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Oooh! Arrgh! Ugh! Yecch! Attitudinal and Emotional Indicators
The Lojban Reference Grammar |
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The following dialogue in Lojban illustrates the uses of attitudinals and protocol vocatives in conversation. The phrases enclosed in ``sei ... se'u'' indicate the speaker of each sentence.
15.1) la rik. .e la .alis. nerkla le kafybarja
Rick and Alice in-go to-the coffee-bar.
Rick and Alice go into the coffee bar.
15.2) .i sei la rik. cusku se'u
ta'a ro zvati be ti
mi baza speni ti .iu
[Comment] Rick says, [end-comment]
[Interrupt] all at this-place,
I [future] [medium] am-spouse-to this-one [love].
Rick said, ``Sorry to break in, everybody.
Pretty soon I'm getting married
to my love here.''
15.3) .i sei la djordj. cusku se'u
a'o ko gleki doi ma
[Comment] George says, [end-comment]
[Hope] [You-imperative] are-happy, O [who?].
George said, ``I hope you'll be happy, um, ...?''
15.4) .i sei la pam. cusku se'u
pe'u .alis.
xu mi ba terfriti
le nunspenybi'o
[Comment] Pam says,
[Please] Alice, [end-comment]
[Is it true?] I [future] receive-offer-of
the event-of-spouse-becoming?
Pam said, ``Please, Alice, am I going to be
invited to the wedding?''
15.5) .i sei la mark. cusku se'u
coi baza speni
a'o le re do lifri
le ka xamgu
[Comment] Mark says, [end-comment]
[Greetings] [future] [medium] spouse(s),
[Hope] the two of-you experience
the-property-of being-happy
Mark said, ``Hello, spouses-to-be. I hope both of
you will be very happy.''
15.6) .i sei la rik. cusku se'u
mi'e .rik. doi terpreti
[Comment] Rick says, [end-comment]
[I am] Rick, O questioners.
Rick said, ``My name is Rick, for those of you who
want to know.''
15.7) .i sei la .alis. cusku se'u
nu'e .pam. .o'ero'i
do ba zvati
[Comment] Alice says, [end-comment]
[Promise-to] Pam, [closeness] [emotional]
you [future] are-at.
Alice said, ``I promise you'll be there, Pam honey.''
15.8) .i sei la fred. cusku se'u
.uinaicairo'i
mi ji'a prami la .alis.
fe'o .rik.
[Comment] Fred says, [end-comment]
[Happy] [not] [emphatic] [emotional]
I [additionally] love Alice.
[Over and out to] Rick.
``I love Alice too,'' said Fred miserably. ``Have a
nice life, Rick.''
15.9) .i la fred. cliva
Fred leaves.
And he left.
15.10) .i sei la rik. cusku se'u
fi'i ro zvati
ko pinxe pa ckafi
fi'o pleji mi
[Comment] Rick says, [end-comment]
[Welcome-to] all at-place,
[You-imperative] drink one coffee
with-payer me.
Rick said, raising his voice, ``A cup of coffee
for the house, on me.''
15.11) .i sei la pam. cusku se'u
be'e selfu
[Comment] Pam says, [end-comment]
[Request to speak to] server.
Pam said, ``Waiter!''
15.12) .i sei le selfu cu cusku se'u
re'i [end-comment]
[Comment] The server says,
[Ready to receive].
The waiter replied, ``May I help you?''
15.13) .i sei la pam. cusku se'u
e'o ko selfu
le traji xamgu ckafi
le baza speni
fi'o selpleji mi
[Comment] Pam says, [end-comment]
[Petition] [You-imperative] serve
the (superlatively good) coffee
to-the [future] [medium] spouse
with-payment me.
Pam said, ``One Jamaica Blue for the lovebirds here,
on my tab.''
15.14) .i sei le selfu cucusku se'u
vi'o
[Comment] The server says, [end-comment]
[Will comply].
``Gotcha'', said the waiter.
15.15) .i sei la rik. cusku se'u
ki'e .pam.
[Comment] Rick says, [end-comment]
[Thanks O] Pam.
``Thanks, Pam'', said Rick.
15.16) .i sei la pam. cusku se'u
je'e
[Comment] Pam says, [end-comment]
[Acknowledge].
``Sure'', said Pam.
15.17) .i sei la djan. cusku se'u
.y. mi .y. mutce spopa .y.
le nu le speni si .y.
ba speni .y. .y.
su .yyyyyy. mu'o
[Comment] John says, [end-comment]
[Uh] I [uh] very [nonexistent gismu] [uh]
the event-of the spouse [erase] [uh]
[future] spouse [uh] [uh]
[erase all] [uh] [over]
John said, ``I, er, a lotta, uh, marriage,
upcoming marriage, .... Oh, forget it.
Er, later.''
15.18) .i sei la djordj. cusku se'u
ke'o .djan. zo'o
[Comment] George says, [end-comment]
[Repeat O] John [humor].
``How's that again, John?'' said George.
15.19) .i sei la pam. cusku se'u
ju'i .djordj.
.e'unai le kabri bazi farlu
[Comment] Pam says, [end-comment]
[Attention] George,
[Warning] the cup [future] [short] falls
``George, watch out!'' said Pam. ``The cup's falling!''
15.20) .i le kabri cu je'a farlu
The cup indeed falls.
The cup fell.
15.21) .i sei la djan. cusku se'u
e'o doi djordj. zo'o rapygau
[Comment] John says, [end-comment]
[Petition] O George [humor] repeat-cause.
John said, ``Try that again, George!''
15.22) .i sei la djordj. cusku se'u
co'o ro zvati pe secau la djan. ga'i
[Comment] George says, [end-comment]
[Partings] all at-place without John [superiority]
``Goodbye to all of you,'' said George sneeringly,
``except John.''
15.23) .i la djordj. cliva
George leaves.
George left.
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Previous
Vocative scales |
Oooh! Arrgh! Ugh! Yecch! Attitudinal and Emotional Indicators
The Lojban Reference Grammar |
Next
Tentative conclusion |