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Giheks can be combined with ``bo'' in the same way as eks:
10.1) mi nelci la djan.
gi'e nelci la martas. gi'abo nelci la meris.
I like John
and (like Martha or like Mary).
is equivalent in meaning to Example 8.1 and Example 8.2. Likewise, ``ke ... ke'e'' grouping can be used after giheks:
10.2) mi dzukla le zarci gi'e dzukla le zdani
gi'a ke dzukla le ckule gi'e dzukla le briju [ke'e]
I walk-to the market and walk-to the house,
or walk-to the school and walk-to the office.
is the gihek version of Example 8.9. The
same rule about using ``ke ... ke'e'' bracketing only just
after a connective applies to bridi-tails as to sumti, so the
first two bridi-tails in Example 10.2
cannot be explicitly grouped; implicit left-grouping suffices
to associate them.
Each of the pairs of bridi-tails joined by multiple giheks can have its own set of tail-terms:
10.3) mi dejni lo rupnu la djan.
.inaja mi dunda le cukta la djan.
.ijabo mi lebna le cukta la djan.
[If] I owe some currency-units to John,
then I give the book to John
or I take the book from John.
is equivalent in meaning to:
10.4) mi dejni lo rupnu nagi'a dunda gi'abo lebna vau
le cukta vau la djan.
[If] I owe some currency-units then (give or take)
a book to/from John.
The literal English translation in Example 10.4 is almost unintelligible, but the Lojban is perfectly grammatical. ``mi'' fills the x1 place of all three selbri; ``lo rupnu'' is the x2 of ``dejni'', whereas ``le cukta'' is a tail-term shared between ``dunda'' and ``lebna''; ``la djan.'' is a tail-term shared by ``dejni'' and by ``dunda gi'abo lebna''. In this case, greater clarity is probably achieved by moving ``la djan.'' to the beginning of the sentence, as in Example 9.5:
10.5) fi la djan. fa mi dejni lo rupnu
nagi'a dunda gi'abo lebna vau le cukta
To/from John, [if] I owe some currency-units
then [I] give or take the book.
Finally, what about forethought logical connection of
bridi-tails? There is no direct mechanism for the purpose.
Instead, Lojban grammar allows a pair of forethought-connected
sentences to function as a single bridi-tail, and of course the
sentences need not have terms before their selbri. For example:
10.5.5) mi ge klama le zarci gi nelci la djan.
I both go to the market and like John.
is equivalent in meaning to Example 9.2.
Of course, either of the connected sentences may contain giheks:
10.6) mi ge klama le zarci gi'e dzukla le zdani
gi nelci la djan.
I both (go to the market and walk to the house)
and like John.
The entire gek-connected sentence pair may be negated as a
whole by prefixing ``na'':
10.7) mi na ge klama le zarci gi dzukla le zdani
[False!] I both go to the market and walk to the house.
Since a pair of sentences joined by geks is the equivalent of a
bridi-tail, it may be followed by tail terms. The forethought
equivalent of Example 9.6 is:
10.8) mi ge dunda le cukta
gi lebna lo rupnu vau do
I both (give the book)
and (take some currency-units) to/from you.
Here is a pair of gek-connected observatives, a forethought
equivalent of Example 9.9:
10.9) ge klama le zarci gi dzukla le briju
Both a goer to-the market and a walker to-the office.
Finally, here is an example of gek-connected sentences with both shared and unshared terms before their selbri:
10.10) mi gonai le zarci cu klama
gi le bisli cu dansu
I either-but-not-both to-the office go
or on-the ice dance.
I either go to the office or dance on the ice
(but not both).
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Previous
Compound bridi |
If Wishes Were Horses: The Lojban Connective System
The Lojban Reference Grammar |
Next
Termset logical connection |