meaning (=selsni, snismu)] /=/ smuni (mun smu) &seen, x2 of viska *seen, x1 is/appears to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/| by x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [conditions may include lighting, background, etc.] /=/ skari (ska) *sees (accepts as meaning), x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted/understood by x3; x3 | interpretation/meaning x2 in x1 /:/ [referential meaning (=selsni, snismu)] /=/ smuni (mun smu) &sees vanish, x3 of canci *sees, x1 |/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"] /=/ viska (vis vi'a) *segment (lateral subtending an angle), x3 of: x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [|] x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (| x3 can be defined by interval)] /=/ jganu (jga) *segment (portion), x1 is a part/component/piece/portion/| of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1 /:/ [partly (= selpau)] /=/ pagbu (pag pau) *segment (straight line |), x1 is straight/direct/line |/interval between x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is linear /:/ [A line segment within a line defines an interval; the segment which defines an interval should be the shortest/most direct crossing/spanning of that interval] /=/ sirji (sir) *segments, x3 of: x1 (agent) divides/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/individuals x3 by method/partition x4 (an object in x4 usually requires tu'a) /:/ [also |] /=/ fendi (fed) *seizes (captures), x1 captures/catches/apprehends/|/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 /:/ [catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)] /=/ kavbu (kav) *seizes (grasps), x1 grasps/holds/clutches/|/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2) /:/ [hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)] /=/ jgari (jai) *seizes (takes), x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/|/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied] /=/ lebna (leb le'a) &selection, domain for | x3 of cuxna *selects, x1 chooses/| x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set) /:/ [also prefer (= nelcu'a)] /=/ cuxna (cux cu'a) *self (|-assumed nobility), x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include |-assumed titles] /=/ nobli (nol no'i) *self deception, x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); | (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) &self of, x2 of sevzi *self propelled, x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4 /:/ [also mobile (= co'ermu'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri'a), | (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu'u)] /=/ muvdu (muv mu'u) &self, x1 of sevzi *self, x1 is a |/ego/id/identity-image of x2 /:/ /=/ sevzi (sez se'i) *self-assumed (| titles), x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include | titles] /=/ nobli (nol no'i) *self-directed, x1 is a | entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 /:/ [also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end] /=/ zukte (zuk zu'e) *self-image, x1 is a self/ego/id/identity-| of x2 /:/ /=/ sevzi (sez se'i) *self-pride, x1 (person) feels/has pride in/about x2 (abstraction) /:/ [an emotional combination of satisfaction and respect/esteem towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specific tie to emoter; | (= se'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu'a for pride in non-specific actions/properties of someone] /=/ jgira (jgi) *sell insurance, x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril/loss x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event) /:/ [|/purchase insurance (= binryve'u), premium (= binrydi'a, or ve binryve'u)] /=/ binra &sell, x1 of vecnu *sell, x1 [|-er] |-s/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) *seller (setter of a price), x4 of: x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor/offeror/| x4 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the |, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)] /=/ jdima (di'a) *seller (vendor in a sales transaction), x1 [|] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) &seller, x1 of vecnu %seller, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u *selling, x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) |/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of |/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) %selling, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u *sells, x1 [seller] |/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) *semantic effect (| of punctuation, x4 of: x1 (agent) punctuates x2 (expression) with symbol/word x3 with syntactic effect/| x4 /:/ /=/ pandi (pad) *semantics (| of article descriptor), x1 is an article/descriptor labelling description x2 (text) in language x3 with | x4 /:/ [x2 is the noun phrase/sumti without the article/descriptor; description ((x1 with x2) = gadysu'i); note: 'determiner' has become the accepted general linguistics term, displacing 'article'; however, 'determiner' includes all words that can introduce a noun phrase/sumti, whether a description or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (especially in indefinites) like ci and su'o, and demonstratives like ti, ta, and tu; the term 'descriptor' in Lojban, is limited to words that introduce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma'o LA and LE, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; 'article' typically refers only to a single word; Lojban assumes the broader meaning] /=/ gadri (gad) &semantics, article | x4 of gadri @sematics, see also "meaning" *semi-, x1 is exactly/approximately half/|/demi-/hemi- of x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ xadba (xab) *semi-permeable, x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway, but also perhaps a | membrane] /=/ ganlo (ga'o) *semisolid, x1 is a quantity of jelly/| [texture] of material/composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is gelatinous] /=/ jduli (dul jdu) &Semitic aspect, x2 of semto &Semitic, x1 of semto *Semitic, x1 reflects | [metaphor: Middle-Eastern] language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ [| includes Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Ethiopian, among others] /=/ semto (sme) *sen, x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also pfennig, paisa, |, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) &send message, x3 of notci *send, x1 transfers/|-s/transmits x2 to/towards receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 /:/ [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier] /=/ benji (bej be'i) *sends, x1 transfers/|/transmits x2 to/towards receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 /:/ [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier] /=/ benji (bej be'i) *sense (means of observation), x3 of: x1 observes/[notices]/watches/beholds x2 using |/means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [behold/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)] /=/ zgana (zga) *sense (means of sensing), x3 of: x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 |/sensory channel(s)] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) *sense (| detecting bitterness, x2 of: x1 is bitter/acrid/sharply disagreeable to observer/| x2 /:/ /=/ kurki *sense (| detecting deliciousness), x2 of: x1 is delicious/tasty/delightful to observer/| x2 [person, or sensory activity] /:/ [x1 is a delicacy] /=/ kukte (kuk) *sense (| detecting pungency/spiciness), x2 of: x1 is pungent/piquant/peppery/spicy to | x2 /:/ [also prickly (= pe'urcpina)] /=/ cpina *sense (| losing track of vanishing object/phenomenon), x3 of: x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using |/sensor x3 /:/ [also leaves, goes away (one sense)] /=/ canci &sense employed, x3 of ganse &sense, x1 of ganse &sense, observing | x3 of zgana &sensed, x2 of ganse *senses (detects), x1 [observer] |/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) &sensing conditions, x4 of ganse *sensitive, x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is | to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) *sensor (| detecting odor), x1 is an odor/fragrance/scent/smell emitted by x2 and detected by observer/| x3 /:/ [an undetected emitter is odorless to the observer] /=/ panci (pan) *sensor (| losing track of vanishing object/phenomenon), x1 vanishes/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/| x3 /:/ [also leaves, goes away (one sense)] /=/ canci &sensor which doesn't detect vanished object, x3 of canci *sensory activity (| detecting deliciousness), x1 is delicious/tasty/delightful to observer/sense x2 [person, or |] /:/ [x1 is a delicacy] /=/ kukte (kuk) *sensory apparatus (ear as metaphor for |), x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: | apparatus, information gathering] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is aural] /=/ kerlo (ker) *sensory apparatus (eye as metaphor for |), x1 is a/the eye [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: | apparatus]; (adjective:) x1 is ocular /:/ [x1 is optic] /=/ kanla (kal) *sensory channel (means of sensing), x3 of: x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to | input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/|] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) *sensory channel (| detecting/overwhelmed by noise), x3 of: x1 is a noise/din/clamor [| input without useful information] to x2 via | x3 /:/ /=/ savru (sav vru) &sentence language, x3 of jufra &sentence subject, x2 of jufra &sentence, x1 of jufra *sentence, x1 (text) is a |/statement about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/focus] in language x3 /:/ /=/ jufra (juf ju'a) *sentinel, x1 observes/[notices]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [behold/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/| (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)] /=/ zgana (zga) *separate (apart), x1 is apart/| from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) &separate [v], x3 of sepli &separated from, x2 of sepli *separated, x1 is apart/separate from x2, | by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) *separates (leaves from), x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/| from x2 via route x3 /:/ [also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2] /=/ cliva (liv li'a) *separates (partitions), x1 (agent) divides/partitions/| x2 into sections/parts/individuals x3 by method/partition x4 (an object in x4 usually requires tu'a) /:/ [also segments] /=/ fendi (fed) &separates, x2 of ragve *separating (of a wall/fence), x1 is a wall/fence | x2 and x3 (unordered) of/in structure x4 /:/ /=/ bitmu (bim bi'u) *separating medium, x3 of: x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/| x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) &separator, x3 of sepli *sequel, x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also |, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) *sequence (basis for adjacency), x3 of: x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/| x3 in direction x4 /:/ [also touching, contiguous, against] /=/ lamji (lam la'i) *sequence (time | indicating future), x3 of: x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time |; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) *sequence (time | indicating past), x3 of: x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time |; x1 is former; x2 is latter /:/ [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fa'opru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mu'opru)] /=/ purci (pur pru) *sequence (| in reverse order), x1 or x2 of: x1 [|] is in reverse order from x2 [|]; x1 (object) is inverted from x2 (object) /:/ [also opposite (one sense)] /=/ fatne (fat fa'e) *sequence (| of alternatives chosen from), x3 of: x1 chooses/selects x2 [choice] from set/| of alternatives x3 (complete set) /:/ [also prefer (= nelcu'a)] /=/ cuxna (cux cu'a) *sequence (| of items in a list), x2 of: x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of |/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified) /=/ liste (ste) *sequence (| of joined objects), x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union /:/ [also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, | of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a |)] /=/ jorne (jon jo'e) *sequence (| of states in oscillation/cycle), x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/|-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) &sequence base set, x3 of porsi &sequence for ordinal, x3 of # moi &sequence preceded in, x3 of lidne &sequence, x1 of porsi &sequence, x2 of porsi &sequence, x3 of lamji *sequence, x1 [ordered set] is |-d/ordered/listed by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified) /=/ porsi (por poi) *sequence, x1 precedes/leads x2 in | x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli'e for reordered places)]; (cf. purci for time |) /=/ lidne (li'e) &sequenced set, ordinal item in | x1 of # moi &sequenced, x1 of porsi *sequenced, x1 [ordered set] is |/ordered/listed by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified) /=/ porsi (por poi) *serial (of an ordered set), x1 [ordered set] is sequenced/ordered/listed by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is |]; (sets are completely specified) /=/ porsi (por poi) &serious, x1 of junri *serious, x1 (person) is |/earnest/has gravity about x2 (event/state/activity) /:/ [also solemn (= drijunri, ri'irjunri, tcejunri)] /=/ junri (jur) &seriousne subject, x2 of junri *serpent, x1 is a snake/| of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ since *serum, x1 is a vaccine/immune-system stimulant protecting x2 against disease x3 introduced by method x4 /:/ [also |; inoculation (= jestu'u veljinku)] /=/ jinku *servant, x1 (agent) serves x2 with service x3 (activity); x1 is a | [noun] of x2 performing x3 /:/ /=/ selfu (sef se'u) *serve on a jury, x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract) /:/ [x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), | (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)] /=/ pajni (pai) &serve, x1 of selfu *serve, x1 (agent) |-s x2 with |-ice x3 (activity); x1 is a |-ant [noun] of x2 performing x3 /:/ /=/ selfu (sef se'u) &served in bar, x2 of barja &served, x2 of selfu *serves (provides service), x1 (agent) | x2 with service x3 (activity); x1 is a servant [noun] of x2 performing x3 /:/ /=/ selfu (sef se'u) *service (deserving of reward/payment), x3 of: x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/| x3 (activity) /:/ [also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna *service (food | bed), x1 is a plate/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave food | bed] made of material x2 /:/ /=/ palta *service (provided by a server/servant), x3 of: x1 (agent) serves x2 with | x3 (activity); x1 is a servant [noun] of x2 performing x3 /:/ /=/ selfu (sef se'u) *service (something traded), x2 or x3 of: x1 exchanges/trades/barters commodity/| x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics) /=/ canja (caj) *service (| resulting in debt), x4 of: x1 owes x2 in debt/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [|, loan]; x1 is a debtor /:/ /=/ dejni (dej) *service (| sold), x2 of: x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/|/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) &service, x3 of selfu %service, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u *services (taxed |), x2 of: x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/|/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4 /:/ [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] /=/ cteki (tek ce'i) *services (| invoiced for), x2 of: x1 is an account/bill/invoice for goods/| x2, billed to x3 by x4 /:/ /=/ janta (jat) *services (| paid for), x4 of: x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/| x4 /:/ [also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle'i, po'ervelyle'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle'i, le'irjbera)] /=/ pleji (lej le'i) *serving (of a restaurant), x1 is a restaurant/cafe/diner | type-of-food x2 to audience x3 /:/ /=/ gusta *serving (of a tavern/pub), x1 is a tavern/bar/pub | x2 to audience/patrons x3 /:/ /=/ barja &set counted, x2 of kancu &set exemplified, x3 of mupli &set listed, x2 of liste &set of member, x2 of cmima &set price, x4 of jdima &set sought in, x3 of sisku &set with cardinality, x2 of # mei &set with common property, x2 of kampu &set with norm, x3 of cnano &set with ordinal, x2 of # moi &set with specific, x3 of steci &set with typical, x3 of fadni &set, x1 of punji &set, character | x2 of lerfu &set, ordinal item in sequenced | x1 of # moi &set, sequence base | x3 of porsi *sets (places on/at), x1 (agent) puts/places/| x2 on/at surface/locus x3 /:/ /=/ punji (puj pu'i) *sets (| an example,| a pattern), x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide: it | a pattern/example to be emulated] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) *sets (| to do, triggers), x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur /:/ [also: x1 orders/|/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) *sets an example, x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a guiding person advises/suggests/| to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) &severe, x1 of jursa &severe, find | x2 of jursa *severe, x1 (event/action/state) is |/harsh to x2 [victim/experiencer] /:/ /=/ jursa (jus) &sew, x1 of fenso *sew, x1 |-s/stitches/sutures materials x2 (individual/set) together with tool(s) x3, using filament x4 /:/ (x2 if a set must be a complete specification) /=/ fenso (fen fe'o) &sewing thread, x4 of fenso &sewing tool, x3 of fenso &sewn, x2 of fenso *sews, x1 |/stitches/sutures materials x2 (individual/set) together with tool(s) x3, using filament x4 /:/ (x2 if a set must be a complete specification) /=/ fenso (fen fe'o) &sexed, x2 of plibu &sexual activity, x2 of cinse *sexual intercourse, x1 copulates/fucks/mates/has coitus/| with x2 /:/ [x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)] /=/ gletu (let gle) &sexual orientation, x2 of cinse *sexual orientation, x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/| x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is |/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfri)] /=/ cinse (cin) &sexual, x1 of cinse *sexuality (exhibited behavior), x3 of: x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits |/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfri)] /=/ cinse (cin) &sexuality standard, x4 of cinse &sexuality, x3 of cinse *sexy, x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/|; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfri)] /=/ cinse (cin) *shade, x1 is a shadow/the | of object x2, made by light/energy source x3 /:/ /=/ ctino (ti'o) &shaded by umbrella, x2 of santa &shaded from, x3 of santa &shadow, x1 of ctino &shadow, light making | x3 of ctino &shadow, thing having | x2 of ctino *shadow, x1 is a |/the shade of object x2, made by light/energy source x3 /:/ /=/ ctino (ti'o) *shaft (| of a key), x3 of: x1 is a key fitting/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3 /:/ [also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (= termifckiku, ckitermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the | and teeth] /=/ ckiku (kik) &shaft, fork | x4 of forca &shake, x1 of desku &shake, make to | x2 of desku *shake, x1 |-s/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion] /=/ desku (des) &shaker, x1 of desku &shaker, x2 of desku *shakes, x1 |/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion] /=/ desku (des) *shallow (of a shoal), x1 is a shoal [| hazard]/reef of material x2 in body of water x3 /:/ [rapids (= ri'erjmifa, ri'ercaxno)] /=/ jmifa *shallow (of a tray/flat container), x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and | or without a rim, and is generally portable] /=/ palne *shallow (reduced extent away from a point), x1 is | in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ caxno (cax) *shallow (| container), x1 is a pan/basin/tub/sink, a | container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ [also bowl] /=/ tansi (tas) &shallow direction, x2 of caxno &shallow reference point, x3 of caxno &shallow thing, x1 of caxno &shallowness standard, x4 of caxno &shame, a | x2 of xenru &shameful, x2 of ckeji &shape, x1 of tarmi *shape, x1 [ideal] is the conceptual |/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)]; (cf. te marji for physical |) /=/ tarmi (tam tai) &shaped, x2 of tarmi &shard, x2 of porpi &share, x3 of fatri &share, receive | x2 of fatri *shared (allocated), x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/| among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) /:/ [also spread, | out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)] /=/ fatri (fai) *shares (portions of a distribution), x2 of: x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with |/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) /:/ [also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)] /=/ fatri (fai) *sharing (of a nation/ethnos), x1 is a nation/ethnic group of peoples x2; [people | a history/culture] /:/ /=/ natmi (nat nai) *sharing (of a transmission), x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to/towards receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 /:/ [also possibly "|"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier] /=/ benji (bej be'i) *sharks, x1 is a fish of species x2 [metaphorical extension to |, non-fish aquatic vertebrates] /:/ /=/ finpe (fip fi'e) *sharp (keen), x1 is |/keen at locus x2 /:/ /=/ kinli (kil) *sharp (knee/elbow as metaphor for | bend/curve), x1 is a/the knee/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3 /:/ [metaphor: a | bend/curve] /=/ cidni (cid) &sharp, x1 of kinli *sharply changes, x1 (event/state) is sudden/| at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3 /:/ [also abrupt, discontinuous] /=/ suksa (suk) *sharply disagreeable, x1 is bitter/acrid/| to observer/sense x2 /:/ /=/ kurki &sharpness locus, x2 of kinli *shatters (non-agentive), x1 breaks/fractures/|/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2 /:/ /=/ porpi (pop po'i) *shawl, x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/|/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ kosta (kos) *she, x1 is a |/female/doe of species x2 evidencing female trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is feminine /:/ /=/ fetsi (fet fe'i) *she, x1/| is a woman/women/|; x1 is a female humanoid person [not necessarily |] /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)] /=/ ninmu (nim ni'u) &shears, x1 of jinci &shears, cut by | x2 of jinci *shears, x1 is a pair of |/scissors for cutting x2 /:/ /=/ jinci &sheep species, x2 of lanme &sheep, x1 of lanme &sheep, flock of | x3 of lanme *sheep, x1 is a |/[lamb/ewe/ram] of species/breed x2 of flock x3 /:/ /=/ lanme (lan) *sheet (flat container), x1 is a tray/platter/flat container [pan/|/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a tray is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable] /=/ palne *sheet (foil/2-dimensional shape), x1 is a |/foil/blanket [2-dimensional shape/form flexible in 3 dimensions] of material x2 /:/ /=/ boxfo (bof bo'o) &sheet material, x2 of boxfo *sheet of paper, x1 is paper from source x2 /:/ [| (= plekarda if shape is important, plebo'o)] /=/ pelji (ple) &sheet, x1 of boxfo *shelf (balcony/ledge), x1 is a balcony/overhang/ledge/| of building/structure x2 /:/ /=/ balni *shelf (counter/bar) x1 is a |/counter/bar in/on/attached to supporting object x2, for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ kajna &shelf purpose, x3 of kajna &shelf, x1 of kajna &shelf, support | x2 of kajna *shell (husk), x1 is a |/husk [hard, protective covering] around x2 composed of x3 /:/ /=/ calku (cak) *shell (| of a nut), x3 of: x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-shelled fruit] from plant/species x2 with | x3 and kernel x4 /:/ [also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)] /=/ narge (nag) &shell material, x3 of calku &shell, x1 of calku &shell, nut | x3 of narge &shell, thing having | x2 of calku *shelled (of a nut), x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-| fruit] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and kernel x4 /:/ [also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)] /=/ narge (nag) &shelled, x2 of calku *shellfish, x1 is a worm/invertebrate animal of species/breed x2 /:/ [also mollusk, snail (= cakcurnu), | (= xaskemcakcurnu, xaskemcakydja); the generalization to invertebrate is because almost all multicellular invertebrates are indeed wormlike] /=/ curnu (cur) &shelter, x1 of marbi *shelter, x1 is a |/haven/refuge/retreat/harbor for/protecting x2 from danger/threat x3 /:/ /=/ marbi (mra) &sheltered from, threat | x3 of marbi &sheltered, x2 of marbi *sheltering (of a cover), x1 is a cover/[lid/top] for covering/concealing/| x2 /:/ /=/ gacri (gai) *shelters (of a roof/lid), x1 is a roof/top/ceiling/lid of x2 /:/ a drudi is (designed to be) over/above something and | it from other things above the drudi /=/ drudi (rud dru) *shield, x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event) /:/ [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/| (= badgai)] /=/ bandu (bad) &shielded, x2 of santa *shielding (umbrella/parasol), x1 is an umbrella/parasol | x2 from x3, made of material x4, supported by x5 /:/ /=/ santa &shines, x3 of gusni *shining, x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, | (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)] /=/ carmi (cam cai) *ship, x1 is a boat/|/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ bloti (lot blo lo'i) &shipped, x2 of bloti &shirt material, x2 of creka &shirt, x1 of creka %shirt, x1 is a woman's |/blouse /=/ nimcreka *shirt, x1 is a |/blouse/top [upper-body garment - not necessarily sleeved or buttoned], material x2 /:/ /=/ creka (cek) *shit (derogative expression), x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/'curses at' x2 in form x1 /:/ [bloody (British sense), fucking, |] /=/ mabla (mal) *shit (feces), x1 is a/the feces/excrement/dung/| of x2 (animal/person); (adjective:) x1 is fecal (matter) /:/ [also crap] /=/ kalci @shit (objects/things, generally lying around in one location), consider metaphor "gather(ed)-object(s)" (= jajdai) *shit (possessions), x2 of: x1 possesses/owns/has possessions/| x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3 /:/ (x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent) /=/ ponse (pos po'e) *shit (waste products), x1(s) is/are waste product(s) [left to waste] by x2 (event/activity) /:/ [also |, crap; agentive wasting (= fesygau, fesyzu'e)] /=/ festi (fes) &shoal material, x2 of jmifa &shoal, x1 of jmifa &shoal, thing having | x3 of jmifa *shoal, x1 is a | [shallow hazard]/reef of material x2 in body of water x3 /:/ [rapids (= ri'erjmifa, ri'ercaxno)] /=/ jmifa &shock, x1 of jenca *shock, x1 (event) |-s/stuns x2 /:/ /=/ jenca (jen) &shocked, x2 of jenca *shocks, x1 (event) |/stuns x2 /:/ /=/ jenca (jen) &shod, x2 of cutci &shoe material, x3 of cutci &shoe, x1 of cutci *shoe, x1 is a |/boot/sandal for covering/protecting [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3 /:/ [also boot (= tupcutci)] /=/ cutci (cuc) *shoots, x1 launches/fires/| projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] /:/ [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) *shop, x1 is a market/store/exchange/|(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) *shopping center, x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, |, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) *shops, x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/| that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual | (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) *shoreline (| of a bay), x2 of: x1 is a bay in/of coast/| x2 /:/ /=/ zbani *short (young: relatively | in duration), x1 is young/youthful [relatively | in elapsed duration] by standard x2 /:/ [also age (= nilnalci'o); (adjective:) x1 is junior] /=/ citno (cit ci'o) *short (relatively | in dimension), x1 is | in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3 /:/ /=/ tordu (tor to'u) *short (relatively | in smallest direction: thin), x1 is thin in direction/dimension x2 by standard x3; [relatively | in smallest dimension] /:/ /=/ cinla &short units, length/width/height in | x2 of gutci &short, x1 of tordu @short, see also "narrow", "small" *short, x1 is x2 (default 1) | local distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [foot (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjamgutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ gutci (guc) *shortening, x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/| from source x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)] /=/ matne &shortness dimension, x2 of tordu &shortness standard, x3 of tordu *shot (| pellets), x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, catapult stone, | pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) &shoulder, x1 of janco &shoulder, joined at | x2 of janco &shoulder, thing having | x3 of janco *shoulder, x1 is a/the |/hip/joint [body-part] attaching limb/extremity x2 to body x3 /:/ /=/ janco (jan) *shove, x1 [agent] |-s/pushes x2 at locus x3 /:/ [move by pushing/|-ing (= ca'ermuvgau)] /=/ catke (ca'e) &shoved at, thing | x3 of catke &shoved, thing | x2 of catke &shovel, x1 of canpa &shovel, thing dug with | x2 of canpa *shovel, x1 is a |/spade [bladed digging implement] for digging x2 /:/ /=/ canpa (cna) &shover, x1 of catke *shoves, x1 [agent] |/pushes x2 at locus x3 /:/ [move by pushing/shoving (= ca'ermuvgau)] /=/ catke (ca'e) *shoving (move by |), x1 [agent] shoves/pushes x2 at locus x3 /:/ [move by pushing/| (= ca'ermuvgau)] /=/ catke (ca'e) *show (movie), x1 is a cinema/movie/film/| about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) *show (television programming), x1 [broadcaster] televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 /:/ [x2 programming (mass), program/| (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) *show (television show), x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv | (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) &show, x1 of jarco *show, x1 (agent) |-s/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3 /:/ [reveal (= tolmipygau, mipyja'o, sivja'o); also: x1 |-s that x2, x1 |-s off x2; |-ing an object is generally expressed with a tu'a x2, since the properties of the |-n object (other than its presence) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)] /=/ jarco (ja'o) *showers, x1 rains/|/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to 'rain'] /:/ /=/ carvi (cav) *showing (of a chart/map), x1 is a chart/diagram/map of/about x2 | formation/data-points x3 /:/ /=/ cartu (cat) *showing (of a label/tag), x1 is a label/tag of x2 | information x3 /:/ /=/ tcita *showing (of an illustration), x1 is a picture/illustration representing/| x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)] /=/ pixra (pir xra) &shown on chart, thing | x3 of cartu &shown to, x3 of jarco &shown, x2 of jarco *shows (displays), x1 (agent) |/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3 /:/ [reveal (= tolmipygau, mipyja'o, sivja'o); also: x1 | that x2, x1 | off x2; showing an object is generally expressed with a tu'a x2, since the properties of the shown object (other than its presence) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)] /=/ jarco (ja'o) *shows (| audacity), x1 | audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka) /:/ [x1 is bold] /=/ darsi *shrapnel (| resulting from explosion), x2 of: x1 bursts/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into |/energy/fragments x2 /:/ /=/ spoja (poj po'a) *shriek, x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also |, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) *shrine, x1 is a temple/church/sanctuary/synagogue/| of religion x2 at location/serving area x3 /:/ [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)] /=/ malsi (mas) *shudders, x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/|/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion] /=/ desku (des) *shuns, x1 avoids/evades/|/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) /:/ [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] /=/ rivbi (riv) *shut, x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/|/not open, preventing passage/access to x2 by x3 /:/ [as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane] /=/ ganlo (ga'o) &sibling bond, x3 of tunba &sibling of sister, x2 of mensi &sibling, x1 of tunba &sibling, x2 of tunba &sibling, thing having | x2 of tunba *sibling, x1 is a | of x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3 /:/ /=/ tunba (tub) *siblings, x1 is cousin to x2 by bond/tie x3; [non-immediate family member, default same generation] /:/ [probably preferred for metaphorical | (over bruna)] /=/ tamne *sick, x1 is ill/|/diseased with symptoms x2 from disease x3 /:/ /=/ bilma (bi'a) *side (east |), x1 is to the east/eastern | of x2 according to frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ stuna (sun) *side (lateral), x1 is to the | of/lateral to x2 and facing x3 from point of view/in-frame-of-reference x4 /:/ (cf. crane, trixe, pritu, zunle, which differ in that the direction of facing is the front and not the lateral |. The x4 of mlana may be either the front, or back | of x2) /=/ mlana (mla) *side (left |), x1 is to the left/left-hand | of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ zunle (zul) *side (north |), x1 is to the north/northern | [right-hand-rule pole] of x2 according to frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ berti (ber) *side (on the other |, beyond boundary), x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni) /:/ [on the other | of a bound, but not necessarily directly 'across' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space] /=/ bancu (bac) *side (on the other |, directly across gap), x1 is located across/on the other | of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3 /:/ [also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo'e); directly across/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other | of the boundary] /=/ ragve (rav) *side (point-of-view), x1 [person] agrees with person(s)/position/| x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4 /:/ /=/ tugni (tug tu'i) *side (right |), x1 is to the right/right-hand | of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] /=/ pritu *side (south |), x1 is to the south/southern | of x2 according to frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ snanu (nan) *side (surface), x1 is surface/face [bounded shape/form] of [higher-dimension] object x2, on | x3, edges x4 /:/ [also x4 bounds] /=/ sefta (sfe) *side (west |), x1 is to the west/western | of x2 according to frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ stici (sic) *side (| of a portal/barrier passed through), x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination | x3 from origin | x4 /:/ [passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) &side of an angle, x3 of jganu &side of bridge, 1st | x3 of cripu &side of bridge, 2nd | x4 of cripu &side of cube, x3 of kubli *side to side (oscillates), x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): |, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) *side to side (shakes), x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): |, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion] /=/ desku (des) &side, x1 of mlana &side, surface | x3 of sefta &side, thing having to the | x2 of mlana *sides (| of a block), x3 of: x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/| x3 /:/ [x3 |/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar |/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli) /=/ bliku (bli) *sides (| of a partition/wall/gap), x1 and x2 of: x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) *sides (| of a regular polygon/polyhedron), x3 of: x1 is a cube/regular polyhedron/polygon of dimensions x2 (default 3), surfaces/| x3 (default 6) /:/ /=/ kubli (kub) *sides (| of a wall/fence), x2 and x3 of: x1 is a wall/fence separating sides x2 and x3 (unordered) of/in structure x4 /:/ /=/ bitmu (bim bi'u) &sideways, faced for | x3 of mlana &sideways, frame for | x4 of mlana *sieve, x1 is a net/filter allowing passage of x2, prohibiting passage of x3, netting properties x4 /:/ [also |] /=/ julne (ju'e) *sight, x1 is the view/scene/panorama/|/prospect of x2 (object/location) from point-of-view x3 /:/ [also x1 is on display to x2/x3] /=/ jvinu (vin ji'u) &sign, x1 of sinxa &sign, observe | x3 of sinxa *sign, x1 is a |/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) *signal, x1 is a sign/symbol/| representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; | an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) &significance, lotus | x3 of latna *significant (important), x1 (object/event) is important/| to x2 (person/event) in aspect/for reason x3 (nu/ka) /:/ [also: x1 matters to x2 in aspect/respect x3] /=/ vajni (vaj vai) *significant (meaningful: of a sign), x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is |/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) *significant (most |: main), x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most | among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) &signified by letteral, x3 of lerfu &signified, x2 of sinxa *signifies, x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 | x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) *signifying, x1 is a sign/symbol/signal representing/referring/|/meaning x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) *silent, x1 (source) is quiet/|/[still] at observation point x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ smaji (sma) &silk source, x2 of silka &silk, x1 of silka *silk, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | produced by x2 /:/ /=/ silka (sik) *silky, x1 is smooth/even/[soft/|] in texture/regularity /:/ /=/ xutla (xul) *silly, x1 is foolish/| in event/action/property [folly] (ka) x2; x1 is a boob /:/ /=/ bebna (beb) &silver, x1 of rijno *silver, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of |/argentum (Ag); [metaphor: valuable, tarnishing] /:/ /=/ rijno (rij) *simian, x1 is a monkey/ape/|/baboon/chimpanzee of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ smani *similar (alike), x1 is |/parallel to x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni); x1 looks/appears like x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a likeness/image of x2; x1 and x2 are alike; similarity and parallel differ primarily in emphasis] /=/ simsa (smi) *similar (paralleling), x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo'u/fa'u term) by standard/geometry x4 /:/ [also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/|/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences] /=/ panra &similar, x1 of simsa &similarity property, x3 of simsa *simple (easy), x1 (action) is easy/|/facile for x2 (agent) under conditions x3; x2 does x1 freely/easily /:/ /=/ frili (fil) *simple (pure), x1 is pure/unadulterated/unmitigated/| in property x2 (ka) /:/ [x1 is simply/purely/unmitigatedly/solely x2] /=/ curve (cuv) *simple (uncomplicated), x1 is |/unmixed/uncomplicated in property x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ sampu (sap) &simple, x1 of sampu &simplicity property, x2 of sampu *simply (purely, unmitigatedly), x1 is pure/unadulterated/unmitigated/simple in property x2 (ka) /:/ [x1 is |/purely/unmitigatedly/solely x2] /=/ curve (cuv) *simply (superlatively), x1 is superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3 extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/range x4 /:/ [also: x1 is x3-est/utmost in x2 among x4; x1 is extreme; x1 is | x3] /=/ traji (rai) @simply (uncomplicatedly), see "simple" *simultaneous with, x1 or x2 of: x1 is current at/in the present of/during/concurrent/| with x2 in time /:/ [time relationship only, 'aorist' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] /=/ cabna (cab) &simultaneous, thing which is | x1 of cabna *sin, x1 (event/state) is a punishable crime/[taboo/|] to people/culture/judges/jury x2 /:/ [taboo (= kluzei, cacyzei); | (= madzei, jdamadzei); heresy (= jdazei)] /=/ zekri (zer zei) &sine, x1 of sinso *sine, x1 is the trigonometric | of angle x2 /:/ /=/ sinso *sing harmony, x1 sings/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3 /:/ [melody (= sa'azgi, ralsa'azgi), harmony (= saxsa'azgi), harmonize/| (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)] /=/ sanga (sag sa'a) &sing, x1 of sanga *sing, x1 |-s/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3 /:/ [melody (= sa'azgi, ralsa'azgi), harmony (= saxsa'azgi), harmonize/| harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)] /=/ sanga (sag sa'a) &singer, x1 of sanga *singing (as a means of producing music: event), x2 of: x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, |, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) *single-valued mapping, x1 is a function/| from domain x2 to range x3 defined by expression/rule x4 /:/ /=/ fancu *single-valued, x1 is a function/single-| mapping from domain x2 to range x3 defined by expression/rule x4 /:/ /=/ fancu *sings, x1 |/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3 /:/ [melody (= sa'azgi, ralsa'azgi), harmony (= saxsa'azgi), harmonize/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)] /=/ sanga (sag sa'a) *sink (deep), x1 is a pot/kettle/urn/tub/|, a deep container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ patxu (pax) *sink (shallow), x1 is a pan/basin/tub/|, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ [also bowl] /=/ tansi (tas) *sires, x1 is a father of x2; x1 begets/|/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ patfu (paf pa'u) &sister, x1 of mensi &sister, sibling of | x2 of mensi &sister, thing having | x2 of mensi *sister, x1 is a | of/sororal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ mensi (mes me'i) &sisterly bond, x3 of mensi &sit, x1 of zutse *sit, x1 |-s [assumes |-ting position] on surface x2 /:/ /=/ zutse (zut tse) *site (inalienable location of some thing/event), x1 is an inherent/inalienable |/place/position/situation/spot/location of x2 (object/event) /:/ [generally used for normally stationary objects/events, to give their 'permanent' location] /=/ stuzi (tuz stu) *site (| of a lake/pool), x2 of: x1 is a lake/lagoon/pool at |/within land mass x2 /:/ /=/ lalxu (la'u) *site (| of a supply), x3 of: x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 /:/ [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a |/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2]; (cf. panka; vreji for information storage; sabji for a store or reserve that is not necessarily tied to a |) /=/ sorcu (soc sro) &site, x1 of stuzi &site, condensation | x2 of lunsa *site, x1 loses person/thing x2 at/near | x3; x1 loses property/feature x2 in conditions/situation x3 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ecri, po'erselcri for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cirko (cri) &sited, x2 of stuzi *sits, x1 | [assumes sitting position] on surface x2 /:/ /=/ zutse (zut tse) *sitting (place for |: chair), x1 is a chair/stool/seat/bench, a piece or portion of a piece of furniture intended for | /:/ /=/ stizu (tiz) *sitting position, x1 sits [assumes | position] on surface x2 /:/ /=/ zutse (zut tse) &situated, x2 of stuzi *situation (inalienable position/|), x1 is an inherent/inalienable site/place/position/|/spot/location of x2 (object/event) /:/ [generally used for normally stationary objects/events, to give their 'permanent' location] /=/ stuzi (tuz stu) *situation (potentially temporary circumstances), x1 [state/property] is a |/condition/state/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2 /:/ [characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only temporary] /=/ tcini *situation (| associated with loss), x3 of: x1 loses person/thing x2 at/near x3; x1 loses property/feature x2 in conditions/| x3 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ecri, po'erselcri for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cirko (cri) *situation (| generating problem), x3 of: x1 (event/state) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in |/task/inquiry x3 /:/ [also: x1 requires consideration by x2] /=/ nabmi (nam) *situation (| governed by ethical/moral standard), x3 of: x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (individual/mass) about | x3 /:/ [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)] /=/ marde (mad) *situation (| matched by correct/proper corollary), x3 of: x1 is correct/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in | x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ drani (dra) *situation (| provoking fatigue), x2 of: x1 is tired/fatigued by effort/| x2 (event); x1 needs/wants rest /:/ /=/ tatpi (ta'i) *situation (| responded to), x2 of: x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/|/stimulus x2 with response x3 /:/ [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing] /=/ spuda (spu) &situation, x1 of tcini &situation, correctness | x3 of drani &situation, in | x2 of tcini *size (| grown to), x2 of: x1 grows/expands [an increasing development] to |/into form x2 from x3 /:/ [also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increases] /=/ banro (ba'o) *size (| of a side of a block), x3 of: x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3 /:/ [x3 sides/surfaces should include number, |, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli) /=/ bliku (bli) *size (| of nail), x1 is a nail/tack [pointed driven/frictional fastener] of type/| x2 (ka/ni), made of material x3 /:/ /=/ dinko (di'o) *size (| of screw frame), x1 is a screw [fastener] for purpose x2, threads [pitch, material] x3, frame [|, material] x4 /:/ [also bolt] /=/ klupe (lup lu'e) &size in acres, x2 of kramu &size in meters, x2 of mitre &size in miles, x2 of minli &size, x3 of merli @size, see also "amount", "measure", "degree" *skate, x1 is a ski/skid/|/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/cargo x3 /:/ /=/ skiji (sij) *skater (| using skates), x3 of: x1 is a ski/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/|/sled/cargo x3 /:/ /=/ skiji (sij) &skater, x3 of skiji *skeleton (bones), x1 is a/the bone/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium] /:/ [x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu'a le ); cartilage/gristle (= ranbo'u), | (= bo'urgreku)] /=/ bongu (bog bo'u) *skeleton (supporting frame), x1 is a frame/structure/|/outline supporting/load-bearing/determining the form of x2 /:/ /=/ greku (rek) *skeptic, x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/|-al/questions that x2 (du'u) is true /:/ [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)] /=/ senpi (sen) *skeptical, x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/|/questions that x2 (du'u) is true /:/ [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)] /=/ senpi (sen) &ski, x1 of skiji *ski, x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, | lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) *ski, x1 is a |/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/cargo x3 /:/ /=/ skiji (sij) *skid, x1 is a ski/|/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/sled/cargo x3 /:/ /=/ skiji (sij) &skier, x3 of skiji *skier, x3 of: x1 is a ski/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting |/skater/sled/cargo x3 /:/ /=/ skiji (sij) &skiing surface, x2 of skiji *skill (art or process, craft), x1 (process) is an art [creative application] of craft/| x2 (idea/activity) /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is artistic] /=/ larcu (lar) *skill (talent), x1 has a talent/aptitude/innate | for doing/being x2 /:/ /=/ stati &skill, x2 of larcu &skill, x2 of stati *skill, x1 is an expert/pro/has prowess/|/expertise in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3 /:/ [also competent, skilled] /=/ certu (cre) *skilled, x1 is an expert/pro/has prowess in/is | at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3 /:/ [also competent, |] /=/ certu (cre) *skills, x1 [mass of ideas, customs, |, arts] is culture of nation/ethos x2 (mass); x1 is ethnic /:/ [(note that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is shared among people and is not an individual trait)] /=/ kulnu (klu) *skin (crust), x1 is a crust/rind/peel/|/hide/outer cover of x2 /:/ , gacri) /=/ pilka (pil pi'a) *skin (hide), x1 is a pelt/|/hide/leather from x2 /:/ /=/ skapi (kap) &skirt material, x2 of skaci &skirt, x1 of skaci *skirt, x1 is a |/kilt/dress of material x2; x1 is skirted [garment open at the bottom; not legged] /:/ [a skirted garment may be full length (pastu), but must hang below the waist from support above or at the waist] /=/ skaci *skirted (garment open at the bottom), x1 is a skirt/kilt/dress of material x2; x1 is | [garment open at the bottom; not legged] /:/ [a | garment may be full length (pastu), but must hang below the waist from support above or at the waist] /=/ skaci *skirts (avoids), x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/| [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) /:/ [also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] /=/ rivbi (riv) *skull, x1 is a/the head [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: uppermost portion] /:/ [| (= sedbo'u)] /=/ stedu (sed) &sky, x1 of tsani &sky, with | x2 of tsani *sky, x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, | car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) *sky, x1 is an expanse of |/the heavens at place x2; [celestial] /:/ /=/ tsani (tan) *slacks, x1 are pants/trousers/|/leggings [legged garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ palku (pak) *slanted, x1 is sloped/inclined/|/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 /:/ [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear] /=/ salpo (sa'o) *slaughter, x1 (agent) kills/|-s/murders x2 by action/method x3 /:/ /=/ catra &slaughtered, x2 of catra *slaughters, x1 (agent) kills/|/murders x2 by action/method x3 /:/ /=/ catra &Slavic aspect, x2 of slovo &Slavic, x1 of slovo *Slavic, x1 reflects | language/culture/ethos in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ slovo (lov lo'o) *sled, x1 is a ski/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 supporting skier/skater/|/cargo x3 /:/ /=/ skiji (sij) &sleep, x1 of sipna *sleep, x1 is a-| (adjective); x1 |-s/is |-ing /:/ /=/ sipna (sip) *sleeping, x1 is asleep (adjective); x1 sleeps/is | /:/ /=/ sipna (sip) *sleeps, x1 is asleep (adjective); x1 |/is sleeping /:/ /=/ sipna (sip) *sleet, x1 is hail/|/freezing rain/solid precipitation of material/composition including x2 /:/ [this is the substance, not the act or manner of its falling, which is carvi] /=/ bratu *sleeve, x1 is a length of tubing/pipe/hollow cylinder [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of material x3 /:/ [also |, leg, hose, (adjective:) tubular] /=/ tubnu (tu'u) &slice, x1 of panlo *slice, x1 is a | [thin flat portion] of x2 (mass) /:/ /=/ panlo (pa'o) &sliced, x2 of panlo *slick, x2 of: x1 slides/slips/glides on x2 /:/ [x2 is |/slippery to/for x1 (= selsakli for reordered places)] /=/ sakli (sal) &slid on, x2 of sakli &slide, x1 of sakli *slide, x1 |-s/slips/glides on x2 /:/ [x2 is slick/slippery to/for x1 (= selsakli for reordered places)] /=/ sakli (sal) *slides, x1 |/slips/glides on x2 /:/ [x2 is slick/slippery to/for x1 (= selsakli for reordered places)] /=/ sakli (sal) *sliding (of a drawer), x1 is a drawer/file in structure x2, a [| compartment] container for contents x3 /:/ /=/ dacru (dac) *slip, x1 slides/|-s/glides on x2 /:/ [x2 is slick/|-pery to/for x1 (= selsakli for reordered places)] /=/ sakli (sal) &slippery, x2 of sakli *slippery, x2 of: x1 slides/slips/glides on x2 /:/ [x2 is slick/| to/for x1 (= selsakli for reordered places)] /=/ sakli (sal) &slips up, x2 of snuti *slips, x1 slides/|/glides on x2 /:/ [x2 is slick/slippery to/for x1 (= selsakli for reordered places)] /=/ sakli (sal) &slope angle, x2 of salpo &slope horizon, x3 of salpo &slope, x1 of salpo &slope, x2 of salpo *slope, x1 is |-d/inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 /:/ [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear] /=/ salpo (sa'o) &sloped, x1 of salpo *sloped, x1 is |/inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 /:/ [also steep (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear] /=/ salpo (sa'o) *slow (not fast), x1 is |/sluggish at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ masno (sno) *slow (use a brake), x1 (agent) brakes/causes to | motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3 /:/ /=/ jabre &slow, x1 of masno &slowly, done | x2 of masno *sluggish, x1 is slow/| at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ masno (sno) *slurry, x1 is paste/pulp/dough/mash/mud/| [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ pesxu (pex) &smaile, x1 of cisma *small (of a card), x1 is a card [| nearly-2-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, shape x3 /:/ (x3 shape default rectangular) /=/ karda *small (of a drop), x1 is a drop [|, cohesive shape] of material [liquid/vapor] x2 in surrounding material x3 /:/ /=/ dirgo (dig) *small (of a fly/flying insect), x1 is a fly [a | non-stinging flying insect] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ sfani *small (relatively |), x1 is | in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3 /:/ /=/ cmalu (cma) *small fowl, x1 is a chicken/[hen/cock/rooster]/| [a type of bird] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jipci &small, x1 of cmalu *smallest (of a quantum), x1 is a quantum/ray/elementary particle/| measurable increment of property/activity x2 /:/ [quantum ray (= bonka'u)] /=/ kantu (ka'u) &smallness dimension, x2 of cmalu &smallness standard, x3 of cmalu &smashed, x2 of marxa @smashes into, see "collides" *smashes, x1 [force] mashes/crushes/squashes/| x2 into pulp/mash/crumbs/deformed mass x3 /:/ /=/ marxa (max) &smell [n], x2 of sumne &smell odor, x3 of panci &smell, x1 of sumne *smell, x1 (experiencer) |-s/scents (transitive verb) x2; x2 |-s/has odor/scent to observer x1 /:/ /=/ sumne *smell, x1 is an odor/fragrance/scent/| emitted by x2 and detected by observer/sensor x3 /:/ [an undetected emitter is odorless to the observer] /=/ panci (pan) &smelled, x2 of sumne *smells (detects odor), x1 (experiencer) |/scents (transitive verb) x2; x2 smells/has odor/scent to observer x1 /:/ /=/ sumne *smells (emits odor), x2 of: x1 (experiencer) smells/scents (transitive verb) x2; x2 |/has odor/scent to observer x1 /:/ /=/ sumne &smelly, x2 of panci &smelly, x2 of sumne *smile (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 laughs (emotional expression) /:/ [x1 laughs at x2 (= mi'afra)] /=/ cmila (mi'a) *smile, x1 smiles/grins (facial expression) /:/ [|/grin at something (= cismyfra)] /=/ cisma &smiler, x1 of cisma *smiles, x1 |/grins (facial expression) /:/ [smile/grin at something (= cismyfra)] /=/ cisma *smog, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of smoke/|/air pollution from source x2 /:/ [x2 may be a fire] /=/ danmo (dam) *smokable (substance in a cigar/cigarette), x2 of: x1 is a cigar/cigarette/cigarillo made from tobacco/| substance x2 by x3 /:/ /=/ sigja (sig) &smoke source, x2 of danmo &smoke, x1 of danmo *smoke, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of |/smog/air pollution from source x2 /:/ [x2 may be a fire] /=/ danmo (dam) &smokes, x2 of danmo *smooth (of a brow/forehead), x1 is a/the brow/forehead [projecting flat/| head/body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ mebri (meb) *smooth (planar), x1 is a plane [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[|] /:/ [also: x1 is even/planar/level]; (x2 is a set of points at least sufficient to define the plane) /=/ plita (pit) *smooth (| in texture), x1 is |/even/[soft/silky] in texture/regularity /:/ /=/ xutla (xul) &smooth, x1 of xutla *smooth-textured (of paste/mud/dough), x1 is paste/pulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, |, moist solid] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ pesxu (pex) *snail, x1 is a worm/invertebrate animal of species/breed x2 /:/ [also mollusk, | (= cakcurnu), shellfish (= xaskemcakcurnu, xaskemcakydja); the generalization to invertebrate is because almost all multicellular invertebrates are indeed wormlike] /=/ curnu (cur) &snake species, x2 of since &snake, x1 of since *snake, x1 is a |/serpent of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ since *snaps, x1 whips/lashes/| [a sudden violent motion] /:/ /=/ bikla (bik) &sneeze, x1 of senci *sneeze, x1 |-s (intransitive verb) /:/ /=/ senci (sec) *sneezes, x1 | (intransitive verb) /:/ /=/ senci (sec) &snow, x1 of snime *snow, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of | /:/ /=/ snime (si'e) &snug, x1 of tagji *snug, x1 is |/tight on x2 in dimension/direction x3 at locus x4 /:/ /=/ tagji (tag) &snugly, thing having | x2 of tagji &snugness dimension, x3 of tagji &snugness locus, x4 of tagji *soak (up), x1 |-s up/absorbs/sucks up x2 from x3 into x4; x1 is an absorbant /:/ /=/ cokcu (cko) &soak up, x1 of cokcu &soaked up from, x3 of cokcu &soaked up into, x4 of cokcu &soaked up, x2 of cokcu &soaks up, that which | x1 of cokcu *soaks up, x1 |/absorbs/sucks up x2 from x3 into x4; x1 is an absorbant /:/ /=/ cokcu (cko) &soap composition, x3 of zbabu &soap source, x2 of zbabu &soap, x1 of zbabu *soap, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | from source x2 of composition including x3 /:/ /=/ zbabu (bab) *sociable, x1 interacts/behaves socially with x2; x1 socializes with/is | towards x2 /:/ /=/ jikca (jik) *social, x1 interacts/behaves |-ly with x2; x1 |-izes with/is |-ble towards x2 /:/ /=/ jikca (jik) &socialize, x1 of jikca *socialize, x1 interacts/behaves socially with x2; x1 |-izes with/is sociable towards x2 /:/ /=/ jikca (jik) &socialized with, x2 of jikca *socializes, x1 interacts/behaves socially with x2; x1 | with/is sociable towards x2 /:/ /=/ jikca (jik) *socially, (pertaining to events of socializing), nu of: x1 interacts/behaves | with x2; x1 socializes with/is sociable towards x2 /:/ [nu is socialize (= nunjikca)] /=/ jikca (jik) *socially, x1 interacts/behaves | with x2; x1 socializes with/is sociable towards x2 /:/ /=/ jikca (jik) *society (| recognizing nobility), x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/|/standard x2 /:/ [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/| wide; this would include self-assumed titles] /=/ nobli (nol no'i) &sock material, x2 of smoka &sock, x1 of smoka *sock, x1 is a |/stocking [flexible foot and lower leg garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ smoka (smo) *soda (sodium, alkali salt), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali metal of type x2 [default sodium] /:/ [also potassium, lithium, cesium]; [|] /=/ sodna &soda flavor, x2 of sodva &soda, x1 of sodva *soda, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of a carbonated beverage/| of flavor/brand x2 /:/ [also: soft drink (though this English phrase sometimes includes tea and coffee as distinct from alcoholic beverages which are "hard drinks")] /=/ sodva (sod) &sodium, x1 of sodna *sodium, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali metal of type x2 [default |] /:/ [also potassium, lithium, cesium]; [soda] /=/ sodna &sofa, x1 of sfofa *sofa, x1 is a |/couch [noun] /:/ /=/ sfofa (sfo) *soft (metaphor: soft heavy metal), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of lead (Pb); [metaphor: heavy, malleable, | metal] /:/ /=/ cnisa (nis) *soft (silky smooth), x1 is smooth/even/[|/silky] in texture/regularity /:/ /=/ xutla (xul) *soft (wax, moldable when warm), x1 is quantity of wax [substance especially |/moldable when warm] from source x2 /:/ [also paraffin] /=/ lakse (lak) *soft (yielding), x1 is |/malleable/moldable/yielding to force x2 in conditions x3 /:/ /=/ ranti (ran) *soft (|, dense, form), x1 is a mat/pad/mattress/pallet [flat, |, dense form] of material x2 /:/ [also mattress = (kicymatci)] /=/ matci *soft (|, moist, solid), x1 is paste/pulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [|, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ pesxu (pex) &soft, x1 of ranti &softness conditions, x3 of ranti *soil (contaminant cleansed), x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of |/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4 /:/ [agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)] /=/ lumci (lum lu'i) *soil (earth), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of dirt/|/earth/ground from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also: x1 is earthen; x3: composition including x3, which need not be exhaustive of composition] /=/ dertu (der de'u) &solar, x1 of solri *solar, x1 is the sun of home planet x2 (default Earth) of race x3; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ ['home planet' refers to a planet which is "home" to a race, but not necessarily the original "home" of a species if that species inhabits many worlds] /=/ solri (sol) &sold at market, x2 of zarci &sold to, x3 of vecnu &sold, x2 of vecnu *soldier (a person in a regimented organization), x1 is military/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also paramilitary; | in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)] /=/ bilni (bil) *soldier (warrior in an army), x1 is a |/warrior/fighter of army x2 /:/ /=/ sonci (son soi) &soldier's army, x2 of sonci &soldier, x1 of sonci *solely (purely), x1 is pure/unadulterated/unmitigated/simple in property x2 (ka) /:/ [x1 is simply/purely/unmitigatedly/| x2] /=/ curve (cuv) *solemn, x1 (person) is serious/earnest/has gravity about x2 (event/state/activity) /:/ [also | (= drijunri, ri'irjunri, tcejunri)] /=/ junri (jur) *solicit, x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, |; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci *solicits, x1 requests/asks/petitions/| for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4 /:/ [also demand (= mi'ecpe)] /=/ cpedu (cpe) *solid (melting |), x1 melts [becomes liquid from | state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [x1 runs (= rumfle)] /=/ runme (rum) *solid (moist |), x1 is paste/pulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist |] of composition x2 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ pesxu (pex) *solid (non-metallic |), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of ceramic made by x2, of composition x3, in form/shape x4 /:/ [made of baked clay or other non-metallic |; x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ staku (tak) *solid (of a table top), x1 is a table/flat | upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/base/pedestal x3 /:/ /=/ jubme (jub jbu) *solid (state of matter), x1 is |, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 /:/ [conditions include temperature and pressure] /=/ sligu (lig) *solid (suspensible |), x1 is dust/precipitate [suspensible |] from x2 in medium/on surface x3 /:/ /=/ pulce (puc pu'e) *solid (| and spreadable, buttery, of fats), x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, | but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)] /=/ matne *solid angle, x1 is a corner/point/at-least-3-dimensional | [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3 /:/ [also apex; a corner exists on three dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some direction; i.e. in some planar cross-section] /=/ kojna (koj ko'a) *solid angle, x1 is x2 steradian(s) [metric unit] in | (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ stero (te'o) &solid composition, x2 of sligu *solid door, x1 is a doorway/gateway/access way between x2 and x3 of structure x4 /:/ [note: emphasis on route nature; | (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)] /=/ vorme (vor vro) *solid precipitation, x1 is hail/sleet/freezing rain/| of material/composition including x2 /:/ [this is the substance, not the act or manner of its falling, which is carvi] /=/ bratu &solid, x1 of sligu *solidifies, x1 freezes/jells/| at temperature x2 and pressure x3 /:/ /=/ dunja (duj) &solidity conditions, x3 of sligu *solution (answer to a problem), x1 is the answer/response/|/[reply] to question/problem x2 /:/ /=/ danfu (daf) *solution (result of dissolving), x3 of: x1 dissolves in solvent x2 forming |/[suspension] x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [suspension (= pucyteryrunta, pucyxre)] /=/ runta &solution conditions, x4 of runta &solution formed, x3 of runta &solvent, x2 of runta *solvent, x2 of: x1 dissolves in | x2 forming solution/[suspension] x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [suspension (= pucyteryrunta, pucyxre)] /=/ runta &someone sad, x1 of badri &something beyond, x1 of bancu &something circumvented, x2 of fanta *something else, x1 isn't the-same-thing-as/is different-from/other-than x2 by standard x3; x1 is | else /:/ /=/ drata (dat) &something external, x1 of bartu &something that has been ruined, x2 of daspo *something thrown (catch |), x2 of: x1 captures/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 /:/ [catch | thrown (= rerkavbu)] /=/ kavbu (kav) *somewhat, x1 is mild/non-extreme/gentle/middling/| in property x2 (ka); x1 is not very x2 /:/ /=/ milxe (mli) *son (begotten |), x1 engenders/begets child (|/daughter) x2 with coparent x3 /:/ /=/ rorci (ror) *son (parented |), x1 is a parent of/raises |/daughter x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2 /:/ /=/ rirni (rir) &son, x1 of bersa &son, x2 of mamta &son, x2 of patfu &son, parent of | x2 of bersa *son, x1 is a | of mother/father/parents x2 [not necessarily biological] /:/ [also filial] /=/ bersa (bes be'a) *song (performed music), x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); | (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) *song (sung or chanted), x1 sings/chants x2 [|/hymn/melody/melodic sounds] to audience x3 /:/ [melody (= sa'azgi, ralsa'azgi), harmony (= saxsa'azgi), harmonize/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), | (= selsa'a)] /=/ sanga (sag sa'a) &song, x2 of sanga &song, hear | x3 of sanga &sorceror, x3 of makfa *sorcery, x1 is magic/supernatural/|/witchcraft/wizardry to x2, performed by person/force/deity x3 /:/ /=/ makfa (maf) &sore, is | x2 of cortu &sorghum species, x2 of sorgu &sorghum, x1 of sorgu *sorghum, x1 is a quantity of | of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ sorgu (sog) *sororal, x1 is a sister of/| to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ mensi (mes me'i) *sorrel grass, x1 is a quantity of buckwheat/rhubarb/| of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ xruba (xub) *sorrow (feels |), x1 is sad/depressed/dejected/[unhappy/feels |/grief] about x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ badri (dri) *sorry (feels regret), x1 regrets/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/|/[remorseful] about x2 /:/ [also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe'u)] /=/ xenru (xer xe'u) *sorry (feels | for/pities), x1 (person) pities/feels | for x2 (person) about x3 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ kecti (kec ke'i) &sort order, x2 of porsi &sought in, set | x3 of sisku &sought, property | x2 of sisku *soul, x1 is spiritual/pertains to the | in nature [either energy or being]; x1 is ghostly/ethereal /:/ [also | (= ruxse'i)] /=/ pruxi (rux ru'i) *sound (cry/yell/howl), x2 of: x1 cries out/yells/howls | x2; x1 is a crier /:/ /=/ krixa (kix ki'a) *sound (vibratory wave phenomenon), x1 is | produced/emitted by x2 /:/ [x2 sounds (intransitive verb)] /=/ sance (sna) *sound (voice/speech |), x1 is a voice/speech | of individual x2 /:/ /=/ voksa (vok vo'a) *sound (whistling |), x2 of: x1 [sound source] whistles/makes whistling |/note/tone/melody x2 /:/ /=/ siclu (sil) *sound (| produced by bell/chime), x2 of: x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing |/note x2 /:/ [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)] /=/ janbe (jab) *sound (| produced verbally), x2 of: x1 utters verbally/says/phonates/speaks [vocally makes |] x2 /:/ [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)] /=/ bacru (ba'u) &sound [v], x3 of tonga *sound correspondence (defining a rhyme/alliteration), x4 of: x1 rhymes/alliterates with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching | correspondence x4 (ka) /:/ [broad meaning of rhyme - any matching | correspondence] /=/ rimni (rim) &sound, x1 of sance &sound, x2 of tirna &sound, bell | x2 of janbe &sound, emit | x2 of sance &sound, whistling | x2 of siclu *sounds (animal |), x2 of: x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal |, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) *sounds (produces sound), x2 of: x1 is sound produced/emitted by x2 /:/ [x2 | (intransitive verb)] /=/ sance (sna) *sounds (song/melodic |), x1 sings/chants x2 [song/hymn/melody/melodic |] to audience x3 /:/ [melody (= sa'azgi, ralsa'azgi), harmony (= saxsa'azgi), harmonize/sing harmony (= saxsa'a), song (= selsa'a)] /=/ sanga (sag sa'a) &sounds, x2 of sance &soup ingredient, x2 of stasu &soup, x1 of stasu *soup, x1 is a quantity of |/stew/olla/olio of ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1] /=/ stasu &sour, x1 of slari &sour, find | x2 of slari *sour, x1 is |/tart to observer x2 /:/ /=/ slari (sar) *source (| of carried materials), x4 of: x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from | x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) &source data, x3 of kanji &source language, x4 of fanva &source of cargo, x4 of bevri &source of rain, x3 of carvi &source text, x2 of fanva &source, x1 of krasi &source, x2 of sitna &source, abstract | x2 of sucta &source, alcohol | x3 of xalka &source, butter | x2 of matne &source, chalk | x2 of bakri &source, cheese | x2 of cirla &source, coal | x2 of kolme &source, cork | x2 of korka &source, dirt | x2 of dertu &source, dust | x2 of pulce &source, flow | x4 of flecu &source, grease | x2 of grasu &source, jewel | x3 of jemna &source, juice | x2 of jisra &source, learning | x4 of cilre &source, light | x3 of gusni &source, liquor | x2 of jikru &source, meat | x2 of rectu &source, milk | x2 of ladru &source, mineral | x3 of kunra &source, news | x3 of nuzba &source, paper | x2 of pelji &source, petroleum | x2 of ctile &source, rubber | x2 of ckabu &source, salt | x2 of silna &source, sand | x2 of canre &source, silk | x2 of silka &source, smoke | x2 of danmo &source, soap | x2 of zbabu &source, starch | x2 of jalna &source, sugar | x2 of sakta &source, tar | x2 of tarla &source, thing having | x2 of krasi &source, tone | x3 of tonga &source, wax | x2 of lakse *source, x1 (site/event) is a |/start/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process) /:/ [also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initial] /=/ krasi (kra) *sources (origins of gathering elements), x3 of: x1 (mass/jo'u) gathers/collects at location x2 from | x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ [also focus (= seljmaji)] /=/ jmaji (jaj) &South American aspect, x2 of ketco &South American, x1 of ketco *South American, x1 reflects | culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ ketco (ket tco) &south, x1 of snanu &south, frame for | x3 of snanu &south, thing having to the | x2 of snanu *south, x1 is to the |/southern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ snanu (nan) *southern, x1 is to the south/| side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ snanu (nan) *sovereign, x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/|/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/| (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *sovereignty, x1 is the country of peoples x2 with land/territory x3; (people/territory relationship) /:/ [also |, domestic (as opposed to foreign), nation (when not referring to ethos)] /=/ gugde (gug gu'e) &Soviet aspect, x2 of softo &Soviet, x1 of softo *Soviet, x1 reflects Russian empire/USSR/ex-USSR [|]/CIS culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ softo (sof) &sow, x1 of sombo *sow, x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2 /:/ [| (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)] /=/ xarju (xaj) *sow, x1 |-s/plants x2 [crop/plants] at/in x3 /:/ /=/ sombo (som so'o) &sown in, x3 of sombo &sown, x2 of sombo *sows, x1 |/plants x2 [crop/plants] at/in x3 /:/ /=/ sombo (som so'o) &soya species, x2 of sobde &soya, x1 of sobde *soya, x1 is a quantity of | [grain/bean] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ sobde (sob so'e) *space (at-least-3-dimensional volume), x1 is |/volume/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2 /:/ [also occupy (= selca'u)] /=/ canlu (cal ca'u) *space (outer |), x1 is outer | near/associated with celestial body/region x2 /:/ /=/ kensa (kes) *space (territory), x1 is territory/domain/| of/belonging to/controlled by x2 /:/ /=/ tutra (tut) *space (| having dimensions), x2 of: x1 (property - ka) is a dimension of |/object x2 according to rules/model x3 /:/ /=/ cimde *space (|/gap between/separating), x3 of: x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/|/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone)] /=/ sepli (sep sei) &space region, outer | x2 of kensa &space with door, 1st | x2 of vorme &space with door, 2nd | x3 of vorme &space, x1 of canlu &space, occupy | x2 of canlu &space, outer | x1 of kensa &space, thing which takes up | x2 of canlu *spade, x1 is a shovel/| [bladed digging implement] for digging x2 /:/ /=/ canpa (cna) *Spain, x1 reflects Spanish-speaking culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ [metaphorical restriction to | by contrast with xispo (comparable to the distinction between glico and merko/sralo/brito/kadno); | (= sangu'e); Spanish dialects spoken in |, especially Castillian (= sansanbau)] /=/ spano (san) *span (bridge), x1 is a bridge/| over/across x2 between x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination first] /:/ /=/ cripu (rip) *span (last), x1 is permanent/lasting/[eternal] in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [time-|/expectant one] /:/ [also everlasting] /=/ vitno (vi'o) @span, see also "lasts", "survives" *span, x1 ranges/extends/|-s/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) *Spanish (pertaining to Spain or Spanish-speaking culture), x1 reflects |-speaking culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ [metaphorical restriction to Spain by contrast with xispo (comparable to the distinction between glico and merko/sralo/brito/kadno); Spain (= sangu'e); | dialects spoken in Spain, especially Castillian (= sansanbau)] /=/ spano (san) *Spanish (pertaining to Spanish-speaking America), x1 reflects Hispano-American culture/nationalities in aspect x2 /:/ [refers to |-speaking Latin-American countries, not Brazil/Guyana] /=/ xispo (xip) &Spanish aspect, x2 of spano &Spanish, x1 of spano *spank (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state) /:/ [also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty] /=/ sfasa (sfa) &spanned, x2 of kuspe *spans, x1 ranges/extends/|/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2 /:/ /=/ kuspe (kup ku'e) *sparkling, x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [also lustrous, gleaming, |, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)] /=/ carmi (cam cai) &spat from, x3 of sputu &spat out, x2 of sputu &spat to, x4 of sputu &speaker(s), x2 of bangu &speaker, x1 of bacru &speaker, x1 of cusku *speaks (converses), x1 talks/| to x2 about subject x3 in language x4 /:/ [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/discuss/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)] /=/ tavla (tav ta'a) *speaks (utters verbally), x1 utters verbally/says/phonates/| [vocally makes sound] x2 /:/ [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)] /=/ bacru (ba'u) *special (extraordinary, impressive), x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, |, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) *special (specific), x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[|]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also | to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) &special subset, x2 of steci *specialized, x1 (ka) is specific/particular/|/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) &specialty, hospital | x3 of spita *specie, x1 is a coin/token/is | issued by x2 having value x3 of composition including x4 /:/ /=/ sicni (si'i) &species with male, x2 of nakni &species, x1 of jutsi &species, amphibian | x2 of banfi &species, animal | x2 of danlu &species, ant | x2 of manti &species, apple | x2 of plise &species, banana | x2 of badna &species, barley | x2 of bavmi &species, bear | x2 of cribe &species, bee | x2 of bifce &species, berry | x2 of jbari &species, bird | x2 of cipni &species, buckwheat | x2 of xruba &species, butterfly | x2 of toldi &species, cabbage | x2 of kobli &species, camel | x2 of kumte &species, cassava | x2 of samcu &species, cat | x2 of mlatu &species, chicken | x2 of jipci &species, citrus | x2 of nimre &species, cockroach | x2 of jalra &species, conifer | x2 of ckunu &species, deer | x2 of mirli &species, dog | x2 of gerku &species, donkey | x2 of xasli &species, duck | x2 of datka &species, elephant | x2 of xanto &species, family of | x3 of jutsi &species, female | x2 of fetsi &species, fig | x2 of figre &species, fish | x2 of finpe &species, fly | x2 of sfani &species, fox | x2 of lorxu &species, fruit | x2 of grute &species, garlic | x2 of sunga &species, genus of | x2 of jutsi &species, germ | x2 of jurme &species, goat | x2 of kanba &species, goose | x2 of gunse &species, grain | x2 of gurni &species, grass | x2 of srasu &species, hemp | x2 of marna &species, horse | x2 of xirma &species, infant | x2 of cifnu &species, insect | x2 of cinki &species, lion | x2 of cinfo &species, lotus | x2 of latna &species, louse | x2 of civla &species, maize | x2 of zumri &species, mammal | x2 of mabru &species, melon | x2 of guzme &species, millet | x2 of cunmi &species, mold | x2 of mledi &species, monkey | x2 of smani &species, moss | x2 of clika &species, mouse | x2 of smacu &species, oak | x2 of cindu &species, oats | x2 of mavji &species, onion | x2 of sluni &species, pear | x2 of perli &species, pig | x2 of xarju &species, plant | x2 of spati &species, potato | x2 of patlu &species, rabbit | x2 of ractu &species, rat | x2 of ratcu &species, reptile | x2 of respa &species, rice | x2 of rismi &species, rose | x2 of rozgu &species, rye | x2 of mraji &species, sheep | x2 of lanme &species, snake | x2 of since &species, sorghum | x2 of sorgu &species, soya | x2 of sobde &species, spider | x2 of jukni &species, tiger | x2 of tirxu &species, tobacco | x2 of tanko &species, tomato | x2 of tamca &species, tree | x2 of tricu &species, tulip | x2 of tujli &species, turkey | x2 of xruki &species, wheat | x2 of maxri &species, wolf | x2 of labno &species, wood | x2 of mudri &species, worm | x2 of curnu *species, x1 is a | of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) &species/breed, bovine | x2 of bakni &specific, x1 of steci &specific, set with | x3 of steci *specific, x1 (ka) is |/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is |/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) *specifically associated with, x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly associated with/|]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) &specified by law, x2 of flalu &specified, x2 of steci *specifying (of a law), x1 is a law | x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5 /:/ [x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/licit/legalized/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)] /=/ flalu (fla) *specimen, x1 is an example/sample/|/instance/case/illustration of common property(s) x2 of set x3 /:/ /=/ mupli (mup) *speech sound, x1 is a voice/| of individual x2 /:/ /=/ voksa (vok vo'a) *speed (| of wind), x3 of: x1 is a breeze/wind/gale from direction x2 with | x3; x1 blows from x2 /:/ /=/ brife (bif bi'e) &speed, wind | x3 of brife *sperm, x1 is an egg/ovum/|/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2 /:/ [(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevysovyseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso'a), of a bird (= cpifetso'a, cpiso'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso'a, jipcyso'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn't for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi] /=/ sovda (sov so'a) &spewed, x2 of jetce *sphere (ball), x1 is a ball/|/orb/globe [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [made of x2] /:/ [also round] /=/ bolci (bol boi) *sphere (domain of a universe), x2 of: x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/| x2 defined by rules x3 /:/ [also world; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) *sphere (| of authority), x2 of: x1 has authority/is an official in/on/over matter/|/persons x2 derived on basis x3 /:/ /=/ catni (ca'i) *sphere (| of dominion of a deity), x3 of: x1 is a/the god/deity of people(s)/religion x2 with dominion over x3 [|]; x1 is divine /:/ [also divinity] /=/ cevni (cev cei) &sphere of influence, x2 of catni *spherical, x1 is a ball/sphere/orb/globe [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a | object [made of x2] /:/ [also round] /=/ bolci (bol boi) *sphincter, x1 is a collar/ring/belt/band/| around/surrounding x2 made of material x3 /:/ /=/ karli *spice, x1 is a seasoning/condiment/| causing flavor/effect x2 (event/property) /:/ [also: x1 flavors x2 (tu'a)] /=/ tsapi *spicy, x1 is pungent/piquant/peppery/| to sense x2 /:/ [also prickly (= pe'urcpina)] /=/ cpina &spider species, x2 of jukni &spider, x1 of jukni *spider, x1 is a |/arachnid/[crustacean/crab/lobster/non-insect arthropod] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ jukni (juk) *spin (as a basis for pseudogravity), x4 of: x1 falls/drops to x2 from x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4 /:/ [note: things can fall in |, thrust, or tide as well as gravity; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] /=/ farlu (fal fa'u) &spin on axle, x2 of jendu *spindle, x1 is an axle/| [tool] on which x2 rotates, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ jendu (jed) *spine (as a column of bones), x1 is a column/pillar of material x2 /:/ [| (= bo'urkamju), vertebra (= kamjybo'u)] /=/ kamju *spine (pertaining to the back side), x1 is posterior/behind/back/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3 /:/ [also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; | (= rixybo'u, rixybo'ukamju)] /=/ trixe (rix ti'e) &spiral dimension, x3 of sarlu &spiral limits, x2 of sarlu &spiral, x1 of sarlu *spiral, x1 is a |/helix/whorl/[vortex] [shape/form] with limits x2, of dimensionality x3 /:/ /=/ sarlu &spirit, x1 of pruxi *spirit, x1 is |-ual/pertains to the soul in nature [either energy or being]; x1 is ghostly/ethereal /:/ [also soul (= ruxse'i)] /=/ pruxi (rux ru'i) *spirits (liquor), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of liquor/| distilled from x2 /:/ /=/ jikru *spiritual, x1 is |/pertains to the soul in nature [either energy or being]; x1 is ghostly/ethereal /:/ [also soul (= ruxse'i)] /=/ pruxi (rux ru'i) &spit [n], x2 of sputu &spit, x1 of sputu *spit, x1 |-s/expectorates x2 [predominantly liquid] from x3 to/onto x4 /:/ [saliva/|/sputum/spittle (= molselpu'u)] /=/ sputu (put pu'u) *spits, x1 |/expectorates x2 [predominantly liquid] from x3 to/onto x4 /:/ [saliva/spit/sputum/spittle (= molselpu'u)] /=/ sputu (put pu'u) *spittle (something expectorated), x2 of: x1 spits/expectorates x2 [predominantly liquid] from x3 to/onto x4 /:/ [saliva/spit/sputum/| (= molselpu'u)] /=/ sputu (put pu'u) *splendor, x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, |, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) &splinter, x2 of porpi *splinters, x1 breaks/fractures/shatters/[splits/|/cracks] into pieces x2 /:/ /=/ porpi (pop po'i) *splits (cuts through), x1 (tool/blade/force) cuts [through]/|/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3 /:/ [for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; agentive cutting (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)] /=/ katna (ka'a) *splits (fractures), x1 breaks/fractures/shatters/[|/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2 /:/ /=/ porpi (pop po'i) &spoken language, x4 of tavla &sponge, x1 of panje *sponge, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of |/porous material /:/ [also metaphorically used for coral, Swiss cheese] /=/ panje *spontaneous, x1 is natural/|/instinctive, not [consciously] caused by person(s) /:/ /=/ rarna (rar) &spoon material, x3 of smuci &spoon, x1 of smuci &spoon, done with | x2 of smuci *spoon, x1 is a |/scoop (tool) for use x2, made of material x3 /:/ /=/ smuci (muc) *spore, x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/|(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3 /:/ [also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] /=/ tsiju (tsi) *spot (inalienable location), x1 is an inherent/inalienable site/place/position/situation/|/location of x2 (object/event) /:/ [generally used for normally stationary objects/events, to give their 'permanent' location] /=/ stuzi (tuz stu) *spot (mark, markings), x1(s) is a/are mark(s)/|(s) on x2 of material x3 /:/ [ba'armo'a for a pattern of marks] /=/ barna (ba'a) *spots (notices/senses), x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, |, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) *spouse, x1 is married to x2; x1 is a | of x2 under law/custom/tradition/system/convention x3 /:/ /=/ speni (spe) &spread from, is | x3 of preja &spread to, is | x2 of preja &spread, x1 of preja &spread, evenly | x2 of manfo *spread, x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa'u) /:/ [also |, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu'e)] /=/ fatri (fai) *spread, x1 |-s/expands over/into x2 from initial state x3 /:/ /=/ preja (pej pe'a) *spreadable (| fat), x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but | at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)] /=/ matne *spreads, x1 |/expands over/into x2 from initial state x3 /:/ /=/ preja (pej pe'a) &spring location, x3 of vensa &spring, x1 of vensa *spring, x1 is a well/| of fluid x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ jinto *spring, x1 is |/springtime [warming season] of year x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is vernal /:/ /=/ vensa (ves) &spring, year of | x2 of vensa *springs (jumps), x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/|/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 /:/ [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression] /=/ plipe (pip pi'e) *springtime, x1 is spring/| [warming season] of year x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is vernal /:/ /=/ vensa (ves) *springy, (adjective:) x1 is elastic/| /:/ /=/ pruni (pun) *sputum (expectorated substance), x2 of: x1 spits/expectorates x2 [predominantly liquid] from x3 to/onto x4 /:/ [saliva/spit/|/spittle (= molselpu'u)] /=/ sputu (put pu'u) *squad, x1 is a crew/team/gang/|/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) &square vertices, x2 of kurfa &square, x1 of kurfa *square, x1 is a right-angled shape/form defined by set of vertices x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) /:/ [also rectangle, |, rectilinear; | (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)] /=/ kurfa (kur) *squash, x1 is a melon/| [fruit/plant] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ guzme (guz zme) *squashes, x1 [force] mashes/crushes/|/smashes x2 into pulp/mash/crumbs/deformed mass x3 /:/ /=/ marxa (max) *stab, x1 (object, usually pointed) pokes/jabs/|-s/prods x2 (experiencer) /:/ [agentive (= tungau, tunzu'e)] /=/ tunta (tun) &stable, x1 of stodi *stable, x1 is constant/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3 /:/ [also |/consistent/steadfast/firm/steady] /=/ stodi (sto) *stabs, x1 (object, usually pointed) pokes/jabs/|/prods x2 (experiencer) /:/ [agentive (= tungau, tunzu'e)] /=/ tunta (tun) *stack, x1 is a heap/pile/|/mound/hill of materials x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ derxi (dre) *staff, x1 is a rod/pole/|/stick/cane [shape/form] of material x2 /:/ /=/ grana (ga'a) *stag, x1 is a deer/elk/moose/[hart/|/doe] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ mirli *stage (platform/dais), x1 is a |/platform/dais/[scaffold] at/in x2 supporting x3, made of material x4 /:/ (x3 object/event) /=/ tsina (sin) *stage (potentially temporary circumstance), x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/|/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2 /:/ [characteristics or environment of an object/event/process | or state that are typically/potentially only temporary] /=/ tcini *stage (| at which sudden change occurs), x2 of: x1 (event/state) is sudden/sharply changes at |/point x2 in process/property/function x3 /:/ [also abrupt, discontinuous] /=/ suksa (suk) *stage (| requiring necessity), x3 of: x1 needs/requires/is dependent on/[wants] necessity x2 for purpose/action/| of process x3 /:/ [no implication of lack] /=/ nitcu (tcu) &stage material, x4 of tsina &stage, x1 of tsina &stage, on | x3 of tsina &stage, process | x4 of pruce @stage, see also "state" &stage, thing having | x2 of tsina *stages (| of a process), x4 of: x1 is a process with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, passing through steps/| x4 /:/ [x2 resource (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)] /=/ pruce (ruc ru'e) *stages (| of evolution), x4 of: x1 develops/evolves towards/into x2 from x3 through | x4 /:/ /=/ farvi (fav) &stages, development | x4 of farvi &stair steps, x3 of serti &stairs, x1 of serti &stairs, with | x2 of serti *stairs, x1 are |/stairway/steps for climbing structure x2 with steps x3 /:/ /=/ serti (ser) *stairway, x1 are stairs/|/steps for climbing structure x2 with steps x3 /:/ /=/ serti (ser) &stalk, x1 of stani &stalk, thing having | x2 of stani *stalk, x1 is a/the |/stem/trunk [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: main support] /:/ /=/ stani *stalks, x1 hunts/| prey/quarry x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also verb to fish (= fipkalte)] /=/ kalte (kat) *stalky (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 is the edible x2 portion of plant x3; x1 is a vegetable /:/ [note that fruits and nuts are also vegetables; generally this word will be used for either the general category of edible plants, or for non-fruit vegetables (= nalrutstagi)] /=/ stagi *stallion, x1 is a horse/equine/[colt/mare/|/pony] of species/breed x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is equine/equestrian] /=/ xirma (xir xi'a) *stalls (shops in a marketplace), x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the |/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) *stamen, x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/|/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ] /=/ ganti &stamp, x3 of prina *stand (pedestal), x1 is a pedestal/base/|/pallet supporting x2 (object/event), of materials/properties x3 /:/ [pallet (= lafyzbe)] /=/ zbepi (zbe) *stand (| argued against), x2 of: x1 argues for stand x2 against | x3; [an opponent is not necessary] /:/ /=/ darlu (dau) *stand (| argued for), x2 of: x1 argues for | x2 against stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary] /:/ /=/ darlu (dau) &stand, x1 of sanli *stand, x1 |-s [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is |-ing; x1 |-s up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) *standard (| for length), x3 of: x1 is long in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement | x3 /:/ /=/ clani (cla) *standard (| for shortness), x3 of: x1 is short in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement | x3 /:/ /=/ tordu (tor to'u) &standard, acre | x3 of kramu &standard, aliveness | x2 of jmive &standard, ampere | x3 of xampo &standard, badness | x3 of xlali &standard, beauty | x4 of melbi &standard, bigness | x3 of barda &standard, boyhood | x3 of nanla &standard, brave | x3 of virnu &standard, breadth | x3 of ganra &standard, candela | x3 of delno &standard, child | x3 of verba &standard, cleanness | x3 of jinsa &standard, clumsiness | x2 of juxre &standard, coldness | x2 of lenku &standard, completion | x3 of mulno &standard, complexity | x3 of pluja &standard, correctness | x4 of drani &standard, costliness | x3 of kargu &standard, craziness | x2 of fenki &standard, cubit | x3 of gutci &standard, depth | x4 of condi &standard, earliness | x2 of clira &standard, error | x4 of srera &standard, evil | x2 of palci &standard, excess | x3 of dukse &standard, expertise | x3 of certu &standard, falsity | x2 of jitfa &standard, familiarity | x4 of slabu &standard, family | x3 of lanzu &standard, full day | x3 of djedi &standard, gallon | x3 of dekpu &standard, girlhood | x3 of nixli &standard, goodness | x3 of xamgu &standard, gram | x3 of grake &standard, greatness | x3 of banli &standard, halfness | x3 of xadba &standard, health | x2 of kanro &standard, heaviness | x2 of tilju &standard, height | x3 of galtu &standard, hot | x2 of glare &standard, hour | x3 of cacra &standard, kelvin | x3 of kelvo &standard, lateness | x2 of lerci &standard, length | x3 of clani &standard, lightweight | x2 of linto &standard, liter | x3 of litce &standard, loudness | x3 of cladu &standard, lowness | x3 of dizlo &standard, meter | x4 of mitre &standard, mile | x4 of minli &standard, minute | x3 of mentu &standard, mole | x3 of molro &standard, month | x3 of masti &standard, narrowness | x3 of jarki &standard, newness | x4 of cnino &standard, nobility | x2 of nobli &standard, norm | x4 of cnano &standard, obligation | x3 of bilga &standard, oftenness | x2 of cafne &standard, otherness | x3 of drata &standard, parallelism | x4 of panra &standard, permanence | x3 of vitno &standard, plumpness | x2 of plana &standard, politeness | x3 of clite &standard, pound | x3 of bunda &standard, quietness | x3 of smaji &standard, radian | x3 of radno &standard, sameness | x3 of mintu &standard, sanity | x2 of racli &standard, second | x3 of snidu &standard, sexuality | x4 of cinse &standard, shallowness | x4 of caxno &standard, shortness | x3 of tordu &standard, smallness | x3 of cmalu &standard, steradian | x3 of stero &standard, strength | x3 of tsali &standard, thickness | x3 of rotsu &standard, thinness | x3 of cinla &standard, transience | x3 of zasni &standard, truth | x2 of jetnu &standard, unit | x2 of gradu &standard, virtue | x2 of vrude &standard, weakness | x3 of ruble &standard, week | x3 of jeftu &standard, year | x3 of nanca &standard, youth | x2 of citno *standards (moral/ethical |), x1 are the ethics/morals/moral |/ethical | of x2 (individual/mass) about situation x3 /:/ [x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)] /=/ marde (mad) *standing, x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is |; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) *stands, x1 | [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 | up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) *stands-in, x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/| for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3 /:/ [also: on behalf of] /=/ krati (ka'i) *staple (most important), x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[|], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka) /:/ [| (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja'a, ralterbe'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)] /=/ ralju (ral) &star properties, x2 of tarci &star, x1 of tarci *star, x1 is a |/sun with stellar properties x2 /:/ /=/ tarci (tar) &starch composition, x3 of jalna &starch source, x2 of jalna &starch, x1 of jalna *starch, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | from source x2 of composition including x3 /:/ /=/ jalna *starchy root (edible), x1 is a quantity of cassava/taro/manioc/tapioca/yam [edible |] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ samcu *start (origin/source), x1 (site/event) is a source/|/beginning/origin of x2 (object/event/process) /:/ [also root (figurative sense); (adjective:) x1 is initial] /=/ krasi (kra) *start (| of a leap, x3 of: x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from | x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5 /:/ [place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like |] /=/ plipe (pip pi'e) &start time, x2 of temci &start, road | x2 of dargu &start, straight | x2 of sirji *starting (| after a wait/pause), x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before |/continuing x4 (activity/process) /:/ [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4] /=/ denpa (dep de'a) *starting point (of a route/course), x3 of: x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to destination x2 from | x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/|, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) *starting point (| of fall), x3 of: x1 falls/drops to x2 from | x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4 /:/ [note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or tide as well as gravity; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] /=/ farlu (fal fa'u) &starting point of a leap, x3 of plipe &starting point, x3 of klama &starting point, x3 of pluta *starting time (| of an interval), x2 of: x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/[elapsed time] from |/time/event x2 to time/event x3 /:/ /=/ temci (tem tei) &startled, x2 of spaji *startles, x1 (event/action abstract) surprises/|/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2 /:/ [also expectation (= nalspaji), alarm (= te'arspaji)] /=/ spaji (paj) *starts (commences), x1 [state/event/process] commences/initiates/|/begins to occur; (intransitive verb) /:/ /=/ cfari (cfa) *starts before, x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter /:/ [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it |, x1 | x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 | (= fa'opru), x1 is completed before x2 | (= mu'opru)] /=/ purci (pur pru) *state (polity governing territory), x1 is a polity/| governing territory/domain x2; [government/territory relationship] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is civil/political] /=/ jecta (jec je'a) *state (potentially temporary circumstance), x1 [|/property] is a situation/condition/|/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2 /:/ [characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or | that are typically/potentially only temporary] /=/ tcini &state returned from, x4 of xruti &state returned to, x3 of xruti &state, oscillation | x3 of slilu @state, see also "stage" &state, waiting | x3 of denpa *stately, x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, |, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) *statement (| cited/quoted), x3 of: x1 cites/quotes/refers to/makes reference to source x2 for information/| x3 (du'u) /:/ /=/ sitna (sit) *statement, x1 (text) is a sentence/| about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/focus] in language x3 /:/ /=/ jufra (juf ju'a) *states (asserts), x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority] /:/ [also: x1 |/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2] /=/ xusra (xus xu'a) *states (sequence of oscillatory |), x3 of: x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-| x3 (complete specification) /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves] /=/ slilu (sli) *station (node in system/network), x1 is a |/node of/in/on transport/communication/distribution system/network x2 /:/ [x2 may be represented by massed vehicles of system] /=/ tcana *station (radio frequency of broadcast), x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via |/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4 /:/ /=/ cradi &station, x1 of tcana &station, radio | x3 of cradi &station, system with | x2 of tcana *statistic, x1 (du'u) [fact/measurement] is data/information/|(s) about x2 gathered by method x3 /:/ [evidence (= velji'i datni or just velji'i, ti'irdatni)] /=/ datni &stay in camp, x2 of ginka *stay, x1 remains/|-s at/abides/lasts with x2 /:/ /=/ stali (sta) *stays (remains), x1 remains/| at/abides/lasts with x2 /:/ /=/ stali (sta) *stays away from, x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event) /:/ [also detours around, |; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)] /=/ rivbi (riv) @stays, see also "constant", "endures" *steadfast, x1 is constant/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3 /:/ [also stable/consistent/|/firm/steady] /=/ stodi (sto) *steady, x1 is constant/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3 /:/ [also stable/consistent/steadfast/firm/|] /=/ stodi (sto) &steel composition, x2 of gasta &steel, x1 of gasta *steel, x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains | of composition including x2 /:/ /=/ gasta (gat) *steep, x1 is sloped/inclined/slanted/aslant with angle x2 to horizon/frame x3 /:/ [also | (= tcesa'o); normally implies non-rectilinear] /=/ salpo (sa'o) *steer, x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/|/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ bakni (bak) *steering committee, x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, | (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *stellar (of a star), x1 is a star/sun with stellar properties x2; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ /=/ tarci (tar) *stellar (of the properties of a star), x2 of: x1 is a star/sun with | properties x2 /:/ /=/ tarci (tar) &stellar property, x2 of tarci *stem (prickly-|-med plant), x1 is a rose [flower - characterized by prickly |/fragrance] of species/strain x2 /:/ [roses are not all pink; avoid using for color rose, which might be labyxu'e] /=/ rozgu (roz zgu) *stem (stalk, trunk), x1 is a/the stalk/|/trunk [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: main support] /:/ /=/ stani &step, x1 of stapa &step, x4 of pruce *step, x1 |-s/treads on/in surface x2 using limbs x3 /:/ /=/ stapa (tap) &stepped on, surface | x2 of stapa &stepping limb, x3 of stapa *steps (stages of a process), x4 of: x1 is a process with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, passing through |/stages x4 /:/ [x2 resource (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)] /=/ pruce (ruc ru'e) *steps (stairs), x1 are stairs/stairway/| for climbing structure x2 with | x3 /:/ /=/ serti (ser) *steps (treads on), x1 |/treads on/in surface x2 using limbs x3 /:/ /=/ stapa (tap) &steps, x3 of serti @steps, see also "stages" &steps, stair | x3 of serti &steradian standard, x3 of stero &steradian, x1 of stero *steradian, x1 is x2 |(s) [metric unit] in solid angle (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ stero (te'o) &steradians, quantity in | x2 of stero *stew, x1 is a quantity of soup/|/olla/olio of ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1] /=/ stasu *stick, x1 is a rod/pole/staff/|/cane [shape/form] of material x2 /:/ /=/ grana (ga'a) *sticks, x1 adheres/| to x2; (adjective:) x1 is sticky/gummy/adhesive /:/ [note that x1 is the adhering surface being claimed; x2 need not be sticky] /=/ snipa (nip) &sticky, x1 of snipa *sticky, x1 adheres/sticks to x2; (adjective:) x1 is |/gummy/adhesive /:/ [note that x1 is the adhering surface being claimed; x2 need not be |] /=/ snipa (nip) &stiff, x1 of tinsa *stiff, x1 is |/rigid/inflexible/resistant in direction x2 against force x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also sometimes: firm, hard; not limited to physical forces; e.g. mental rigidity] /=/ tinsa &stiffness conditions, x4 of tinsa &stiffness direction, x2 of tinsa &stiffness, meeting | x3 of tinsa *still, x1 (source) is quiet/silent/[|] at observation point x2 by standard x3 /:/ /=/ smaji (sma) *stimulant (immune-system |), x1 is a vaccine/immune-system | protecting x2 against disease x3 introduced by method x4 /:/ [also serum; inoculation (= jestu'u veljinku)] /=/ jinku *stimulate (attempt to |), x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to |, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) &stimulate, x3 of frati *stimulates (of a pencil/stylus making marks), x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 /:/ [also writing brush; x1 | substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)] /=/ pinsi (pis) *stimulates (of a stimulus), x3 of: x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 | x1 into reaction x2, x3 | reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) *stimulates (| senses), x2 of: x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which | x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) @stimulates, see also "triggers" *stimulus (answered |), x2 of: x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/| x2 with response x3 /:/ [x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the |, rather than something it is doing] /=/ spuda (spu) *stimulus (| not provoking change), x3 of: x1 is constant/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to |/conditions x3 /:/ [also stable/consistent/steadfast/firm/steady] /=/ stodi (sto) *stimulus (| property noticed), x2 of: x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices | property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel] /=/ ganse (gas ga'e) *stimulus (| provoking reaction), x3 of: x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to | x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive /:/ [x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)] /=/ frati (fra) &stimulus reacted to, x3 of frati &stimulus, x2 of frati &stimulus, x2 of spuda &stir, x1 of jicla *stir, x1 (object, or event: force) |-s/mixes/[roils/agitates] fluid (gas/liquid) x2 /:/ [convection (= nenflejicla); agentive |-ring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)] /=/ jicla &stirred, x2 of jicla *stirring (agentive |), x1 (object, or event: force) stirs/mixes/[roils/agitates] fluid (gas/liquid) x2 /:/ [convection (= nenflejicla); agentive | (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)] /=/ jicla *stirs, x1 (object, or event: force) |/mixes/[roils/agitates] fluid (gas/liquid) x2 /:/ [convection (= nenflejicla); agentive stirring (= jiclygau, jiclyzu'e)] /=/ jicla *stitches, x1 sews/|/sutures materials x2 (individual/set) together with tool(s) x3, using filament x4 /:/ (x2 if a set must be a complete specification) /=/ fenso (fen fe'o) *stocking, x1 is a sock/| [flexible foot and lower leg garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ smoka (smo) *stomach, x1 is a/the abdomen/belly/lower trunk [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection] /:/ [also | (= djaruntyrango), digestive tract (= befctirango, befctirangyci'e)] /=/ betfu (bef be'u) *stone (polished |/gem), x1 is a gem/polished |/pearl of type x2 from gemstone/material/source x3 /:/ [also jewel (= jmeja'i); gemstone (= x2, x3, or jmero'i, jmekunra); pearl (= selcakyjme - a gem found inside a shell, tercakyjme - a gem made of shell material, boijme - any ball-shaped gem), mother-of-pearl (= cakyjme)] /=/ jemna (jme) *stone (rock), x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains rock/| of type/composition x2 from location x3 /:/ [x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification] /=/ rokci (rok ro'i) *stone (| used as projectile), x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2 /:/ [also cannonball, catapult |, shot pellet(s)] /=/ danti (dan) &stood on, surface | x2 of sanli &stood with, limb | x3 of sanli *stool, x1 is a chair/|/seat/bench, a piece or portion of a piece of furniture intended for sitting /:/ /=/ stizu (tiz) &stop, x1 of sisti &stopped by closure, x3 of ganlo &stopped by net, x3 of julne &stopped, x2 of sisti &stopper of bottle, x4 of botpi *stops (halts/ceases), x1 [agent] ceases/|/halts activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing it] /:/ /=/ sisti (sti) *stops (interrupts), x1 (event) interrupts/|/halts/[disrupts]/disturbs x2 (object/event/process) due to quality x3 /:/ /=/ dicra (dir) *stops (of a thing/process at its end/termination), x2 of: x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] /:/ [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/|/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)] /=/ fanmo (fam fa'o) *stops (prevents), x1 prevents/keeps/|/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring /:/ /=/ fanta *storage medium (something written/inscribed upon), x3 of: x1 inscribes/writes x2 on display/| x3 with writing implement x4; x1 is a scribe /:/ [also x3 writing surface] /=/ ciska (ci'a) *store (market), x1 is a market/|/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) &store location, x4 of sorcu &store, x1 of sorcu *store, x1 is a |/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 /:/ [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2]; (cf. panka; vreji for information storage; sabji for a | or reserve that is not necessarily tied to a site) /=/ sorcu (soc sro) *stored (of material in storage), x2 of: x1 is a store/deposit/supply/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 /:/ [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the supply is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the | x2] /=/ sorcu (soc sro) &stored, x2 of sorcu &storehouse, x3 of sorcu &stores, container for | x3 of sorcu *story (myth/legend), x1 is a myth/legend, a culturally significant | about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4 /:/ [also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures of |/myth/legend/religion, e.g. dragon (these animals are ramda'u); fairy tale (= veryranmi)] /=/ ranmi (ram) *story (tale/narrative), x1 is a |/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts |/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author] /=/ lisri (lis) *story (work of fiction), x1 is a work of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3 /:/ [also |, lie, untrue] /=/ cfika (fik fi'a) *story (| of a building), x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2 /:/ [floor/level/| of a building/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)] /=/ loldi (lol loi) &story subject, x2 of lisri &story, x1 of lisri &story, hear | x4 of lisri &story, plot of a | x2 of lisri &story, tell | x3 of lisri &storyteller, x3 of lisri *storyteller, x3 of: x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by | x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the | need not be the author] /=/ lisri (lis) *stout, x1 is thick in dimension/direction x2 by standard x3; [relatively long in smallest dimension] /:/ [also |] /=/ rotsu (rot tsu ro'u) *straight (direct/| line), x1 is |/direct/line segment/interval between x2 and x3; (adjective:) x1 is linear /:/ /=/ sirji (sir) *straight (honest/revealing), x1 is honest/open/truthfully revealing to/candid/frank with x2 about matter/fact x3 /:/ [also |, |-forward] /=/ stace (sac) &straight start, x2 of sirji *straight up and down, x1 is vertical/upright/erect/plumb/oriented | in reference frame/gravity x2 /:/ /=/ sraji (raj) &straight, x1 of sirji &straight, end of | x3 of sirji *strained (taut), x1 is taut/tense/| tight in direction x2 /:/ /=/ trati &strainer, x3 of rinci @strainer, see also "net" *strainer, x3 of: x1 liquid/fluid drains/strains/flushes from source x2 through drain/| x3 by force x4 /:/ [x4 is usually gravity] /=/ rinci *strains, x1 liquid/fluid drains/|/flushes from source x2 through drain/strainer x3 by force x4 /:/ [x4 is usually gravity] /=/ rinci *strands, x1 is cord/cable/rope/line/twine/cordage/woven | of material x2 /:/ /=/ skori (sko) &strange thing, x1 of cizra &strange, find | x2 of cizra *strange, x1 is |/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [also alien, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic] /=/ cizra (ciz) &strangeness property, x3 of cizra *stratum, x1 is a layer/| [shape/form] of x2 [material] within structure/continuum/composite x3 /:/ /=/ senta (set) *stream (current/flow), x1 is a current/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/toward x3 from direction/source x4 /:/ [x1 is a | of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (= camfle, sukfle)] /=/ flecu (fle) *stream (jet), x1 is a jet [expelled |] of material x2 expelled from x3 /:/ /=/ jetce (je'e) @stream, see also "river" &street location, x2 of klaji &street, x1 of klaji &street, accessed from | x3 of klaji &street, along a | x3 of klaji *street, x1 is a |/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/way/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 /:/ [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it] /=/ klaji (laj) &strength property, x2 of tsali &strength standard, x3 of tsali *stress (emphasis), x1 emphasizes/accentuates/gives emphasis/|/accent to x2 by (action) x3 /:/ [also: say forcefully] /=/ basna *stressed (anguished), x1 is anguished/distressed/emotionally wrought/| by x2 /:/ /=/ dunku (duk du'u) &stressed thing, x2 of basna &stretch dimension, x3 of tcena &stretch, x1 of tcena *stretch, x1 |-es/extends to range x2 [interval/extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4 /:/ /=/ tcena (ten) &stretched range, x2 of tcena *stretches, x1 |/extends to range x2 [interval/extent] in dimension x3 from relaxed range x4 /:/ /=/ tcena (ten) *strides, x1 walks/|/paces on surface x2 using limbs x3 /:/ /=/ cadzu (dzu) *strikes, x1 hits/|/[beats] x2 with instrument [or body-part] x3 at locus x4 /:/ /=/ darxi (dax da'i) *striking (of lightning), x1 is lightning/electrical arc/thunderbolt | at/extending to x2 from x3 /:/ [also thunder (= lidysna)] /=/ lindi (lid) *stringed (musical instrument), x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [| musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 /:/ [also lute, viola, cello] /=/ jgita (git) *strip, x1 is a ribbon/tape/|/band/stripe of material x2 /:/ /=/ dasri (sri) @stripe, consider metaphor "ribbon-mark" (= sriba'a) *stripe, x1 is a ribbon/tape/strip/band/| of material x2 /:/ /=/ dasri (sri) @striped, consider metaphor "ribbon-marked" (= sriselba'a) *stripes (of the pattern of a tiger's coat), x1 is a tiger/leopard/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with coat markings x3 /:/ [a great cat noted/recognized by its markings, metaphorically: |, tiger markings] /=/ tirxu &stroke, x1 of satre *stroke, x1 (agent) |-s/rubs/pets x2 with x3 /:/ [pet (= pamsa'e)] /=/ satre (sa'e) &stroked with, x3 of satre &stroked, x2 of satre *strokes, x1 (agent) |/rubs/pets x2 with x3 /:/ [pet (= pamsa'e)] /=/ satre (sa'e) *strong (iron as metaphor for |), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of iron (Fe); [metaphor: |, durable, tarnishing] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is ferric/ferrous] /=/ tirse (tir) *strong (powerful), x1 is |/powerful/[tough] in property/quality x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ tsali (tsa) &strong, x1 of tsali *strongly associated, x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/individuals of a subset of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a subset or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/|/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) &struck by lightning, x2 of lindi &struck, x2 of darxi *structure (arrangement/organization), x1 is a |/arrangement/organization of x2 [set/system/complexity] /:/ (x2, if a set, is completely specified) /=/ stura (tur su'a) *structure (frame/skeleton), x1 is a frame/|/skeleton/outline supporting/load-bearing/determining the form of x2 /:/ /=/ greku (rek) *structure (language | governed by grammar), x3 of: x1 is the grammar/rules/defining form of language x2 for |/text x3 /:/ /=/ gerna (gen ge'a) *structure (| containing drawers), x2 of: x1 is a drawer/file in | x2, a [sliding compartment] container for contents x3 /:/ /=/ dacru (dac) *structure (| containing stairs), x2 of: x1 are stairs/stairway/steps for climbing | x2 with steps x3 /:/ /=/ serti (ser) *structure (| having layers), x3 of: x1 is a layer/stratum [shape/form] of x2 [material] within |/continuum/composite x3 /:/ /=/ senta (set) *structure (| having rooms), x2 of: x1 is a room/chamber of/in | x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ /=/ kumfa (kum ku'a) *structure (| having walls), x4 of: x1 is a wall/fence separating x2 and x3 (unordered) of/in | x4 /:/ /=/ bitmu (bim bi'u) *structure (| having windows), x2 of: x1 is a window/portal/opening [portal] in wall/building/| x2 /:/ /=/ canko (ca'o) *structure (| of a pattern), x1 is/reflects/represents a pattern of forms/events x2 arranged according to | x3 /:/ [x3 is a [model] for x1 (= termontai, termonsi'o); image (= gusmo'a, nenmo'a, dairmo'a, selylenmo'a, selmirmo'a, velmirmo'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo'a for the ideal)] /=/ morna (mon mo'a) *structure (| of a system), x2 of: x1 (mass) system interrelated by | x2 among components x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] /=/ ciste (ci'e) *structure (| represented in a plan), x3 of: x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3 /:/ [also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the | or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3] /=/ platu (pla) *structure (| with a balcony), x2 of: x1 is a balcony/overhang/ledge/shelf of building/| x2 /:/ /=/ balni *structure (| with doorway/access way), x4 of: x1 is a doorway/gateway/access way between x2 and x3 of | x4 /:/ [note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)] /=/ vorme (vor vro) &structure language word, x4 of cmavo &structure with door, x4 of vorme &structure with room, x2 of kumfa &structure with wall, x4 of bitmu &structure word class, x2 of cmavo &structure word meaning, x3 of cmavo &structure word, x1 of cmavo *structure word, x1 is a | of grammatical class x2, with meaning/function x3 in language x4 /:/ [cmavo list, if physical object (= (loi) ma'oste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new cmavo to the cmavo list = ma'orpoi, ma'orselcmi,ma'orselste)] /=/ cmavo (ma'o) &structure, x1 of stura &structure, crystal | x3 of krili &structure, layered | x3 of senta &structure, system | x2 of ciste &structured, x2 of stura *structures, x1 organizes/| x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/organized result] by system/principle(s) x4 /:/ [x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3] /=/ ganzu (gaz) *struggle (| having neutral parties), x2 of: x1 is neutral/not taking sides/medial/not towards any extreme on scale/in dissension x2 /:/ [also x2 dispute/| (though x2 is not limited to disagreements, which is merely one manifestation of scalar or distributed values in which there is a medial position)] /=/ nutli (nul nu'i) *struggle (| having opponents), x1 is an enemy/opponent/adversary/foe of x2 in | x3 /:/ /=/ bradi &struggle with enemy, x3 of bradi *struggles, x1 fights/combats/| with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combatant /:/ [use x3 tu'a for fight over an object/objective] /=/ damba (dab da'a) &stubborn, x1 of xarnu *stubborn, x1 is |/willfully opposing/resisting x2 about x3 (event/state) /:/ [x2 may be a person, a state or condition, or a force; the essence is willful resistance] /=/ xarnu &stubbornness, object of | x2 of xarnu &stuck, x2 of snipa *student, x1 studies/is a | of x2; x1 is a scholar; (adjective:) x1 is scholarly /:/ /=/ tadni (tad) &studied, x2 of tadni *studies, x1 |/is a student of x2; x1 is a scholar; (adjective:) x1 is scholarly /:/ /=/ tadni (tad) &study, x1 of tadni &study, subject of | x2 of tadni *study, x1 |-es/is a student of x2; x1 is a scholar; (adjective:) x1 is scholarly /:/ /=/ tadni (tad) *stuff, x1 (object) fills/becomes |-ed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 /:/ [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)] /=/ tisna (tis) *stuff, x1 is material/|/matter of type/composition including x2 in shape/form x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is physical (one sense)/material] /=/ marji (maj mai) &stuffed, x1 of tisna @stuffed, see also "full" *stuffed, x1 (object) fills/becomes | [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1 /:/ [implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse'a, tisygau, tisyzu'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacysetca); pour into (= liktisna, agentive liksetca)] /=/ tisna (tis) &stuffing, x2 of tisna *stuffs, x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits/pours/inflates/|/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 /:/ [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); syringe/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) *stuns, x1 (event) shocks/| x2 /:/ /=/ jenca (jen) *style, x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 /:/ [also practice/way/mode; |/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)] /=/ tadji *stylus, x1 is a pencil/crayon/| applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 /:/ [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)] /=/ pinsi (pis) &sub-unit of acre, x4 of kramu &sub-unit of cubits, x4 of gutci &subdivided, x4 of bitmu *subgroup, x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/|/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) /:/ [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum] /=/ klesi (kle lei) &subject discovered, x3 of facki &subject known, x3 of djuno &subject learned about, x3 of cilre &subject of analysis, x2 of lanli &subject of book, x2 of cukta &subject of drama, x2 of draci &subject of study, x2 of tadni &subject of talk, x3 of tavla &subject taught, x4 of ctuca &subject understood, x3 of jimpe &subject, assumption | x3 of sruma &subject, belief | x3 of krici &subject, chart | x2 of cartu &subject, comment | x2 of pinka &subject, data | x2 of datni &subject, deception | x3 of tcica &subject, discussion | x2 of casnu &subject, dream | x2 of senva &subject, fiction | x2 of cfika &subject, film | x2 of skina &subject, guess | x3 of smadi &subject, honesty | x3 of stace &subject, idea | x2 of sidbo &subject, intuition | x3 of jijnu &subject, journal | x2 of karni &subject, judgement | x2 of pajni &subject, memory | x3 of morji &subject, message | x2 of notci &subject, myth | x2 of ranmi &subject, news | x2 of nuzba &subject, opinion | x3 of jinvi &subject, poem | x2 of pemci &subject, poverty | x2 of pindi &subject, prose | x2 of prosa &subject, question | x2 of preti &subject, school | x3 of ckule &subject, science | x2 of saske &subject, sentence | x2 of jufra &subject, seriousne | x2 of junri &subject, story | x2 of lisri &subject, talk | x3 of tavla &subject, taught | x4 of ctuca %subject, x1 is an event of x2(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discussing/talking about topic/| x3 /:/ [also x1 is a chat/conversation/discussion/palaver] /=/ nunsnu &subjected to destiny, person/thing | x2 of dimna *subjects (| of ruler/governor), x2 of: x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/| x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *submerged, x1 (object/person) is immersed/|/bathes in liquid x2 /:/ [take a bath/bathe (= jirsezlu'i)] /=/ jinru (jir) *subordinate, x1 is a deputy/vice/| in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to principal x3 /:/ [also assistant, adjutant] /=/ vipsi (vip) *subset (category/subgroup), x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/| within x2 with defining property x3 (ka) /:/ [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum] /=/ klesi (kle lei) *subset (| defined by property specific to members), x2 of: x1 (ka) is specific/particular/specialized/[special]/a defining property of x2 among x3 (set) /:/ [x2 are members/individuals of a | of x3; object whose association is specific/defining of a | or individuals (= tecra'a); [x2 is also special to x1]); also: especially/strongly/specifically associated]; (x3 is completely specified set)] /=/ steci (tec te'i) &subset, special | x2 of steci *subspecies, x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also |, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) *substance (chemical |), x1 is an instance of |/chemical/drug x2 (individual or mass) with purity x3 /:/ /=/ xukmi (xum xu'i) *substance (| occurring in pieces/chunks), x2 of: x1 [object/|] is a piece/portion/lump/chunk/particle of x2 [|] /:/ /=/ spisa (spi) *substance, x1 is x2 mole(s) [metric unit] in | (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ molro (mo'o) *substitute (replacement), x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/| /:/ [also: x1 trades places with x2] /=/ basti (bas) *substitute (sugar |), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar | (sakybasti, basysakta, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ sakta (sat) &substitute, x1 of basti *substitutes, x1 replaces/| for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute /:/ [also: x1 trades places with x2] /=/ basti (bas) *substrate (that which is joined/fastened to), x3 of: x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches x2 to x3 with fastener x4 /:/ [no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the |, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached] /=/ lasna (la'a) *substrate medium (| stimulated by a pencil/stylus), x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 /:/ [also writing brush; x1 stimulates | x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)] /=/ pinsi (pis) &subtend angle, x3 of jganu *subtended, x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 | by lateral [segment] x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)] /=/ jganu (jga) *subtle, x1 is delicate/fragile/|/refined in property x2 (ka) /:/ [easily damaged or rendered less pleasing/pure/effective] /=/ ralci (rac) *subtracts, x1 removes/|/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) &subtrahend, x2 of vimcu &subunit of gallon, 1st | x4 of dekpu &subunit of pound, first | x4 of bunda *subunit, x1 is a cell/atom/unit/molecule of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most basic | of x2 /:/ (x2 generally has mass nature) /=/ selci (sle) *subunits (monetary |), x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-| as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) &subunits of miles, x3 of minli *subunits, x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 | /:/ [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ dekpu *subunits, x1 is x2 (default 1) local weight unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, | [e.g. ounces] x4 /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ bunda (bud) *subunits, x1 is x2 (default 1) long local distance unit(s) [non-metric], x3 |, standard x4 /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ minli *subunits, x1 is x2 (default 1) short local distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 | /:/ [foot (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjamgutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ gutci (guc) *subunits, x1 is x2 local area unit(s) [non-metric] (default 1) by standard x3, x4 | /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ kramu &suburb, x1 of jarbu &suburb, city of | x2 of jarbu *suburb, x1 is a |-an area of city/metropolis x2 /:/ /=/ jarbu *suburban, x1 is a | area of city/metropolis x2 /:/ /=/ jarbu *subway (= tu'unre'e), x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also |, metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) *succeed (come after in time sequence), x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, |, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) &succeed, x1 of snada *succeed, x1 [agent] |-s in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) *succeeds, x1 [agent] | in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) &success, x2 of snada &success, means to | x3 of snada *successful, x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/try x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is |; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) *successfully cure, x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; | cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) *successor, x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, succeed, |, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) &suck, x1 of sakci *suck, x1 |-s/is suction/vacuum/relatively low pressure of fluid/gas x2 relative to high pressure x3 /:/ [also | object/fluid (= sakcpu or sakmuvgau)] /=/ sakci (sak) &sucked from, x3 of sakci &sucked to, x2 of sakci *sucks up (absorbs), x1 soaks up/absorbs/| x2 from x3 into x4; x1 is an absorbant /:/ /=/ cokcu (cko) *sucks, x1 |/is suction/vacuum/relatively low pressure of fluid/gas x2 relative to high pressure x3 /:/ [also suck object/fluid (= sakcpu or sakmuvgau)] /=/ sakci (sak) *sucrose, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also |, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (sakybasti, basysakta, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ sakta (sat) *suction, x1 sucks/is |/vacuum/relatively low pressure of fluid/gas x2 relative to high pressure x3 /:/ [also suck object/fluid (= sakcpu or sakmuvgau)] /=/ sakci (sak) *sudden (sharply changing), x1 (event/state) is |/sharply changes at stage/point x2 in process/property/function x3 /:/ [also abrupt, discontinuous] /=/ suksa (suk) *sudden (unexpected), x1 (event/action abstract) surprises/startles/is unexpected [and generally |] to x2 /:/ [also expectation (= nalspaji), alarm (= te'arspaji)] /=/ spaji (paj) *sudden (| violent motion: whipping), x1 whips/lashes/snaps [a | violent motion] /:/ /=/ bikla (bik) &sudden change locus, x2 of suksa &sudden change, with | x3 of suksa &sudden, x1 of suksa *suds, x1 is a quantity of foam/froth/| of material x2, with bubbles/vacuoles of material x3 /:/ /=/ fonmo (fom fo'o) &sufferer of tragedy, x2 of betri &suffering annoyance, person | x2 of fanza &suffers an accident x2 of snuti &suffice, x1 of banzu *suffice, x1 (object) |-s/is enough/|-ient for purpose x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ banzu (baz) &sufficed, purpose | x2 of banzu *suffices, x1 (object) |/is enough/sufficient for purpose x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ banzu (baz) &sufficiency condition, x3 of banzu *sufficient (enough), x1 (object) suffices/is enough/| for purpose x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ banzu (baz) *sufficient condition, x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2 /:/ [| (= crutcini), agent that permits a situation (= tcinycru)] /=/ curmi (cru) &sufficient thing, x1 of banzu *suffix, x1 is an affix/|/prefix/combining-form for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, language x4 /:/ /=/ rafsi (raf) &sugar composition, x3 of sakta &sugar source, x2 of sakta &sugar, x1 of sakta *sugar, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of | [sweet edible] from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/| substitute (sakybasti, basysakta, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ sakta (sat) *sugary, x1 is sweet/|/saccharine to observer x2 /:/ /=/ titla (tit) *suggest (| a belief/observation, seem), x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; | belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)] /=/ simlu (mlu) &suggest, x1 of stidi *suggest, x1 (agent) |-s/proposes idea/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in/among x3 /:/ [event which inspires/|-s/is |-ive (= faurti'i, sidyfau)] /=/ stidi (sid ti'i) &suggested to, x3 of stidi &suggested, x2 of stidi &suggestion, x2 of stidi &suggestion, receive | x3 of stidi *suggestive (of an event that suggests), x1 (agent) suggests/proposes idea/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in/among x3 /:/ [event which inspires/suggests/is | (= faurti'i, sidyfau)] /=/ stidi (sid ti'i) *suggests (guides), x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event) /:/ [a guiding person advises/|/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated] /=/ gidva (gid gi'a) *suggests (proposes), x1 (agent) |/proposes idea/action x2 to audience x3; x1 (event) inspires x2 in/among x3 /:/ [event which inspires/|/is suggestive (= faurti'i, sidyfau)] /=/ stidi (sid ti'i) *suits, x1 fits/matches/|/is compatible/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3 /:/ /=/ mapti (mat) &sulfur, x1 of sliri *sulfur, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of |/brimstone (S); [metaphor: foul odor, volcanic] /:/ /=/ sliri &sum, x1 of sumji *sum, x1 is a mathematical |/result/total of x2 plus/increased by x3 /:/ /=/ sumji (suj) &summand, 1st | x2 of sumji &summand, 2nd | x3 of sumji &summer location, x3 of crisa &summer, x1 of crisa *summer, x1 is |/summertime [hot season] of year x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ crisa (cis) &summer, year of | x2 of crisa *summertime, x1 is summer/| [hot season] of year x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ crisa (cis) *summit, x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[|]/[highlands] projecting from land/mass x2 /:/ /=/ cmana (ma'a) &sun, inhabitant under | x3 of solri &sun, planet with | x2 of solri *sun, x1 is a star/| with stellar properties x2 /:/ /=/ tarci (tar) *sun, x1 is the | of home planet x2 (default Earth) of race x3 /:/ ['home planet' refers to a planet which is "home" to a race, but not necessarily the original "home" of a species if that species inhabits many worlds] /=/ solri (sol) &sung, x2 of sanga &superior, x3 of vipsi &superlative property, x2 of traji &superlative, x1 of traji *superlative, x1 is | in property x2 (ka), the x3 extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/range x4 /:/ [also: x1 is x3-est/utmost in x2 among x4; x1 is extreme; x1 is simply x3] /=/ traji (rai) *supernatural, x1 is magic/|/sorcery/witchcraft/wizardry to x2, performed by person/force/deity x3 /:/ /=/ makfa (maf) &superset, x2 of klesi &superset, group | x3 of girzu &supervisor, x3 of vipsi *supplicate, x1 begs/pleads/|-s/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci *supplicates, x1 begs/pleads/|/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3 /:/ [also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] /=/ pikci &supplied, x2 of sabji &supplied, x3 of sabji &supplies, x2 of sabji *supplies, x1 [source] provides/|/furnishes x2 [supply/commodity] to x3 [recipient] /:/ [agentive supply (= sabgau, sabzu'e)] /=/ sabji (sab) *supply (material provided), x2 of: x1 [source] provides/supplies/furnishes x2 [|/commodity] to x3 [recipient] /:/ [agentive | (= sabgau, sabzu'e)] /=/ sabji (sab) *supply (store/reserve), x1 is a store/deposit/|/reserve of materials/energy x2 in containment x3 /:/ [x3 need not be a container, but could merely be a site/location restriction; e.g. a heap. The sumti indicates how the | is identified and distinguished from other occurrences of the stored x2] /=/ sorcu (soc sro) *support (frame for tines of a fork), x1 is a fork/fork-type tool/utensil for purpose x2 with tines/prongs x3 on base/| x4 /:/ /=/ forca (fro) *support (metaphorical of buttocks/seat), x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, |] /:/ [also ass, behind, butt] /=/ zargu (zag za'u) *support (metaphorical of stalk/stem), x1 is a/the stalk/stem/trunk [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: main |] /:/ /=/ stani *support (| for an umbrella), x5 of: x1 is an umbrella/parasol shielding x2 from x3, made of material x4, supported by | x5 /:/ /=/ santa *support (| for shelf/bar), x2 of: x1 is a shelf/counter/bar in/on/attached to | x2, for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ kajna *support (| for standing), x3 of: x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/|/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) *support (| of marking material in a pencil/stylus), x3 of: x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/| [of material] x3 /:/ [also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)] /=/ pinsi (pis) &support means, x4 of sarji &support shelf, x2 of kajna &support umbrella, x5 of santa &support, x1 of sarji *support, x1 |-s/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 /:/ [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)] /=/ sarji (sra) *supported (of a table), x1 is a table/flat solid upper surface of material x2, | by legs/base/pedestal x3 /:/ /=/ jubme (jub jbu) *supported (of an umbrella), x1 is an umbrella/parasol shielding x2 from x3, made of material x4, | by x5 /:/ /=/ santa *supported (of something standing), x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 | by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) &supported against, x3 of sarji &supported, x2 of sarji *supporting (metaphorical of leg), x1 is a/the leg [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: | branch] /:/ /=/ tuple (tup tu'e) *supporting (metaphorical of roots), x1 is a root [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: immobile, |, nourishing] /:/ /=/ genja (gej) *supporting (metaphorical of wing), x1 is a/the wing [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lateral | surface] /:/ /=/ nalci (na'i) *supporting (of a base/pedestal), x1 is a pedestal/base/stand/pallet | x2 (object/event), of materials/properties x3 /:/ [pallet (= lafyzbe)] /=/ zbepi (zbe) *supporting (of a bed), x1 is a bed/pallet of material x2 for holding/| x3 (person/object/event) /:/ /=/ ckana (cka) *supporting (of a platform/stage), x1 is a stage/platform/dais/[scaffold] at/in x2 | x3, made of material x4 /:/ (x3 object/event) /=/ tsina (sin) *supporting (of a rail), x1 is a rail/railing/bar [tool] |/restraining x2, of material x3 /:/ /=/ garna (gar) *supporting (of skis/runners), x1 is a ski/skid/skate/runner for surface (of material) x2 | skier/skater/sled/cargo x3 /:/ /=/ skiji (sij) *supporting (| force lifting), x1 (force) lifts/applies raising/| force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4 /:/ [(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] /=/ lafti (laf) *supporting (| growth/development: fertile), x1 is fertile/conducive for | the growth/development of x2; x1 is fruitful/prolific /:/ [also fecund (note that the Lojban covers both potential and actual/realized fertility)] /=/ ferti (fre) *supporting (| object/structure for a bar/counter), x2 of: x1 is a shelf/counter/bar in/on/attached to | object/structure x2, for purpose x3 /:/ /=/ kajna *supporting (| structure/frame), x1 is a frame/structure/skeleton/outline |/load-bearing/determining the form of x2 /:/ /=/ greku (rek) *supporting combustion (metaphorical of oxygen), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of oxygen (O); [metaphor: |/supporting life] /:/ /=/ kijno (kij) *supporting life (metaphorical of oxygen), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of oxygen (O); [metaphor: |/supporting combustion] /:/ /=/ kijno (kij) *supports, x1 |/holds up/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 /:/ [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)] /=/ sarji (sra) *supposes, x1 assumes/| that x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ sruma (ru'a) *sure, x1 is certain/|/positive/convinced that x2 is true /:/ /=/ birti (bit) &surface bounds, x4 of sefta &surface climbed, x2 of cpare &surface rolled on, x2 of gunro &surface side, x3 of sefta &surface stepped on, x2 of stapa &surface stood on, x2 of sanli &surface, x1 of sefta &surface, x3 of kubli &surface, block | x3 of bliku &surface, polished | x2 of spali &surface, printing | x2 of prina &surface, running | x2 of bajra &surface, skiing | x2 of skiji &surface, thing having | x2 of sefta *surface, x1 is |/face [bounded shape/form] of [higher-dimension] object x2, on side x3, edges x4 /:/ [also x4 bounds] /=/ sefta (sfe) *surfaces (grinding |), x1 [individual or mass of hard |] grinds/pulverizes/crushes x2 into powder x3 /:/ [may need mosra tanru] /=/ zalvi (zal) *surfaces (| of a block), x3 of: x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, |/sides x3 /:/ [x3 sides/| should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/|)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli) /=/ bliku (bli) *surfaces (| of a regular polyhedron), x3 of: x1 is a cube/regular polyhedron/polygon of dimensions x2 (default 3), |/sides x3 (default 6) /:/ /=/ kubli (kub) *surmise, x1 guesses/conjectures/|-s x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [also: x1 has a hunch that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is true; words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ smadi *surmises, x1 guesses/conjectures/| x2 (du'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [also: x1 has a hunch that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is true; words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ smadi &surprise, x1 of spaji *surprise, x1 (event/action abstract) |-s/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2 /:/ [also expectation (= nalspaji), alarm (= te'arspaji)] /=/ spaji (paj) &surprised, x2 of spaji *surprises, x1 (event/action abstract) |/startles/is unexpected [and generally sudden] to x2 /:/ [also expectation (= nalspaji), alarm (= te'arspaji)] /=/ spaji (paj) *surrender, x1 yields/gives way/|-s to x2 (force/agent) under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ randa (rad) *surrenders, x1 yields/gives way/| to x2 (force/agent) under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ randa (rad) &surround drops, x3 of dirgo &surround, x1 of sruri &surround, x2 of nenri *surround, x1 encircles/encloses/is |-ing x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) *surrounded (room | by walls), x1 is a room/chamber of/in structure x2 | by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ /=/ kumfa (kum ku'a) &surrounded, x2 of sruri &surrounded, direction | x3 of sruri *surrounding (encircling), x2 of: x1 encircles/encloses/is | x2 in direction(s)/dimension(s)/plane x3 /:/ [(jinsru =) x1 is a ring/belt/band/girdle around/circling/ringing x2 near total containment in some dimension(s)] /=/ sruri (rur sru) *surrounding (of a ring/collar/belt), x2 of: x1 is a collar/ring/belt/band around/| x2 made of material x3 /:/ [also sphincter] /=/ karli *surrounding (| material of a drop), x3 of: x1 is a drop [small, cohesive shape] of material [liquid/vapor] x2 in | material x3 /:/ /=/ dirgo (dig) *surroundings (environment), x1 (individual/mass) is part of an environment/|/context/ambience of x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is ambient] /=/ vanbi (vab) *surroundings (| of an island), x3 of: x1 is an island/atoll/key of [material/properties] x2 in |/body x3; x1 is insular /:/ /=/ daplu (plu) &survival time, x3 of renvi &survive, x1 of renvi *survive, x1 |-s/endures/undergoes/abides/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 /:/ [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable] /=/ renvi (rev re'i) &survived, x2 of renvi *survives, x1 |/endures/undergoes/abides/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 /:/ [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable] /=/ renvi (rev re'i) &survivor, x1 of renvi *suspend, x1 hangs/dangles/is |-ed from x2 by/at/with joint x3 /:/ [pendant (= dadja'i); also dependent (original meaning)] /=/ dandu (dad) *suspended, x1 hangs/dangles/is | from x2 by/at/with joint x3 /:/ [pendant (= dadja'i); also dependent (original meaning)] /=/ dandu (dad) *suspensible solid, x1 is dust/precipitate [|] from x2 in medium/on surface x3 /:/ /=/ pulce (puc pu'e) *suspension (result of dissolution), x3 of: x1 dissolves in solvent x2 forming solution/[|] x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [| (= pucyteryrunta, pucyxre)] /=/ runta *suspension, x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/|/commingling with ingredients including x2 /:/ [x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)] /=/ mixre (mix xre) *sutures, x1 sews/stitches/| materials x2 (individual/set) together with tool(s) x3, using filament x4 /:/ (x2 if a set must be a complete specification) /=/ fenso (fen fe'o) *swallow (engulf), x1 gulps/|-s /:/ [x1 |-s down [food/drink] x2 (= tulpinxe, tulcti, ctitu'o (the latter two are more general - for food or beverage); |/engulf (= galxycti, galxynerbi'o, galxygre] /=/ tunlo (tul tu'o) &swallow, x1 of tunlo &swallowed, x2 of tunlo *swallows, x1 gulps/| /:/ [x1 | down [food/drink] x2 (= tulpinxe, tulcti, ctitu'o (the latter two are more general - for food or beverage); swallow/engulf (= galxycti, galxynerbi'o, galxygre] /=/ tunlo (tul tu'o) *sweat (noun), x1 is a/the |/perspiration from body x2, excreted by gland(s)/organs x3 /:/ /=/ xasne *sweat (verb), x2 or x3 of: x1 is a/the sweat/perspiration from body x2, excreted by gland(s)/organs x3; x2 |-s x1; x3 |-s x1 /:/ /=/ xasne &sweat [v], x2 of xasne &sweat gland, x3 of xasne &sweat, x1 of xasne *sweater, x1 is a coat/jacket/|/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ kosta (kos) &sweating, body | x2 of xasne *sweet (having | flavor), x1 is |/sugary/saccharine to observer x2 /:/ /=/ titla (tit) *sweet (of sugar), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of sugar [| edible] from source x2 of composition x3 /:/ [also sucrose, fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, etc.; saccharine/aspartame/sugar substitute (sakybasti, basysakta, ticysakta); x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification] /=/ sakta (sat) &sweet, x1 of titla &sweet, find | x2 of titla *sweetmeat, x1 is a/the body organ [body-part] of body/species x2 performing function x3 /:/ [also | (= ragdja)] /=/ rango (rag) &swelling material, x3 of punli &swelling, x1 of punli *swelling, x1 is a |/protrusion/convexity [shape/form] at/in/on x2, of material x3 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is swollen] /=/ punli (pul) *swift, x1 is fast/|/quick/hastes/rapid at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state) /:/ /=/ sutra (sut) &swim, x1 of limna *swim, x1 (agent) |-s in fluid x2 /:/ /=/ limna (lim) *swims, x1 (agent) | in fluid x2 /:/ /=/ limna (lim) *swine, x1 is a pig/hog/|/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2 /:/ [sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre'u), piglet (= citxarju)] /=/ xarju (xaj) *swiss cheese, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sponge/porous material /:/ [also metaphorically used for coral, | cheese] /=/ panje *swollen (excessively plump), x1 is plump/fat/obese [excessively thick/bulbous/|] by standard x2 /:/ /=/ plana *swollen (having a swelling), x2 of: x1 is a swelling/protrusion/convexity [shape/form] at/in/on x2, of material x3 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ punli (pul) &swollen, x2 of punli *swoop, x1 dives/|-s [manner of controlled falling] to x2 from x3 /:/ /=/ sfubu (sub su'u) *swoops, x1 dives/| [manner of controlled falling] to x2 from x3 /:/ /=/ sfubu (sub su'u) &swum in, x2 of limna &syllable language, x2 of slaka &syllable, x1 of slaka *syllable, x1 is a | in language x2 /:/ /=/ slaka *symbol (letter/digit), x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/| in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 /:/ [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 | set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic |] /=/ lerfu (ler le'u) *symbol (punctuation |), x1 (agent) punctuates x2 (expression) with |/word x3 with syntactic/semantic effect x4 /:/ /=/ pandi (pad) *symbol (sign), x1 is a sign/|/signal representing/referring/signifying/meaning x2 to observer x3 /:/ [also: x1 signifies x2; (adjective:) x1 is significant/meaningful/of import; signal an action (= sniti'i), connotation (= se sibyti'isni, sibyti'ismu)] /=/ sinxa (sni) @symbol, see also "mark" %symbol, x1 is a note/musical notation/| for tone/note x2 of frequency/pitch x3 in musical notation system x4/:/ /=/ togle'u *symbolic (of a letter), x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3 /:/ [also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/|; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol] /=/ lerfu (ler le'u) @symbolic, see also "sign", "means"/"meaning" &symbolized, x2 of sinxa *symbolizing (of a flag), x1 is a flag/banner/standard of/| x2 with pattern(s) x3 on material x4 /:/ /=/ lanci *symbolizing (of a symbolic plant), x1 is a lotus, plant/flower/herb of species/strain x2 | x3 to culture/religion x4 /:/ /=/ latna *symptoms (of an illness), x2 of: x1 is ill/sick/diseased with | x2 from disease x3 /:/ /=/ bilma (bi'a) &symptoms, x2 of bilma *synagogue, x1 is a temple/church/sanctuary/|/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving area x3 /:/ [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)] /=/ malsi (mas) *synergistic, x1 or x3 of: x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is | in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] /=/ ciste (ci'e) *syntactic effect (| of punctuation), x4 of: x1 (agent) punctuates x2 (expression) with symbol/word x3 with |/semantic effect x4 /:/ /=/ pandi (pad) *synthesizer (keyboard musical instrument), x1 is a piano/harpsichord/|/organ; a keyboard musical instrument /:/ /=/ pipno (pi'o) &Syrian aspect, x2 of sirxo &Syrian, x1 of sirxo *Syrian, x1 reflects | culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ sirxo (six) *syringe, x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits/pours/inflates/stuffs/fills x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3 /:/ [insertion need not imply a significant degree of 'filling'; inject (= je'erse'a); |/needle (= se'arterje'e, je'erse'atci, jestu'u or tu'urjesni)] /=/ setca (se'a) &system components, x3 of ciste &system necessitating, logic | x3 of nibli &system of cent, money | x3 of fepni &system properties, x4 of ciste &system structure, x2 of ciste &system with station, x2 of tcana &system, x1 of ciste &system, address | x3 of judri &system, code | x3 of mifra &system, excretory | x4 of vikmi &system, filing | x2 of dacru &system, military | x2 of bilni &system, money | x3 of rupnu &system, train | x3 of trene *system, x1 (mass) | interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 systemic functions/properties] /=/ ciste (ci'e) %system, x1 is a note/musical notation/symbol for tone/note x2 of frequency/pitch x3 in musical notation | x4/:/ /=/ togle'u *systemic (of a system), x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 | functions/properties; (adjective:) |] /=/ ciste (ci'e) *systemic (| functions/properties), x4 of: x1 (mass) system interrelated by structure x2 among components x3 (set completely specified) displaying x4 (ka) /:/ [x1 (or x3) is synergistic in x4; also network; x2 also relations, rules; x3 also elements (set completely specified); x4 | functions/properties] /=/ ciste (ci'e) @tab (account, as at a restaurant), consider metaphor "restaurant-account" (= gustyjanta), "bar-account" (= barjyjanta) &table material, x2 of jubme &table, x1 of jubme &table, base of | x3 of jubme *table, x1 is a |/flat solid upper surface of material x2, supported by legs/base/pedestal x3 /:/ /=/ jubme (jub jbu) *tablespoon, x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), | (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ dekpu &tablet, x2 of papri *taboo, x1 (event/state) is a punishable crime/[|/sin] to people/culture/judges/jury x2 /:/ [| (= kluzei, cacyzei); sin (= madzei, jdamadzei); heresy (= jdazei)] /=/ zekri (zer zei) *tack, x1 is a nail/| [pointed driven/frictional fastener] of type/size x2 (ka), made of material x3 /:/ /=/ dinko (di'o) *tag, x1 (quoted word(s)) is a/the name/title/| of x2 to/used-by namer/name-user x3 (person) /:/ [also: x2 is called x1 by x3 (= selme'e for reordered places)] /=/ cmene (cme me'e) *tag, x1 is a label/| of x2 showing information x3 /:/ /=/ tcita &tail, x1 of rebla *tail, x1 is a/the |/appendix [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: trailing, following portion/appendage] /:/ /=/ rebla (reb) &tailed, x2 of rebla *take (care of), x1 |-s-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) /:/ [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2] /=/ kurji (kuj ku'i) *take a bath, x1 (object/person) is immersed/submerged/bathes in liquid x2 /:/ [|/bathe (= jirsezlu'i)] /=/ jinru (jir) *take a photograph, x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci'a/pirci'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), | (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)] /=/ pixra (pir xra) &take a while, x2 of masno &take care of, x1 of kurji &take, x1 of lebna *take, x1 |-s/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied] /=/ lebna (leb le'a) &taken care of, x2 of kurji &taken from, x3 of lebna &taken, x2 of lebna *takes (borrows), x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily |/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 /:/ [credit (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)] /=/ jbera (jer) *takes (seizes/obtains), x1 |/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with volition such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied] /=/ lebna (leb le'a) *takes away, x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/| x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4 /:/ [also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent] /=/ vimcu (vic vi'u) *takes care of, x1 |/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) /:/ [also tends, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2] /=/ kurji (kuj ku'i) *takes leave, x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3 /:/ [also: x1 leaves behind/| of x2] /=/ cliva (liv li'a) *takes place, x1 (event) is an event that happens/occurs/|; x1 is an incident/happening/occurrence /:/ /=/ fasnu (fau) *takes revenge on, x1 |/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) /:/ [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful] /=/ venfu (vef) *takes revenge, x1 | on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) /:/ [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful] /=/ venfu (vef) &takes up space, thing which | x2 of canlu *taking action, x1 is a volitional entity employing means/| action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 /:/ [also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end] /=/ zukte (zuk zu'e) &takings, x2 of lebna *tale (fairy |), x1 is a myth/legend, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4 /:/ [also: x1 is mythical/fairy |; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures of story/myth/legend/religion, e.g. dragon (these animals are ramda'u); fairy | (= veryranmi)] /=/ ranmi (ram) *tale (story), x1 is a story/|/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/| x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author] /=/ lisri (lis) *talent (capability), x1 is able to do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state) /:/ [also: has |; know how to; know how to use (= plika'e)] /=/ kakne (ka'e) *talent (innate skill), x1 has a |/aptitude/innate skill for doing/being x2 /:/ /=/ stati &talent, x1 of stati &talent, x2 of stati &talent, done with | x2 of stati &talented, x1 of stati &talk language, x4 of tavla &talk subject, x3 of tavla &talk, x1 of tavla &talk, subject of | x3 of tavla *talk, x1 |-s/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4 /:/ [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/discuss/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)] /=/ tavla (tav ta'a) *talk, x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/|(s) about topic/subject x2 /:/ [also chat, converse] /=/ casnu (snu) &talked to, x2 of tavla %talking, x1 is an event of x2(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discussing/| about topic/subject x3 /:/ [also x1 is a chat/conversation/discussion/palaver] /=/ nunsnu *talks, x1 discusses/| about topic/subject x2 /:/ /=/ casnu (snu) *talks, x1 |/speaks to x2 about subject x3 in language x4 /:/ [not limited to vocal speech, but this is implied by the x4 without context of some other medium of conversation (use cusku, casnu, skicu, ciksi for weaker implication of vocal communication); converse/discuss/chat (= simta'a, simsku, vricysimta'a for a conversation not clearly delimited by subject)] /=/ tavla (tav ta'a) *talon, x1 is a/the claw/nail/| [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed, penetrating, physical weapon] /:/ /=/ jgalu (ja'u) *tame, (adjective:) x1 is wild/untamed /:/ [| (= tolcilce)] /=/ cilce (cic) *tan, x1 is brown/| [color adjective] /:/ /=/ bunre (bur bu'e) *tangent (trigonometry), x1 is the trigonometric | of angle x2 /:/ /=/ tanjo &tangent, x1 of tanjo *tangle, x1 is a knot/| in/between x2 (object/jo'u-objects) /:/ [knot (verb = jgegau, jgezu'e, jgeri'a, jgela'a), knot: fastening between two or more cords (= jgeterjo'e)] /=/ jgena (jge) @tangled (of a knot), see also "knot" *tangled (of something complex), x1 is complex/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [also |, confused] /=/ pluja (luj) &tangled, x2 of jgena &tanru meaning, x4 of tanru &Taoist aspect, x2 of dadjo &Taoist, x1 of dadjo *Taoist, x1 pertains to the | culture/ethos/religion in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ dadjo (daj) *tape, x1 is a ribbon/|/strip/band/stripe of material x2 /:/ /=/ dasri (sri) *tapioca, x1 is a quantity of cassava/taro/manioc/|/yam [edible starchy root] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ samcu &tar source, x2 of tarla &tar, x1 of tarla *tar, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of |/asphalt from source x2 /:/ /=/ tarla *target (of a route/course), x2 of: x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to | x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/|, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) *target (result of going), x2 of: x1 comes/goes to | x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 /:/ [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ klama (kla) *target (| of a weapon), x2 of: x1 is a weapon/arms for use against | x2 by x3 /:/ [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)] /=/ xarci (xac xa'i) &target language, x3 of fanva *target, x1 spits/expectorates x2 [predominantly liquid] from x3 to/onto | x4 /:/ [saliva/spit/sputum/spittle (= molselpu'u)] /=/ sputu (put pu'u) *tariff, x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4 /:/ [also custom, toll, |, tribute] /=/ cteki (tek ce'i) *tarnishing (metaphorical of iron), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of iron (Fe); [metaphor: strong |] /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is ferric/ferrous] /=/ tirse (tir) *tarnishing (metaphorical of silver), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of silver/argentum (Ag); [metaphor: valuable, |] /:/ /=/ rijno (rij) *taro, x1 is a quantity of cassava/|/manioc/tapioca/yam [edible starchy root] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ samcu *tart, x1 is sour/| to observer x2 /:/ /=/ slari (sar) *task ( | of a committee), x1 (mass) is a committee with |/purpose x2 of body x3 /:/ [board of directors/trustees (= trukamni, gritrukamni)] /=/ kamni *task (| posing problem), x1 (event/state) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in situation/|/inquiry x3 /:/ [also: x1 requires consideration by x2] /=/ nabmi (nam) &task, x2 of gunka @task, see also "job" *taste (flavor), x1 (ka) is a |/flavor of/emitted by x2; x2 tastes of/like x1 /:/ [also: x2 tastes of seasoning x1, x1 is a seasoned flavor of x2 (= tsapyvu'i)] /=/ vrusi (vus vu'i) @taste (sense flavor in the mouth), consider metaphor "mouth-sense" (= molga'e) *taste for, x1 is fond of/likes/has a | x2 (object/state) /:/ /=/ nelci (nel nei) &taste, x1 of vrusi @tastes (eats, samples), see also "eat", "tries" *tastes (has a flavor), x2 of: x1 (ka) is a taste/flavor of/emitted by x2; x2 | of/like x1 /:/ [also: x2 | of seasoning x1, x1 is a seasoned flavor of x2 (= tsapyvu'i)] /=/ vrusi (vus vu'i) *tasty, x1 is delicious/|/delightful to observer/sense x2 [person, or sensory activity] /:/ [x1 is a delicacy] /=/ kukte (kuk) &taught methods/facts, x3 of ctuca &taught subject, x4 of ctuca &taught, person | x2 of ctuca &taught, subject | x4 of ctuca &taut, x1 of trati *taut, x1 is |/tense/strained tight in direction x2 /:/ /=/ trati &tautness direction, x2 of trati *tavern, x1 is a |/bar/pub serving x2 to audience/patrons x3 /:/ /=/ barja &tax, x1 of cteki &tax, levy | x4 of cteki *tax, x1 is a |/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4 /:/ [also custom, toll, tariff, tribute] /=/ cteki (tek ce'i) &taxable thing, x2 of cteki &taxed, x2 of cteki &taxed, x3 of cteki *taxon (| of taxonomy tree), x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "|" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "|" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) *taxonomy, x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended tree-structure categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the tree than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant |] /=/ jutsi (jut) &tea leaves, x2 of tcati &tea, x1 of tcati *tea, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of | brewed from leaves x2 /:/ /=/ tcati &teach, x1 of ctuca *teach, x1 |-es audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) /:/ [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, |-er, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] /=/ ctuca (ctu) &teacher, x1 of ctuca &teacher, x4 of cilre *teacher, x1 teaches audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) /:/ [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, |, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] /=/ ctuca (ctu) *teaches, x1 | audience x2 ideas/methods/lore x3 (du'u) about subject(s) x4 by method x5 (event) /:/ [also instruct, instructor, educate, educator, teacher, professor, pedagogue; (adjective:) x1/x5 is pedagogical] /=/ ctuca (ctu) *teaching (of a school), x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 | subject(s) x3 to audience/community x4 operated by x5 /:/ [also college, university] /=/ ckule (kul cu'e) &teaching method, x5 of ctuca &teaching, x3 of ctuca *team (group), x1 is group/cluster/| showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4 /:/ [also collection, |, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)] /=/ girzu (gir gri) *team (mass, aggregate showing collective properties), x1 is a mass/|/aggregate/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointly /:/ [A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) displayed by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individual set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily relevant to the mass property implicit in this bridi] /=/ gunma (gum) *team (squad), x1 is a crew/|/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4 /:/ (x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra, outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe'e, venbe'e)] /=/ bende (bed be'e) &team members, x2 of bende &team, leader of a | x3 of bende &teamed, x2 of gunma *tears (result of crying/weeping), x2 of: x1 weeps/cries | x2 about/for reason x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ klaku (kak) &tears wept, x2 of klaku *teaspoon, x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); | (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ dekpu *teat, x1 is a/the breast/mammary/| [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: projection providing liquid] /:/ [nipple (= tatyji'o)] /=/ tatru (tat) *technique (method of analysis), x3 of: x1 analyzes/examines-in-detail x2 by method/|/system x3 [process/activity] /:/ /=/ lanli (lal) *technique (method), x1 [process] is a method/|/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 /:/ [also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)] /=/ tadji &telephone network, x2 of fonxa &telephone, x1 of fonxa *telephone, x1 is a | transceiver/modem attached to system/network x2 /:/ /=/ fonxa (fon) *televises (broadcasts), x1 [broadcaster] | programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to television receiver x4 /:/ [x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) *television (| receiver, TV), x4 of: x1 [broadcaster] televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to | receiver x4 /:/ [x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) &television channel, x3 of tivni &television program, x2 of tivni &television receiver, x4 of tivni *television show, x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); |/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) &television, x1 of tivni *tell a fib, x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); fib/lie/| (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) *tell a lie, x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); fib/lie/| (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) *tell an untruth, x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); fib/lie/| (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) &tell story, x3 of lisri *tells (recounts), x3 of: x1 is a story/tale/yarn/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 |/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author] /=/ lisri (lis) *tells about, x1 | about/describes x2 (object/event/state) to audience x3 with description x4 (property) /:/ /=/ skicu (ski) *temperature (boiling |), x2 of: x1 boils/evaporates at | x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [roil (= febjicla)] /=/ febvi (feb) *temperature (burning/ignition |), x2 of: x1 burns/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at | x2 in atmosphere x3 /:/ [default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka'e or jelfrili)] /=/ jelca (jel) *temperature (condensation |), x3 of: x1 condenses/liquefies on/into x2 at | x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/condensate on x2 /:/ /=/ lunsa (lus) *temperature (condition for gaseous state), x3 of: x1 is gaseous/fumes/a gas/vapor of material/composition including x2, under conditions x3 /:/ [x3 includes | and pressure] /=/ gapci (gac) *temperature (condition for liquid state), x1 is liquid/fluid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 /:/ [conditions include | and pressure] /=/ litki (lik) *temperature (condition for solid state), x1 is solid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3 /:/ [conditions include | and pressure] /=/ sligu (lig) *temperature (freezing |), x2 of: x1 freezes/jells/solidifies at | x2 and pressure x3 /:/ /=/ dunja (duj) *temperature (melting |), x1 melts [becomes liquid from solid state] at | x2 and pressure x3 /:/ [x1 runs (= rumfle)] /=/ runme (rum) *temperature (mercury as metaphor for |), x1 is a quantity of/contains/made of mercury/quicksilver; [metaphor: fluid metal; |] /:/ /=/ margu (mag) &temperature in Kelvin, x2 of kelvo &temperature, combustion | x2 of jelca &temperature, freezing | x2 of dunja &temperature, kindling | x2 of jelca *temperature, x1 is x2 degree(s) Kelvin [metric unit] in | (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ kelvo (ke'o) &temple location, x3 of malsi &temple religion, x2 of malsi &temple, x1 of malsi *temple, x1 is a |/church/sanctuary/synagogue/shrine of religion x2 at location/serving area x3 /:/ [x2 may be event of form (... worships/pays/respect to ...), hence (metaphorically extending to) monument (= mojmalsi, si'armalsi)] /=/ malsi (mas) *temporarily takes, x1 (agent) borrows/| takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4 /:/ [credit (= jernu'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)] /=/ jbera (jer) *temporary (not permanent), x1 is |/not permanent/expected to change in property x2 (ka) by standard/expectant x3 /:/ [also transient] /=/ zasni (zas) *temporary (of a situation/condition), x1 [state/property] is a situation/condition/state/position/are conditions/circumstances of x2 /:/ [characteristics or environment of an object/event/process stage or state that are typically/potentially only |] /=/ tcini *temporary residence, x1 is a camp/encampment/| residence of x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ ginka (gik) &temporary, x1 of zasni *tempts, x1 (agent) influences/lures/| x2 into action/state x3 by influence/threat/lure x4 /:/ [also impresses; x4 is alluring (= trivelxlu for place reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states) /=/ xlura (xlu) &ten of, is | x2 of decti *ten, x1 is | [10; 1*10**1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ dekto (dek) *tended (| field), x1 is a garden/|/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3 /:/ [orchard (= ricpurdi)] /=/ purdi (pud) *tends (pays attention to), x1 is attentive towards/attends/|/pays attention to object/affair x2 /:/ /=/ jundi (jud ju'i) *tends (takes care of), x1 takes-care-of/looks after/attends to/provides for/is caretaker for x2 (object/event/person) /:/ [also |, cares for, keeps; x1 is a keeper/custodian of x2] /=/ kurji (kuj ku'i) *tenets, x3 of: x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/| including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 are |/beliefs/rituals/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) *tense, x1 is taut/|/strained tight in direction x2 /:/ /=/ trati &tenth, a | x2 of dekto *tenth, x1 is a | [1/10; 1x10**-1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ decti (dec) *tera- (metric prefix), x1 is a trillion [1x10**12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ terto (tet) &term time of a loan, x4 of jbera *terminal phrase, x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/focus] in language x3 /:/ [| (= jufpau, suzrelvla, suzvla for linguistics sense, which may be a single word), |/grammar unit (= gensle)] /=/ jufra (juf ju'a) *terminal, x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] /:/ [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a |/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)] /=/ fanmo (fam fa'o) *terminated (| process having final state), x2 of: x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] /:/ [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/| state of | process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)] /=/ fanmo (fam fa'o) *terminates (ceases/stops), x2 of: x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] /:/ [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 |/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)] /=/ fanmo (fam fa'o) *terminating (of a river), x1 is a river of landmass x2, draining watershed x3 into x4/| at x4 /:/ /=/ rirxe (ri'e) *termination (end/finish), x1 is an end/finish/| of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] /:/ [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)] /=/ fanmo (fam fa'o) *termination (| of an interval), x3 of: x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to |/time/event x3 /:/ /=/ temci (tem tei) &terminus, road | x3 of dargu *terminus, x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness] /:/ [x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/| of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa'o for reordered places)] /=/ fanmo (fam fa'o) *termite, x1 is a cockroach/[orthopteran/|] of order/species/breed x2 /:/ [also grasshopper (= pi'erjalra); cricket (= snajalra); locust, | (= mantyjalra or mudyctijalra)]; (while cockroaches are an order unto themselves, they are part of Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, crickets, etc; termites are a closely-related non-Orthoptera, more akin to cockroaches than to e.g. ants) /=/ jalra *terrain, x1 is a parcel/expanse of land at location x2; x1 is | /:/ /=/ tumla (tum tu'a) &terrestrial, x2 of terdi *terrestrial, x1 is the Earth/the home planet of race x2; (adjective:) x1 is |/earthbound /:/ /=/ terdi (ted) *terrible (awe-inspiring), x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ [indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); | (mabla)] /=/ banli (bal ba'i) @terrible, see also "awe", "fear" *territory (controlled domain/space), x1 is |/domain/space of/belonging to/controlled by x2 /:/ /=/ tutra (tut) *territory (| governed/ruled), x2 of: x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/|/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *territory (| of a country), x3 of: x1 is the country of peoples x2 with land/| x3; (people/| relationship) /:/ [also sovereignty, domestic (as opposed to foreign), nation (when not referring to ethos)] /=/ gugde (gug gu'e) *territory (| of a state/polity), x2 of: x1 is a polity/state governing |/domain x2; [government/| relationship] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is civil/political] /=/ jecta (jec je'a) *territory (| warred over), x3 of: x1 (person/mass) wars against x2 over |/matter x3; x1 is at war with x2 /:/ /=/ jamna (jam) &territory of country, x3 of gugde &territory, x1 of tutra &territory, controls | x2 of tutra &territory, polity | x2 of jecta &territory], mapped [as a | x2 of cartu *terror, x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu'a object); x1 feels | about x2 /:/ [x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte'a to reorder places)] /=/ terpa (tep te'a) &test, x1 of cipra &test, x3 of lanli *test, x1 (process/event) is a | for/proof of property/state x2 in subject x3 (individuals/set/mass) /:/ [also examination, proxy measure, validation; (a set in x3 must be completely specified)] /=/ cipra (cip) &tested [for], property | x2 of cipra &tested, x3 of cipra *testes, x1 is a/the |/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ] /=/ ganti *testicle, x1 is a/the testes/ovary/|/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3 /:/ [egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ] /=/ ganti *text (cipher-|, plain-| of coding scheme), x1 is encoded/cipher | of plain-| x2 by code/coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code /:/ [code (= termifra)] /=/ mifra (mif) *text (having grammar), x3 of: x1 is the grammar/rules/defining form of language x2 for structure/| x3 /:/ /=/ gerna (gen ge'a) *text (non-poetic |), x1 is prose about plot/theme/subject x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [non-poetic written |, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ prosa (ros ro'a) *text (page as a quantity of |), x1 is a [physical] page/leaf of book/document/bound mass of pages x2 /:/ [numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)] /=/ papri *text (something readable), x1 [agent] reads x2 [|] from surface/document/reading material x3; x1 is a reader /:/ /=/ tcidu (tid) *text (something translated), x2, x5 of: x1 translates |/utterance x2 to language x3 from language x4 with translation result x5 /:/ /=/ fanva &text, x2 of tcidu &text, source | x2 of fanva *texture (property of surface/sensory regularity), x1 (property - ka) is a | of x2 /:/ /=/ tengu (teg te'u) *texture (rough/course |), x1 is rough/coarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in |/regularity /:/ [fine-textured (= tolrufsu)] /=/ rufsu (ruf) *texture (semisolid |), x1 is a quantity of jelly/semisolid [|] of material/composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is gelatinous] /=/ jduli (dul jdu) *texture (smooth/even |), x1 is smooth/even/[soft/silky] in |/regularity /:/ /=/ xutla (xul) &texture, x1 of tengu @texture, see also "paste", "firm", "soft", "powder", "viscous" &textured, x2 of tengu *than (earlier |), x1 is in the past of/earlier |/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter /:/ [time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fa'opru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mu'opru)] /=/ purci (pur pru) *than (later |), x1 is in the future of/later |/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former /:/ [also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi)] /=/ balvi (bav) *than (less |), x1 is less | x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount x4 /:/ [also negative (= nonme'a)] /=/ mleca (mec me'a) *than (more |), x1 exceeds/is more | x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount/excess x4 /:/ [also positive (= nonmau)] /=/ zmadu (zma mau) *than (other |, not the same thing as), x1 isn't the-same-thing-as/is different-from/other-| x2 by standard x3; x1 is something else /:/ /=/ drata (dat) *than (other |, unlike), x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [also other-| (less common meaning)] /=/ frica (fic) &than, other | x2 of drata &thanked, x2 of ckire *thankful, x1 is grateful/| to/appreciative of x2 for x3 (event/property) /:/ [also gratitude (= nunckire or kamckire)] /=/ ckire (kir) &that cursed/blessed by another, x2 of dapma &that which becomes, x1 of binxo &that which is interesting, x1 of cinri &that which soaks up, x1 of cokcu *theme (| of a drama), x2 of: x1 is a drama/play about x2 [plot/|/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with actors x5 /:/ [x2 may also be a convention] /=/ draci *theme (| of a movie), x2 of: x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/|/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4 /:/ [also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selpirci'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)] /=/ skina (kin) *theme (| of a poem), x2 of: x1 is a poem/verse about plot/|/subject/pattern x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ pemci (pem) *theme (| of fictional work), x2 of: x1 is a work of fiction about plot/|/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3 /:/ [also story, lie, untrue] /=/ cfika (fik fi'a) *theme (| of prose work), x2 of: x1 is prose about plot/|/subject x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [non-poetic written text, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ prosa (ros ro'a) &theme of book, x2 of cukta &theme, poetic | x2 of pemci *theoretical (| ideal), x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or | ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci'ersaptai, saptai, ci'ersmitai, smitai)] /=/ tarmi (tam tai) &theoretical, x2 of sruma *thick (plump), x1 is plump/fat/obese [excessively |/bulbous/swollen] by standard x2 /:/ /=/ plana *thick (relatively long in smallest dimension), x1 is | in dimension/direction x2 by standard x3; [relatively long in smallest dimension] /:/ [also stout] /=/ rotsu (rot tsu ro'u) *thick (viscous), x1 is |/viscous under conditions x2 /:/ /=/ viknu (vik) &thick, x1 of rotsu *thickness (| of a tile/cake), x4 of: x1 is a tile/cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, | x4 /:/ [a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city block' is conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional block, li'irclupa - a loop composed of lines)] /=/ tapla &thickness dimension, x2 of rotsu &thickness standard, x3 of rotsu &thickness, x2 of cinla *thin (lean, not thick), x1 is |/lean/not thick in direction/dimension x2 by standard x3; [relatively short in smallest dimension] /:/ /=/ cinla *thin (nearly two-dimesional form), x1 is a tile/cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4 /:/ [a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but | enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city block' is conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional block, li'irclupa - a loop composed of lines)] /=/ tapla *thin (|, flat portion), x1 is a slice [| flat portion] of x2 (mass) /:/ /=/ panlo (pa'o) &thin, x1 of cinla *thing (material object), x1 is a material object enduring in space-time; x1 is a | /:/ /=/ dacti (dai) *thing (| lost), x2 of: x1 loses person/| x2 at/near x3; x1 loses property/feature x2 in conditions/situation x3 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ecri, po'erselcri for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ cirko (cri) &thing arched over, x2 of bargu &thing before growing, x3 of banro &thing carried by boat, x2 of bloti &thing changed into, x2 of binxo &thing dug with shovel, x2 of canpa &thing examined, x2 of catlu &thing flawed, x2 of cfila &thing grasped with tongs, x3 of cinza &thing having .01 part, x2 of centi &thing having .1 part, x2 of decti &thing having 1E-15 part, x2 of femti &thing having 1E-24 part, x2 of gocti &thing having 1E-6 part, x2 of mikri &thing having 1E-9 part, x2 of nanvi &thing having abdomen, x2 of betfu &thing having above, x2 of gapru &thing having access, x3 of kalri &thing having address, x2 of judri &thing having adjacent, x2 of lamji &thing having afar, x2 of darno &thing having affix, x2 of rafsi &thing having ancestor, x2 of dzena &thing having anus, x2 of ganxo &thing having arm, x2 of birka &thing having army, x2 of jenmi &thing having as less, x2 of mleca &thing having as opposite, x2 of dukti &thing having as principal, x2 of ralju &thing having as same, x2 of mintu &thing having at middle, x2 of midju &thing having aunt or uncle, x2 of famti &thing having basis, x2 of jicmu &thing having behind, x2 of trixe &thing having blood, x2 of ciblu &thing having body, x2 of xadni &thing having bone, x3 of bongu &thing having brain, x2 of besna &thing having branch, x2 of jimca &thing having breast, x2 of tatru &thing having brother, x2 of bruna &thing having brow, x2 of mebri &thing having buttock, x2 of zargu &thing having button, x2 of batke &thing having cavity, x2 of kevna &thing having cell, x2 of selci &thing having chest, x2 of cutne &thing having claw, x2 of jgalu &thing having collar, x2 of karli &thing having committee, x3 of kamni &thing having corner, x2 of kojna &thing having cousin, x2 of tamne &thing having crust, x2 of pilka &thing having culture, x2 of kulnu &thing having deputy, x3 of vipsi &thing having dimension, x2 of cimde &thing having ear, x2 of kerlo &thing having enemy, x2 of bradi &thing having environment, x2 of vanbi &thing having eye, x2 of kanla &thing having face, x2 of flira &thing having fate, x2 of dimna &thing having finger, x3 of degji &thing having flag, x2 of lanci &thing having floor, x2 of loldi &thing having flow, x2 of flecu &thing having foot, x2 of jamfu &thing having frame, x2 of greku &thing having garden, x2 of purdi &thing having gene, x2 of jgina &thing having gland, x3 of cigla &thing having gonad, x2 of ganti &thing having guest, x2 of vitke &thing having gut, x2 of canti &thing having hair, x2 of kerfa &thing having hand, x2 of xance &thing having head, x2 of stedu &thing having heart, x2 of risna &thing having history, x2 of citri &thing having horn, x2 of jirna &thing having idea, x3 of sidbo &thing having in front, x2 of crane &thing having in its future, x2 of balvi &thing having in its past, x2 of purci &thing having innately, x2 of jinzi &thing having inside, x2 of nenri &thing having jaw, x2 of xedja &thing having job, x2 of jibri &thing having knee, x3 of cidni &thing having lake, x2 of lalxu &thing having leg, x2 of tuple &thing having lip, x3 of ctebi &thing having liver, x2 of livga &thing having loose covering, x2 of kluza &thing having luck, x2 of funca &thing having lung, x2 of fepri &thing having meaning, x2 of smuni &thing having mind, x2 of menli &thing having morals, x2 of marde &thing having moss, x3 of clika &thing having motive, x3 of mukti &thing having mountain, x2 of cmana &thing having mouth, x2 of moklu &thing having near, x2 of jibni &thing having neck, x2 of cnebo &thing having nerve, x2 of nirna &thing having nose, x2 of nazbi &thing having on top, x2 of cpana &thing having organ, x2 of rango &thing having outside, x2 of bartu &thing having page, x2 of papri &thing having passport, x2 of jaspu &thing having pedestal, x2 of zbepi &thing having pelt, x2 of skapi &thing having penis, x2 of pinji &thing having piece, x2 of spisa &thing having pocket, x2 of daski &thing having problem, x2 of nabmi &thing having pubes, x2 of plibu &thing having rail, x2 of garna &thing having roof, x2 of drudi &thing having root, x2 of genja &thing having rule, x3 of javni &thing having shadow, x2 of ctino &thing having shell, x2 of calku &thing having shoal, x3 of jmifa &thing having shoulder, x3 of janco &thing having sibling, x2 of tunba &thing having sister, x2 of mensi &thing having snugly, x2 of tagji &thing having source, x2 of krasi &thing having stage, x2 of tsina &thing having stalk, x2 of stani &thing having surface, x2 of sefta &thing having throat, x2 of galxe &thing having thumb, x3 of tamji &thing having ticket, x2 of pikta &thing having tip, x2 of jipno &thing having to north, x2 of berti &thing having to the east, x2 of stuna &thing having to the left, x2 of zunle &thing having to the right, x2 of pritu &thing having to the side, x2 of mlana &thing having to the south, x2 of snanu &thing having to the west, x2 of stici &thing having tongue, x2 of tance &thing having tooth, x2 of denci &thing having trouble, x2 of nandu &thing having underneath, x2 of cnita &thing having vagina, x2 of vibna &thing having voice, x2 of voksa &thing having vulva, x2 of vlagi &thing having weight, x2 of junta &thing having window, x2 of canko &thing having womb, x2 of gutra &thing held as holy, x2 of censa &thing killed, x2 of catra &thing measured in 10's, x2 of dekto &thing opened by key, x2 of ckiku &thing rained on, x2 of carvi &thing satisfied by, x2 of banzu &thing shoved at, x3 of catke &thing shoved, x2 of catke &thing shown on chart, x3 of cartu &thing that becomes fixed, x2 of cikre &thing that is lacked, x2 of claxu &thing that whips, x1 of bikla &thing which co-occurs, x2 of cabna &thing which is military, x1 of bilni &thing which is moist, x1 of cilmo &thing which is ready, x1 of bredi &thing which is simultaneous, x1 of cabna &thing which is walled off, x2 of bitmu &thing which takes up space, x2 of canlu &thing with future, x2 of balvi &thing/event awaited, x2 of denpa &think, x1 of pensi &think, x3 of sidbo *think, x1 |-s/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 /:/ [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)] /=/ pensi (pes pei) *thinker (one who has a specific thought), x1 (idea abstract) is an idea/concept/thought about x2 (object/abstract) by | x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is ideal/ideational] /=/ sidbo (sib si'o) &thinker, x3 of sidbo *thinks (considers), x1 |/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 /:/ [also: x1 is thoughtful (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)] /=/ pensi (pes pei) *thinks (opines), x1 |/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jinvi (jiv ji'i) &thinness direction, x2 of cinla &thinness standard, x3 of cinla &thirst, x1 of taske &thirst, object of | x2 of taske *thirst, x1 |-s for x2; x1 needs/wants drink/fluid/lubrication x2 /:/ /=/ taske &thirsted for, x2 of taske *thirsts, x1 | for x2; x1 needs/wants drink/fluid/lubrication x2 /:/ /=/ taske *thorax, x1 is a/the chest/|/upper trunk/[rib cage/breast] [body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ cutne (cut) @thorny, consider metaphor "rose-stalk-similar" (= zgustanysmi) &those who live in community, x2 of cecmu &thought, object of | x2 of pensi *thought, x1 (idea abstract) is an idea/concept/| about x2 (object/abstract) by thinker x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is ideal/ideational] /=/ sidbo (sib si'o) *thoughtful, x1 thinks/considers/cogitates/reasons/is pensive about/reflects upon subject/concept x2 /:/ [also: x1 is | (one sense); x2 is mental (one sense)/intellectual (one sense) (= selpei)] /=/ pensi (pes pei) *thousand, x1 is a | [1000; 1x10**3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ kilto (ki'o) *thousand-millionth (British), x1 is a billionth/| [1x10**-9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ nanvi (nav) *thousandth, x1 is a | [1/1000; 1x10**-3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ milti (mil) *thread (filament), x1 is a |/filament/wire [shape/form] of material x2 /:/ /=/ cilta (cil) *thread (used in knitting), x3 of: x1 (agent) knits x2 [cloth/object] from yarn/| x3 /:/ /=/ nivji (niv) *thread (used in weaving), x3 of: x1 weaves x2 from material/[|] x3 /:/ /=/ jivbu &thread material, x2 of cilta &thread, x1 of cilta &thread, screw | x3 of klupe &thread, sewing | x4 of fenso *threads (| of a screw), x3 of: x1 is a screw [fastener] for purpose x2, | [pitch, material] x3, frame [size, material] x4 /:/ [also bolt] /=/ klupe (lup lu'e) *threat (peril protected against), x3 of: x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from |/peril/potential x3 (event) /:/ [also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)] /=/ bandu (bad) *threat (| influencing/tempting), x4 of: x1 (agent) influences/lures/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by influence/|/lure x4 /:/ [also impresses; x4 is alluring (= trivelxlu for place reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states) /=/ xlura (xlu) *threat (| secured from), x2 of: x1 is secure/safe from | x2 (event) /:/ /=/ snura (nur nu'a) *threat (| warded by shelter), x3 of: x1 is a shelter/haven/refuge/retreat/harbor for/protecting x2 from danger/| x3 /:/ /=/ marbi (mra) &threat sheltered from, x3 of marbi &threat, x2 of nupre &threat, x3 of bandu &threat, x4 of xlura &threatened by weapon, x2 of xarci &threatened, x3 of nupre *threatens, x1 (agent) promises/commits/assures/| x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim] /:/ /=/ nupre (nup nu'e) &throat, x1 of galxe &throat, thing having | x2 of galxe *throat, x1 is a/the |/gullet [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: narrow(ing) opening of a deep hole] /:/ /=/ galxe *through (bites |), x1 bites/pinches x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4 /:/ [bite | (= batka'a, batygre); pinch (= cinzybatci)] /=/ batci (bat) *through (cuts |), x1 (tool/blade/force) cuts [|]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3 /:/ [for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; agentive cutting (= ka'argau, ka'arzu'e)] /=/ katna (ka'a) *through (look |), x1 looks at/examines/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2 /:/ [also look | (= grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"] /=/ catlu (cta) *through (passing | stages, of development/evolution), x1 develops/evolves towards/into x2 from x3 | stages x4 /:/ /=/ farvi (fav) *through (passing | stages, of processes), x1 is a process with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, passing | steps/stages x4 /:/ [x2 resource (= selru'e, but also ru'etci, (ru'er-/ruc- or selru'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)] /=/ pruce (ruc ru'e) *through (penetrates/passes |), x1 passes |/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4 /:/ [passing | in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so'ivo'ivo'u (and vice versa))] /=/ pagre (gre) *through (survives/persists |), x1 survives/endures/undergoes/abides/lasts/persists | x2 for interval/duration x3 /:/ [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable] /=/ renvi (rev re'i) *through (| drain/strainer), x1 liquid/fluid drains/strains/flushes from source x2 | drain/strainer x3 by force x4 /:/ [x4 is usually gravity] /=/ rinci &through net, pass | x2 of julne &through, pass | x1 of pagre &through, passed | x2 of pagre &throw, x1 of renro *throw, x1 |-s/launches/casts/hurls x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally to x1) /:/ , danti) /=/ renro (rer re'o) &throwing direction, x3 of renro *thrown (catch something |), x1 captures/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3 /:/ [catch something | (= rerkavbu)] /=/ kavbu (kav) &thrown, x2 of renro *throws (casts), x1 |/launches/casts/hurls projectile/missile x2 to/at/in direction x3 (propulsion derives internally to x1) /:/ , danti) /=/ renro (rer re'o) *throws (of a launching device), x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion] /:/ [also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/|/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)] /=/ cecla (cel ce'a) *throws up (vomits), x1 vomits/regurgitates x2; x1 | x2; [violent] digestive expulsion /:/ (x2 is non-gaseous) /=/ vamtu (vat) &thumb, x1 of tamji &thumb, limb with | x2 of tamji &thumb, thing having | x3 of tamji *thumb, x1 is a/the |/big toe [body-part] on limb x2 of x3; [metaphor based on relative shape] /:/ [| (specifically the hand = xantamji), big toe (= jmatamji)] /=/ tamji (taj) *thunder, x1 is lightning/electrical arc/thunderbolt striking at/extending to x2 from x3 /:/ [also | (= lidysna)] /=/ lindi (lid) *thunderbolt, x1 is lightning/electrical arc/| striking at/extending to x2 from x3 /:/ [also thunder (= lidysna)] /=/ lindi (lid) &ticket benefit, x3 of pikta &ticket conditions, x4 of pikta &ticket, x1 of pikta &ticket, thing having | x2 of pikta *ticket, x1 is a | entitling x2 to entitlement/privilege x3 (event/state) under conditions x4 /:/ /=/ pikta &tickled, x2 of xajmi &tidal, x2 of ctaru *tide (as a source of pseudogravity), x4 of: x1 falls/drops to x2 from x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4 /:/ [note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or | as well as gravity; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: falcru and falri'a)] /=/ farlu (fal fa'u) &tide, x1 of ctaru &tide, raise | x3 of ctaru *tide, x1 is a | [cyclical/periodic expansion] in x2 caused by x3 /:/ /=/ ctaru *tidings, x1 (du'u) is news/|/new information about subject x2 from source x3, to observer x4 /:/ /=/ nuzba (nuz) *tie (ancestral relation), x1 is an elder/ancestor of x2 by bond/|/degree x3; x1's generation precedes x2's parents /:/ /=/ dzena (dze) *tie (avuncular relation), x1 is an aunt/uncle of x2 by bond/| x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's parent's generation /:/ /=/ famti *tie (cousinal relation), x1 is cousin to x2 by bond/| x3; [non-immediate family member, default same generation] /:/ [probably preferred for metaphorical siblings (over bruna)] /=/ tamne *tie (fraternal relation), x1 is brother of/fraternal to x2 by bond/|/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ bruna (bun bu'a) *tie (sibling relation), x1 is a sibling of x2 by bond/|/standard/parent(s) x3 /:/ /=/ tunba (tub) *tie (sororal relation), x1 is a sister of/sororal to x2 by bond/|/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necessarily biological] /:/ /=/ mensi (mes me'i) *tied (with familial bond), x2 of: x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 bonded/|/joined according to standard x3 /:/ [also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places), relative of (= lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)] /=/ lanzu (laz) *ties up (invests), x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event) /:/ [also |/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)] /=/ zivle (ziv vle) &tiger markings, x3 of tirxu &tiger species, x2 of tirxu &tiger, x1 of tirxu *tiger, x1 is a |/leopard/jaguar/[tigress] of species/breed x2 with coat markings x3 /:/ [a great cat noted/recognized by its markings, metaphorically: stripes, | markings] /=/ tirxu *tight (snug), x1 is snug/| on x2 in dimension/direction x3 at locus x4 /:/ /=/ tagji (tag) *tight (taut), x1 is taut/tense/strained | in direction x2 /:/ /=/ trati *tight curly (of wool), x1 is a quantity of/made from/consists of wool [| hair] from animal/species/source x2 /:/ /=/ sunla (sul) *tightly, x1 is a can/| sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable contents x2, made of x3 /:/ /=/ lante *tigress, x1 is a tiger/leopard/jaguar/[|] of species/breed x2 with coat markings x3 /:/ [a great cat noted/recognized by its markings, metaphorically: stripes, tiger markings] /=/ tirxu &tile material, x2 of tapla &tile, x1 of tapla *tile, x1 is a |/cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4 /:/ [a | is a 3-dimensional object, relatively uniform and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city block' is conceptually a |; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional block, li'irclupa - a loop composed of lines)] /=/ tapla &till, x1 of plixa *tills, x1 (agent) plows/furrows/| [cuts into and turns up] x2 with tool x3 propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ plixa (lix) *time (elapsed |), x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/[elapsed |] from time/event x2 to time/event x3 /:/ [also age/elapsed | (= niltei)] /=/ temci (tem tei) *time (starting |), x1 is the time-duration/interval/period/[elapsed time] from |/time/event x2 to time/event x3 /:/ /=/ temci (tem tei) &time interval, x1 of temci *time interval, x1 is the time-duration/|/period/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to time/event x3 /:/ [also age/elapsed time (= niltei)] /=/ temci (tem tei) &time location, x4 of tcika &time of a loan, term | x4 of jbera &time of day, x1 of tcika *time period, x1 is the time-duration/interval/|/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to time/event x3 /:/ [also age/elapsed time (= niltei)] /=/ temci (tem tei) &time, x1 of temci &time, birth | x3 of jbena &time, day of | x3 of tcika &time, end | x3 of temci &time, start | x2 of temci &time, survival | x3 of renvi *time, x1 is the |-duration/interval/period/[elapsed |] from |/event x2 to |/event x3 /:/ [also age/elapsed | (= niltei)] /=/ temci (tem tei) *time-duration, x1 is the |/interval/period/[elapsed time] from time/event x2 to time/event x3 /:/ [also age/elapsed time (= niltei)] /=/ temci (tem tei) *time-of-day, x1 [hours, {minutes}, {seconds}] is the |/time/hour of state/event x2 on day x3 at location x4 /:/ [also o'clock]; (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi) /=/ tcika &timed at, x2 of tcika *timepiece, x1 is clock/watch/timer measuring time units x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism/method x4 /:/ [also |] /=/ junla (jul) *timer, x1 is clock/watch/| measuring time units x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism/method x4 /:/ [also timepiece] /=/ junla (jul) *timing (| mechanism/method), x4 of: x1 is clock/watch/timer measuring time units x2 to precision x3 with | mechanism/method x4 /:/ [also timepiece] /=/ junla (jul) &tin, x1 of tinci *tin, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | (Sn); [metaphor: cheap or base metal] /:/ /=/ tinci &tine, fork | x3 of forca *tines (| of a comb), x3 of: x1 is a comb [many-needled shape] of material x2 with |/needles x3 /:/ /=/ komcu (kom) *tines (| of a fork), x3 of: x1 is a fork/fork-type tool/utensil for purpose x2 with |/prongs x3 on base/support x4 /:/ /=/ forca (fro) &tip locus, x3 of jipno &tip, x1 of jipno &tip, thing having | x2 of jipno *tip, x1 is a |/point/vertex/extremity [0-dimension shape/form] on object x2 at locus x3 /:/ /=/ jipno (jip ji'o) &tired, x1 of tatpi *tired, x1 is |/fatigued by effort/situation x2 (event); x1 needs/wants rest /:/ /=/ tatpi (ta'i) &tiring, x2 of tatpi *tit, x1 is a/the breast/mammary/| [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: projection providing liquid] /:/ [nipple (= tatyji'o)] /=/ tatru (tat) *title, x1 (quoted word(s)) is a/the name/|/tag of x2 to/used-by namer/name-user x3 (person) /:/ [also: x2 is called x1 by x3 (= selme'e for reordered places)] /=/ cmene (cme me'e) *titled, x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/| in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles] /=/ nobli (nol no'i) *tobacco (used in a cigar/cigarette), x2 of: x1 is a cigar/cigarette/cigarillo made from |/smokable substance x2 by x3 /:/ /=/ sigja (sig) &tobacco species, x2 of tanko &tobacco, x1 of tanko *tobacco, x1 is a quantity of | [leaf] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ tanko *today, x1 is x2 full days in duration (default is 1 day) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal /:/ [| (= cabdei); tomorrow (= bavlamdei); yesterday (= prulamdei)] /=/ djedi (dje dei) *toe, x1 is a/the finger/digit/| [body-part] on limb/body site x2 of body x3; [metaphor: peninsula] /:/ [finger (= xandegji), | (= jmadegji)]; , /=/ degji (deg) *toe, x1 is a/the thumb/big | [body-part] on limb x2 of x3; [metaphor based on relative shape] /:/ [thumb (specifically the hand = xantamji), big | (= jmatamji)] /=/ tamji (taj) *together (held |, of a bundle/clump), x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held | by x3 /:/ /=/ bakfu (baf) *together (of a mass/team/aggregate), x1 is a mass/team/aggregate/whole, | composed of components x2, considered jointly /:/ [A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) displayed by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individual set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily relevant to the mass property implicit in this bridi] /=/ gunma (gum) *together (sewn |), x2 of: x1 sews/stitches/sutures materials x2 (individual/set) | with tool(s) x3, using filament x4 /:/ (x2 if a set must be a complete specification) /=/ fenso (fen fe'o) *together with, x1 is with/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state) /:/ [x1 is |/along with x2] /=/ kansa (kan) *token (coin-like object), x1 is a coin/|/is specie issued by x2 having value x3 of composition including x4 /:/ /=/ sicni (si'i) @token (symbol), see symbol, sign *toll, x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4 /:/ [also custom, |, tariff, tribute] /=/ cteki (tek ce'i) *tolls (produces sound, of a bell/chime), x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2 /:/ [also: x1 rings/| (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)] /=/ janbe (jab) &tomato species, x2 of tamca &tomato, x1 of tamca *tomato, x1 is a | [fruit/vegetable/plant] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ tamca *tomorrow evening, x1 is an evening [from end-of-work until sleep typical for locale] of day x2 at location x3 /:/ [this evening (= cabvanci); | (= bavlamvanci); yesterday evening (= prulamvanci)] /=/ vanci (vac) *tomorrow morning, x1 is a morning [dawn until after typical start-of-work for locale] of day x2 at location x3 /:/ [this morning (= cabdeicerni); | (= bavlamcerni); yesterday morning (= prulamcerni, prulamdeicerni)] /=/ cerni (cer) *tomorrow night, x1 is a nighttime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is at night/nocturnal /:/ [tonight (= cabycte); | (= bavlamcte, even when tonight is still in the future); last night (= prulamcte)] /=/ nicte (cte) *tomorrow, x1 is x2 full days in duration (default is 1 day) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal /:/ [today (= cabdei); | (= bavlamdei); yesterday (= prulamdei)] /=/ djedi (dje dei) *tone (pure frequency sound), x1 is a |/note of frequency/pitch x2 from source x3 /:/ /=/ tonga (tog to'a) *tone (whistled note), x2 of: x1 [sound source] whistles/makes whistling sound/note/|/melody x2 /:/ /=/ siclu (sil) &tone frequency, x2 of tonga &tone source, x3 of tonga &tone, x1 of tonga @tone, see also "note" %tone, x1 is a note/musical notation/symbol for |/note x2 of frequency/pitch x3 in musical notation system x4/:/ /=/ togle'u &tongs, x1 of cinza &tongs, thing grasped with | x3 of cinza &tongs, use | x2 of cinza *tongs, x1 is a/are |-(s)/chopsticks/pincers/tweezers/pliers [tool/body-part] for x2 to pinch x3 /:/ /=/ cinza *tongs, x1 is a/are |/chopsticks/pincers/tweezers/pliers [tool/body-part] for x2 to pinch x3 /:/ /=/ cinza *tongue (body part), x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: similar to nazbi, tamji, degji) /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is lingual] /=/ tance (tac) *tongue (language), x1 is a/the language/dialect used by x2 to express/communicate x3 (si'o/du'u, not quote) /:/ [also |] /=/ bangu (ban bau) &tongue, x1 of tance &tongue, thing having | x2 of tance &tongued, x2 of tance *tonight, x1 is a nighttime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is at night/nocturnal /:/ [| (= cabycte); tomorrow night (= bavlamcte, even when | is still in the future); last night (= prulamcte)] /=/ nicte (cte) *too much, x1 is an excess of/| of x2 by standard x3 /:/ [cloying (= maldu'e, tolpu'adu'e)] /=/ dukse (dus du'e) *tool (muscle as metaphor for |), x1 is a/the muscle [body-part] controlling x2, of body x3; [metaphor: | of physical power] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is muscular] /=/ sluji (slu) &tool, x1 of tutci &tool, x2 of pilno &tool, biting | x4 of batci &tool, climbing | x4 of cpare &tool, digging | x4 of kakpa &tool, done with | x2 of tutci &tool, hitting | x3 of darxi &tool, plowing | x3 of plixa &tool, polishing | x4 of spali &tool, printing | x3 of prina &tool, sewing | x3 of fenso *tool, x1 is a |/utensil/resource/instrument/implement used for doing x2; [form determines function] /:/ (cf. basic | types: salpo, pulni, cfine, klupe, jendu, xislu, vraga; utensils: forca, smuci, dakfu; specifics: balre, mruli, cinza, garna, pijne, pambe, canpa, pilno, vraga) /=/ tutci (tci) *tools (| used for climbing), x1 climbs/clambers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/|] /:/ /=/ cpare (par) &tooth, x1 of denci &tooth, comb | x3 of komcu &tooth, thing having | x2 of denci *tooth, x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2 /:/ (for metaphor: see dakfu, pagre, jgalu) /=/ denci (den de'i) &toothed, x2 of denci *top (cover/lid), x1 is a cover/[lid/|] for covering/concealing/sheltering x2 /:/ /=/ gacri (gai) *top (headgear), x1 is a cap/hat/crown/helmet/piece of headgear [head-| garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ mapku (map) *top (roof/ceiling), x1 is a roof/|/ceiling/lid of x2 /:/ over/above something and shelters it from other things above the drudi, mapku) /=/ drudi (rud dru) *top (upper body garment), x1 is a shirt/blouse/| [upper-body garment - not necessarily sleeved or buttoned], material x2 /:/ /=/ creka (cek) &top, thing having on | x2 of cpana *topic (of a sentence/phrase), x2 of: x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [|/subject/predicate/focus] in language x3 /:/ /=/ jufra (juf ju'a) *topic (| of discussion), x2 of: x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about |/subject x2 /:/ [also chat, converse] /=/ casnu (snu) &topic, x2 of prosa %topic, x1 is an event of x2(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo'u possible) discussing/talking about |/subject x3 /:/ [also x1 is a chat/conversation/discussion/palaver] /=/ nunsnu *topping, x1 is a sauce/|/gravy/frosting for use with x2, containing ingredient(s) including x3 /:/ [x3 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of sauce x1] /=/ sanso &torque, x2 of torni *torsion, x2 of: x1 twists under load/force/| x2 /:/ /=/ torni (ton to'i) *torus, x1 is a ring/annulus/|/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diameter x3, outside diameter x4 /:/ [also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)] /=/ djine (jin) *total (containment), x1 is in/inside/within x2; x1 is on the inside/interior of x2 [totally within the bounds of x2] /:/ [indicates | containment]; (cf. se vasru (for containment that need not be |)) /=/ nenri (ner ne'i) *total (entire/complete), x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 /:/ [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, |, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely] /=/ mulno (mul mu'o) *total (result of addition), x1 is a mathematical sum/result/| of x2 plus/increased by x3 /:/ /=/ sumji (suj) *total (result of multiplication), x1 is the product/|/result of factors/multiplicands (x2 and x3) x2 multiplied by x3 /:/ /=/ pilji (pi'i) *total (result), x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process) /:/ [also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja'e for reordered places); | (general meaning, but also = me'orja'e, pi'irja'e, sujyja'e)] /=/ jalge (jag ja'e) *total (| number of repetitions), x2 of: x1 [action] repeats/is repeated for a | of x2 (quantity) occurrences /:/ [practice (= rapyzu'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo'i)] /=/ rapli (rap) *totally (|/entirely complete, of an event), x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 /:/ [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, |, wholly, completely, entirely] /=/ mulno (mul mu'o) *totally within, x1 is in/inside/within x2; x1 is on the inside/interior of x2 [| within the bounds of x2] /:/ [indicates total containment] /=/ nenri (ner ne'i) &touch, x1 of pencu *touch, x1 (agent) |-es x2 with x3 [a locus on x1 or an instrument] at x4 [a locus on x2] /:/ /=/ pencu (pec pe'u) &touched at, x4 of pencu &touched with, x3 of pencu &touched, x2 of pencu *touches, x1 (agent) | x2 with x3 [a locus on x1 or an instrument] at x4 [a locus on x2] /:/ /=/ pencu (pec pe'u) *touching, x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4 /:/ [also |, contiguous, against] /=/ lamji (lam la'i) *tough (durable/surviving), x1 survives/endures/undergoes/abides/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 /:/ [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is |/durable] /=/ renvi (rev re'i) *tough (strong/powerful), x1 is strong/powerful/[|] in property/quality x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ tsali (tsa) *towards (attentive |), x1 is attentive |/attends/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2 /:/ /=/ jundi (jud ju'i) *towards (direction - general term), x1 is the direction of x2 (object/event) from origin/in frame of reference x3 /:/ [x2 is | x1 from x3 (= selfa'a for reordered places)] /=/ farna (far fa'a) *towards (direction of a current), x3 of: x1 is a current/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/| x3 from direction/source x4 /:/ [x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes | x3; flush (= camfle, sukfle)] /=/ flecu (fle) *towards (direction of evolution), x2 of: x1 develops/evolves |/into x2 from x3 through stages x4 /:/ /=/ farvi (fav) *towards (direction of extreme), x3 of: x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), | x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3 /:/ [also very, pretty, a lot, immoderate/immoderately, intense, quite, extremely] /=/ mutce (tce) *towards (object of socialization), x2 of: x1 interacts/behaves socially with x2; x1 socializes with/is sociable | x2 /:/ /=/ jikca (jik) *town, x1 is a |/city of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/region x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is urban] /=/ tcadu (tca) *toxic, x1 is poisonous/venomous/|/a toxin to x2 /:/ /=/ vindu (vid) *toxin, x1 is poisonous/venomous/toxic/a | to x2 /:/ /=/ vindu (vid) &toy, x2 of kelci *toy, x1 [agent] plays with plaything/| x2 /:/ [play game (= ci'erkei), play competitively (= jvikei)] /=/ kelci (kel kei) &track for running, x2 of bajra *track, x1 is a route/path/way/course/| to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) &trade, commodity of | x2 of canja &trade, commodity of | x3 of canja &traded, x2 of canja &traded, x3 of canja @trademark (brand name), consider metaphor "maker-symbol" (= zbasni) &trader, x1 of canja &trader, x4 of canja *trader, x1 or x4 of: x1 exchanges/trades/barters commodity/service x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a |/merchant/businessman /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics) /=/ canja (caj) *trades (replaces/substitutes for), x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute /:/ [also: x1 | places with x2] /=/ basti (bas) *trades, x1 or x4 of: x1 exchanges/|/barters commodity/service x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'ercanja for unambiguous semantics) /=/ canja (caj) *trading (| of a market), x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/| (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, | post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) *trading post, x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3 /:/ [also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, |, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators] /=/ zarci (zac zai) *tradition (| governing marriage), x1 is married to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under law/custom/|/system/convention x3 /:/ /=/ speni (spe) *traditional beliefs, x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3 /:/ [also mythos, creed, |, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca'i, jdaka'i, jdaja'a); organized church/religion (= be'ejda), congregation (= jdabe'e, jdagri)] /=/ lijda (jda) &tragedy, x1 of betri &tragedy, sufferer of | x2 of betri *tragedy, x1 is a |/disaster/tragic for x2 /:/ /=/ betri (bet) &tragic, finds | x2 of betri *tragic, x1 is a tragedy/disaster/| for x2 /:/ /=/ betri (bet) &trailed, x2 of trixe *trailing (of a tail/appendix), x1 is a/the tail/appendix [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: |, following portion/appendage] /:/ /=/ rebla (reb) *trailing (something preceded/led), x2 of: x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following /:/ [also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in 'leading indicators'; x2 after, | (= selyli'e for reordered places)] /=/ lidne (li'e) *train (objects joined together in sequence), x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union /:/ [also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); | - a sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)] /=/ jorne (jon jo'e) *train (vehicle), x1 is a | [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or | of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) &train car, x2 of trene &train system, x3 of trene &train, x1 of trene *trained (strongly |, regimented), x1 is military/regimented/is strongly organized/| by system x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)] /=/ bilni (bil) *trait (characteristic), x2 of: x1 has/is characterized by property/feature/|/aspect/dimension x2 (ka); x2 is manifest in x1 /:/ [manifested/property/quality/|/feature/aspect (= selkai)] /=/ ckaji (kai) *trait (feminine |), x3 of: x1 is a female/doe of species x2 evidencing feminine |(s) x3 (ka); x1 is feminine /:/ /=/ fetsi (fet fe'i) *trait (masculine |), x3 of: x1 is a male/buck of species x2 evidencing masculine |(s) x3 (ka); x1 is masculine /:/ /=/ nakni (nak) *trait (| determined by gene), x3 of: x1 is a gene of creature [or locus on creature] x2 determining |/process x3 /:/ [also chromosome = (gincilta, ginpoi)] /=/ jgina (gin) &trait, female | x3 of fetsi &trait, genetic | x3 of jgina &trait, male | x3 of nakni &trait, mature | x2 of makcu *tramway (= lajre'e), x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, |, roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) *transceiver (telephone |), x1 is a telephone |/modem attached to system/network x2 /:/ /=/ fonxa (fon) *transfer (| via mail/post), x1 mails/posts [| via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5 /:/ [also x4 post office, mailbox] /=/ mrilu (mri) &transfer means, x5 of benji &transfer, medium of | x5 of benji &transfer, receive | x3 of benji *transfer, x1 |-s/sends/transmits x2 to/towards receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 /:/ [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier] /=/ benji (bej be'i) &transferor, x1 of benji &transferred thing, x2 of benji *transfers, x1 |/sends/transmits x2 to/towards receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 /:/ [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier] /=/ benji (bej be'i) *transforms (modifies), x1 (event) modifies/alters/changes/|/converts x2 into x3 /:/ [causal, resultative change; agentive modify (= gafygau, gafyzu'e)] /=/ galfi (gaf ga'i) *transforms into (becomes), x1 becomes/changes/converts/| x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [resultative, not-necessarily causal, change] /=/ binxo (bix bi'o) &transience property, x2 of zasni &transience standard, x3 of zasni &transient, x2 of zasni *transient, x1 is temporary/not permanent/expected to change in property x2 (ka) by standard/expectant x3 /:/ [also |] /=/ zasni (zas) &translate, x1 of fanva *translate, x1 |-s text/utterance x2 to language x3 from language x4 with |-tion result x5 /:/ /=/ fanva &translated into, x3 of fanva &translated out of, x4 of fanva &translated, x2 of fanva *translates, x1 | text/utterance x2 to language x3 from language x4 with translation result x5 /:/ /=/ fanva *translation (result of translating), x5 of: x1 translates text/utterance x2 to language x3 from language x4 with | result x5 /:/ /=/ fanva &translation, x5 of fanva &translator, x1 of fanva *transmission (| in-the-clear), x2 of: x1 (object/medium) is clear/transparent/without obstacle to in-the-clear x2 [|] /:/ [also lucid; x2 remains apparent/lucid/clear (figurative use for 'understandable' is discouraged)] /=/ klina (kli) &transmission, radio | x2 of cradi &transmit mail, x4 of mrilu *transmits (broadcasts via radio), x1 broadcasts/| [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4 /:/ /=/ cradi *transmits (sends/transfers), x1 transfers/sends/| x2 to/towards receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 via means/medium x5 /:/ [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier] /=/ benji (bej be'i) &transmitted clearly, x2 of klina &transmitter, x4 of benji *transmitter, x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to/towards receiver x3 from |/origin x4 via means/medium x5 /:/ [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier] /=/ benji (bej be'i) *transparent, x1 (object/medium) is clear/|/without obstacle to in-the-clear x2 [transmission] /:/ [also lucid; x2 remains apparent/lucid/clear (figurative use for 'understandable' is discouraged)] /=/ klina (kli) *transport (vehicle), x1 is a vehicle/mode of | carrying x2 in/on surface/medium x3, propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ marce (ma'e) @transport, see also "move", "go", "means", "vehicle", "transfer" *transportation (| system with station/node), x2 of: x1 is a station/node of/in/on |/communication/distribution system/network x2 /:/ [x2 may be represented by massed vehicles of system] /=/ tcana &transportation means, x5 of klama &transported, x2 of marce *transports (carrier), x1 carries/hauls/bears/| cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter] /:/ [alienation from x2 to x3 is implied] /=/ bevri (bev bei) &trap, x3 of kavbu *trap, x3 of: x1 captures/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with |/restraint x3 /:/ [catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)] /=/ kavbu (kav) &travel means, x3 of litru &travel, x1 of litru *travel, x1 |-s/journeys/goes/moves via route x2 using means/vehicle x3; x1 is a |-ler /:/ (x2 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly) /=/ litru (li'u) &traveled, route | x2 of litru *traveller (of one who comes/goes), x1 comes/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 /:/ [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a |; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ klama (kla) *traveller (of one who journeys), x1 travels/journeys/goes/moves via route x2 using means/vehicle x3; x1 is a | /:/ (x2 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly) /=/ litru (li'u) *travelling (surface for |), x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered) /:/ [a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for |] /=/ dargu (dag) *travels (comes/goes), x1 comes/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/vehicle x5 /:/ [also |, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ klama (kla) *travels (journeys), x1 |/journeys/goes/moves via route x2 using means/vehicle x3; x1 is a traveller /:/ (x2 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly) /=/ litru (li'u) *traverses, x1 intersects/crosses/| x2 at locus x3 /:/ /=/ kruca (kuc) &tray contents, x2 of palne &tray material, x3 of palne &tray, x1 of palne *tray, x1 is a |/platter/flat container [pan/sheet/griddle] of contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ [also pallet, when used for carrying rather than support on the ground; a | is flat-bottomed and shallow or without a rim, and is generally portable] /=/ palne &tread, x2 of stapa *treads, x1 steps/| on/in surface x2 using limbs x3 /:/ /=/ stapa (tap) &treat, x1 of mikce *treated (of an ailing person), x2 of: x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is | by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) &treated lightly, x2 of xalbo &treated, x2 of mikce &treated, ailment | x3 of mikce @treating (of a doctor/nurse), see also "cure" *treating (of a hospital), x1 is a hospital | patient(s) x2 for condition/injuries/disease/illness x3 /:/ [hospice (a place where x2 of spita is lenu mrobi'o = mrospita)] /=/ spita *treatment (medical |), x4 of: x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by |/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 |/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); | (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) &treatment, medical | x4 of mikce *treats (doctors/nurses), x1 doctors/|/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4 /:/ [also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka'orbi'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)] /=/ mikce (mic) *treats of, x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2 /:/ [also: x1 is a question of/| of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2] /=/ srana (ra'a) *tree (citrus |), x1 is a quantity of citrus [fruit/|, etc.] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ nimre *tree (fig |), x1 is a fig [fruit/|] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ figre (fig) *tree (general plant term), x1 is a | of species/cultivar x2 /:/ /=/ tricu (ric) *tree (oak |), x1 is an oak, a type of | of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ cindu *tree (source of bark), x2 of: x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of cork/bark from |/species x2; [material] /:/ /=/ korka (kok) *tree (source of lumber/wood), x2 of: x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains wood/lumber from |(s) of type/species x2 /:/ /=/ mudri (mud) &tree species, x2 of tricu &tree, x1 of tricu @tree, see also "branch" *tree-structured (categorization), x1 is a species of genus x2, family x3, etc.; [open-ended | categorization] /:/ [also subspecies, order, phylum; (places do not correspond to specific levels in the hierarchy; rather, x1 is at a "lower" or "bushier" part of the | than x2, x2 is "lower" than x3, etc.; skipping a place thus means that there is one or more known-and-unspecified levels of hierarchy between the two); not limited to Linnean animal/plant taxonomy] /=/ jutsi (jut) *trembles, x1 shakes/quakes/|/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion] /=/ desku (des) *trench, x1 is a groove/|/furrow [shape/form] in object/surface x2 /:/ /=/ skuro (ku'o) *tribe, x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard x3 /:/ [also clan, |; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places), relative of (= lazmi'u - xy mintu y'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)] /=/ lanzu (laz) *tribute, x1 is a tax/levy/duty on goods/services/event x2 levied against x3 by authority/collector x4 /:/ [also custom, toll, tariff, |] /=/ cteki (tek ce'i) *tricks, x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/| x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceives/| into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) &tried, x2 of troci &tried, x3 of snada *tries, x1 |/attempts/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3 /:/ [also experiments at] /=/ troci (toc toi) *triggered (of a machine), x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [automated apparatus, without direct function control] /:/ [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/| by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)] /=/ minji (mi'i) *triggered (of an apparatus), x1 is apparatus/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[|] by x3 (agent) /:/ [form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)] /=/ cabra (ca'a) *triggers (initiates by command), x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur /:/ [also: x1 orders/sets/[|] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi'e)] /=/ minde (mid mi'e) @triggers, see also "stimulates" *trigonometric sine, x1 is the | of angle x2 /:/ /=/ sinso *trigonometric tangent, x1 is the | of angle x2 /:/ /=/ tanjo *trillion, x1 is a | [1x10**12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ terto (tet) *trillionth, x1 is a | [1x10**-12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units) /:/ /=/ picti (pic) *trite, x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ [also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, |, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)] /=/ fadni (fad) *trolley, x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, |, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) *trombone, x1 is a horn/trumpet/|/bugle [brass-wind/lip-reed musical instrument] /:/ /=/ tabra &trouble [n], x3 of raktu &trouble, x1 of raktu &trouble, thing having | x2 of nandu *trouble, x1 (event) |-s/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3 /:/ [also afflicts, is disruptive to, |-some; x1/x3 are a care to, x2 is |-d by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)] /=/ raktu (ra'u) &troubled, x2 of nabmi &troubled, x2 of raktu @troubled, see also "anxious", "stress(-ed)" *troubled, x2 of: x1 (event) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3 /:/ [also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to, x2 is | by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)] /=/ raktu (ra'u) *troubles, x1 (event) |/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3 /:/ [also afflicts, is disruptive to, troublesome; x1/x3 are a care to, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)] /=/ raktu (ra'u) *troublesome, x1 (event) troubles/disturbs x2 (person) causing problem(s) x3 /:/ [also afflicts, is disruptive to, |; x1/x3 are a care to, x2 is troubled by/cares about x1/x3 (= selra'u for reordered places)] /=/ raktu (ra'u) &troubling result, x3 of raktu *trousers, x1 are pants/|/slacks/leggings [legged garment] of material x2 /:/ /=/ palku (pak) *truck, x1 is a car/automobile/|/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ karce *true (assertion), x2 of: x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du'u) is | [can be used for epistemology of authority] /:/ [also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2] /=/ xusra (xus xu'a) *true (both |), x2 and x3 of: x1 is a logical conjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and x3 (du'u) are both | /:/ /=/ kanxe (kax) *true (certainty), x2 of: x1 is certain/sure/positive/convinced that x2 is | /:/ /=/ birti (bit) *true (doubted to be), x2 of: x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du'u) is | /:/ [also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)] /=/ senpi (sen) *true (either or both |), x2 and x3 of: x1 is a logical alternation/disjunction, stating that x2 (du'u) and/or x3 (du'u) is/are | /:/ /=/ vlina *true (epistemological truth), x1 (du'u) is |/truth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jetnu (jet je'u) *true (opined to be |), x2 of: x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du'u) is | about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jinvi (jiv ji'i) *true (| by agreement), x3 of: x1 [person] agrees with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du'u) is | about matter x4 /:/ /=/ tugni (tug tu'i) *true (| by assumption), x2 of: x1 assumes/supposes that x2 (du'u) is | about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ sruma (ru'a) *true (| by belief), x2 of: x1 believes [without objective/external evidence/proof] that belief/creed x2 (du'u) is |/assumed about subject x3 /:/ [also gives credence, has conviction] /=/ krici (kri) *true (| by guess), x2 of: x1 guesses/conjectures/surmises x2 (du'u) is | about subject x3; [epistemology] /:/ [also: x1 has a hunch that x2 is |; x1 imagines x2 is |; words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ smadi &true, x1 of jetnu @true, see also "fact" *truffles, x1 is a mold/fungus/mushrooms/| of species/strain x2 parasitic/growing on x3 /:/ /=/ mledi (led) &trumpet, x1 of tabra *trumpet, x1 is a horn/|/trombone/bugle [brass-wind/lip-reed musical instrument] /:/ /=/ tabra *trundle, x1 rolls/|-s on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller /:/ /=/ gunro (gur gu'o) *trundles, x1 rolls/| on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller /:/ /=/ gunro (gur gu'o) *trunk (box, crate), x1 is a box/carton/|/crate for contents x2, and made of material x3 /:/ /=/ tanxe (tax ta'e) *trunk (lower |/abdomen), x1 is a/the abdomen/belly/lower | [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection] /:/ [also stomach (= djaruntyrango)] /=/ betfu (bef be'u) *trunk (stalk/stem), x1 is a/the stalk/stem/| [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: main support] /:/ /=/ stani *trunk (upper |/chest), x1 is a/the chest/thorax/upper |/[rib cage/breast] [body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ cutne (cut) &trust, x3 of lacri &trusted, x2 of lacri &trustee, x2 of lacri *trustees (board of |), x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), viceroy (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/|, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *trustees, x1 (mass) is a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3 /:/ [board of directors/| (= trukamni, gritrukamni)] /=/ kamni *trusts, x1 relies/depends/counts on/| x2 to bring about/ensure/maintain x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ lacri (lac) *truth (fact in the absolute), x1 (du'u) is a fact/reality/|/actuality, in the absolute /:/ /=/ fatci (fac) *truth (understood), x2 of: x1 understands/comprehends fact/| x2 (du'u) about subject x3; x1 understands (fi) x3 /:/ /=/ jimpe (jmi) *truth (| by epistemology), x1 (du'u) is true/| by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jetnu (jet je'u) &truth standard, x2 of jetnu *truthfully, x1 is honest/open/| revealing to/candid/frank with x2 about matter/fact x3 /:/ [also straight, straight-forward] /=/ stace (sac) %try (an event of trying), x1 is a |/attempt/effort, an event of x2 trying/attempting/making an effort to do/attain x3 (event/state/property) by actions/method x4 /:/ /=/ nuntoi &try, x1 of troci *try, x1 [agent] succeeds in/achieves/completes/accomplishes x2 as a result of effort/attempt/| x3 /:/ [also: x1 reaches x2; (adjective:) x1 is successful; x2 (event/state/achievement)] /=/ snada (sad) *try, x1 |-es/attempts/makes an effort to do/attain x2 (event/state/property) by actions/method x3 /:/ [also experiments at] /=/ troci (toc toi) %trying (an event of trying), x2 of: x1 is a try/attempt/effort, an event of x2 |/attempting/making an effort to do/attain x3 (event/state/property) by actions/method x4 /:/ /=/ nuntoi &trying method, x3 of troci *tub, x1 is a pan/basin/|/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ [also bowl] /=/ tansi (tas) *tub, x1 is a pot/kettle/urn/|/sink, a deep container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ patxu (pax) &tube filling, x3 of tubnu &tube material, x2 of tubnu &tube, x1 of tubnu *tube, x1 is a |/length of |-ing/pipe/hollow cylinder [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of material x3 /:/ [also sleeve, leg, hose, (adjective:) |-ular] /=/ tubnu (tu'u) *tuber, x1 is a potato [an edible |] of variety/cultivar x2 /:/ (use samcu for starchy/tuberous roots that do not reproduce from eyes of |) /=/ patlu *tubing, x1 is a length of |/pipe/hollow cylinder [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of material x3 /:/ [also sleeve, leg, hose, (adjective:) tubular] /=/ tubnu (tu'u) *tubular, x1 is a length of tubing/pipe/hollow cylinder [shape/form] of material x2, hollow of material x3 /:/ [also sleeve, leg, hose, (adjective:) |] /=/ tubnu (tu'u) *tugs, x1 pulls/|/draws/drags x2 by handle/at locus x3 /:/ [gravity (= ka maicpu, mairckupai)] /=/ lacpu (lap cpu) &tulip species, x2 of tujli &tulip, x1 of tujli *tulip, x1 is a | (defined by flower shape) of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ tujli (tuj) *tumbler, x1 is a cup/glass/|/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3 /:/ [a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not] /=/ kabri *tuned (| percussion instrument), x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [| percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2 /:/ [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)] /=/ janbe (jab) &tuned, x2 of stika *tunic, x1 is a robe/|/gown/cloak/dress/[coveralls] [a long/full body garment] of material x2 /:/ [also coveralls (= paspalku)] /=/ pastu (pas) *tuning fork, x1 is a bell/chime/[|] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2 /:/ [also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)] /=/ janbe (jab) &turkey species, x2 of xruki &turkey, x1 of xruki *turkey, x1 is a | [food/bird] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ xruki (xuk) &turn axis, x2 of carna &turn direction, x3 of carna &turn, x2 of jendu *turn, x1 is a curve/|/bend in x2, at locus x3, and defined by set of points/properties x4 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is curved; (x4 as a set of points is sufficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of the bend)] /=/ kruvi (ruv kru) *turn, x1 |-s/rotates/revolves around axis x2 in direction x3 /:/ [also revolve (= jincarna)] /=/ carna (car) &turning point, x2 of suksa &turning thing, x1 of carna *turns (rotates/revolves), x1 |/rotates/revolves around axis x2 in direction x3 /:/ [also revolve (= jincarna)] /=/ carna (car) *turns up (plows), x1 (agent) plows/furrows/tills [cuts into and | up] x2 with tool x3 propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ plixa (lix) *turquoise, x1 is cyan/|/greenish-blue [color adjective] /:/ /=/ cicna *TV (| receiver), x4 of: x1 [broadcaster] televises programming x2 via medium/channel x3 to | receiver x4 /:/ [x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) *tweezers, x1 is a/are tong(s)/chopsticks/pincers/|/pliers [tool/body-part] for x2 to pinch x3 /:/ /=/ cinza &twilight location, x3 of murse &twilight, x1 of murse &twilight, day with | x2 of murse *twilight, x1 is the [astronomical] |/dawn/dusk/half-light/glimmering of day x2 at location x3 /:/ [morning |, dawn (= cermurse); evening |, dusk (= vacmurse)] /=/ murse *twine, x1 is cord/cable/rope/line/|/cordage/woven strands of material x2 /:/ /=/ skori (sko) &twist, x1 of torni *twist, x1 |-s under load/force/torsion x2 /:/ /=/ torni (ton to'i) *twisted, (adjective:) x1 is bent/crooked/not straight or direct/[|]/folded /:/ /=/ korcu (kro) &twisting force, x2 of torni *twists, x1 | under load/force/torsion x2 /:/ /=/ torni (ton to'i) &type metal, alkali | x2 of sodna &type, alcohol | x2 of xalka &type, energy | x2 of nejni &type, halogen | x2 of kliru &type, jewel | x2 of jemna &type, material | x2 of marji &type, mathematics | x2 of cmaci &type, mineral | x2 of kunra &type, nail | x2 of dinko &type, protein | x2 of lanbi &type, rock | x2 of rokci &typical, set with | x3 of fadni *typical, x1 [member] is ordinary/common/|/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ [also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/| property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)] /=/ fadni (fad) *UK, x1 is English/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect x2 /:/ [generally assume broadest sense of 'English'; may refer to 'English', pertaining to the country/people/culture of England (normally requiring constraint = gligu'e, or simply redundancy = gligli-); British English, the norm language of the | (= gliglibau)] /=/ glico (gic gli) &Ukrainian aspect, x2 of vukro &Ukrainian, x1 of vukro *Ukrainian, x1 reflects | language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ vukro (vur vu'o) &umbrella material, x4 of santa &umbrella, x1 of santa &umbrella, shaded by | x2 of santa &umbrella, support | x5 of santa *umbrella, x1 is an |/parasol shielding x2 from x3, made of material x4, supported by x5 /:/ /=/ santa *un-hidden, x1 is public/|/open/jointly available to/owned by all among community x2 (mass) /:/ /=/ gubni (gub) *unacceptable, x1 is bad for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/| to x2 /:/ [be careful to distinguish between a bad/| event, and a bad/| agent: x1 does poorly (= lenu ko'a gasnu cu xlali and not normally ko'a xlali)] /=/ xlali (xla) *unadulterated, x1 is pure/|/unmitigated/simple in property x2 (ka) /:/ [x1 is simply/purely/unmitigatedly/solely x2] /=/ curve (cuv) *unchanging, x1 is constant/invariant/| in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3 /:/ [also stable/consistent/steadfast/firm/steady] /=/ stodi (sto) &uncle, aunt or | x1 of famti &uncle, thing having aunt or | x2 of famti *uncle, x1 is an aunt/| of x2 by bond/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2's parent's generation /:/ /=/ famti *uncommon, x1 [member] is rare/unusual/|/atypical in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ (x3 is complete specification of set) /=/ rirci *uncomplicated, x1 is simple/unmixed/| in property x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ sampu (sap) *unconstrained, x1 is free/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [also unrestricted, unfettered, |; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2] /=/ zifre (zif zi'e) %under conditions, x1 is a vision, an event of x2 viewing/seeing/perceiving visually x3 | x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived] /=/ nunvi'a &under sun, inhabitant | x3 of solri &under, immediately | x2 of cpana &undercut [v], x2 of zmadu &undercut, x2 of mleca *undergoes (endures/survives), x1 survives/endures/|/abides/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 /:/ [also lasts out, withstands; x1 persists/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable] /=/ renvi (rev re'i) *undergoes (experiences), x1 [person/passive/state] |/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1 /:/ [also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 and x2 are empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)] /=/ lifri (lif fri) &underling, x2 of catni *underlying (of a basis), x1 is a basis/foundation/| or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2 /:/ [x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)] /=/ jicmu (cmu) *underlying (of an explanation), x4 of: x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du'u) /:/ [explanation x4 is an | mechanism/details/purpose/method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word not a simple expression of cause] /=/ ciksi (cki) &underneath, thing having | x2 of cnita *underneath, x1 is directly/vertically beneath/below/under/|/down from x2 in frame of reference x3 /:/ [also underside, nether] /=/ cnita (nit ni'a) *underpinning, x1 supports/holds up/is | of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 /:/ [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)] /=/ sarji (sra) *underside, x1 is directly/vertically beneath/below/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of reference x3 /:/ [also |, nether] /=/ cnita (nit ni'a) &understand, x1 of jimpe *understand, x1 |-s/comprehends fact/truth x2 (du'u) about subject x3; x1 |-s (fi) x3 /:/ /=/ jimpe (jmi) *understands (accepts as meaning), x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted/understood by x3; x3 | interpretation/meaning x2 in x1 /:/ [referential meaning (=selsni, snismu)] /=/ smuni (mun smu) *understands, x1 |/comprehends fact/truth x2 (du'u) about subject x3; x1 | (fi) x3 /:/ /=/ jimpe (jmi) *understood (accepted as meaning), x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted/| by x3 /:/ [referential meaning (=selsni, snismu)] /=/ smuni (mun smu) &understood, x2 of jimpe &understood, subject | x3 of jimpe *undertaking (of a purposeful agent), x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 /:/ [also acting at, |, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end] /=/ zukte (zuk zu'e) *uneasy, x1 is embarrassed/disconcerted/flustered/ill-at-ease/| about/under conditions x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ burna *unending, x1 is infinite/|/eternal in property/dimension x2, to degree x3 (quantity)/of type x3 /:/ [also everlasting, eternal (= cimnyteikai, temcimni)] /=/ cimni &unenlightened, x3 of mipri *uneven, x1 is rough/coarse/|/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity /:/ [fine-textured (= tolrufsu)] /=/ rufsu (ruf) *unexpected, x1 (event/action abstract) surprises/startles/is | [and generally sudden] to x2 /:/ [also expectation (= nalspaji), alarm (= te'arspaji)] /=/ spaji (paj) *unfamiliar (alien/foreign), x1 is alien/foreign/[exotic]/| to x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ /=/ fange *unfamiliar (new/novel), x1 is new/|/novel to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4; x1 is a novelty /:/ /=/ cnino (nin ni'o) &unfamiliar with, x2 of fange *unfettered, x1 is free/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [also unrestricted, |, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2] /=/ zifre (zif zi'e) &unfortunate, x2 of betri *unhappy, x1 is sad/depressed/dejected/[|/feels sorrow/grief] about x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ badri (dri) *uniform (cyclical/regular), x1 is regular/cyclical/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/interval x3 /:/ [also |; resonant (= dikslicai)] /=/ dikni (dik) *uniform (homogeneous), x1 (object/event) is |/homogeneous in property x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ manfo *uniform (of a field), x1 is a field [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad | expanse of x2 /:/ [also woods (= ricfoi), lawn/meadow (= sasfoi), brush (= spafoi, cicyspafoi)] /=/ foldi (flo foi) *uniform (of a tile), x1 is a tile/cake [shape/form] of material x2, shape x3, thickness x4 /:/ [a tile is a 3-dimensional object, relatively | and significant in the 3rd dimension, but thin enough that its shape in the the other two dimensions is a significant feature; 'city block' is conceptually a tile; polygon (= taplytai or kardytai - shaped like an approximately-2-dimensional block, li'irclupa - a loop composed of lines)] /=/ tapla &uniform property, x2 of manfo &uniform, x1 of manfo *unimprovable, x1 is perfect/ideal/archetypical/faultless/flawless/| in property/aspect x2 (ka) /:/ [also without defect/error] /=/ prane (pa'e) &uninformed, x3 of mipri *unintentional, x1 (event/state) is an accident/| on the part of x2; x1 is an accident /:/ /=/ snuti (nut) *union (of things joined together), x1 and x2 of: x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a | /:/ [also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)] /=/ jorne (jon jo'e) *unit (cell, most basic subunit), x1 is a cell/atom/|/molecule of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most basic subunit of x2 /:/ (x2 generally has mass nature) /=/ selci (sle) *unit (degree on scale), x1 [magnitude] is a |/degree of/on scale/reference standard x2 (si'o) measuring property x3 /:/ [also grade, level, point; x3 dimension] /=/ gradu (rau) &unit standard, x2 of gradu &unit, x1 of gradu &unit, measured by | x3 of gradu *unit, x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/focus] in language x3 /:/ [| (= jufpau, suzrelvla, suzvla for linguistics sense, which may be a single word), terminal phrase/grammar | (= gensle)] /=/ jufra (juf ju'a) *unit, x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume |(s) [non-metric |; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ dekpu *unit, x1 is x2 (default 1) local weight |(s) [non-metric |], standard x3, subunits [e.g. ounces] x4 /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ bunda (bud) *unit, x1 is x2 (default 1) long local distance |(s) [non-metric |], x3 subunits, standard x4 /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ minli *unit, x1 is x2 (default 1) short local distance |(s) [non-metric |], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [foot (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjamgutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ gutci (guc) *unit, x1 is x2 ampere(s) [metric |] in current (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ xampo (xap xa'o) *unit, x1 is x2 candela [metric |] in luminosity (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ delno (del de'o) *unit, x1 is x2 degree(s) Kelvin [metric |] in temperature (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ kelvo (ke'o) *unit, x1 is x2 gram(s) [metric |] in mass (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ grake (gra) *unit, x1 is x2 liter(s) [metric |] in volume (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ litce (lic) *unit, x1 is x2 local area |(s) [non-metric |] (default 1) by standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ kramu *unit, x1 is x2 meter(s) [metric |] in length (default is 1) measured in direction x3 by standard x4 /:/ /=/ mitre (tre) *unit, x1 is x2 mole(s) [metric |] in substance (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ molro (mo'o) *unit, x1 is x2 steradian(s) [metric |] in solid angle (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ stero (te'o) *unit, x1 is x2 unit(s) [metric |] in angular measure (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ [measured in degrees (julra'o); right ascension [astronomical measurement] (= cacryra'o)] /=/ radno (ra'o) *United Kingdom, x1 reflects British/| Kingdom culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ brito (rit) @United States, see "American" *united, x1 is joined to/connects to/is | with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union /:/ [also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo'etci, jonvelyla'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo'e for a single object joined into a sequence)] /=/ jorne (jon jo'e) *units (cars in a train), x1 is a train [vehicle] of cars/| x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed vehicle or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) *units (counting |), x4 of: x1 (agent) counts the number in set x2 to be x3 [number/count] counting [off] by | x4 /:/ (x2 is complete set) /=/ kancu (kac) *units (measured quantity of |), x3 of: x1 (agent) measures/evaluates x2 [quantity] as x3 | on scale x4 (si'o), with accuracy x5 /:/ /=/ merli (mre) *units (money |), x1 is measured in major-money-| (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 /:/ [also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value] /=/ rupnu (rup ru'u) *units (scale of |), x1 (si'o) is a scale of | for measuring/observing/determining x2 (state) /:/ /=/ ckilu (ci'u) *units (time | measured by a clock)), x1 is clock/watch/timer measuring time | x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism/method x4 /:/ [also timepiece] /=/ junla (jul) &units, counting | x4 of kancu &units, length/width/height in short | x2 of gutci @units, see also "subunits" &units, weight in local | x2 of bunda *universal, x1 (property - ka) is common/general/| among members of set x2 (complete set) /:/ /=/ kampu (kau) &universe domain, x2 of munje &universe rule, x3 of munje &universe, x1 of munje &universe, x4 of traji *universe, x1 is a |/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 /:/ [also world; a | is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. '| of discourse', or 'world of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the | from other universes, or from non-|] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) *university, x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audience/community x4 operated by x5 /:/ [also college, |] /=/ ckule (kul cu'e) *unkind, x1 (person) is cruel/mean/| to victim x2 /:/ /=/ kusru (kus) *unlike all others, x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or | of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) *unlike, x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is | x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3 /:/ [also other-than (less common meaning)] /=/ frica (fic) *unlocking, x1 is a key fitting/releasing/opening/| lock x2, and having relevant properties x3 /:/ [also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (= termifckiku, ckitermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth] /=/ ckiku (kik) &unlucky, x2 of funca *unmitigated, x1 is pure/unadulterated/|/simple in property x2 (ka) /:/ [x1 is simply/purely/unmitigatedly/solely x2] /=/ curve (cuv) *unmitigatedly, x1 is pure/unadulterated/unmitigated/simple in property x2 (ka) /:/ [x1 is simply/purely/|/solely x2] /=/ curve (cuv) *unmixed, x1 is simple/|/uncomplicated in property x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ sampu (sap) &unnerving, x2 of xanka &unobstructed, x2 of klina *unordered, x1 [ordered set] is sequenced/ordered/listed by comparison/rules x2 on | set x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified) /=/ porsi (por poi) *unordered, x1 is a bridge/span over/across x2 between x3 and x4 [|, typically destination first] /:/ /=/ cripu (rip) *unordered, x1 is a canal/channel to x2 from x3 with route x4 /:/ [x2/x3 may be |] /=/ naxle (nax xle) *unpredictable, x1 is random/fortuitous/| under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3 /:/ [also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu'a, cunselcu'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "|")] /=/ cunso (cun cu'o) &unproscribed, x2 of zifre *unreal, x1 [concept] exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is | (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not imply that it doesn't exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so that one can talk about imaginary things without claiming that they thereby really exist] /=/ xanri (xar) *unrestricted, x1 is free/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [also |, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2] /=/ zifre (zif zi'e) *unsaturated (of colors), x1 is dim/dull/pale/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as received/measured by observer x3 /:/ [in colors, indicates |, pastel, pale (though blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)] /=/ kandi (kad) *unspoiled, (adjective:) x1 is fresh/| /:/ /=/ vifne (vif) &unstretched range, x4 of tcena *untamed, (adjective:) x1 is wild/| /:/ [tame (= tolcilce)] /=/ cilce (cic) *until (wait/pause |), x1 awaits/waits/pauses for/| x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) /:/ [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4] /=/ denpa (dep de'a) %untitled, x1 is a commoner/non-elite/low-born/|/vulgar in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ nalnolpre *untrue, x1 is a work of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3 /:/ [also story, lie, |] /=/ cfika (fik fi'a) *untruth (deception), x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); lie/tell an | (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) *untruth (false, of a purported fact), x1 (du'u) is false/is an | by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jitfa (jif) *unusual (rare), x1 [member] is rare/|/uncommon/atypical in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ (x3 is complete specification of set) /=/ rirci *unusual (strange), x1 is strange/weird/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [also alien, mysterious, deviant, queer, |, exotic] /=/ cizra (ciz) *unyielding, x1 is firm/hard/resistant/| to force x2 under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ jdari (jar) *up (high/upward), x1 is high/|/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 /:/ [also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself] /=/ galtu (gal ga'u) *up (something supported), x1 supports/holds |/is underpinning of/[helps] x2 against force/opposition x3 with/by means x4 /:/ [also aids; (adjective:) x1 is dependable, reliable (such reliability may be transient; this is not the usual sense of 'reliable' or 'dependable'; (x2 is object/event)] /=/ sarji (sra) *up (vertically above), x1 is directly/vertically above/|-wards-from x2 in gravity/frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ gapru (gap) *up and down (vertical orientation), x1 is vertical/upright/erect/plumb/oriented straight | in reference frame/gravity x2 /:/ /=/ sraji (raj) *up from (of material dug), x2 of: x1 (agent) digs x2 [material] |/out of x3 [source/hole] with limbs/tool(s) x4 /:/ [also x1 cuts into x3 (with material removal)] /=/ kakpa &up from, soaked | x3 of cokcu &up into, soaked | x4 of cokcu &up space, thing which takes | x2 of canlu &up, coughed | x2 of kafke &up, slips | x2 of snuti &up, soak | x1 of cokcu &up, soaked | x2 of cokcu &up, that which soaks | x1 of cokcu &up, use | x1 of xaksu &up, used | x2 of xaksu &upon, x1 of cpana &upon, agreed | x3 of tugni &upon, reference for | x3 of cpana *upon, x1 is |/atop/resting on/lying on [the upper surface of] x2 in frame of reference/gravity x3 /:/ (x1 may be object or event); (cf. punji for lay |) /=/ cpana *upper (relatively high), x1 is high/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 /:/ [also |; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself] /=/ galtu (gal ga'u) *upper surface (flat |, of a table), x1 is a table/flat solid | of material x2, supported by legs/base/pedestal x3 /:/ /=/ jubme (jub jbu) *upper surface (upon |), x1 is upon/atop/resting on/lying on [the | of] x2 in frame of reference/gravity x3 /:/ (x1 may be object or event) /=/ cpana *upper trunk (chest), x1 is a/the chest/thorax/|/[rib cage/breast] [body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ cutne (cut) @upper, see also "roof", "cover" *upper-body garment, x1 is a shirt/blouse/top [| - not necessarily sleeved or buttoned], material x2 /:/ /=/ creka (cek) *upper-class, x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also |; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles] /=/ nobli (nol no'i) *uppermost (of a head), x1 is a/the head [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: | portion] /:/ [skull (= sedbo'u)] /=/ stedu (sed) *upright (standing), x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/|; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) *upright (vertical), x1 is vertical/|/erect/plumb/oriented straight up and down in reference frame/gravity x2 /:/ /=/ sraji (raj) *upward, x1 is high/up/| in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 /:/ [also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself] /=/ galtu (gal ga'u) *upwards (vertically above), x1 is directly/vertically above/|-from x2 in gravity/frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ gapru (gap) *urban, x1 is a town/city of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/region x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ tcadu (tca) &Urdi aspect, x2 of xurdo &Urdi, x1 of xurdo *Urdu (as an aspect of Hindi/Urdu language community), x1 reflects Hindi language/culture/religion in aspect x2 /:/ [defaults to not include |; Indian (Bharat) nationality may be implied (when constrained by xingu'e)] /=/ xindo (xin) *Urdu, x1 reflects | language/culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ xurdo (xur xu'o) &urinate, x2 of pinca &urine, x1 of pinca *urine, x1 is a/the |/piss/pee of x2 /:/ /=/ pinca *urn, x1 is a bottle/jar/|/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4 /:/ /=/ botpi (bot bo'i) *urn, x1 is a pot/kettle/|/tub/sink, a deep container for contents x2, of material/properties x3 /:/ /=/ patxu (pax) *ursoid, x1 is a bear/| of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ cribe (rib) *USA, x1 pertains to |/American culture/nationality/dialect in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ merko (mer) *use (determining value), x1 (ni) is the equivalent value/worth of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for |/appreciation x4 /:/ [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva'i for reordered places); merit reward (= nemselva'i); receive merited reward (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erva'i, po'erselva'i for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vamji (vam va'i) *use (goal of operation), x1 operates/drives/runs x2 [apparatus/machine] with goal/objective/|/end/function x3 /:/ /=/ sazri (saz) *use (machine function), x1 is a machine for |/function x2; [automated apparatus, without direct function control] /:/ [also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)] /=/ minji (mi'i) *use (result of repair), x1 repairs/mends/fixes x2 for | x3 /:/ [a repair may be incomplete, fixing only one of the possible uses of x2, hence x3] /=/ cikre *use (spoon function), x1 is a spoon/scoop (tool) for | x2, made of material x3 /:/ /=/ smuci (muc) *use (tool/agent), x1 |-s/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 /:/ [also utilize; x2 is |-ful/|-d productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, le'irplicu'a)] /=/ pilno (pli) *use (up), x1 (event) |-s up/depletes/consumes/[wastes] x2 [resource] /:/ [waste (= fesxaksu, dusxaksu)] /=/ xaksu (xak) *use against, x1 is a weapon/arms for | x2 by x3 /:/ [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)] /=/ xarci (xac xa'i) &use for repaired item, x3 of cikre &use for screw, x2 of klupe &use purpose, x3 of pilno &use reference, x2 of manri &use tongs, x2 of cinza &use up, x1 of xaksu &use weapon, x3 of xarci *use with, x1 is a sauce/topping/gravy/frosting for | x2, containing ingredient(s) including x3 /:/ [x3 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of sauce x1] /=/ sanso &use, x1 of pilno &used up, x2 of xaksu &used, x2 of pilno *useful, x2 of: x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 /:/ [also utilize; x2 is |/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, le'irplicu'a)] /=/ pilno (pli) &user, x3 of sabji *uses levity, x1 |/is non-serious/frivolous about x2 (abstraction) /:/ /=/ xalbo *uses up, x1 (event) | up/depletes/consumes/[wastes] x2 [resource] /:/ [waste (= fesxaksu, dusxaksu)] /=/ xaksu (xak) *uses, x1 |/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 /:/ [also utilize; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, le'irplicu'a)] /=/ pilno (pli) *using filament (of sewing), x1 sews/stitches/sutures materials x2 (individual/set) together with tool(s) x3, | x4 /:/ (x2 if a set must be a complete specification) /=/ fenso (fen fe'o) &using ink, pen | x3 of xinmo &using pen, process | x3 of penbi *using radio waves (of broadcasting), x1 broadcasts/transmits [|] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4 /:/ /=/ cradi *USSR, x1 reflects Russian empire/|/ex-|/CIS culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ softo (sof) *usual (average/normal), x1 [value] is a norm/average in property/amount x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard x4 /:/ [also mean, normal, |; (x3 specifies the complete set)] /=/ cnano (na'o) *usual (customary practice), x1 is a custom/habit/[ritual/rut] of x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also: x1 is customary/|/the practice] /=/ tcaci (cac) *usual (typical), x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/| in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ [also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)] /=/ fadni (fad) *utensil (fork-like), x1 is a fork/fork-type tool/| for purpose x2 with tines/prongs x3 on base/support x4 /:/ /=/ forca (fro) *utensil (tool), x1 is a tool/|/resource/instrument/implement used for doing x2; [form determines function] /:/ /=/ tutci (tci) @utensil, see also "spoon", "knife", "tongs", "shovel", "tool", or types of tools *uterus, x1 is a/the womb/| [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: nourishing, protective, giving birth] /:/ /=/ gutra &utile, x2 of pilno *utilize, x1 uses/employs x2 [tool, apparatus, machine, agent, acting entity, material] for purpose x3 /:/ [also |; x2 is useful/used productively by x1 to do x3 (= selpli for reordered places); hire/employ (= le'ipli, le'irplicu'a)] /=/ pilno (pli) *utmost, x1 is superlative in property x2 (ka), the x3 extreme (ka; default ka zmadu) among set/range x4 /:/ [also: x1 is x3-est/| in x2 among x4; x1 is extreme; x1 is simply x3] /=/ traji (rai) &utter, x1 of bacru *utter, x1 |-s verbally/says/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2 /:/ [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)] /=/ bacru (ba'u) *utterance (non-linguistic |), x2 of: x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic |] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) *utterance (sounds uttered verbally), x2 of: x1 utters verbally/says/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] | x2 /:/ [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)] /=/ bacru (ba'u) *utterance (translated |), x2 of: x1 translates text/| x2 to language x3 from language x4 with translation result x5 /:/ /=/ fanva &utterance, x2 of bacru &uttered, x2 of bacru *utters (| non-linguistically), x1 | moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property) /:/ [also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] /=/ cmoni (cmo co'i) *utters (| verbally), x1 | verbally/says/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2 /:/ [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)] /=/ bacru (ba'u) @utters, see also "says" *vacant, x1 [container] is empty/| of x2 [material]; x1 is hollow /:/ [also vacuum (= kunti be roda/so'ada)] /=/ kunti (kut) &vaccinated against, x3 of jinku &vaccinated, x2 of jinku &vaccination method, x4 of jinku &vaccine, x1 of jinku *vaccine, x1 is a |/immune-system stimulant protecting x2 against disease x3 introduced by method x4 /:/ [also serum; inoculation (= jestu'u veljinku)] /=/ jinku *vacuoles (in a foam), x3 of: x1 is a quantity of foam/froth/suds of material x2, with bubbles/| of material x3 /:/ /=/ fonmo (fom fo'o) *vacuum (empty space), x1 [container] is empty/vacant of x2 [material]; x1 is hollow /:/ [also | (= kunti be roda/so'ada)] /=/ kunti (kut) *vacuum (relatively low pressure causing sucking), x1 sucks/is suction/|/relatively low pressure of fluid/gas x2 relative to high pressure x3 /:/ [also suck object/fluid (= sakcpu or sakmuvgau)] /=/ sakci (sak) &vagina, x1 of vibna &vagina, thing having | x2 of vibna *vagina, x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ vibna (vib) *valiant, x1 is brave/|/courageous in activity x2 (event) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ virnu (vri) *validation, x1 (process/event) is a test for/proof of property/state x2 in subject x3 (individuals/set/mass) /:/ [also examination, proxy measure, |; (a set in x3 must be completely specified)] /=/ cipra (cip) *valuable (metaphorical, of gold), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of gold (Au); [metaphor: |, heavy, non-reactive] /:/ /=/ solji (slo) *valuable (metaphorical, of silver), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of silver/argentum (Ag); [metaphor: |, tarnishing] /:/ /=/ rijno (rij) *value (calculated |), x2 of: x1 calculates/reckons/computes x2 [| (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4 /:/ /=/ kanji (kaj) *value (equivalent |/worth), x1 (ni) is the equivalent |/worth of x2 [item(s) of |] to x3 for use/appreciation x4 /:/ [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva'i for reordered places); merit reward (= nemselva'i); receive merited reward (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erva'i, po'erselva'i for unambiguous semantics)]; (see note at jdima on cost/price/| distinction) /=/ vamji (vam va'i) *value (locus in range), x2 of: x1 is local to x2; x1 is confined to locus x2 within range x3 /:/ [indicates a specific location/| within a range; e.g. a hits b. What is the locality on b that a hits?] /=/ diklo (klo) *value (norm/average |), x1 [|] is a norm/average in property/amount x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard x4 /:/ [also mean, normal, usual; (x3 specifies the complete set)] /=/ cnano (na'o) *value (number/digit), x1 (li) is a number/quantifier/digit/|/figure [noun]; refers to the | and not the symbol /:/ /=/ namcu (nac na'u) *value (| in major money units), x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 /:/ [also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/|] /=/ rupnu (rup ru'u) *value (| in money subunits), x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3 /:/ [also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/|]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...) /=/ fepni (fep fei) *value (| of coin/token), x3 of: x1 is a coin/token/is specie issued by x2 having | x3 of composition including x4 /:/ /=/ sicni (si'i) &value, x1 of vamji &value, coin | x3 of sicni *value, x1 is a quantity quantified/measured by | x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si'o) /:/ [also count] /=/ klani (lai) *valued (dear, emotionally |), x1 is dear/precious/darling to x2; x1 is emotionally | by x2 /:/ [x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdirba for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dirba (dib) &valued by, x3 of vamji &valued for, x4 of vamji &valued, x2 of vamji &values, x2 of dirba *van, x1 is a car/automobile/truck/| [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ karce &vanish, sees | x3 of canci *vanish, x1 |-es/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3 /:/ [also leaves, goes away (one sense)] /=/ canci &vanished from, place | x2 of canci &vanished object, sensor which doesn't detect | x3 of canci *vanishes, x1 |/disappears from location x2; x1 ceases to be observed at x2 using senses/sensor x3 /:/ [also leaves, goes away (one sense)] /=/ canci &vanishing thing, x1 of canci &vantage point, x3 of jvinu *vapor (comprising fog/mist), x2 of: x1 is foggy/misty/covered by a fog/mist/| of liquid x2 /:/ /=/ bumru (bum) *vapor (drop of |), x2 of: x1 is a drop [small, cohesive shape] of material [liquid/|] x2 in surrounding material x3 /:/ /=/ dirgo (dig) *vapor (gas), x1 is gaseous/fumes/a gas/| of material/composition including x2, under conditions x3 /:/ [x3 includes temperature and pressure] /=/ gapci (gac) &var 1, predicate | x1 of broda &var 2, predicate | x1 of brode &var 3, predicate | x1 of brodi &var 4, predicate | x1 of brodo &var 5, predicate | x1 of brodu &variable thing, x1 of cenba *variable, 1st assignable | predicate (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ broda (rod) *variable, 2nd assignable | predicate (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ brode (bo'e) *variable, 3rd assignable | predicate (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ brodi *variable, 4th assignable | predicate (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ brodo *variable, 5th assignable | predicate (context determines place structure) /:/ /=/ brodu &variance conditions, x4 of cenba &variance, x3 of cenba &varied property, x2 of vrici *varies, x1 |/changes in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [non-resultative, not-necessarily causal change] /=/ cenba (cne) *various, x1 (set/mass/individual) is miscellaneous/|/assorted in property x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ vrici &vary, x1 of cenba *vary, x1 |-es/changes in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [non-resultative, not-necessarily causal change] /=/ cenba (cne) &varying amount, x3 of cenba &varying property, x2 of cenba *vascular (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 breathes/respires x2 [gas] /:/ (though used to make the Lojban word, clue word | is erroneous, actually pertaining to the circulatory system that carries the respired oxygen to the tissues) /=/ vasxu (vax va'u) *vector, x1 is a line/among lines [1-dimensional shape/form] defined by set of points x2 /:/ [ray/| (farli'i or porli'i)] /=/ linji (lij li'i) *Vedic, x1 reflects Sanskrit language/Sanskritic/| culture/nationality in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ srito *vegetable (leafy |), x1 is a quantity of cabbage/lettuce/leafy | of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ kobli (kob ko'i) *vegetable (plant), x1 is a plant/herb/greenery of species/strain/cultivar x2 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is |/vegetal/vegetative] /=/ spati (spa) *vegetable (tomato), x1 is a tomato [fruit/|/plant] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ tamca &vegetable, x1 of stagi *vegetable, x1 is the edible x2 portion of plant x3; x1 is a | /:/ [note that fruits and nuts are also |-s; generally this word will be used for either the general category of edible plants, or for non-fruit |-s (= nalrutstagi)] /=/ stagi *vegetal, x1 is a plant/herb/greenery of species/strain/cultivar x2 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is vegetable/|/vegetative] /=/ spati (spa) *vegetative, x1 is a plant/herb/greenery of species/strain/cultivar x2 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is vegetable/vegetal/|] /=/ spati (spa) *vehicle (boat as |), x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [|] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ bloti (lot blo lo'i) *vehicle (means of going), x5 of: x1 comes/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 via route x4 using means/| x5 /:/ [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ klama (kla) *vehicle (mode of transport), x1 is a |/mode of transport carrying x2 in/on surface/medium x3, propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ marce (ma'e) *vehicle (rocket), x1 is a rocket [|] propelled by jet expelling x2 carrying payload x3 /:/ /=/ jakne *vehicle (sail on |), x3 of: x1 is a sail for gathering propelling material x2 on |/motor x3 /:/ [waterwheel (= jacfanxi'u)] /=/ falnu (fan) *vehicle (train), x1 is a train [|] of cars/units x2 (mass) for rails/system/railroad x3, propelled by x4 /:/ [a railed | or train of vehicles; also subway (= tu'unre'e), metro, trolley, tramway (= lajre'e), roller coaster; monorail (= dadre'e); cable car, sky car, ski lift (= cildadre'e)] /=/ trene (ren re'e) *vehicle (wheeled motor-|), x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor |] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ karce *vehicle (wheeled |), x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [wheeled |] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ carce *vehicle (| having a cabin), x2 of: x1 is a cabin of | x2 /:/ /=/ sabnu *vehicle (| having a wheel/wheeled), x1 is a wheel [tool] of device/| x2, made of materials/having properties x3 /:/ /=/ xislu (xil xi'u) *vehicle (| with a captain/commander), x2 of: 1 is captain/commander/leader/in-charge of |/domain x2 /:/ /=/ jatna (ja'a) &vehicle propulsion, x4 of marce &vehicle with cabin, x2 of sabnu &vehicle, x1 of marce *vehicle, (aircraft) |x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying |] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ vinji (vij) *vehicle, (means of travelling) x3 of: x1 travels/journeys/goes/moves via route x2 using means/| x3; x1 is a traveller /:/ (x2 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly) /=/ litru (li'u) &vehicle, medium for | x3 of marce &vehicle, wheeled | x2 of xislu *vend, x1 [seller] sells/|-s x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/|-or; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) %vending, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u *vendor (seller), x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/|; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) *vendor (| setting price), x4 of: x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by |/offeror x4 /:/ [x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from transfer of ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdi'a, po'erseldi'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not the same thing as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)] /=/ jdima (di'a) &vendor, x4 of jdima %vendor, x1 is an event of x2 [seller] selling/vending x3 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x4 for amount/cost/expense x5 /:/ [x2 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x4 buys x3 from x2; x5 is the price of x3 to x4 /=/ nunve'u *vends, x1 [seller] sells/| x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer/purchaser x3 for amount/cost/expense x4 /:/ [x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys/purchases x2 from x1 (= terve'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erve'u, po'erselve'u for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vecnu (ven ve'u) &venerated, x2 of sinma *venerates, x1 esteems/respects/|/highly regards x2 [object of respect] /:/ [also: x2 is respected/esteemed/celebrated (= selsi'a for reordered places)] /=/ sinma (si'a) &vengeance, x4 of venfu *vengeance, x4 of: x1 takes revenge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with | x4 (nu) /:/ [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful] /=/ venfu (vef) *vengeful, x1 takes revenge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) /:/ [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is |] /=/ venfu (vef) *venom, x1 is poisonous/|-ous/toxic/a toxin to x2 /:/ /=/ vindu (vid) *venomous, x1 is poisonous/|/toxic/a toxin to x2 /:/ /=/ vindu (vid) *verbally (aloud), x1 utters |/says/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2 /:/ [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)] /=/ bacru (ba'u) *verdant, x1 is green/| [color adjective] /:/ /=/ crino (ri'o) *vernal, x1 is spring/springtime [warming season] of year x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is | /:/ /=/ vensa (ves) *verse, x1 is a poem/| about plot/theme/subject/pattern x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ pemci (pem) *vertebra, x1 is a column/pillar of material x2 /:/ [spine (= bo'urkamju), | (= kamjybo'u)] /=/ kamju *vertex (tip/point), x1 is a tip/point/|/extremity [0-dimension shape/form] on object x2 at locus x3 /:/ /=/ jipno (jip ji'o) *vertex (| of a cone), x3 of: x1 is a cone [shape/form] of material x2 with | x3 /:/ [also ellipse, ellipsoid (= konclupa)] /=/ konju (kon ko'u) *vertex (| of an angle), x2 of: x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from | x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)] /=/ jganu (jga) &vertex, angle | x2 of jganu &vertex, cone | x3 of konju *vertical (standing), x1 stands [is vertically oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/|/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) *vertical (upright/erect/plumb), x1 is |/upright/erect/plumb/oriented straight up and down in reference frame/gravity x2 /:/ /=/ sraji (raj) &vertical, x1 of sraji &verticality, frame for | x2 of sraji *vertically above, x1 is directly/|/upwards-from x2 in gravity/frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ gapru (gap) *vertically beneath, x1 is directly/|/below/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of reference x3 /:/ [also underside, nether] /=/ cnita (nit ni'a) *vertically oriented, x1 stands [is | oriented] on surface x2 supported by limbs/support/pedestal x3 /:/ [x1 is standing; x1 stands up; x1 is erect/vertical/upright; x1 bows/bends over (= krosa'i, krosa'ibi'o, plosa'i); frame of reference is (approximate) perpendicularity to the surface, and not to a gravity field] /=/ sanli (sa'i) *vertices (| of a right-angled figure), x2 of: x1 is a right-angled shape/form defined by set of | x2, dimensions x3 (default 2) /:/ [also rectangle, square, rectilinear; square (= kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa), cube (= kurkubli), rectangle (= clakurfa), rhombus/diamond (= sa'orkurfa, sa'orpitkubli)] /=/ kurfa (kur) &vertices, square | x2 of kurfa *very light, x1 is white/|-light colored [color adjective] /:/ [pale forms of other colors are a compound of white; e.g. pink (= labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity)] /=/ blabi (lab) @very, see also "intense" *very, x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, | x3 /:/ [also |, pretty, a lot, immoderate/immoderately, intense, quite, extremely] /=/ mutce (tce) *vessel (container), x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a | containing x2 /:/ [also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)] /=/ vasru (vas vau) *vessel (drinking |), x1 is a cup/glass/tumbler/mug/|/[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3 /:/ [a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not] /=/ kabri *vessel (ship), x1 is a boat/ship/| [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ bloti (lot blo lo'i) &vessel, drinking | x3 of pinxe @vessel, see also "vehicle", "container" *via (mail/intermediary service), x1 mails/posts [transfer |] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5 /:/ [also x4 post office, mailbox] /=/ mrilu (mri) *via (route defined as set of points), x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 | including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) *via expressive medium, x1 (agent) expresses/says x2 (sedu'u/text/lu'e concept) for audience x3 | x4 /:/ [also says] /=/ cusku (cus sku) *via radio station/frequency, x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 | x3 to [radio] receiver x4 /:/ /=/ cradi *via route (excretion), x1 [body] excretes waste x2 from source x3 |/means x4 /:/ /=/ vikmi (vim vi'i) *via route (going), x1 comes/goes to destination x2 from origin x3 | x4 using means/vehicle x5 /:/ [also travels, journeys, moves, leaves to ... from ...; x1 is a traveller; (x4 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ klama (kla) *via route (leaving), x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 | x3 /:/ [also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2] /=/ cliva (liv li'a) *via route (travel) x1 travels/journeys/goes/moves | x2 using means/vehicle x3; x1 is a traveller /:/ (x2 as a set includes points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly) /=/ litru (li'u) *via sensory channel, x1 is a noise/din/clamor [sensory input without useful information] to x2 | x3 /:/ /=/ savru (sav vru) *via television medium/channel, x1 [broadcaster] televises programming x2 | x3 to television receiver x4 /:/ [x2 programming (mass), program/show (individual)] /=/ tivni (tiv) *via transfer medium, x1 transfers/sends/transmits x2 to/towards receiver x3 from transmitter/origin x4 | means x5 /:/ [also possibly "sharing"; no (complete) alienation from origin is implied]; [x5 carrier] /=/ benji (bej be'i) *vibrates, x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/| from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion] /=/ desku (des) *vibrating (as a producer of music), x2 of: x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/|, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) *vibration (sound), x1 is |/sound produced/emitted by x2 /:/ [x2 sounds (intransitive verb)] /=/ sance (sna) *vice-, x1 is a deputy/|/subordinate in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to principal x3 /:/ [also assistant, adjutant] /=/ vipsi (vip) *viceroy, x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2 /:/ [x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi'o), representative democracy (= rolka'itrusi'o), | (= ka'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci'e (emphasizing the organization))] /=/ turni (tru) *victim (experiencer of injury), x2 of: x1 (event) hurts/injures/harms/damages | x2 in property x3 (ka) resulting in injury x4 (state) /:/ /=/ xrani (xai) %victim (in an event of aggression), x1 is an aggression, an event of x2 (person/mass) attacking/invading/committing aggression upon | x3 with goal/objective x4 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) *victim (threatened), x3 of: x1 (agent) promises/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/|] /:/ /=/ nupre (nup nu'e) *victim (| of a weapon), x2 of: x1 is a weapon/arms for use against | x2 by x3 /:/ [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)] /=/ xarci (xac xa'i) *victim (| of aggression), x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon defender/| x2 with goal/objective x3 /:/ /=/ gunta (gut) *victim (| of cruelty), x2 of: x1 (person) is cruel/mean/unkind to | x2 /:/ /=/ kusru (kus) *victim (| of harshness), x2 of: x1 (event/action/state) is severe/harsh to x2 [|/experiencer] /:/ /=/ jursa (jus) &victim of hitting, x2 of darxi *victor, x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4 /:/ [also: x1 is a |; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; /=/ jinga (jig ji'a) *vicuna, x1 is a camel/llama/alpaca/|/dromedary of species/breed x2 /:/ [llama (= tcokumte), Bactrian camel (= zdokumte); Arabian camel/dromedary (= rabykumte)] /=/ kumte *video (pertaining to a video monitor/CRT), x1 is a | monitor/CRT/screen [machine] serving function x2 /:/ /=/ vidni &video function, x2 of vidni *video moniotr, x1 is a |/CRT/screen [machine] serving function x2 /:/ /=/ vidni &video, x1 of vidni @video, see also "television" *vies, x1 competes/| with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2 /:/ [also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)] /=/ jivna (jvi) &view, x1 of jvinu @view, see also "opine", "opinion", "see" *view, x1 is the |/scene/panorama/sight/prospect of x2 (object/location) from point-of-| x3 /:/ [also x1 is on display to x2/x3] /=/ jvinu (vin ji'u) &viewed, x2 of jvinu %viewing, x1 is a vision, an event of x2 |/seeing/perceiving visually x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived] /=/ nunvi'a *viewpoint (something agreed with), x1 [person] agrees with person(s)/position/| x2 that x3 (du'u) is true about matter x4 /:/ /=/ tugni (tug tu'i) *viewpoint (| argued against), x2 of: x1 argues for viewpoint x2 against | x3; [an opponent is not necessary] /:/ /=/ darlu (dau) *viewpoint (| argued for), x2 of: x1 argues for | x2 against viewpoint/stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary] /:/ /=/ darlu (dau) *viewpoint, x2 of: x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion/|] (du'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4 /:/ [words usable for epistemology typically have a du'u place] /=/ jinvi (jiv ji'i) &views as wise, x3 of prije *views, x1 looks at/examines/|/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2 /:/ [also look through (= grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"] /=/ catlu (cta) *views, x1 |/sees/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"] /=/ viska (vis vi'a) *vigilante, x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/|] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2 /:/ [police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca'irpulji, ka'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)] /=/ pulji *viola, x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 /:/ [also lute, |, cello] /=/ jgita (git) *violence, x1 is an event/state/act of | /:/ /=/ vlile (vil) *violent (of vomiting), x1 vomits/regurgitates x2; x1 throws x2 up; [|] digestive expulsion /:/ (x2 is non-gaseous) /=/ vamtu (vat) *violent motion, x1 whips/lashes/snaps [a sudden |] /:/ /=/ bikla (bik) &violent, x1 of vlile *violent, x1 (event) is | /:/ /=/ vlile (vil) *violent, x1 is an event/state/act of |-ce /:/ /=/ vlile (vil) *violently (of an explosion), x1 bursts/explodes/| breaks up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments x2 /:/ /=/ spoja (poj po'a) *violet, x1 is purple/| [color adjective] /:/ /=/ zirpu (zir zi'u) *violin, x1 is guitar/|/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2 /:/ [also lute, viola, cello] /=/ jgita (git) *virtue (sound clue not identical in meaning), x1 is brave/valiant/courageous in activity x2 (event) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ virnu (vri) &virtue standard, x2 of vrude &virtue, x1 of vrude *virtue, x1 is |-ous/saintly/[fine/moral/nice/holy/morally good] by standard x2 /:/ [holy/saintly (= cesyvu'e)] /=/ vrude (vud vu'e) *virtuous, x1 is |/saintly/[fine/moral/nice/holy/morally good] by standard x2 /:/ [holy/saintly (= cesyvu'e)] /=/ vrude (vud vu'e) &virus locus, x3 of vidru &virus property, x2 of vidru &virus, x1 of vidru *virus, x1 is a | of species/breed/defining property x2 capable of infecting [at] x3 /:/ /=/ vidru (vir) *viscera, x1 is a/the gut(s)/entrails/intestines/|/innards/digestive system [body-part] of x2 /:/ [metaphor: process hub] /=/ canti &viscosity conditions, x2 of viknu &viscous, x1 of viknu *viscous, x1 is thick/| under conditions x2 /:/ /=/ viknu (vik) &visible, x2 of viska %vision, x1 is a |, an event of x2 viewing/seeing/perceiving visually x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived] /=/ nunvi'a *vision, x1 sees/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"] /=/ viska (vis vi'a) &visit, x1 of vitke *visit, x1 is a guest/|-or of x2 at place/event x3; x1 |-s x2/x3 /:/ /=/ vitke (vi'e) &visited, x2 of vitke &visited, x3 of vitke &visitor, x1 of vitke *visitor, x1 is a guest/| of x2 at place/event x3; x1 visits x2/x3 /:/ /=/ vitke (vi'e) *visits, x1 is a guest/visitor of x2 at place/event x3; x1 | x2/x3 /:/ /=/ vitke (vi'e) %visual (pertaining to events of viewing), x1 is a vision, an event of x2 viewing/seeing/perceiving visually x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are |; x4 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived] /=/ nunvi'a *visual (pertaining to sight), x1 or x2 of: x1 sees/perceives |-ly x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are |; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"] /=/ viska (vis vi'a) *visually (| perceive), x1 sees/perceives | x2 under conditions x3 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"] /=/ viska (vis vi'a) %visually, x1 is a vision, an event of x2 viewing/seeing/perceiving | x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [also (adjective:) x1, x2 are visual; x4 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived] /=/ nunvi'a *vital (alive), x1 lives/is alive by standard x2; x1 is an organism/living thing /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is |, organic] /=/ jmive (miv ji'e) *vital fluid, x1 is blood/| of organism x2 /:/ /=/ ciblu (blu) @vital, see also "important", "necessary", "need" *vocally (| makes a sound), x1 utters verbally/says/phonates/speaks [| makes sound] x2 /:/ [also voices; does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)] /=/ bacru (ba'u) *vocation, x1 is a job/occupation/employment/| (a type of work regularly done for pay) of person x2 /:/ [working for another (= selplijibri)] /=/ jibri (jib) *voice (speech sound), x1 is a |/speech sound of individual x2 /:/ /=/ voksa (vok vo'a) *voice (used to produce music), x2 of: x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event) /:/ [x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica'a); play an instrument (= zgica'apli, zgiterca'a, selzgigau, selzgizu'e); song (= sa'azgi, selsa'a); |, as used musically (= zgivo'a); composed music (= fingi'e)] /=/ zgike (zgi gi'e) &voice, x1 of voksa &voice, thing having | x2 of voksa &voiced, is | x2 of bacru *voices, x1 |/utters verbally/says/phonates/speaks [vocally makes sound] x2 /:/ [does not necessarily imply communication or audience; ('says' is usually cusku)] /=/ bacru (ba'u) *volcanic (metaphorical sulfur), x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sulfur/brimstone (S); [metaphor: foul odor, |] /:/ /=/ sliri *volition (acquire with |), x1 takes/gets/gains/obtains/seizes/[removes] x2 (object/property) from x3 (possessor) /:/ [also confiscate, appropriate]; [acquire with | such that x1 gains possession; x3 is possessor and not merely source, alienation is implied]; (cf. punji, cpacu where | or previous possession is not necessarily implied, vimcu for alienation where x1 need not gain possession, canci, cliva) /=/ lebna (leb le'a) *volition (having |), x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 /:/ [also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with |/purpose; also x3 objective, end] /=/ zukte (zuk zu'e) *volition (having |, of a motivated person), x3 of: x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per | of x3 /:/ [also; x3 is motivated to bring about result/goal/objective x2 by x1 (= termu'i for reordered places); (note that 'under conditions' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or within the x2 action level)] /=/ mukti (muk mu'i) *volitional entity, x1 is a | employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3 /:/ [also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end] /=/ zukte (zuk zu'e) &volume in liters, x2 of litce *volume, x1 is space/|/region/room [at-least-3-dimensional area] occupied by x2 /:/ [also occupy (= selca'u)] /=/ canlu (cal ca'u) *volume, x1 is x2 (default 1) local | unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ dekpu *volume, x1 is x2 liter(s) [metric unit] in | (default is 1) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ litce (lic) *voluntarily, x1 is free/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, |, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 | does x2] /=/ zifre (zif zi'e) &vomit [n], x2 of vamtu &vomit, x1 of vamtu *vomit, x1 |-s/regurgitates x2; x1 throws x2 up; [violent] digestive expulsion /:/ (x2 is non-gaseous) /=/ vamtu (vat) &vomited, x2 of vamtu *vomits, x1 |/regurgitates x2; x1 throws x2 up; [violent] digestive expulsion /:/ (x2 is non-gaseous) /=/ vamtu (vat) *vortex, x1 is a spiral/helix/whorl/[|] [shape/form] with limits x2, of dimensionality x3 /:/ /=/ sarlu *vs., x1 (person/team) wins/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4 /:/ [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, | the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; /=/ jinga (jig ji'a) %vulgar (ignoble), x1 is common/low/| in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ nalno'i %vulgar (very ignoble), x1 is common/low/| in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ tolno'i *vulgar, x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set) /:/ [also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, |; (x3 is complete set)] /=/ fadni (fad) %vulgar, x1 is a commoner/non-elite/low-born/untitled/| in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ nalnolpre %vulgar, x1 is a peon/peasant/low-born/| in/under culture/society/standard x2 /:/ [also lower-class; high/low, upper/low-er are poor Lojban metaphors] /=/ tolnolpre &vulva, x1 of vlagi &vulva, thing having | x2 of vlagi *vulva, x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2 /:/ /=/ vlagi (lag) &wages, x2 of jerna *wages, x2 of: x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] |/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity) /:/ [also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna *wagon, x1 is a cart/carriage/| [wheeled vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ carce &wait, x1 of denpa *wait, x1 a-|-s/|-s/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) /:/ [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4] /=/ denpa (dep de'a) &waited for, x2 of denpa &waiter, x1 of denpa &waiting state, x3 of denpa *waits, x1 awaits/|/pauses for/until x2 at state x3 before starting/continuing x4 (activity/process) /:/ [(x2 is an event, usually a point event); also: resuming x4] /=/ denpa (dep de'a) *waldo, x1 is a/the hand [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: manipulating tool, |] /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is manual] /=/ xance (xan xa'e) &walk, x1 of cadzu *walk, x1 |-s/strides/paces on surface x2 using limbs x3 /:/ /=/ cadzu (dzu) &walked on, x2 of cadzu &walker, x1 of cadzu &walking limb, x3 of cadzu *walks, x1 |/strides/paces on surface x2 using limbs x3 /:/ /=/ cadzu (dzu) *wall (containing an opening), x1 is a window/portal/opening [portal] in |/building/structure x2 /:/ /=/ canko (ca'o) &wall, x1 of bitmu @wall, see also "pass through" &wall, structure with | x4 of bitmu *wall, x1 is a |/fence separating x2 and x3 (unordered) of/in structure x4 /:/ /=/ bitmu (bim bi'u) *wall, x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/|/gap/interval/separating medium x3 /:/ [also aloof (= jiksei), alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space] /=/ sepli (sep sei) &walled off, another thing which is | x3 of bitmu &walled off, thing which is | x2 of bitmu *walls (part of the bounds of a room), x3 of: x1 is a room/chamber of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/|/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo'u) /:/ /=/ kumfa (kum ku'a) &wanted, x2 of djica *wants (hungers for), x1 hungers for x2; x1 needs/| food/fuel x2 /:/ /=/ xagji *wants (needs), x1 needs/requires/is dependent on/[|] necessity x2 for purpose/action/stage of process x3 /:/ [no implication of lack] /=/ nitcu (tcu) *wants (thirsts for), x1 thirsts for x2; x1 needs/| drink/fluid/lubrication x2 /:/ /=/ taske *wants rest, x1 is tired/fatigued by effort/situation x2 (event); x1 needs/| /:/ /=/ tatpi (ta'i) *wants, x1 desires/|/wishes x2 (event/state) for purpose x3 /:/ [if desire is for an object, this is sumti-raising; use tu'a in x2 (or use lujvo = po'edji)] /=/ djica (dji) &war, x1 of jamna &war, cause of | x3 of jamna &war, enemy in | x2 of jamna &war, opponent in | x2 of jamna *war, x1 (person/mass) wars against x2 over territory/matter x3; x1 is at | with x2 /:/ /=/ jamna (jam) &ward, x2 of kurji &ward, x2 of rirni *wards, x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event) /:/ [also secures (verb); x1 |/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)] /=/ bandu (bad) &wares, x2 of zarci *warm, x1 is hot/[|] by standard x2 /:/ [| (= mligla), feverish (= bi'agla)] /=/ glare (gla) &warn, x1 of kajde *warn, x1 (event/experience) |-s/cautions x2 (person) of/about danger x3 (event/state/property) /:/ [agentive warning (= jdegau, jdezu'e); an attempt to | which may not succeed (= jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)] /=/ kajde (jde) &warned of, danger | x3 of kajde &warned, x2 of kajde *warning, x1 (event/experience) warns/cautions x2 (person) of/about danger x3 (event/state/property) /:/ [agentive | (= jdegau, jdezu'e); an attempt to warn which may not succeed (= jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)] /=/ kajde (jde) *warns, x1 (event/experience) |/cautions x2 (person) of/about danger x3 (event/state/property) /:/ [agentive warning (= jdegau, jdezu'e); an attempt to warn which may not succeed (= jdetoi, jdegautoi, jdezuktoi)] /=/ kajde (jde) *warrior, x1 is a soldier/|/fighter of army x2 /:/ /=/ sonci (son soi) *wars, x1 (person/mass) | against x2 over territory/matter x3; x1 is at war with x2 /:/ /=/ jamna (jam) &wash, x1 of lumci *wash, x1 (agent) |-es/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4 /:/ [agentless |-ing/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)] /=/ lumci (lum lu'i) &washed, x2 of lumci *washes, x1 (agent) |/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4 /:/ [agentless washing/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)] /=/ lumci (lum lu'i) &washing material, x4 of lumci &washing, removed by | x3 of lumci *washing, x1 (agent) washes/cleanses x2 of soil/contaminant x3 in/with cleaning material(s) x4 /:/ [agentless |/cleansing (= cuvbi'o, jisybi'o)] /=/ lumci (lum lu'i) *wasp, x1 is a bee/|/hornet of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ bifce (bic) *waste (anus as metaphor for | exit), x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, | exit] /:/ [also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal] /=/ ganxo (gax) *waste (excessively or wastefully consume), x1 (event) uses up/depletes/consumes/[wastes] x2 [resource] /:/ [| (= fesxaksu, dusxaksu)] /=/ xaksu (xak) *waste (excretion), x2 of: x1 [body] excretes | x2 from source x3 via means/route x4 /:/ /=/ vikmi (vim vi'i) *waste (| products), x1(s) is/are | product(s) [left to |] by x2 (event/activity) /:/ [also shit, crap; agentive wasting (= fesygau, fesyzu'e)] /=/ festi (fes) &waste, x1 of festi &waste, leave | x2 of festi *wastes (uses up), x1 (event) uses up/depletes/consumes/[|] x2 [resource] /:/ [waste (= fesxaksu, dusxaksu)] /=/ xaksu (xak) *wasting, x1(s) is/are waste product(s) [left to waste] by x2 (event/activity) /:/ [also shit, crap; agentive | (= fesygau, fesyzu'e)] /=/ festi (fes) *watch (clock), x1 is clock/|/timer measuring time units x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism/method x4 /:/ [also timepiece] /=/ junla (jul) &watch drama, x4 of draci *watches (looks at), x1 looks at/examines/views/inspects/regards/|/gazes at x2 /:/ [also look through (= grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"] /=/ catlu (cta) *watches (observes), x1 observes/[notices]/|/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [beholds/|/gazes (= vi'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)] /=/ zgana (zga) *watchman, x1 observes/[notices]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4 /:/ [behold/watch/gaze (= vi'azga); guard/|/sentinel (= zgaku'i, jdeku'i)] /=/ zgana (zga) *water (aqueous), x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity/expanse of |; (adjective:) x1 is aqueous/[aquatic] /:/ [aquatic (= jaupli)] /=/ djacu (jac jau) *water (| containing shoal/reef), x3 of: x1 is a shoal [shallow hazard]/reef of material x2 in body of | x3 /:/ [rapids (= ri'erjmifa, ri'ercaxno)] /=/ jmifa &water, x1 of djacu *watershed (| of a river), x3 of: x1 is a river of landmass x2, draining | x3 into x4/terminating at x4 /:/ /=/ rirxe (ri'e) &watershed, x3 of rirxe *waterwheel, x1 is a sail for gathering propelling material x2 on vehicle/motor x3 /:/ [| (= jacfanxi'u)] /=/ falnu (fan) &wave form, x3 of boxna &wave frequency, x5 of boxna &wave medium, x2 of boxna &wave, x1 of boxna @wave, see also "quantum" *wave, x1 is a | [periodic pattern] in medium x2, |-form x3, |-length x4, frequency x5 /:/ /=/ boxna (bon bo'a) *wave-form, x1 is a wave [periodic pattern] in medium x2, | x3, wave-length x4, frequency x5 /:/ /=/ boxna (bon bo'a) &wavelength, x4 of boxna *wavelength, x1 is a wave [periodic pattern] in medium x2, wave-form x3, | x4, frequency x5 /:/ /=/ boxna (bon bo'a) *waves (radio |), x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio |] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4 /:/ /=/ cradi &wavy, x2 of boxna &wax source, x2 of lakse &wax, x1 of lakse *wax, x1 is quantity of | [substance especially soft/moldable when warm] from source x2 /:/ [also paraffin] /=/ lakse (lak) *way (gateway), x1 is a doorway/gateway/access | between x2 and x3 of structure x4 /:/ [note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi'u/vrozu'itci)] /=/ vorme (vor vro) *way (means of a process), x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3 /:/ [also practice/|/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo'a, or platadji, tadjypla)] /=/ tadji *way (route), x1 is a route/path/|/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set) /:/ [a route merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any |; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)] /=/ pluta (lut lu'a) *way (small street), x1 is a street/avenue/lane/drive/cul-de-sac/|/alley/[road] at x2 accessing x3 /:/ [also corridor; not typically a route between points, but offers access to sites along it] /=/ klaji (laj) *way (yield, surrender), x1 yields/gives |/surrenders to x2 (force/agent) under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ randa (rad) *way-of-looking-at, x1 is a favorable connotation/sense for/|/perspective on x2 used by x3 /:/ /=/ zabna (zan za'a) &weak point, x2 of ruble &weak, x1 of ruble *weak, x1 is |/feeble/frail in property/quality/aspect x2 (ka) by standard x3 /:/ /=/ ruble (rub ble) &weakness property, x2 of ruble &weakness standard, x3 of ruble *wealthy, x1 is rich/| in goods/possessions/property/aspect x2 /:/ /=/ ricfu (rif cfu) *weapon (arms), x1 is a |/arms for use against x2 by x3 /:/ [gun/cannon (= celxa'i)] /=/ xarci (xac xa'i) *weapon (bladed |), x2 of: x1 is a blade of tool/| x2 /:/ /=/ balre (ba'e) *weapon (claw/talon as metaphor), x1 is a/the claw/nail/talon [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed, penetrating, physical |] /:/ /=/ jgalu (ja'u) &weapon, x1 of xarci &weapon, attacked with | x2 of xarci &weapon, threatened by | x2 of xarci &weapon, use | x3 of xarci &wear, x1 of dasni &wear, x2 of taxfu *wear, x1 is dress/a garment/clothing for wearing by x2 (gender/species/body part) serving purpose x3 /:/ [also: x2 can |/is wearing x1; refers to something intended for use as a garment, not merely something that happens to be worn at some time (which need not be true for dasni)] /=/ taxfu (taf ta'u) *wear, x1 |-s/is robed/garbed in x2 as a garment of type x3 /:/ [x2 need not be intended for use as a garment (unlike taxfu)] /=/ dasni (das) *wearing (intended use for garments), x2 of: x1 is dress/a garment/clothing for | by x2 (gender/species/body part) serving purpose x3 /:/ [also: x2 can wear/is | x1; refers to something intended for use as a garment, not merely something that happens to be worn at some time (which need not be true for dasni)] /=/ taxfu (taf ta'u) &wears garment, x2 of taxfu &wears, x2 of jadni *wears, x1 |/is robed/garbed in x2 as a garment of type x3 /:/ [x2 need not be intended for use as a garment (unlike taxfu)] /=/ dasni (das) &weather location, x2 of tcima &weather, x1 of tcima *weather, x1 is | at place/region x2; (adjective:) x1 is meteorological /:/ [climate (= citsyti'a, timymo'a)] /=/ tcima (tim ti'a) &weave, x1 of jivbu *weaves, x1 | x2 from material/[yarn] x3 /:/ /=/ jivbu &weaving, yarn for | x3 of jivbu &wedge material, x2 of cfine &wedge, x1 of cfine *wedge, x1 is a | [shape/form/tool] of material x2 /:/ /=/ cfine *week (as part of date), x1 is the date [day,{|},{month},year] of event/state x2, at location x3, by calendar x4 /:/ (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi) /=/ detri (det) *week (duration), x1 is x2 weeks in duration (default is 1 |) by standard x3 /:/ [re. x3, a | may be more or less than seven days, classically being tied to the time between trips to the marketplace; this | (= cabjeftu); next | (= bavlamjeftu); last | (= prulamjeftu)] /=/ jeftu (jef) &week standard, x3 of jeftu &week, x1 of jeftu &weeks, duration in | x2 of jeftu &weeks, lasts in | x1 of jeftu &weeks, number of | x2 of jeftu *weeks, x1 is x2 | in duration (default is 1 week) by standard x3 /:/ [re. x3, a week may be more or less than seven days, classically being tied to the time between trips to the marketplace; this week (= cabjeftu); next week (= bavlamjeftu); last week (= prulamjeftu)] /=/ jeftu (jef) &weep, x1 of klaku *weep, x1 |-s/cries tears x2 about/for reason x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ klaku (kak) &weeping, reason for | x3 of klaku *weeps, x1 |/cries tears x2 about/for reason x3 (event/state) /:/ /=/ klaku (kak) &weighs, x1 of bunda *weight (atomic |), x3 of: x1 is an atom of element/atomic number x2 of isotope number/atomic | x3 /:/ /=/ ratni (rat) *weight (heavy in |), x1 is heavy/weighty in mass/| by standard x2 /:/ /=/ tilju (tij) *weight (light in |), x1 is light in mass/| by standard x2 /:/ /=/ linto (li'o) *weight (| in field), x1 is the | of object x2 in [gravitational or other force] field x3 /:/ /=/ junta *weight (| of a hammer), x3 of: x1 [tool] is a hammer for/hammers x2 [target] consisting of |/head x3 propelled by x4 /:/ /=/ mruli (mru) &weight in local units, x2 of bunda &weight, x1 of junta &weight, gravity causing | x3 of junta &weight, thing having | x2 of junta *weight, x1 is x2 (default 1) local | unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, subunits [e.g. ounces] x4 /:/ (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ bunda (bud) *weighty, x1 is heavy/| in mass/weight by standard x2 /:/ /=/ tilju (tij) *weird, x1 is strange/|/deviant/bizarre/odd to x2 in property x3 (ka) /:/ [also alien, mysterious, deviant, queer, unusual, exotic] /=/ cizra (ciz) &weirdness, x3 of cizra *welcomes, x1 (agent) greets/hails/[|/says hello to]/responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 (action) /:/ /=/ rinsa *well (healthy), x1 is healthy/fit/|/in good health by standard x2 /:/ /=/ kanro (ka'o) @well (shaft), consider metaphor "well-tube" (= jintytu'u) *well (spring), x1 is a |/spring of fluid x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ jinto @well (top of a well), consider metaphor "well-tube-cover" (= jintytu'ugai, jintygai), well-tube-end (= jintytu'ufa'o, jintyfa'o) &well location, x3 of jinto &well, x1 of jinto &well, fluid from | x2 of jinto @well, see also "good" *well-known (familiar), x1 is old/familiar/| to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4 /:/ [This can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of 'young' (= nalci'o, tolci'o), but the opposite of 'new' (= tolni'o); also ancient (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)] /=/ slabu (sau) *well-known (famous), x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2 (mass) /:/ [also celebrated/; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)] /=/ misno (mis mi'o) *well-organized (|, regimented), x1 is military/regimented/is |/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3 /:/ [also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/| as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)] /=/ bilni (bil) *Welsh, x1 reflects Gaelic/Scottish culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ [Irish (= sicko'o), Scottish (= sunko'o), Celtic (= dzeko'o), | (= nanko'o), Breton (= fasko'o); since Scottish/Gaelic is only the northern branch of the Celtic tribes, many would prefer a le'avla for Celtic; nationalism might also demand a separate le'avla for |] /=/ skoto (kot ko'o) &wept, tears | x2 of klaku &west, x1 of stici &west, x2 of stuna &west, frame for | x3 of stici &west, thing having to the | x2 of stici *west, x1 is to the |/western side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ stici (sic) *western, x1 is to the west/| side of x2 according to frame of reference x3 /:/ /=/ stici (sic) *wet, x1 is moist/|/damp with liquid x2 /:/ /=/ cilmo (cim) &wets, x2 of cilmo &wheat species, x2 of maxri &wheat, x1 of maxri *wheat, x1 is a quantity of | [grain] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ maxri (xri) &wheeel material, x3 of xislu &wheel properties, x3 of xislu &wheel, x1 of xislu *wheel, x1 is a | [tool] of device/vehicle x2, made of materials/having properties x3 /:/ /=/ xislu (xil xi'u) *wheeled (of a motor vehicle), x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a | motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ karce *wheeled (of a vehicle), x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [| vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3 /:/ /=/ carce &wheeled vehicle, x2 of xislu &which becomes, that | x1 of binxo &which co-occurs, thing | x2 of cabna &which doesn't detect vanished object, sensor | x3 ofcanci &which extreme, x3 of traji &while, take a | x2 of masno *whip, x1 |-s/lashes/snaps [a sudden violent motion] /:/ /=/ bikla (bik) &whips, thing that | x1 of bikla *whips, x1 |/lashes/snaps [a sudden violent motion] /:/ /=/ bikla (bik) &whistle [n], x2 of siclu &whistle [v], x1 of siclu *whistle, x1 [sound source] |-s/makes |-ing sound/note/tone/melody x2 /:/ /=/ siclu (sil) *whistles, x1 [sound source] |/makes whistling sound/note/tone/melody x2 /:/ /=/ siclu (sil) *whistling (| sound/note/tone/melody), x2 of: x1 [sound source] whistles/makes |/note/tone/melody x2 /:/ /=/ siclu (sil) &whistling sound, x2 of siclu *white lie, x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state) /:/ [agentive deception (= tcicygau, tcicyzu'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= maltcicyzu'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sevytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); lie/tell an untruth (= ticysku, jifsku), | (= zanticysku)] /=/ tcica (tic) &white thing, x1 of blabi *white, x1 is |/very-light colored [color adjective] /:/ [pale forms of other colors are a compound of |; e.g. pink (= labyxu'e, xunblabi) (whereas kandi is used for pale = dimness, lack of intensity)] /=/ blabi (lab) *who, x1 (set) has members | mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti]) /:/ [members of x1 do to each other/one another x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing to each other] /=/ simxu (sim si'u) *whole (complete), x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become | in property x2 by standard x3 /:/ [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely] /=/ mulno (mul mu'o) *whole (massed together components), x1 is a mass/team/aggregate/|, together composed of components x2, considered jointly /:/ [A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) displayed by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individual set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily relevant to the mass property implicit in this bridi] /=/ gunma (gum) *whole (| with parts/components), x1 is a part/component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a |/mass]; x2 is partly x1 /:/ [partly (= selpau)] /=/ pagbu (pag pau) *wholly, x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3 /:/ [also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, |, completely, entirely] /=/ mulno (mul mu'o) *whorl, x1 is a spiral/helix/|/[vortex] [shape/form] with limits x2, of dimensionality x3 /:/ /=/ sarlu *wicked, x1 is evil/depraved/| [morally bad] by standard x2 /:/ /=/ palci (pac) *wide (broad), x1 is broad/| in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3 /:/ /=/ ganra (gan) *wide (|-mouthed container), x1 is a bucket/pail/can/deep, solid, |-topped/|-mouthed container of contents x2, made of material x3 /:/ /=/ baktu &width, x2 of jarki @wild dog, see also "wolf" *wild dog, x1 is a fox [bushy-tailed | dog/canine] of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ lorxu (lor lo'u) &wild, x1 of cilce *wild, (adjective:) x1 is |/untamed /:/ [tame (= tolcilce)] /=/ cilce (cic) *will (| hopefully occur), x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens /:/ [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 | hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value | usually be expressed using inexact numbers (li "piso'u" to li "piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)] /=/ pacna (pa'a) &will, x4 of cerda @will, see also "future" *willful (of someone who is stubborn), x1 is stubborn/willfully opposing/resisting x2 about x3 (event/state) /:/ [x2 may be a person, a state or condition, or a force; the essence is | resistance] /=/ xarnu *willful, x1 is stubborn/|/resisting x2 about x3 (event/state) /:/ [x2 may be a person, a state or condition, or a force; the essence is willful resistance] /=/ xarnu *willfully opposing, x1 is stubborn/willful/|/resisting x2 about x3 (event/state) /:/ [x2 may be a person, a state or condition, or a force; the essence is willful resistance] /=/ xarnu *willingly, x1 is free/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 /:/ [also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) |, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2] /=/ zifre (zif zi'e) &win, x1 of jinga *win, x1 (person/team) |-s/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4 /:/ [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; /=/ jinga (jig ji'a) *wind (| instrument), x1 is a horn/trumpet/trombone/bugle [brass-|/lip-reed musical instrument] /:/ /=/ tabra &wind direction, x2 of brife &wind speed, x3 of brife *wind, x1 is a breeze/|/gale from direction x2 with speed x3; x1 blows from x2 /:/ /=/ brife (bif bi'e) &window, x1 of canko &window, thing having | x2 of canko *window, x1 is a |/portal/opening [portal] in wall/building/structure x2 /:/ /=/ canko (ca'o) &windowed, x2 of canko *windspeed, x3 of: x1 is a breeze/wind/gale from direction x2 with | x3; x1 blows from x2 /:/ /=/ brife (bif bi'e) &wine fruit, x2 of vanju &wine grapes, x2 of vanju &wine, x1 of vanju *wine, x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of | from fruit/grapes x2 /:/ /=/ vanju (van) &wing, x1 of nalci *wing, x1 is a/the | [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lateral supporting surface] /:/ /=/ nalci (na'i) &winged, x2 of nalci *wins, x1 (person/team) |/gains prize x2 from/over x3 [competitors/losers] in competition x4 /:/ [also: x1 is a victor; x2 reward; x3 competitors here are opponents and in many situations, defeated/losers, vs. the set of those competing for a goal; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erji'a, po'erselji'a for unambiguous semantics)]; /=/ jinga (jig ji'a) &winter location, x3 of dunra &winter, x1 of dunra *winter, x1 is |/wintertime [cold season] of year x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ dunra (dur) &winter, year of | x2 of dunra *wintertime, x1 is winter/| [cold season] of year x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ dunra (dur) *wipes, x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3 /:/ [also x2 scrubs/|/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)] /=/ mosra (mos) *wire, x1 is a thread/filament/| [shape/form] of material x2 /:/ /=/ cilta (cil) &wisdom, object of | x2 of prije *wise man, x1 is wise/sage/a | about matter x2 (abstraction) to observer x3 /:/ /=/ prije (pij) &wise, x1 of prije &wise, views as | x3 of prije *wise, x1 is |/sage about matter x2 (abstraction) to observer x3 /:/ /=/ prije (pij) &wish, x1 of pacna *wish, x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens /:/ [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or '|' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers (li "piso'u" to li "piro"); | (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)] /=/ pacna (pa'a) *wishes (desires), x1 desires/wants/| x2 (event/state) for purpose x3 /:/ [if desire is for an object, this is sumti-raising; use tu'a in x2 (or use lujvo = po'edji)] /=/ djica (dji) *wishes (hopes with low expectation), x1 hopes/| for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens /:/ [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers (li "piso'u" to li "piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)] /=/ pacna (pa'a) *wishing, x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens /:/ [also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means 'hope' or 'wish' or 'expect': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "|"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers (li "piso'u" to li "piro"); wish (= sotpa'a), hope (= sorpa'a), expect (= sojypa'a)] /=/ pacna (pa'a) &witch, x3 of makfa *witchcraft, x1 is magic/supernatural/sorcery/|/wizardry to x2, performed by person/force/deity x3 /:/ /=/ makfa (maf) &with sauce, x2 of sanso &with sky, x2 of tsani &with stairs, x2 of serti &with sudden change, x3 of suksa &with, x1 of kansa *with, x1 is |/accompanies/is a companion of x2, in state/condition/enterprise x3 (event/state) /:/ [x1 is together |/along | x2] /=/ kansa (kan) *within (activity | which control is maintained), x3 of: x1 has control over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance) /:/ [x2 are aspects/individuals controlled | activity/event x3; manage (= selzu'etro, selzukfu'e, gu'etro, gunfu'e, xaktro, xakfu'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe'e, gunja'a, gunmi'e, gunca'i)] /=/ jitro (tro) *within (concavity |), x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave | x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1 /:/ [also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke'a)] /=/ kevna (kev ke'a) *within (inside), x1 is in/inside/| x2; x1 is on the inside/interior of x2 [totally | the bounds of x2] /:/ [indicates total containment] /=/ nenri (ner ne'i) *within (lake | land mass), x1 is a lake/lagoon/pool at site/| land mass x2 /:/ /=/ lalxu (la'u) *within (locus | range), x2 of: x1 is local to x2; x1 is confined to locus x2 | range x3 /:/ [indicates a specific location/value | a range; e.g. a hits b. What is the locality on b that a hits?] /=/ diklo (klo) *within (of a category), x1 (mass/si'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset | x2 with defining property x3 (ka) /:/ [also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum] /=/ klesi (kle lei) *within (of contents), x2 of: x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 |; x1 is a vessel containing x2 /:/ [also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)] /=/ vasru (vas vau) *within (rule | system), x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) | system/community x3 /:/ [regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained | x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated] /=/ javni (jva) *within (stratum | structure), x1 is a layer/stratum [shape/form] of x2 [material] | structure/continuum/composite x3 /:/ /=/ senta (set) *within limits (restrain/constrain |), x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3 /:/ [restrain/constrain | (= jitri'u, jitygau, jityzu'e)] /=/ jimte (jit) &within the power of, x2 of vlipa *without (belief) | evidence), x1 believes [| object/external evidence] that belief/creed x2 (du'u) is true/assumed about subject x3 /:/ [also gives credence, has conviction] /=/ krici (kri) *without (| cover; bare, nude), x1 is bare/naked/nude; x1 is | cover/clothes/[protection] /:/ /=/ lunbe (lub) *without (| elements of poetry, of prose), x1 is prose about plot/theme/subject x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [non-poetic written text, | intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ prosa (ros ro'a) *without (| useful information, of noise), x1 is a noise/din/clamor [sensory input | useful information] to x2 via sensory channel x3 /:/ /=/ savru (sav vru) *without (|/lacking), x1 is |/lacking/free of/lacks x2; x1 is x2-less /:/ /=/ claxu (cau) *without flaw, x1 is perfect/ideal/archetypical/faultless/flawless/un-improvable, without defect/error/flaw, in property/aspect x2 (ka) /:/ /=/ prane (pa'e) *without material form (immaterial), x1 is immaterial/not physical/| /:/ /=/ mucti (mut) *without obstacle, x1 (object/medium) is clear/transparent/| to in-the-clear x2 [transmission] /:/ [also lucid; x2 remains apparent/lucid/clear (figurative use for 'understandable' is discouraged)] /=/ klina (kli) *without payment (of giving), x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [| payment/exchange] /:/ [also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn't distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erdu'a, po'erseldu'a for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ dunda (dud du'a) &without, x1 of claxu *withstands, x1 survives/endures/undergoes/abides/lasts/persists through x2 for interval/duration x3 /:/ [also lasts out, |; x1 persists/lasts for duration x3; (adjective:) x1 is tough/durable] /=/ renvi (rev re'i) &wizard, x3 of makfa *wizardry, x1 is magic/supernatural/sorcery/witchcraft/| to x2, performed by person/force/deity x3 /:/ /=/ makfa (maf) *wobbles, x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/|/vibrates from force x2 /:/ [also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion] /=/ desku (des) &wolf species, x2 of labno &wolf, x1 of labno *wolf, x1 is a |/lupine of species/breed x2 /:/ /=/ labno %woman's, x1 is a | shirt/blouse /=/ nimcreka &woman, x1 of ninmu *woman, x1 is a |/women; x1 is a female humanoid person [not necessarily adult] /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)] /=/ ninmu (nim ni'u) &womb, x1 of gutra &womb, thing having | x2 of gutra *womb, x1 is a/the |/uterus [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: nourishing, protective, giving birth] /:/ /=/ gutra *women, x1 is a woman/|; x1 is a female humanoid person [not necessarily adult] /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)] /=/ ninmu (nim ni'u) &won, competition | x4 of jinga &wonder, x1 of manci &wonder, object of | x2 of manci *wonder, x1 feels |/awe/marvels about x2 /:/ /=/ manci (mac) *wonders (is curious), x1 is curious/| about/is interested in/[inquisitive about] x2 (object/abstract) /:/ [inquisitive (= retkucli)] /=/ kucli &wondrous, x2 of manci &wood species, x2 of mudri &wood, x1 of mudri *wood, x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains |/lumber from tree(s) of type/species x2 /:/ /=/ mudri (mud) *woods, x1 is a field [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad uniform expanse of x2 /:/ [also | (= ricfoi), lawn/meadow (= sasfoi), brush (= spafoi, cicyspafoi)] /=/ foldi (flo foi) &wool, x1 of sunla *wool, x1 is a quantity of/made from/consists of | [tight curly hair] from animal/species/source x2 /:/ /=/ sunla (sul) &woolly animal, x2 of sunla *word (article/descriptor |), x1 is an article/descriptor labelling description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantics x4 /:/ [x2 is the noun phrase/sumti without the article/descriptor; description ((x1 with x2) = gadysu'i); note: 'determiner' has become the accepted general linguistics term, displacing 'article'; however, 'determiner' includes all words that can introduce a noun phrase/sumti, whether a description or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (especially in indefinites) like ci and su'o, and demonstratives like ti, ta, and tu; the term 'descriptor' in Lojban, is limited to words that introduce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma'o LA and LE, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; 'article' typically refers only to a single |; Lojban assumes the broader meaning] /=/ gadri (gad) *word (compound predicate), x1 (text) is a compound predicate | with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4 /:/ /=/ lujvo (luv jvo) *word (Lojban root word), x1 is a (Lojban) root | expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es) x4 /:/ [gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gi'uste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)] /=/ gismu (gim gi'u) *word (structure word), x1 is a structure | of grammatical class x2, with meaning/function x3 in language x4 /:/ [cmavo list, if physical object (= (loi) ma'oste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new cmavo to the cmavo list = ma'orpoi, ma'orselcmi,ma'orselste)] /=/ cmavo (ma'o) *word (used as punctuation), x1 (agent) punctuates x2 (expression) with symbol/| x3 with syntactic/semantic effect x4 /:/ /=/ pandi (pad) *word (| having affix/comining form), x1 is an affix/suffix/prefix/combining-form for |/concept x2, form/properties x3, language x4 /:/ /=/ rafsi (raf) &word affix, root | x4 of gismu &word arguments, root | x3 of gismu &word class, structure | x2 of cmavo &word language, x3 of valsi &word meaning, x2 of valsi &word meaning, structure | x3 of cmavo &word relation, root | x2 of gismu &word, x1 of valsi &word, root | x1 of gismu &word, structure language | x4 of cmavo &word, structure | x1 of cmavo *word, x1 is a | meaning/causing x2 in language x3; (adjective: x1 is lexical/verbal) /:/ /=/ valsi (val vla) *work (authored content of a book), x1 is a book containing | x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5 /:/ [x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a |/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)] /:/ /=/ cukta (cku) *work (avoided |), x2 of: x1 (person) is lazy/avoiding |/effort concerning action x2 /:/ /=/ lazni *work (deserving payment), x3 of: x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for |/service x3 (activity) /:/ [also x2 reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erjerna, po'erseljerna for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ jerna %work (labor - event), x1 is an event of x2 [person] laboring/working on/at x3 [|] with goal/objective x4 /:/ [also: x2 is a worker/laborer] /=/ nungu'a %work (labor - event), x1 is |, an event of x2 [person] laboring/working on/at x3 [activity] with goal/objective x4 /:/ [also: x2 is a worker/laborer] /=/ nungu'a *work (labor - noun), x2 of: x1 [person] labors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3 /:/ [also: x1 is a worker/laborer]; (cf. zukte - which need not be labor; physics term 'work' = ni muvyselbai) /=/ gunka (gun gu'a) *work (labor - verb), x1 [person] labors/|-s on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3 /:/ [also: x1 is a worker/laborer]; (cf. zukte - which need not be labor; physics term 'work' = ni muvyselbai) /=/ gunka (gun gu'a) *work (physics term), x1 [person] labors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3 /:/ [also: x1 is a worker/laborer]; (cf. zukte - which need not be labor; physics term '|' = ni muvyselbai) /=/ gunka (gun gu'a) *work (place of work), x1 is the office/bureau/| of worker x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ briju (bij) &work [n], x2 of gunka &work [v], x1 of gunka &work goal, x3 of gunka *work | of fiction), x1 is a | of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3 /:/ [also story, lie, untrue] /=/ cfika (fik fi'a) &work, paid | x3 of jerna *work, x1 [person] labors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3 /:/ [also: x1 is a worker/laborer]; (cf. zukte - which need not be labor; physics term 'work' = ni muvyselbai) /=/ gunka (gun gu'a) %worker (labor - event), x1 is an event of x2 [person] laboring/working on/at x3 [activity] with goal/objective x4 /:/ [also: x2 is a |/laborer] /=/ nungu'a &worker, x1 of gunka &worker, office | x2 of briju *worker, x1 [person] labors/works on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3 /:/ [also: x1 is a |/laborer] /=/ gunka (gun gu'a) *worker, x1 is an office/bureau/work-place of | x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ briju (bij) %working (labor - event), x1 is an event of x2 [person] laboring/| on/at x3 [activity] with goal/objective x4 /:/ [also: x2 is a worker/laborer] /=/ nungu'a *working (| for someone), x1 is a job/occupation/employment/vocation (a type of work regularly done for pay) of person x2 /:/ [| for another (= selplijibri)] /=/ jibri (jib) %workman (labor - event), x1 is an event of x2 [person] laboring/working on/at x3 [activity] with goal/objective x4 /:/ [also: x2 is a worker/|] /=/ nungu'a *workman (labor - verb), x1 [person] labors/|-s on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3 /:/ [also: x1 is a worker/|]; (cf. zukte - which need not be labor; physics term 'work' = ni muvyselbai) /=/ gunka (gun gu'a) *workplace, x1 is an office/bureau/| of worker x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ briju (bij) *works, x1 [person] labors/| on/at x2 [activity] with goal/objective x3 /:/ [also: x1 is a worker/laborer] /=/ gunka (gun gu'a) *world, x1 is a universe/cosmos [complete and ordered entirety] of domain/sphere x2 defined by rules x3 /:/ [also |; a universe is a kind of system, one which comprehensively encompasses its domain; e.g. 'universe of discourse', or '| of birds'; x3 are the rules/defining principles which distinguish the universe from other universes, or from non-universe] /=/ munje (muj mu'e) &worm species, x2 of curnu &worm, x1 of curnu *worm, x1 is a |/invertebrate animal of species/breed x2 /:/ [also mollusk, snail (= cakcurnu), shellfish (= xaskemcakcurnu, xaskemcakydja); the generalization to invertebrate is because almost all multicellular invertebrates are indeed wormlike] /=/ curnu (cur) *wormlike, x1 is a worm/invertebrate animal of species/breed x2 /:/ [also mollusk, snail (= cakcurnu), shellfish (= xaskemcakcurnu, xaskemcakydja); the generalization to invertebrate is because almost all multicellular invertebrates are indeed |] /=/ curnu (cur) &worn as, x3 of dasni &worn, x2 of dasni *worn, x1 is dress/a garment/clothing for wearing by x2 (gender/species/body part) serving purpose x3 /:/ [also: x2 can wear/is wearing x1; refers to something intended for use as a garment, not merely something that happens to be | at some time (which need not be true for dasni)] /=/ taxfu (taf ta'u) &worth in cents, x2 of fepni &worth in dollars, x2 of rupnu *worth, x1 (ni) is the equivalent value/| of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use/appreciation x4 /:/ [also: x2 is | x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is worthy (= selva'i for reordered places); merit reward (= nemselva'i); receive merited reward (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erva'i, po'erselva'i for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vamji (vam va'i) *worthy (has worth), x2 of: x1 (ni) is the equivalent value/worth of x2 [item(s) of value] to x3 for use/appreciation x4 /:/ [also: x2 is worth x1 to x3; (for x2 person:) x2 merits (one sense), (adjective:) x2 is | (= selva'i for reordered places); merit reward (= nemselva'i); receive merited reward (= vamselne'u); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po'erva'i, po'erselva'i for unambiguous semantics)] /=/ vamji (vam va'i) *woven (of a basket), x1 is a basket with contents x2, | from material x3 /:/ /=/ lanka *woven (of starnds in a rope/cable), x2 of: x1 is cord/cable/rope/line/twine/cordage/| strands of material x2 /:/ /=/ skori (sko) &woven, x2 of jivbu &wrapping, bundle | x3 of bakfu *wrecks, x1 (event) destroys/ruins/|/despoils x2; x1 is destructive /:/ /=/ daspo (spo) &wrinkle, x1 of cinje *wrinkle, x1 is a |/crease/fold [shape/form] in x2 /:/ /=/ cinje (cij) &wrinkled, x2 of cinje *wrist, x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength] /:/ [also elbow (= bircidni), | (= xanterjo'e), appendage (but jimca, rebla preferred)] /=/ birka (bir) &write book, x3 of cukta &write fiction, x3 of cfika &write prose, x3 of prosa &write, x1 of ciska *write, x1 inscribes/|-s x2 on display/storage medium x3 with |-ing implement x4; x1 is a scribe /:/ [also x3 |-ing surface] /=/ ciska (ci'a) &writer, x1 of ciska *writes (inscribes), x1 inscribes/| x2 on display/storage medium x3 with writing implement x4; x1 is a scribe /:/ [also x3 writing surface] /=/ ciska (ci'a) @writes, see also "author", "invent" *writing brush, x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3 /:/ [also |; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)] /=/ pinsi (pis) *writing device (| using ink), x3 of: x1 is a quantity of ink of color/pigment x2 used by | x3 /:/ /=/ xinmo (xim) &writing implement, x4 of ciska *writing implement, x4 of: x1 inscribes/writes x2 on display/storage medium x3 with | x4; x1 is a scribe /:/ [also x3 | surface] /=/ ciska (ci'a) &written on, x3 of ciska *written text, x1 is prose about plot/theme/subject x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4 /:/ [non-poetic | text, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject] /=/ prosa (ros ro'a) &written, x2 of ciska *wrong (action warranting retaliation), x3 of: x1 takes revenge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for | x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu) /:/ [also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful] /=/ venfu (vef) *wrought (emotionally |), x1 is anguished/distressed/emotionally |/stressed by x2 /:/ /=/ dunku (duk du'u) *Wu, x1 reflects Chinese [Mandarin, Cantonese, |, etc.] culture/nationality/language in aspect x2 /:/ /=/ jungo (jug) *xenon, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of inert gas of type x2 [neon/argon/radon/|] /:/ [default neon] /=/ navni *yam, x1 is a quantity of cassava/taro/manioc/tapioca/| [edible starchy root] of species/strain x2 /:/ /=/ samcu *yard, x1 is x2 (default 1) short local distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits /:/ [foot (= jmagutci); | (= cibjamgutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...) /=/ gutci (guc) *yarn (story), x1 is a story/tale/|/narrative about plot/subject/moral x2 by storyteller x3 to audience x4 /:/ [also legend; a narrative need not be fictional; x2 may be merely a convention rather than a subject; also x3 tells/recounts story/tale x1 about x2 to x4 (= selterlisri for place reordering); note that the storyteller need not be the author] /=/ lisri (lis) *yarn (used in knitting), x3 of: x1 (agent) knits x2 [cloth/object] from |/thread x3 /:/ /=/ nivji (niv) *yarn (used in weaving), x3 of: x1 weaves x2 from material/[|] x3 /:/ /=/ jivbu &yarn for weaving, x3 of jivbu &yarn, knitting | x3 of nivji *year (associated with autumn), x2 of: x1 is autumn/fall [harvest/cooling season] of | x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ critu *year (associated with particular season/anniversary), x3 of: x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of |(s) x3 /:/ [also anniversary (= citsydei, na'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every | or every nth | as indicated by x3 (default every |); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of |] /=/ citsi *year (associated with spring), x2 of: x1 is spring/springtime [warming season] of | x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is vernal /:/ /=/ vensa (ves) *year (associated with summer), x2 of: x1 is summer/summertime [hot season] of | x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ crisa (cis) *year (associated with winter), x2 of: x1 is winter/wintertime [cold season] of | x2 at location x3 /:/ /=/ dunra (dur) *year (duration), x1 is x2 years in duration (default is 1 |) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual /:/ [this | (= cabna'a); next | (= bavlamna'a); last | (= prulamna'a)] /=/ nanca (na'a) *year (part of date), x1 is the date [day,{week},{month},|] of event/state x2, at location x3, by calendar x4 /:/ (time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi'e or are unit values massified with joi) /=/ detri (det) &year of autumn, x2 of critu &year of season, x3 of citsi &year of spring, x2 of vensa &year of summer, x2 of crisa &year of winter, x2 of dunra &year standard, x3 of nanca *years in duration, x1 is x2 | (default is 1 year) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is annual /:/ [this year (= cabna'a); next year (= bavlamna'a); last year (= prulamna'a)] /=/ nanca (na'a) &years, duration in | x2 of nanca &years, lasts in | x1 of nanca &years, number of | x2 of nanca &yell, x2 of krixa &yellow, x1 of pelxu *yellow, x1 is |/golden [color adjective] /:/ /=/ pelxu (pel) *yells, x1 cries out/|/howls sound x2; x1 is a crier /:/ /=/ krixa (kix ki'a) *yen, x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3 /:/ [also pound, rupee, franc, mark, |; x1 is generally a price/cost/value] /=/ rupnu (rup ru'u) *yesterday evening, x1 is an evening [from end-of-work until sleep typical for locale] of day x2 at location x3 /:/ [this evening (= cabvanci); tomorrow evening (= bavlamvanci); | (= prulamvanci)] /=/ vanci (vac) *yesterday morning, x1 is a morning [dawn until after typical start-of-work for locale] of day x2 at location x3 /:/ [this morning (= cabdeicerni); tomorrow morning (= bavlamcerni); | (= prulamcerni, prulamdeicerni)] /=/ cerni (cer) *yesterday, x1 is x2 full days in duration (default is 1 day) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal /:/ [today (= cabdei); tomorrow (= bavlamdei); | (= prulamdei)] /=/ djedi (dje dei) &yield conditions, x3 of randa &yield, x1 of randa *yield, x1 |-s/gives way/surrenders to x2 (force/agent) under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ randa (rad) &yielded to, x2 of randa *yielding (soft/malleable), x1 is soft/malleable/moldable/| to force x2 in conditions x3 /:/ /=/ ranti (ran) *yields, x1 |/gives way/surrenders to x2 (force/agent) under conditions x3 /:/ /=/ randa (rad) *young (youthful), x1 is |/youthful [relatively short in elapsed duration] by standard x2 /:/ [also age (= nilnalci'o); (adjective:) x1 is junior] /=/ citno (cit ci'o) *young (| female person), x1 is a girl [| female person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)] /=/ nixli (nix xli) *young (| male person), x1 is a boy/lad [| male person] of age x2 immature by standard x3 /:/ [word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)] /=/ nanla *young (| person), x1 is a child/kid/juvenile [a | person] of age x2, immature by standard x3 /:/ [not necessarily human] /=/ verba (ver ve'a) &young thing, x1 of citno &young, bear | x2 of jbena &youth standard, x2 of citno *youthful, x1 is young/| [relatively short in elapsed duration] by standard x2 /:/ [also age (= nilnalci'o); (adjective:) x1 is junior] /=/ citno (cit ci'o) *zero point (reference for highness), x3 of: x1 is high/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 /:/ [also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance above a | point/baseline, or is that baseline itself] /=/ galtu (gal ga'u) *zero point (reference for lowness), x3 of: x1 is low/down/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3 /:/ [also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance above a | point/baseline, or is that baseline itself] /=/ dizlo (diz dzi) &zinc, x1 of zinki *zinc, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of brass [copper/| alloy] of composition including x2 /:/ [(adjective:) x1 is brazen)] /=/ lastu *zinc, x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of | (Zn); [metaphor: hard metal] /:/ /=/ zinki (zin zi'i) *zygote, x1 is an embryo/|/fetus/fertilized egg with mother x2, and father x3 /:/ /=/ tarbi