Correspondence between Lojban gismu and TLI/historical Loglan words Copyright 1993, The Logical Language Group, Inc. (LLG) 2904 Beau Lane, Fairfax VA 22031-1303 703-385-0273 lojbab@access.digex.net Chronological Bibliography: Loglan 4/5 Loglan/English English/Loglan Dictionary, by James Cooke Brown, The Loglan Institute, Inc. (TLI), 2nd edit. (1975) The Loglanist (TL) Volume 6, Number 1 (6/1), Special Issue on Morphology, TLI, 1983 Complex-Making Algorithm, By James Cooke Brown and Bob LeChevalier, 1986, published by Bob LeChevalier for the Washington DC Loglan Special Interest Group (SIG) (predecessor to LLG), in "me la uashintyn loglytuan", #1, 1986 Raw Loglan Dictionary computer files, (1974-5), no copyright marking, working version updated by Bob LeChevalier in 1985-6 to reflect known changes to TLI published and working version word lists. Bob LeChevalier's private notes and conversations with James Cooke Brown and other Loglanists. Notebook 3, by James Cooke Brown, TLI, (1987) Loglan 1, by James Cooke Brown, TLI, 4th edit. (1989) Appendix B from Loglan 1: A Logical Language, by James Cooke Brown, TLI, updated through Lognet 91/2 Baselined Lojban gismu List, The Logical Language Group, Inc., latest working revision (1993). Discussion via electronic mail on Lojban-List, lojban@cuvmb.cc.columbia.edu, and private mail resulting from same between others and Bob LeChevalier. The following data file is tab compressed using tab columns 9, 21, 40, 61, 81, and 150, and is sorted in Lojban gismu order. Other sort orders are possible after expanding the tabs appropriately. Fields are explained as follows: (1) The Lojban gismu, if any. If there are multiple historical TLI Loglan equivalents, a sequence number is added afterwards to aid sorting. A dash indicates that no Lojban gismu matches the concept expressed in the TLI Loglan word, though there is always at least one lujvo or fu'ivla equivalent given in (6) in such cases. (2) An equivalent word from Loglan 4/5 dictionaries, as published in 1974-5. Where possible, a primitive (gismu) was used as equivalent, even if the place structures did not map accurately. Effort was made to seek matches in the concept as expressed in English translation, since exact concept match at the place structure level is rare. See (6). A number may follow indicating a multiple entry in this column for that word. Hyphens indicate that no word or combination of words could be identified that matched the Lojban concept. (3) If (2) is a complex (lujvo), this is a pseudo-expansion to an "unreduced" form, as if L4/5 compounds were so expandible. There is some possible ambiguity in that some primitives (gismu) differed only in the final vowel. The purpose of this column is to show the original metaphor in a minimum of space, for those who do not have TLI word lists from the post-GMR (1983) timeframe. (4) An equivalent word from the 1989 4th edition of Loglan 1, or occasionally from an updated list posted on the now-defunct Planned Language Server by TLI Academy member Steve Rice incorporating some additional changes published up until 1991. If there was clear traceability to a 1974-5 word, this entry is shown on the same line as that word; otherwise there will be multiple lines for a single Lojban gismu (See (1)). Where possible, a primitive (gismu) was used as equivalent, even if the place structures did not map accurately. Effort was made to seek matches in the concept as expressed in English translation, since exact concept match at the place structure level is rare. See (6). A number may follow indicating a multiple entry in this column for that word. An asterisk preceding the word indicates that there was a word change between 1974-5 and 1989. This understates the total change since there are unmarked place structure changes that at times indicate major meaning changes. If a complex (lujvo) is given, and attempt was made to create the "highest scoring" lujvo according to the last known TLI complex-making rules. This may differ from the wordform that might appear in a TLI dictionary. (5) The unreduced form equivalent for each complex (lujvo) in (4). (6) When there was a mismatch between the Lojban word and the corresponding TLI entry, an attempt was made to create a lujvo, or perhaps a fu'ivla, that captured the concept of the TLI word as expressed in L4/L5 (on in Loglan 1 4th edition if not in L4/L5). These "equivalent words" fall into a few major classes: a. If the TLI word is expressed as a comparative, there will be a rafsi suffix -mau or -zma indicating this. There may or may not be other differences in concept besides the comparative expressed in the entry for (6). b. If more than one TLI word is listed as an equivalent to the Lojban gismu, and especially when the TLI words indicate subsets of the Lojban semantic space, these words will try to clearly convey the nature of that restriction of the full Lojban meaning. c. If there was a clear rearrangement of place structure as the only obvious difference in meaning, a conversion lujvo indicating the place switch is given. This will also be noted in (7). Such explanatory lujvo are probably not really useful in conversion between the various Loglan/Lojban dialects, since place structure rearrangements are probably easier made explicitly. d. Lojban words that more accurately express the English equivalent of the TLI Loglan concept as presented in L4/L5 than the Lojban gismu. This is not an exhaustive set of possibilities, and no particular effort was made to devise lujvo to cover all differences between TLI words and Lojban words. In some cases, this is impossible because the TLI word is so vaguely defined or polysemous (multiple meanings) as to make it unclear how to match the words. In other cases it is because the TLI word is missing places that seem metaphysically necessary to the Lojban equivelent concept, and there is no obvious and useful concept omitting those added places - i.e. the TLI place structure is flawed to the point of not being worth matching exactly. (7) Notes on the meaning of the TLI entries, the evolutionary history of the words, and in the case of words expressed as TLI Loglan complexes (lujvo) in (2) and (4), the English translation of the metaphorical expansion, so that those without TLI wordlists can see what metaphorical basis was used. Similar information is not provided for the Lojban equivalent lujvo in (6) for space reasons, but also recognizing that this table is designed to appear in an appendix of the Lojban dictionary/reference, which will either list all such lujvo as entries (including place structures) or will at least provide the data and rules needed for a dictionary user to interpret them at the metaphorical-expansion level. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 1975 L4/5 1975 expansion 1989 Loglan 1 1989expansion better Lojban meaning notes ----- ----- ----- karcyvelyle'i (taksi; added post 1989: taxi) ----- ----- ----- ranmrdrakone, rambalrespa, rambalsince, ramfagrespa (dralu; prim: dragon; added post-1989) ----- ----- *bordo vanjrbordo (borrowing: Bordeaux wine) ----- ----- *brihe cirlrbri (borrowing: brie cheese) ----- ----- *bucto spagunma, dzitricu, dziricfoi, cmaspa, cmaspafoi, cmaricfoi (prim: bush, brush) ----- ----- *cabli vanjrcabli (borrowing: Chablis wine) ----- ----- *catra mabrlutra, mabrmustelidalutra (prim: otter) ----- ----- *cimpe smanrpana, remsmismani, smanrkimpanze, smanrcimpanze, smanrpantroglodite (borrowing: chimp) ----- ----- *dalra meryru'u (prim: dollar) ----- ----- *farsa/i/o kulnrfarsi, bangrfarsi, prenrfarsi (borrowing: Iranian) ----- ----- *glopa pipybajra, pipyvelbajra, pipybajykla, sutxirkla, sutxirvelbajra (prim: gallop) ----- ----- *gorla smanrgorila, tsasmani (borrowing: gorilla) ----- ----- *gumbo stagrxokra, spatrxokra, stagrgumbo, spatrgumbo, spatrmalvaskulentu (borrowing: okra) ----- ----- *lansa ga'arxa'i, xirga'a, xirga'axa'i, xirvi'uga'axa'i (prim: lance) ----- ----- *larka cipnrxalaudide (prim: lark) ----- ----- *manga grutrmango, grutrmanka, tricrmangifera (borrowing: mango) ----- ----- *mirdo dekyki'o (prim: myriad = 10000 non-metric prefix) ----- ----- *negvo claxu, mabla, selna'e, kamna'e, dukti, nonme'a, ni'umei namcu??? (vague keyword; prim: negative) ----- ----- *norga/i/o kulnrnorge, bangrnorge, prenrnorge (borrowing: Norwegian) ----- ----- *nukle velnarge, ratmidju (per L1 prim list: nucleus; also listed as borrowing nukli in text of L1)) ----- ----- *panhi smanrpana, remsmismani, smanrkimpanze, smanrcimpanze, smanrpantroglodite (borrowing: chimpanzee) ----- ----- *parka kostrparka, durkosta, berdurkosta (borrowing: parka) ----- ----- *patmi grupesxu, tamgrupesxu (prim: dough/pasta) ----- ----- *perla jmeboi, boijme, selcakyjme (prim: pearl) ----- ----- *polka/i/o kulnrpolska, bangrpolska, prenrpolska (borrowing: Polish) ----- ----- *porto potyvanju, vanjrporto (borrowing: port wine) ----- ----- *pozvo vague keyword: kansa, zabna, selxu'a, zasti, nonmau, ma'umei namcu (prim: positive) ----- ----- *sakhi ponvanju, risyvanju, vanjrsake, vanjrni'oncu (borrowing: saki wine) ----- ----- *satni bukprzaituni, xultegbu'u, bukprsatine (prim: satin) ----- ----- *suske zugykri, fu'ekri, zugji'i, fuzyji'i (prim: suspect) ----- ----- *svera/i/o kulnrzverige, bangrzverige, prenrzverige, --zveri,e (borrowing: Swedish; the words violate the list of permissible initials) ----- ----- *troti mijyxirbajra, xirdutybajykla, snobajykla (prim: trot) ----- ----- *volta gradrvolta, dicyda'erau (prim: volt) ----- bifte bifte baktsupa'o, bakrecpa'o, bakni tsurecpa'o, paltylaire'u (prim: beefsteak) ----- bilra bilra jbuboikei (prim: play billiards) ----- borku borku ga'ardance'a, bagyce'a, bagyxa'i, kroce'a (prim: bow for arrows) ----- briku briku kitybli, jarkitybli, takybli, taktapla (prim: brick) ----- broci *bruci pijnyja'i, jadypijne (prim: brooch) ----- butpa butpa bracutci, tupcutci (prim: boot) ----- fizdi fizdi nalmenli, tolxanri, tolmenli, tolmucti, nalmucti (prim: physical) ----- frani *fraki fasru'u (prim: franc) ----- fulro *fluro xukrflu'orine, li'orkliru, xukmrflori (prim: fluorine) ----- futbo futbo kelcrfutbo, boltipyjvi (prim: football = soccer?) ----- grato grato titnanba, nabysmi (prim: cake) ----- kabre kabre sagbarja, zgibarja, tigygusta (prim: nightclub/cabaret) ----- karto *----- tinsyple, pletinsa, jarple (prim: cardboard; deleted during GMR) ----- konva *----- tsabu'u, marnybu'u (prim: canvas; apparently deleted after 1983) ----- londa *----- pelkremau, krekadmau, kapkadmau, krelabmau (prim: blond; apparently deleted after 1983) ----- marki *makri dotru'u or tcoru'u (marci in 1983; prim: deutschmark) ----- marme *----- rutpesxu, rutpilpesxu, rutyjdu (prim: marmalade; apparently deleted after 1983) ----- mukri *sekre vricyvipsi, bijvricyvipsi, ci'arse'u, veirse'u, ci'arseljibri, sivdju, sivyvipsi (prim: secretary) ----- pandi pandi ritru'u (prim: pound (sterling) ----- pesro pesro xipru'u (prim: peso = 'Latin American currency'; uselessly vague) ----- pesta pesta sanru'u (prim: peseta) ----- pulso pulso selxlu, sezbai, zu'edji (prim: impulse) ----- rindi *rinda/i/o kulnrmerinda, prenrmerinda, bangrmerinda, bemjoitco pamoi xabju (prim: Amerind) ----- rorpe1 ro pernu *piplo selgu'e (prim: people) ----- rorpe2 ro pernu *rorpeu ro pernu selgu'e (all-persons) ----- rorpe3 ro pernu *nurgui nu gunti selgu'e (be_countried) ----- rubli rubli rukru'u (prim: ruble) ----- rulpi rulpi xinru'u (prim: rupee) ----- setci2 setci2 selcmi (prim: set) ----- skafe *ckafe kafybarja (prim: cafe, coffeehouse) ----- talna *talna/i/o kulnrtalia, prenrtalia, bangrtalia (prim: Italian) ----- tatro tatro tigystu, dracystu, dracydi'u, kindi'u, sindi'u, tigdi'u (prim: theater) ----- tenta tenta bu'udru, bu'uzda, bukmra, kapydru, kapyzda, kapmra, zasyzda, zasmra, gikyzda, gikydru, gikmra, beimra, beidru, bukydi'u, kapydi'u; (prim: tent) ----- virta virta gubnoi, gubyfriti, gubgau, gubzu'e, vensku, venfriti, venynoi, venynoi, skinoi; (prim: advertise) bacru voldu voksydurzo *voidru voksydurzo (voice-do) badna banla *banhane (1989 TLI Loglan became a borrowing) badri kecri kecri bajra prano prano bajykla bakfu badlo badlo bakni kasni kasni bakri tokri tokri baktu bakto bakto balji blabo *bulbi balni balko balko balre blada blada balvi futci futci bancu nurbi nu bitsa *nurbia nu(r)bitsa selbi'i (be_betweened; i.e. surrounding?) bandu1 curma tcuramadzo *curmao tcuramadzo (secure-make) bandu2 curmatka tcurymadzykamda *curmaokamda curmymadzykamda (secure-make-combat) banfi ----- ----- bangu lengu lengu banli grada grada banro rodja rodja banxa banko banko banzu tsufi tsufi bapli fosli fosli barda groda groda bramau bargu farka farka barja barju *barcu barna marka marka bartu zvoto zvoto basna pucladma purdycladymadzo *purclamao purdycladymadzo (word-loud-make) basti nosplizo norsyplizo *noipli notbyplizo (other-use) batci ditka ditka batke botni botni bavmi ----- ----- baxso ----- ----- bebna bunbo bunbo bemro ----- ----- bende bendu bendu zgitigbe'e, zgibe'e bengo ----- ----- benji1 sundi sundi benji2 norsitsu norsysitfysundi *notsitsui notbysitfysundi (other-place send = transfer) bersa sonta *sunho berti norla *nordi bermau besna berna berna betfu beldu beldu betri porve potryvetci *huirvei hutryvetci (destroy-event limited to disaster, destructive event) bevri berti berti bidju cmaro cmalytroku *cmatro cmalytroku (small-rock) bifce bifci bifci bikla blice *bitce (old Loglan is the noun 'whip'; a lujvo gives the transitive 'x whips y'; Lojban defines bikla as the intransitive verb 'x whips' bilga1 nurfogru nu forlygruni *nurfolrui nu forlyrulni (be-strongly-ruled; to be obligated by a rule; 'duty' is listed as the x2 of this word) bilga2 forgruto forlygrunytogri *folrultoi forlyrulnytogri (strong-rule-agree; the emotion: to feel obligated) bilma1 malbi malbi (old Loglan has x1 as a disease, not as a person ill) bilma2 malve malbyveslo *malveo malbyveslo (disease-contain) bilma3 nudje nu djela *nurdje nu djela (converse of comparative healthy x1 is less healthy than x2, hence ill) bilni bilca bilca bindo ----- ----- binra curdi curdi binxo cenja cenja (limited to 'natural change'; else use cenma; see Lojban galfi) birje birju *birju (birsu in 1983, later changed back) birka barma barma birti sirna sirna bisli bisli bisli bitmu tcali tcali (a wall around x2, not between) blabi blabi blabi labmau blaci gliso gliso blanu blanu blanu blamau bliku ----- *bloku (added post-GMR) bloti botcu *botsu bolci balma balma bongu bongu bongu botpi1 batpi batpi gacri2 kuvga2 kuvga2 velbo'i boxfo ----- ----- (only defined in L4 for bed sheet, and piece of paper) boxna valpu valpu bradi nemdi nemdi bratu ----- ----- brazo ----- ----- bredi bredi bredi bridi katpu katlypurdi *katpua katlypurdi (quality-word etymology suggests brivla (predicate word), but the definition seems to match bridi) brife brize brize briju fusto fusto brito ----- ----- broda ----- ----- (English examples used the series predA, predE, predI, predO, predU for the primary functions of these words, but they were not used in Loglan examples) brode ----- ----- brodi ----- ----- brodo ----- ----- brodu ----- ----- bruna bradi *brudi pazbu'a budjo ----- ----- bukpu klabu klabu bumru fragu fragu bunda pando *pundo (limited to the actual English weight unit, and not generalized) bunre brani *brona burmau burcu brocu brocu burna solco soclycomtu *socycou soclycomtu (social-ashamed) cabna1 nadzo nadzo cabna2 samke samtyckemo *samkeo samtyckemo (same-time_interval = simultaneous; place structure identical with nadzo; especially curious since ckemo is a time interval, not a point, yet we think of simultaneous as matching a point while 'current' is a rather looser match) cabra ratci *patce cacra djora *horto (jorta in 1983, jorto in 1987) cadzu dzoru dzoru dzukla cafne pifno pifno cafmau cakla tcoko tcoko calku ----- *konce canci vidgo vidjygotso *vijgoi vidjygodzi (view-go) cando1 norkakto no kakto *norkao no kakto (0-actor) cando2 nu kakfo nu kakto folma *nurkaoflo nu kakto folma cadmau (less- (act-filled) = more energetic) cange fanra fanra canja batmi batmi canko cundo cundo canlu spasi spasi canpa cavle cavle canre sanca sanca canti1 visra visra canti2 ----- *intestini (borrowing) carce tcari *karti carmi brili brili caizma (most English equivalents given in L1 are better expressed as lujvo involving gusni) carna trana trana cartu cartu cartu carvi crina crina tercarvi casnu dislu dislu catke puctu *pucto catlu bleka bleka catni tcori tcori catra morma mortymadzo *mormao mortymadzo (dead-make) caxno nu condi nu condi caxmau (out deeped) cecla1 tamre tarmyrenro *tamreo tarmyrenro (weapon-throw) cecla2 restamre restytarmyrenro *zbutamreo zbumytarmyrenro (explode-weapon-throw) cecla3 renro renro (throw) cecmu ----- *munce cedra litke litryckemo *hiskeo hisryckemo (history-time_interval) cedra tcake tcalyckemo *laacke langyckemo (long-time_interval) cedra terke terla ckemo *telkeo terlyckemo (epoch = earth-time_interval) cenba ----- ----- (the keyword 'change' in old Loglan wordlists cooresponds to lojban binxo, with no sense of 'variation'. i.e. changing as a process without changing into something) censa ganfo gandyfolma *gadyflo cesmau (god-full) censa ganfo gandyfolma *sento cesmau (god-full) centi senti *centi (deleted in GMR, then restored as senti, then changed) cerda ----- ----- cerni monza monza certu spuro spuro cevni gandi gandi cfari satma satcymadzo *sacmao satcymadzo (start-make) cfika fikco fikco cfila tsero2 tsero2 selsre (Lojban cfila applies only if innate/inherent, else Lojban srera) cfine ----- ----- cfipu ----- ----- ciblu bludi bludi cicna ----- ----- cidja tcidi tcidi cidni tudji tuglydjine *tuedji tuglydjine (leg-joins_to) cidro lidro *hidro cifnu cinta cinta cigla ----- ----- cikna cidja cidja cikre nakso nakso ciksi klima klirymadzo *klimao klirymadzo (clear-make) cilce freci frezyclivi *rezlii frezyclivi (free-live) cilmo metlo *cetlo cilre cirna cirna cilta1 citre citre cilta2 tirca tirca jimcilta cimde nuska nu skalu *nurska nu(r)skalu (be-scaled) cimni racke ra ckemo rarkeo ra(r)ckemo (eternity = all-time_interval) cinba skesa skesa cindu sokcu sokcu cinfo simba simba cinje ----- ----- cinki setco *sekta cinla linco linco cinlymau cinmo filmo filmo cinri treci treci cinse sekci sekci cinjikca, cinpa'i, cinju'i (po sekci is x2 of Lojban cinse; i.e. selcinse) cinta pinti pinti cinza ----- ----- cipni nirda nirda cipra pruci pruci cirko dirlu dirlu cirla nikri nikri ciska srite srite cisma crano crano ciste sitmo *sisto citka titci titci citno junti junti citri litri *hisri (cisti in 1983) citsi nirpa nirnyparte *ninpai nirnyparti (year-part) civla ladzo ladzo cizra gutra gutra cizmau ckabu ----- ----- ckafi skafi skafi ckaji katli katli ckana betpu *bedpu ckape denro denro ckasu ----- ----- ckeji comtu comtu ckiku tocki tocki ckilu skalu skalu ckini kanci *kunci ckire garti garti ckule ckela ckela ckunu ----- *pansu (may be limited to only pines) cladu clado clado lauzma clani tcale *langa clamau claxu claso *clesi clika ----- ----- clira1 tsebi tserybisti *tsepao tserypasko (error-before; concept seems limited to being erroneously early) clira2 bisti2 *pasko2 clite focka formyckano *foacka formyckano (formal-kind) cliva1 gotso2 *godzi2 cliva2 sadgo satcygotso *sacgoi satcygodzi (start-go) cliva3 clago clasygotso *clegoi clesygodzi (without-go) clupa ----- ----- cmaci numsensi numcysensi numsensi numcysensi (number-science) cmalu cmalo cmalo cmana manta *monca cmavo ----- ----- cmene namci namci cmila clafo clafo cmima djori djori cmoni pukra puntykraku *punkra puntykraku (pain-cry_out) cnano norma norma cnebo sneku sneku cnemu barda barda cnici nitci nitci nicmau cnino cninu cninu ninmau, ninmau cnisa pubmi *pubmo (pubmu in 1983) cnita damni1 *nilca1 cokcu metce metlycenja *cetcea cetlycenja (wet-become) condi condi condi coizma, coizma cortu puntu puntu cpacu getsi getsi cpana tovne tovrynedza *tovnea tovrynedza (over-next_to) cpare ----- ----- cpedu skiti *begco cpina ----- ----- cradi radlo *radjo velcradi crane frena frena creka blusa1 blusa1 (blouse) creka carta *curta crepu fruto frutytokna *frutoa frutytokna (fruit-take) cribe ----- ----- crida ----- ----- crino vegri vegri ri'ozma cripu cidjo *cibra crisa cimra cimra critu cimfu cimryfutci *cimfui cimryfutci (summer-future) ctaru ----- ----- ctebi zlupi zlupi cteki cteki cteki ctile ----- ----- ctino cidza *cedzu ctuca ditca ditca cukla randi *rande cukta bukcu bukcu selpapri (the word originally referred to bound documents; the Lojban emphasizes the conceptual volume, which may be in a medium such as microfilm, computer disk, etc.) culno folma folma clumau cumki bleci *blicu cumla setsa sedjysanti *selsai seljysanti (self-quiet) cunmi ----- ----- cunso canse1 canse1 cuntu ferci ferci cupra podju *proju curmi letci letci curnu kurma kurma curve punfo1 punfo1 (split into two concepts: curve and manfo) cusku cutse cutse terpinka (concept has been generalized) cutci cutci cutci cutne tceti tceti cuxna tisra tisra dacru drara drara dacti bekti bekti dadjo ----- ----- dakfu najda najda dakli sakli sakli damba kamda kamda damri ----- *ramgu dandu pendi pendi danfu1 retpi retpi namspu, reispu danfu2 palre palnyretpi *nabretpi nabmyretpi (problem-reply) danlu nimla nimla danmo smano smano danre fu skapu fu skapypuctu *fu skapypuo fu skapypucto (skin-push) dansu dansa *danse (requires a partner) danti1 nunre nu renro *nuryreo nu renro (x2 of throw, something thrown) danti2 cmanunre cmalo nu renro *cmanuryreo cmalo nu renro (small-x2 of thrown = bullet) danti3 nu tamre nu tarmyrenro *nu tamreo nu tarmyrenro (x2 of weapon-thrown = projectile) daplu cilda cilda dapma kafcu kasfycutse *kafcue kasfycutse (punish-say = condemn) dargu rodlu rodlu darlu ditlu *targo dabdau, daurda'a (must argue against an opponent over an issue) darno darli darli darmau darsi dubri durzybriga *druria durzybriga (doingly-brave) darxi bloda bloda daski packo *packe dasni repli resfyplizo *respli resfyplizo (clothes-use) daspo potri *hutri dasri ----- ----- datka ----- ----- datni fekto2 fekto2 decti ----- *decti (desti in 1983) degji1 djeto *dedjo (limited to finger) degji2 djoto djoto (limited to toe) dejni djeta djeta dekpu ----- *galno (old Loglan limited to English unit) dekto ----- *dekto delno ----- ----- dembi ----- ----- denci dante dante denmi morle mordylenri *mronei mordynenri demymau (more-inside) denpa pazda pazda dertu dertu dertu derxi ctima ctifymanta *ctimoa ctifymonca (stuff-mountain) desku1 siltu2 siltu2 desku2 kuksi kukrysiltu *kuksiu kukrysiltu (quick-oscillate = vibrate) detri densa denlysanpa *delsaa denlysanpa (day-sign) dicra1 krastima kralystisymadzo *krostimao krolystisymadzo fledicra (flow-stop-make) dicra1 stima stisymadzo *stimao stisymadzo (stop-make) dikca lenki lenki diklo lokti lokti ("originates in and confined to") dikni1 rilri1 rilri1 dikmau dikni2 ----- *cikli terdikrau (borrowing: cycle) dikni3 ----- *herzi terdikrau (borrowing: hertz; unclear how distinct from cikli) dilcu brato2 brato2 (does not distinguish between quotient (which normally doesn't include the remainder) and ratio; remainder is an unrelated lujvo stonu -> stonuu from metaphor "staying-number") dilnu klada klada dimna normutfu no muvdyfutci *normuvfui no(r)muvdyfutci (not-move-future) dinju2 balci1 balci1 (the place structure of balci is identical to that of madzo; however, its English translation suggests that it is limited to erection and construction of buildings/edifices) dinju1 nurba nu balci *nurbai nu(r)balci (x2 of build = something built) dinko naldi naldi dirba dipri dipri dirce nu kreni nu kreni nendi'e (limited to energy emissions) dirgo drida drida dizlo damni2 *nilca2 dzimau, cnita djacu cutri cutri djedi nu denli nu denli (day is officially the x2 of denli, which means daytime, but actual usage never reflected this and confused day and daytime as do many natural languages; unlike all other old Loglan time units, though, denli has no place for a number of days, because it is confused with the concept daytime = Lojban donri) djica danza danza djine djale2 *rinje djuno djano djano donri denli denli (see also Lojban djedi; in addition to mensa, se denli is a measurement word not reformulated to the standard measurement place structure) dotco dotca/o *dotca/i/o draci stafi stadyfikco *stafikco stadyfikco (stage-fiction) drani dreti dreti drata norsa *notbi (norsa derived from no samto, notbi from no bi) drudi trufa trufa dugri ----- ----- dukse motsu mordytsufi *moutsu mordytsufi (more-sufficient) dukti pozbu *bufpo dunda donsu donsu dunja1 salce saldycenja *salcea saldycenja (solid-become) dunja2 saldi2 saldi2 dunku smipu sminypuntu *minpuu sminypuntu (mentally-hurt) dunli ciktu ciktu dunra dotra dotra dzena bislinka bislyclinykanci *paslinkui paskyslinykunci (before-line-kin, limited to lineal ancestors, rather than generically referring to an older generation) dzipo ----- ----- facki duvra *duvri fadni danri danri fagri1 fagro fagro fagri2 flami flami fagypau, fagyfle falnu salfa salfa famti torspaka to spalykanci *torpalkui to(r)spalykunci (2-side-kin, used for aunt/uncle as well as nephew/niece; i.e. both x1 and x2 of famti) fancu ----- ----- fange nozgu norsygunti *notgui notbygunti (other-country) fanmo rando *fando fanri ----- ----- fanta1 bistisma bislystisymadzo *pakstimao paskystisymadzo (before-stop-make) fanta2 kaklitnu kaktylitnu *kakliu kaktylitnu (act-hold) fanta3 norvecko no vetcyckozu *norveicko no(r)vetcyckozu (not-event-cause) fanva ----- ----- fanza1 poplu pozbypluci *pozplu pozbypluci (opposite-please) fanza2 nurkacko nu kamfyckozu *nurkoucko nu(r)komfyckozu (outcomforted-cause) fapro fanpo *pozfa farlu ferlu *felda farna dirci *dirco selfa'a farvi valda valda fasnu vetci vetci fatci fekto1 fekto1 fatne fanri *fanve fatri petri petri febvi bulju bulju femti ----- ----- fendi1 narma nartymadzo *nartymao nartymadzo (separate-make, the English definition appears to equate x1 with either/both x1 and x4 of the Lojban) fendi2 parma partymadzo *parmao partymadzo (part-make) fengu groci groci fenki ----- *frelo fenra karku karku fenso djoso djoso fepni senta *----- (deleted in GMR, was limited to smaller monetary untis that were 1/100 of the primary unit) fepri ----- ----- ferti ferti ferti fremau festi festi festi fespra, malxaksu fetsi femdi femdi figre ----- *fighe filso ----- ----- finpe ficli ficli finti1 vetfa vetfa finti2 tekto2 tekto2 dijyfi'i flalu lilfa lilfa flani ----- ----- flecu krali *kroli fliba falba falba flira fasli fasli foldi fildi fildi (apparently limited to agricultural meaning) fonmo ----- ----- fonxa telfo telfo forca forka forka fraso frase/o *frasa/i/o frati spada *ponda fraxu tsenodri tsero no driki *tsenordri tseryno(r)driki frica retca retca friko ----- *frika/i/o frili fasru fasru frinu ----- ----- friti tifru tifru frumu ----- ----- fukpi kalpi *kopca fulta flofu flofu funca1 canse2 canse2 ('luck' and 'accident' are equated with chance/randomness, or must be interpreted as "good" or "bad") funca2 gutca gudbi canse *gudcae gudbi canse (good-chance) funca3 zafca zavlo canse *zalcae zavlo canse (bad-chance) fusra ranta ranta furmau fuzme rispa *daspa gacri kuvga1 kuvga1 gadri ----- ----- galfi cenma cenjymadzo *cejmao cenjymadzo (change-cause) galtu ganta ganta galxe goltu goltu ganlo kanlo *klogu ga'onri'a (being closed presumes an agent who closes, whereas being open presumes no agent - a lujvo expresses the agentive to open) ganra kubra kubra ganmau ganse sanse sanse ganti testi testi ganxo gasno gasno ganzu ganli ganli gapci1 vapra *vapro cafygapci (something "normally a gas; i.e. above some temperature) gapci2 ligva liktyvapra *likvao liktyvapro (a normal liquid in a gaseous state) gapru tovru tovru garna trelu trelu gasnu durzo durzo gafygau gasta gasti gasti genja ginru ginru gento ----- ----- genxu gokru gokru gerku kangu kangu gerna tagrunse taknygrunysetci *takrulsei taknyrulnysetci (talk-rule-set; covers the entire grammar rather than the grammar for a structure or element of the language) gidva glida glida klagi'a gigdo ----- *gigdo ginka kampo kampo girzu1 grupa grupa girzu2 setci1 setci1 gismu ----- ----- glare gorma *hatro gleki gacpi *hapci gletu kitsa kitsa glico gleca/o *gleca/i/o gluta gluva gluva gocti ----- ----- gotro ----- ----- gradu dugri dugri grake ----- *gramo grana1 kanra kanra grana2 ----- *polji braga'a, sraga'a grana3 stuka stuka cmaga'a, cinlyga'a grasu girsa *gresa greku1 frama frama greku2 truke truke grusi grisi grisi rusmau grute fruta fruta gubni publi publi gubmau gugde gunti gunti gundi gotri gotri gunka turka turka gunma ----- ----- gunro rolgu1 rolgu1 (definition ambiguous between gunro and slanu) gunse ----- ----- gunta takma takma gurni grunu grunu guska ----- ----- gusni litla litla gusta resra resra gutci ----- ----- gutra ----- ----- guzme1 melno melno guzme2 ----- *melhone (added as a borrowing in 1989 L1, but melno is still listed as a prim in that book) jabre breko breko terjabre jadni durna durna jakne ----- ----- jalge nucko nu ckozu *nurcko nu(r)ckozu (something caused; effect, issue; indistinct from specifically physical causes and effects) jalna ----- ----- jalra ----- ----- jamfu fitpi fitpi jamna dorja dorja janbe bekli bekli janco ganbadji gantybarmydjine *ganbardji gantybarmydjine (high-arm-join) janli mublo muvdybloda *muoblo muvdybloda (move-hit) jansu konsu konsu janta kanti kanti jarbu ----- ----- jarco kanle kanvyletci *vizlei vizkyletci (see-permit) jarco kanma kanvymadzo *vizmao vizkamadzo (see-make) jarki janro janro jaspu paspo paspo li'urjaspu jatna kapta kapta bloja'a javni gruni *rulni jbama bomba bomba jbari mafru cmalyfruta *cmafru cmalyfruta (small-fruit) jbena brana brana seljbe jbera djema djetymadzo *jetmao djetymadzo (debt-make) jbini bitsa bitsa jdari tardu *hardu jdice disri disri jdika cmace cmalycenba *cmacea cmalycenba (small-become) jdima prati prati (L4/L5 fails to make the distinction between price and cost) jdini cmeni cmeni jduli dzeli dzeli jecta poldi poldi preje'a (government-citizen relationship) jeftu likta likta jegvo ----- ----- jelca cabro cabro jemna djula djula jenca tcaku1 tcaku1 jendu ----- ----- jenmi narmi narmi jerna jurna jurna jersi1 jango jantygotso *jangoi jantygodzi (hunt-go) jersi2 praprigo pranyprirygotso *pranyprigoi pranyprirygodzi (run-rear-go) jersi3 prigo prirygotso *prigoi prirygodzi (rear-go) jerxo ----- ----- jesni1 nidla nidla fenjesni jesni2 pento2 *penta jetce ----- ----- jetnu tradu tradu jgalu ----- ----- jganu jaglo jaglo jgari jugra jugra jgena nanta *nanda jgina ----- *genhe jgira pu sedri pu sedjyrispe *pu selrispe pu seljyrispe se'ijgi (property of self-respect) jgita ----- ----- jibni cnire *snire jbimau jibri tukle turkyklesi *tuakle turkyklesi (work-category) jibri fu pepli fu pernyplizo *fu perpli fu pernyplizo (something someone is hired to do) jicla miktu miksydurzo *misduo miksydurzo (mix-do) jicmu basni1 basni1 jijnu ----- ----- jikca socli socli jikru likro likro jilka ----- ----- jilra ----- ----- jimca badjo badjo jimpe1 sadja sanpydjano *saadja sanpydjano smujmi, smuju'o (sign-know) jimpe2 sidja sitmydjano *siodja sistydjano (system-know; x1 and x3 of Lojban) jimte limji limji jinci cirzo cirzo jinga gancu gancu jinku vaksi vaksi jinme metli metli jinru banci banci jirsezlu'i jinsa klini klini jismau jinto cutko cutrykoldu *cuthou cutryholdu (water-hole) jinvi jupni jupni (L4/5 defines opinion as a "tentative belief", which seems more like a guess: Lojban smadi. This is presumed an error, since later definitions use only "opines/thinks" which will presumably be taken to have a more standard meaning.) jinzi1 ----- ----- (the general sense of an inherent or innate trait or nature is not covered in the TLI wordlists) jinzi2 nu clida nu clivydanci *nu livdai nu clivydanci ginjinzi (property inherent to gene in someone from parents - very limited sense to genetic traits tied to a single gene) jipci ----- ----- jipno1 penra pentyrando *petfao pentyfando (pointy-end) jipno2 pento1 *penta jesmau, jesyjipmau (sharper, pointier) jipno3 bekra bektyrando *bekfao bektyfando (thing-end) jirna rorno *horno jisra ----- ----- jitfa falji falji jitro1 kanto *troli jitro2 mande mande gunja'a, guntro (manage is vague in English; it could be jitro, jatna, gidva, minde, terbende, or jdice) jivbu ----- ----- jivna kanpi kanpi jmaji kinkamla kincykamla *kinkaa kincykamla (together-come) jmifa ----- ----- jmina tenma tenrymadzo *tenmao tenrymadzo (increase-make) jmina sumdu sumjydurzo *sumduo sumjydurzo (sum-do) jmive clivi clivi jordo ----- ----- jorne djine djine (missing 'joint' place) jubme tobme tobme judri sitna sitfynamci *sitnamci sitfynamci (site-name) jufra stisi *steti jukni ----- ----- jukpa kokfa kokfa julne nreti *netre jundi tedji tedji jungo1 gonju *----- (Mandarin Chinese; deleted by 1983) jungo2 jungo *junga/i/o (generic Chinese) junla jokla jokla junri srisu srisu (covers both serious/earnest and serious/grave/solemn) junta nu skatidjo nu skalytidjo *nu skatio nu skalytidjo (units weighed on scale) jurme ----- *bakteri jursa ----- ----- (lujvo exist for harsh visage and voice based on "hard" and "rough", but these are a very limited sense of the concept) jutsi ----- *speci juxre ----- ----- jvinu vidju vidju kabri kupta kupta kacma kamra kamra kadno ----- ----- kafke kafso kafso kagni kompi kompi kajde kurni kurni kajna kanta *celna kakne kanmo kanmo kakpa pafko pafko kalci studa *ctuda kalri kapni kapni kalsa ----- ----- kalte janto janto kamju vedju vertydjupo *vrejuo vretydjupo (vertical-support) kamni kamti kamti (x2 and x3 reversed) kampu kamtu *kumtu kanba gotca gotca kancu kante *konte terkancu, kacyselylai kandi ----- ----- kanji ----- ----- kanla menki menki kanro djela djela kansa kinci kinci kantu kreni kreni (limited only to "rays"/quanta that are emitted by an energy source) kanxe ----- ----- karbi kampe *kambi karce tcaro tcaro karda karda karda kargu gusti *kusti kargymau karli klira *kalra karni nuzve nuzvyveslo *nuzveo nuzvyveslo (news-vessel) katna kutla kutla kavbu1 janju jantyjugra *janjua jantyjugra (hunt-seize) kecti noske norsykecri *notkei notbykecri (other-sad) kelci plici *pleci kelvo ----- ----- kenra ----- ----- kensa ----- ----- kerfa kerfa *herfa kerlo sorlu *sorgu ketco ----- ----- kevna koldu *holdu (was kuvla in 1987) kicne padzi padzi kijno loksi *????? (prim possibly deleted in favor of a borrowing, not in 1989 L1) kilto ----- *kilto kinli kinku kinku kilmau kisto ----- ----- klaji trida trida klaku mekra metlykraku *metkra metlykraku (wet-cry_out) klama1 gotso1 *godzi1 (semantic difference between kamla and gotso/godzi and traci muvdo has never been defined and usage appears to be based on English idiom; place structure difference is merely a switching of x2 and x3 between kamla and the others) klama2 kamla1 kamla1 (semantic difference between kamla and gotso/godzi and traci muvdo has never been defined and usage appears to be based on English idiom; place structure difference is merely a switching of x2 and x3 between kamla and the others) klama3 traci2 traci2 (semantic difference between kamla and gotso/godzi and traci muvdo has never been defined and usage appears to be based on English idiom; place structure difference is merely a switching of x2 and x3 between kamla and the others) klama4 muvdo2 muvdo2 (semantic difference between kamla and gotso/godzi and traci muvdo has never been defined and usage appears to be based on English idiom; place structure difference is merely a switching of x2 and x3 between kamla and the others) klani kanli *canli klesi klesi klesi klina kliri kliri kliru colri *cloro (clori in 1983, limited to chlorine, while Lojban has been extended to cover all halogens) kliti ----- *kleni klupe skori skori kluza2 blusa2 blusa2 (inclusion of the Lojban word was inspired by the older distinction between blusa = blouse and carta = shirt, and the desire to devise non-sexist clothing terms and means to distinguish clothing; 'blouse' is also used for a sailor's shirt, as well as a woman's short, and the distinction is the looseness of the garment) kluza1 nudji nu djitu *nurjiu nu(r)djitu luzmau (less tight than ...) kobli ----- *kolhe kojna ----- ----- (see jaglo; Lojban jganu) kolme kolme kolme komcu komcu komcu konju ----- ----- korbi bidje bidje (surfaces place is semantically ambiguous, suggesting that in 3-dimensions the edge is such as of a blade, or else is the intersection of two planes; usage in tanru is suggestive of the more standard meaning of edge/border/rim for which this place makes no sense, and matches the Lojban) korcu betcu betcu kromau korka korka korka (ambiguous whether this refers to the bark of a cork tree, or the generic word for the dead, dry, outer bark of all woody plants. L4/L5 wording suggests the former; Lojban uses the latter) kosta kosta kosta kramu ----- ----- krasi satci satci krati dilri dilri krefu genza genza krici krido krido krili ----- *krisitali krinu raznu raznu krixa kraku kraku kruca ----- ----- kruji krima krima kruvi korva korva kubli ----- ----- kucli ----- ----- kufra kamfu *komfu selkufmau kukte dilko1 dilko1 kulnu ----- *kultu kumfa kruma kruma kumte kamlo *camle kunra minku minku kunti nirve ni ra veslo *niryrarveo ni(r)ra(r)veslo (0-some-container = nothing-container) kurfa1 kurja kurfyjaglo *kurjao kurfyjaglo (square-angle, accurate match to Lojban) kurfa2 kurfa kurfa kubykurfa, pitkubykurfa (the Lojban refers to the right angles, and therefore needs to bring in the concept of regular and planar shape) kurji kerju kerju kurki kutra kutra kuspe ranjo ranjo kusru kruli kruli kusmau labno ----- *lupsu lacpu spila *cpula lacri kakri kaktykrido *kaokri kaktykrido (act-believe) ladru malna malna lafti lufta lufta lafmuvgau lakne dakli dakli la'ezma lakse lakse lakse lalxu vlako vlako lamji nedza nedza lanbi ----- *proteini lanci flaci flaci lanka banse banse lanli ----- ----- lanme berci berci lante melve metlyveslo *metveo metlyveslo (metal-vessel; apparently limited to canning performed with metal-sealing) lanxe balpi balpi lanzu famji famji larcu larte larte lasna ----- ----- lastu rasto rasto latmo romno *romni (probably romna/o also per other culture words, but only the one is listed in 1989 Loglan 1) latna ----- ----- lazni ----- ----- lebna tokna1 tokna1 (pre-Lojban vocabulary lists are generally silent on what if any are the differences between words relating to acquisition) lenjo lenze *lenzo lenku kleda kleda lekmau lerci tsefu tseryfutci *tsefui tseryfutci srebalvi, srelerci (err-future) lerfu letra letra libjo ----- ----- lidne1 nefre nedzyfrena *neafre nedzyfrena lamli'e (next-in_front; obviously limited to immediately preceding and based on the English metaphor that at times considers "to the left of" to mean "in front of") lidne2 frego frenygotso *fregoi frenygodzi klali'e (go-precede, limited to motion) lidne3 bizgo bistygotso *pasgoi paskygodzi klali'e (go-precede, limited to motion) lifri speni speni lijda ridji *lidji limna sucmi sucmi limkla lindi ledri ledri linji1 clina clina sirli'i (limited to straight lines) linji2 linko clinykorva *linkoa clinykorva (straight_line-curve) linsi tcena tcena linto latci latci li'orme'a lisri stuci stuci liste ----- ----- (some kinship with lista, but the latter means Lojban porsi) litce ----- ----- litki likti *flidu caflitki (something 'ordinarily' a liquid at some temperature range) litru1 traci1 traci1 litru2 kamla2 kamla2 litru3 gotso3 *godzi livga vrano vrano livla ----- ----- logji lodji lodji lojbo logla logla dzejbo (TLI might not apply logla to Lojban due to political disputes, but the TLI version of the language is clearly an 'ancestor' of current Lojban) loldi fordi fordi kumloi (several equivalents for bottom, none of which is clearly equivalent of the more general sense of 'floor' - a lower (supporting) surface not necessarily part of a room) lorxu ----- ----- lubno ----- ----- lujvo ----- ----- lumci vlaci vlaci lunbe resla resfyclaso *refcle resfyclesi (clothes-without) lunra lunla *lunra lunsa likce1 liktycenja *flicea flidycenja (liquid-become; no distinction made between melt and condense) mabla ----- ----- mabru ----- *mamla macnu ----- ----- makcu1 ----- *rapcu ma'uzma makcu2 kalro kaplyrodja *kalroa kaplyrodja (complete-grow) makfa madji madji terselmakfa, maftigni maksi ----- *magne (in 1974-5 magne was magnesium, which apparently was not given a new gismu/prim and is presumably a le'avla/borrowing) malsi tepli tepli (adjectival meanings listed in L4/L5 seem more connected with 'religion' than 'church/temple', but then "priest" is metaphorized as "church-man" rather than based on religion or a priest's leadership or representative roles) mamta matma matma mamrorci (limited to procreational maternal role, with a father mandatory in the place structure) manci1 ritfi ridjyfirpa *lidfia lidjyfirpa macte'a, jdamacte'a (religion-fear) manci2 reble revrybleka *reible revrybleka (dream-look) manfo1 punfo1 punfo1 manfymau (uniformity in composition only) manfo2 rilri2 rilri2 manfymau (uniformity in period only) manku draka draka manmau manri ----- ----- (entries in L4/L5 are limited to positional reference frames (nu sitfa) and norms (kamru = common rule); there is no indication of a broader concept of a basis for decision/judgement) mansa cnicmama cnidycmalymadzo *cnicmamao cnidycmalymadzo tcumansa, sabmansa (need-small-make); (limited to satisfaction of a need) manti manti manti mapku kapma kapma mapni katna katna mapti1 fomsa formysamto *fomsao formysamto (form-same) mapti2 nerne ne ne *????? (one-one); (corresponds to; not listed as a remade compound in Notebook 1 and presumed discarded) marbi garko *harko marce tcabo tcarybotcu *tcabou tcarybotsu (car-boat) marde1 kagru kaktygruni *kakrui kaktyrulni (act-rule; note act is 'act towards goal', and not 'behave') marde2 fu zafka fu zavlykakto *zavkao fu zavlykakto zermarde (bad-act; note act is 'act towards goal', and not 'behave') margu megru *????? (element word presumably remade as a borrowing) marji ctifu ctifu marna ----- ----- marxa kraco kraco masno slano slano snomau masti mensa mensa (in addition to denli, a measurement word not reformulated to the standard measurement place structure) matci1 ----- *tciro matci2 spadi spadi kicymatci matli linbu linbu matne batra batra matra motci motci (sel)tonmatra; (definition in L4/L5 limits concept to torque-producing machines, rather than the standard definition of the English words, which is motion-producing) mavji ----- ----- maxri ritma ritma mebri tofre toskyfrena *hedfre hedtyfrena (head-front) megdo ----- *megdo mekso ----- ----- melbi bilti bilti mlemau meljo ----- ----- menli smina smina mensi metri *sorme pazme'i mentu minta minta merko merka *merka/i/o merli merli merli mexno ----- ----- midju midju midju mifra fu smiri fu smikysrite *fu smisri fu smikysrite (something secret-written) mikce kicmu kicmu mikri ----- *mikti milti ----- *milti milxe mildo mildo mli(sel)mau minde korji korji minji matci matci minli marli marli minra krefansu krenyfanrysundi *krefansui krenyfanvysundi (ray-reverse-send) mintu samto samto mipri smike smike selmipmau, nalterjunmau, terjunme'a mirli ----- ----- misno famva famva kairmi'o misro ----- ----- mitre ----- *metro mixre miksa miksa selxre, (sez)minselxre mlana spali2 spali2 mlasfe mlatu katma katma mleca nurmo nu nordu *nurmou nu(r)mordu selmau (be-exceeded by) mledi ----- ----- mluni lunla lunlyforma *lunfoa lunraforma (moon-form) mokca1 nucli nu clina *nurlia nu(r)clina (something passed through by a line; as a lujvo/complex, the concept is abstracted to be the closest in meaning to the Lojban) mokca2 corke cortyckemo *corkeo cortyckemo teirmokca (short-time) mokca3 ckepe ckemypento *ckepea ckemypenta tcikymokca (time-pointed) moklu manko manko molki molci molci molro ----- ----- morji driki driki morko ----- ----- morna forma2 forma2 morsi morto morto mosra ----- ----- mraji ----- ----- mrilu posta posta velmri, mritcana mruli mroza mroza mucti ----- ----- mudri mubre mubre mukti modvi modvi mulno kapli kapli munje ----- ----- mupli mipli mipli murse ----- ----- murta krena *kurti muslo ----- ----- mutce vedji *mutce tcemau muvdu1 muvdo1 muvdo1 (indistinguishable from godzi/kamla except for explicit inclusion of route) muvdu2 muvma muvdymadzo *muvmao muvdymadzo (move-make) muzga ----- ----- nabmi palna *nable nakni mandi *mendi nalci tcela tcela namcu numcu numcu nanba brano *breba nanca nirne nirne nandu nardu nardu nanla botci botci nanmu mrenu mrenu nanvi ----- *nanti narge krinu krinu djatsi (cross-meaning of edible seed) narju norji norji najmau natfe nosti no sisti *norsti no(r)sisti (not-sentence) natmi fargu farfygunti *fragui farfygunti nairgu'e (father-country) navni nenlo *????? (element word presumably remade as a borrowing) naxle kanla kanla nazbi nazbi nazbi nejni nerji nerji nenkaimau nelci fundi fundi se selneimau nenri lenri *nenri nibli snola snola nicte natli natli nikle nikle *niklo nilce ----- ----- nimre ----- ----- ninmu fumna fumna nirna nervi *nervi (nurvi in 1987 and in 1989 L1, but nervi again in 1991 list. If nervi, then conflict with nervo = Lojban xanka, but the latter may have been omitted accidentally or intentionally dropped). nitcu cnida cnida nivji ----- ----- nixli nirli nirli nobli1 gabra gantybrana *gaabra gantybrana (high-born; the Lojban is probably most comparable to the sense of ganta in these metaphors, without the modificands, but the place structure of the earlier Loglan ganta standing alone is not compatible with nobli or its metaphorical use in these compounds) nobli2 ganlilpa gantylilpa *ganpoi gantyporli (high-powerful; the Lojban is probably most comparable to the sense of ganta in these metaphors, without the modificands, but the place structure of the earlier Loglan ganta standing alone is not compatible with nobli or its metaphorical use in these compounds) notci1 drima drikymadzo *drimao drikymadzo (remember-make; also includes concept of souvenir, reminder) notci2 corle cortylerci *corlerci cortylerci (short-letter) nukni ----- ----- nupre1 durcu durzycutse *drucue durzycutse (do-say) nupre2 nordurcu no durzycutse *norduocue no(r)durzycutse (not-do-say) nurma1 fanla fanrylandi *farlai fanrylandi (farm-land) nurma2 fanlanli fanrylandyclika *farlaicli fanrylandyclika (farm-land-like) nutli nutra nutra nuzba nuzvo nuzvo pacna spopa spopa pagbu parte *parti pagre tceru tceru pajni djadi *djudi paijdi palci vedzafka vedjyzavlykakto *mutzalkao mutcyzavlykakto (very-bad-act) palku panku *pantu palne trani *trali palta plata plata pambe dampa dampa panci sutme sutme pandi ----- ----- panje spena *penja panka1 publa publylandi *publai publylandi (public-land) panka2 kaptriru kapnytricygrupa *kaptrigru kapnytricygrupa (open-tree-group) panlo ----- ----- panpi pismi pismi panra pirle pirle pante prutu prutu panzi1 nu matfa nu matmyfarfu *nu maafra nu matmyfarfu (be_mother-fathered) panzi2 sonde sontydetri *sundea sunhydetra (son-daughter) panzi3 ----- *tciha papri pidri pidri parbi brato1 brato1 pastu cadre cadre nimpastu patfu farfu farfu pafrorci (limited to procreational paternal role, with a mother mandatory in the place structure) patlu palto palto patxu1 pante *patpe patxu2 ----- *ketli pelji papre papre plebo'o, plekarda pelxu pelto pelto pelmau pemci virsa *versa penbi penbi penbi pencu totco totco pendo fremi fremi penmi djimi *jmite pensi penso penso perli perna *persa (perli in 1983) pesxu pasti pasti petso ----- ----- pezli clife clife picti ----- *pikti pijne pinda pinda pikci liski lilpyskiti *poirbeo porlybegco (powerful-ask) pikta ketpi ketpi beirpikta pilji jalti jalti pilka skapi skapi pilno plizo plizo pimlu pluma pluma pinca pinca pinca pindi purcu purcu pidmau pinfu preni preni sfapinfu pinji pingu pingu nakpinji pinka nu kancu nu kanvycutse *nu vikcue nu vizkycutse (be_see-said) pinsi pinsi pinsi pinta lelpi lelpi pinxe pidra *hompi pipno plano *????? (not listed in 1989 L1) pixra tcure tcure plana fotpa fotpa planymau platu1 danci danci selpla platu2 tekto1 tekto1 di'upla pleji penti *petci plibu ----- ----- plini terfo terlyforma *telfoa terlyforma (earth-form) plipe volti *valti plise pligo pligo plita pilno pilno plixa plado plado terplixa, lixyca'a, lixtci pluja ----- ----- pluka1 pluci pluci pukygau, jai pluka pluka2 fu pluci fu pluci (pleasing agent) pluta rutma rutma polje foldi foldi rapyplo polno ----- ----- ponjo pongo *ponja/i/o (ponga in 1983) ponse ponsu ponsu porpi broko broko porsi lista lista porto ----- ----- prali prali prali dinprali prami clivu *cluva prane fekti *purfe preja kuspo kuspo prenu pernu pernu preti kunti *kenti prije sadji sadji prina capri capri terselpri (x2/x3 switch) pritu ritco ritco prosa proza proza pruce prase prase ra'inru'e (processes are described as having the property of continuity as well as of proceeding through stages, unlike Lojban) pruni1 sporu *spori pruni2 lasti lasti punmau pruxi spicu spicu preru'i, ruxpre pulce dustu dustu pulji ----- *polsi pulni ----- ----- punji setfa setfa punli sulba sulba purci bisti1 *pasko1 purdi gardi gardi purmo pudru pudru racli rapli raznyplizo *razpli raznyplizo raclymau (definition not clear whether it refers to an event/occurance being rational or to a person whose thought processes are rational) ractu ----- ----- radno ----- ----- rafsi ----- ----- ragve karsa karsa rakso ----- ----- raktu nitru *fatru ralci1 dilko2 dilko2 (ambiguous in meaning between tasty/delicious and subtle/easily damaged or overwhelmed) ralci2 bromo brokymordu *bromou brokymordu racmau (break-more) ralju cefli cefli ralte klipu klipu randa norgansu no gancycutse *norgaucue no(r)gancycutse (not-win-say) rango clira clivyratci *livpae clivypatce (living-apparatus) ranji1 nu pradu nu prasydurzo *nu praduo nu prasydurzo (process_continued_in; actually worded as "activity" continued, even though the source metaphor uses "process") ranji2 nu setprama nu sedjyprasymadzo *nu selpramao nu seljyprasymadzo (be_self-process-made; compounded from prama/pramao process-make = persevere) ranmi ----- ----- ransu ----- ----- ranti molro molro ranmau ranxi ----- ----- rapli ----- ----- (related to genza but not in any clear manner to the place structure thereof) rarna1 natra natra rarna2 nornurma no nu madzo *nornurmao no(r)nu(r)madzo (not-be_made; but note that natra is the negation of "supernatural") rarna3 nu clida nu clivydanci *nu livdai nu clivydanci (be_living-planned rarna4 stoka stolykatli *stokai stolykatli rarmau (remain-quality; a natural, basic, or enduring, non-ephemeral quality) ratcu ratcu ratcu ratni ----- ----- rebla tilba tilba rectu mitro mitro remna dumni *humni renro renro renro renvi1 stolo2 stolo2 (as in "stay the course") renvi2 stomo1 stolymordu *stomou stolymordu revmau (remain-more) renvi3 stonidbe stolynitryberti *stofaubei stolyfatryberti ra'unre'i (remain-disturb-carry; built from stoni/stofau = remain-disturb = hardship, though this is glossed as "stay-trouble") respa ----- ----- ricfu fulri fulri cfumau rigni gusta *tasgu selrigni rijno sagla *????? (element word possibly deleted in favor of a borrowing) rilti rinta rinta selrilti rimni cliranso clikyrandysondu *clifaosoa clikyfandysonda (similar-end-sound) rinci godru godru velrinci rinju litnu litnu rinka ckozu ckozu selja'e (ckozu is used both specifically for physical causes, for cause/effect, and as a general causal) rinsa jimta djimytakna *jmitaa jmitytakna (meet-talk) rirci nurpi nu pifno *nurpio nu(r)pifno rircymau (out_oftened) rirni1 ----- *penre rirni2 matfa1 matmyfarfu *maafra matmyfarfu (mother-father) rirxe vrici vrici rismi rismi rismi risna karci karci ritli1 telve teplyvetci *tepvei teplyvetci jdari'i, masri'i (church-event) ritli2 fomve formyvetci *fomvei formyvetci (form-event) rivbi1 dasto darlystolo *darsto darlystolo (far-stay) rivbi2 kovgo korvygotso *kovgoi korvygodzi rivykla (curve-go) rokci troku troku romge cormi *????? (element word possibly deleted in favor of a borrowing) ropno ----- ----- rorci matfa2 matmyfarfu *maafra matmyfarfu (mother-father) rotsu totnu totnu tsumau rozgu rozme rozme ruble fibru fibru blemau rufsu rofsu rofsu gukrufmau, xulme'a (ambiguous in meaning between abrasive and non-smooth) runme likce2 liktycenja *flicea flidycenja (liquid-become; no distinction made between melt and condense) runta djesi djesi selrunta, selctiru'e, djaruntygau rupnu ----- ----- (pandi/marki/pesro/pesta/rubli/rulpi/frani/dalra; dalra post-1983) rusko rusko rusko rutni nurma nu madzo *nurmao nu(r)madzo (be_made) sabji sordo sordydonsu *srodou sordydonsu (store-give) sabnu kabna *kabni sabnyku'a, sabnyselxa'u (an individual room) sacki matca *metca saclu ----- ----- sadjo ----- ----- sakci maspi mankyspila *makcpu mankycpula molsakcpu (mouth-pull) sakli clidu clidu sakta sakta sakta salci1 grarizdo gradyrispydonsu *grarisdou gradyrispydonsu (greater-respect-give) salci2 cmike cmizyckemo *cmikeo cmizyckemo (amuse-time) salci3 gacke gapcyckemo *haicke hapcyckemo (happy-time) salpo slopu slopu sa'ozma salta ----- ----- samcu ----- ----- sampu sapla sapla sapmau sance sonda sonda sanga gritu gritu sanji kance kance sanli stali stali sanmi milfa milfa sanso ----- ----- santa sanre *sanla sarcu nerbi nerbi sarji djupo djupo sarlu ----- ----- sarxe tarmo *harmo saxmau saske sensi sensi satci1 numfe numcyfekti *numfeo numcyfekto skesatci (number-perfect) satci2 purfe purdyfekti *purfeo purdyfekto vlaselcuxsatci, vlasatci (word-perfect) satre satro satro savru1 cladu2 cladu2 vrumau savru2 cladorfo cladyforma *claflo cladyforma (loud-form) sazri1 bapra bapra muvysazri sazri2 krani krani ma'ersazri, ma'ekla sefta spali1 spali1 selci ----- *celhu ji'esle selfu surva surva semto ----- ----- senci tsani tsani senpi dutci dutci senta ----- ----- senva revri revri sepli narti narti serti stire stire setca lense lenrysetfa *nensea nenrysetfa (inside-put) sevzi sedji *selji sfani flaki flaki sfasa kasfa kasfa sfofa sofna *sofha sfubu ----- ----- siclu caslo caslo sicni tacme tardycmeni *hadcme hardycmeni (hard-money) sidbo vidre vidre sidju selba *helba sigja1 sigro *sagro sigja2 sigre sigre cmasigja, plesigja, tu'ursigja silka colku colku silna solte solte simlu simci simci simsa clika clika simxu durdu durzydurzo *durduo durzydurzo (do-do) since marpi marpi sinma rispe rispe sinso ----- ----- sinxa sanpa sanpa sipna sonli sonli sirji linli clinyclika *liacli clinyclika sirmau (line-like; given that clina is defined as a straight line, and not just any kind of line) sirxo ----- ----- sisku dutra duvrytrati *duvrai duvrytrati (discover-try) sisti stise stise sitna ----- *kredi (old Loglan keyword vague) sivni prizi prizi skaci skara skara skami ----- ----- skapi pelpi pelpi skari kolro kolro selska, skatai (properties of color: hue, saturation, brilliance, rather than things having color) skicu tcuta tcurytakna *tcutaa tcurytakna veltervelski (picture-talk; x3/x4 switch) skiji skizo skizo skina sinma sinma skori korci *korce skoto skata *skaca/i/o skuro ----- ----- slabu1 laldo laldo tolcitmau slabu2 nucni nu cninu *nurcnu nu(r)cninu sauzma (be_newered_by) slabu3 lidbi litrybisti *hispao hisrypasko cirselcedra (history-before) slaka ----- ----- slami1 ----- *sadna slami2 sarti sarnyctifu *sarcti sarnyctifu sarmau (sour-stuff) slanu1 rolgu2 rolgu2 slanu2 rolfo rolgyforma *rolfoa rolgyforma slanytai (roller-form) slari sarni sarni slasi ----- ----- sligu saldi1 saldi1 slilu siltu1 siltu1 mu'usli sliri sulfa *sulfo slovo ----- ----- sluji muslo muslo sluni ----- ----- smacu cmara cmalyratcu *cmarau cmalyratcu (small-rat) smadi cakri cansykrido *cankri cansykrido (random-believe) smaji santi santi smani murki murki smoka dzozo *hozda smuci sputa sputa smuni nu sanpa nu sanpa snismu, selsni (be_signified_by) snada suksi suksi snanu surla *surdi nanmau snidu sekmi sekmi snime snice snice snipa gomni gomni snuji ----- ----- snura tcura *curca snuti canse3 canse3 (an event with happens by chance; i.e. random) snuti no nu modvi no nu modvi (an event not motivated) sobde ----- ----- sodna natri *nadro (nadri in 1983) sodva ----- ----- softo ----- ----- solji galru *????? (element word possibly deleted in favor of a borrowing) solri solra solra sombo sizdu sidzydurzo *sizduo sidzydurzo (seed-do) sonci solda solda sorcu sordi sordi sorgu ----- ----- sovda negda negda spaji1 fu stari fu stari (x3=fu is something done by x1 such that x1 surprises x2) spaji2 tcaku2 tcaku2 (startle is equated to shock in L4/L5) spali palci palci terspali spano spano *spana/i/o spati panta *herba speni merji merji spisa pisku pisku spita spana *hospi (hospa in 1983) spofu broda broda spoja respa *zbuma spuda dapli dapli sputu sputu *spetu molselpu'u (saliva) sraji verti *vreti sraku kraju kraju sralo ----- ----- srana kanse *perti srasu grasa grasa srera tsero1 tsero1 selsre, cfila srito ----- ----- sruma tratcupe tradytcurypenso *tratcupeo tradytcurypenso (true-picture-think; derived from tcupe/tcupeo picture-think = imagine) sruri djale1 *rinje jinsru stace nesta nesta stagi tcipanpa tcidypantyparte *ciirhebpai tcidyherbyparti (food-plant-part) staku ----- ----- stali stolo stolo stani stane *staga stapa buste buste stasu supta supta stati clikanmo clivykanmo *livkanmo clivykanmo (alive-able; glossed in L4 as biologically-able) steba ----- ----- steci spebi spebi stedu1 tosku1 *hedto stedu2 tozbo1 *tosku sedbo'u stedu3 tozbo2 *hedbongu hedtybongu sedbo'u (head-bone) stela laksu *sluko stero ----- ----- stici lusta lusta sicmau stidi sange sange stika stuli stuli stizu cirzi *cersi stodi1 sasta saldystali *saltai saldystali (solid-stand) stodi2 norce no cenja *norcea no(r)cenja (not-change) stuna lesta lesta sunmau stura fu ganli fu ganli (system_of-organization) stura truke2 truke2 (place structure/definition refers to "load-bearing"; i.e. similar to "greku", but usage in lujvo/Cpxs suggest that stura is the intended meaning) stuzi sitfa sitfa sucta fu rastisma fu ra stisymadzo *fu rarstemao fu ra(r)stetymadzo (all-sentence-make = generalization) sudga grani *drani sudmau sufti ----- ----- suksa sudna sudna sukmau sumji sumji sumji sumne sutsa sutmysanse *sutsae sutmysanse (smell-sense) sumti ----- ----- sunga ----- ----- sunla lunli lunli surla ----- ----- sutra kukra kukra sutmau tabno carbo carbo tabra ----- ----- tadji1 durfo durzyforma *drufoa durzyforma (do-form) tadji2 bitfo bivdyforma *bivfoa bivdyforma (behave-form) tadni stude stude (limited to university/college students; no discussion of words for other kinds of students) tagji djitu djitu tagmau talsa ----- ----- tamca tomto tomto tamji dampu *pudja tamne1 terspaka te spalykinci *terpalkui te(r)spalykunci (3-side-kin = first cousin, great-aunt/uncle) tamne2 ferspaka fe spalykinci *ferpalkui fe(r)spalykunci (5-side-kin = second-cousin, first cousin twice-removed) tamne3 forspaka fo spalykinci *forpalkui fo(r)spalykunci (4-side-kin - parent's cousin, first cousin once-removed) tanbo barta barta tance tongu tongu tanjo ----- ----- tanko bakco *tabko (bakci in 1983) tanru ----- ----- tansi panba panba tanxe bakso bakso tapla ----- *kadta tarbi ----- ----- tarci tarci tarci (place structure limits to stars of some galaxy) tarla ----- ----- tarmi forma1 forma1 tarti bivdu bivdu taske ----- ----- tatpi tarle tarle tatru titfa titfa tavla takna takna taxfu resfu resfu tcaci kusmo kusmo tcadu sitci sitci tcana stana stana tcati tcati tcati tcena tetcu tetcu tcica mandu *dupma tcidu nrile *ridle tcika djosa djorysanpa *hotsaa hortysanpa (hour-sign) tcila ditcu *citlu tcima tetri tetri tcini1 furckose fu ckozysetci *furckosei fu(r)ckozysetci (causal_conditions-set) tcini2 nurprase nu prase *nurpra nu(r)prase velru'e (stage/state of process) tcita ----- ----- temci ckemo ckemo tenfa ----- ----- tengu ----- ----- terdi terla terla terpa firpa firpa terto ----- ----- tigni konse *????? zgitigni (no generalized term; I-prim for "concert") tikpa kekti kekti tilju tidjo tidjo tijmau tinbe kojdu korjydurzo *kojduo korjydurzo (command-do) tinci sinta *stino (snatu in 1983) tinsa stifa stifa tinsymau tirna tirku *hirti tirse ferno *ferno (changed to fernu in 1983, then changed back) tirxu tigra tigra tisna1 flati flati (inflate) tisna2 krama kralymadzo *kromao krolymadzo (flow-make = pour) tisna3 kalfolma kaplyfolmymadzo *kalflomao kaplyfolmymadzo (complete-full-make) titla sliti sliti titmau tivni telvi telvi ci'erveltivni (tv receiver in a system; presumably doesn't cover a tv that is not part of a system) tixnu detri *detra toknu zavno zavno toldi ----- ----- tonga punso punfysonda *punfysoa punfysonda (pure-sound) tordu corta corta tormau torni torni torni traji1 ----- *maksi brarai (prim: maximum) traji2 ----- *minmi cmarai (prim: minimum) trano nitro nitro trati ----- ----- trene trena trena tricu tricu tricu trina trili trili trixe prire prire troci trati trati tsali forli *forli tsamau (changed to fotli in 1983, then changed back before 1989) tsani skati skati tsapi fu guzdo fu gustydonsu *fu gusdou fu gustydonsu (used_to flavor-give) tsiju sidza sidza tsina stadi stadi (limited to performing stage of a theater) tubnu tubli tubli tugni togri togri tujli tulpa *tulpa/i (listed as tulpi in prims list, tulpa in borrowings list, in 1989 Loglan 1; in 1974/5 it was tulpa; in 1983 tulpi) tumla landi landi tunba1 ----- *sibli tunba2 brame bradymetri *brusoe brudysorme (brother-sister) tunba3 nerspaka ne spalykanci *nerpalkui ne spalykunci (1-side-kin) tunka cupri cupri tunlo ----- *snalo tunta ----- ----- tuple tugle tugle turni garni garni tutci trime trime tutra gunla guntylandi *gunlai guntylandi (country-land) vacri kerti kerti vajni djipo djipo valsi purda purda vamji vatli *vatlu selterva'i (x2/x3 switch) vamtu vamtu vamtu vanbi ----- ----- vanci bisna bistynatli *pasnai paskynatli (before-night) vanju djino *vinjo vasru veslo veslo vasxu brute brute vecnu vedma vedma venfu ----- ----- vensa dotfu dotryfutci *dotfui dotryfutci (winter-after) verba nirbo nirlybotci *nilboi nirlybotci (girl-boy) vibna1 konbi konbi (doesn't distinguish between vagina and vulva) vidni ----- ----- vidru ----- ----- vifne frese frese vifmau vikmi ----- ----- viknu nu cutli nu cutryclika *nu cuicli nu cutryclika vikmau (out water-liked) vimcu tokna2 tokna2 vimcu muvma muvdymadzo *muvmao muvdymadzo (move-make) vindu vendu vendu vinji fletcabo fletytcarybotci *fletcabou fletytcarybotci (fly-car-boat; built from tcabo/tcabou car-boat = vehicle) vipsi ----- ----- virnu briga briga vrimau viska kanvi *vizka vitci nulri nu rilri *nuryrii nu(r)yrilri vitmau (out_regulared_by) vitke1 ----- *gesko vitke2 kusto kusfystolo *haasto hasfystolo (house-stay) vitke3 kanka kanvykamla *vizkaa vizkykamla (see-come) vitke4 fu dongaske fu donsygacpyckemo *fu donhapcke fu donsyhapcyckemo (x3 of give-happy-time = party guest) vitno racke ra ckemo *rarkeo ra(r)ckemo (all-time) vlagi konbi2 konbi2 (doesn't distinguish between vagina and vulva) vlile valna valna vilfra vlina ----- ----- vlipa lilpa *porli vofli fleti fleti voikla voksa volsi volsi vorme darto darto vrogai, vrobi'u (the covering or obstruction rather than the doorway/gateway) vraga ----- ----- vreji rirda rirda vreta resto resto vrici ----- ----- vrude gutka gudbykakto *gudkao gudbykakto vudmau (good-act) vrusi gusto gusto vukro ----- ----- xabju1 sicli sitfyclivi *sitlii sitfyclivi (site-live; live at a location) xabju2 spaci spasyclivi *spalii spasyclivi vabyxa'u (space-live; live in habitat/region) xadba ----- ----- xadni korti korti xagji ----- ----- xagri ----- ----- xajmi kamki kamki xaksu ----- ----- xalbo ----- ----- xalka jinti djinyctifu *vincti vinjyctifu (wine-material) xalni panko *panki xamgu gudbi gudbi xauzma xampo ----- ----- xamsi mursi mursi xance condu *hanco xanka nervo *nervo (narvo in 1983, changed back in 1987, status uncertain since omitted in 1991 list (see Lojban nirna)) xanri nu tcupe nu tcurypenso *nu tcupeo nu tcurypenso (be picture-thought) xanto ----- ----- xarci tarmu tarmu xarju porju porju xarnu durfa durzyfanpo *drupozfa durzypozfa (do-oppose; place structure limits to stubbornness opposing an action suggested by another) xasli ----- ----- xasne ----- ----- xatra lerci lerci xatsi ----- ----- xazdo ----- ----- xebni tsodi tsodi xebro ----- ----- xecto ----- *hekto xedja tcina tcina xejyji'o, firni'a, firko'a xekri nigro nigro xekmau xelso ----- *helna/i/o xendo ckano ckano terselxedmau xenru kedri kecrydriki *keidri kecrydriki (sad-remember) xexso ----- ----- xindo lindi/u *hinda/i/o xinmo tinmo tinmo xirma korma *horma xislu krilu krilu xispo ----- ----- xlali zavlo zavlo xlamau xlura jucko jupnyckozu *juicko jupnyckozu ji'ixlu (opine-cause) xotli kotli *hotle xrabo ----- ----- xrani surna surna xriso ----- ----- xruba ----- ----- xruki ----- ----- xrula flora flora xruti1 fando fanrydonsu *fandou fanvydonsu seldu'axru (reverse-give; give back) xruti2 fango fanrygotso *fangoi fanvygodzi mu'uxru, klaxru, sezyxrukla (reverse-go; go back) xruti3 fansu fanrysundi *fansui fanvysundi be'ixru (reverse-send; send back) xukmi ckemi *kemdi cuvyxu'i xunre redro redro xurdo ----- ----- xusra1 forcu forlycutse *folcue forlycutse (strong-say) xusra2 tracu tradycutse *tracue tradycutse (true-say) xusra3 djacu djanycutse *djacue djanycutse (know-say) xutla pismu *smupi xulmau zabna ----- ----- zajba gimna gimna zalvi zakra zakra zanru prusa prusa zarci marke *marte zargu rirgu rirgu zasni nurstomo nu stolymordu *nurstomou nu(r)stolymordu revme'a, zasmau (out stayed-more) zasti dzabi dzabi zbabu dzaso dzaso zbani banbe banbe zbasu1 madzo madzo (the Lojban is NOT used for agentive causation; this error is idiomatic in other Loglan versions, making madzo more akin to Lojban gasnu or zukte) zbasu2 balci2 balci2 di'uzba (the place structure of balci is identical to that of madzo; however, its English translation suggests that it is limited to erection and construction of buildings/edifices) zbepi basni2 basni2 zdani1 kusfa *hasfa zdani2 nensu nensu zdile cmiza cmiza selzdi zekri tsime tsime zenba tenri tenri selterselte'a (x2/x3 switch) zepti ----- ----- zetro ----- ----- zgana katca katca vi'azga (apparently limited to visual observation) zgike muzgi muzgi zifre frezi frezi zinki zinko zinko zirpu ----- *purpu (added after 1974-5, but before 1983) zivle prapo pralyspopa *ralspo pralyspopa (profit-hope) zmadu mordu mordu zmiku tomti *tomki zmimau zukte kakto kakto zumri mismi *misme zungi zafkakfi zavlykaktyfilmo *zafkaofio zavlykaktyfilmo (bad-act-feel) zunle ledzo ledzo zunti ----- ----- zutse skitu skitu zvati djiri *hijra