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Modal relative phrases; Comparison |
To Boston Via The Road Go I, With An Excursion Into The Land Of Modals
The Lojban Reference Grammar |
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It is possible to mix logical connection (explained in Chapter 14) with modal connection, in a way that simultaneously asserts the logical connection and the modal relationship. Consider the sentences:
11.1) mi nelci do .ije mi nelci la djein.
I like you. And I like Jane
which is a logical connection, and
11.2) mi nelci do .iki'ubo mi nelci la djein.
I like you. Justified-by I like Jane.
The meanings of Example 11.1 and Example 11.2 can be simultaneously expressed
by combining the two compound cmavo, thus:
11.3) mi nelci do .ijeki'ubo mi nelci la djein.
I like you. And justified-by I like Jane.
Here the two sentences ``mi nelci do'' and ``mi nelci la
djein.'' are simultaneously asserted, their logical connection
is asserted, and their causal relationship is asserted. The
logical connective ``je'' comes before the modal ``ki'u'' in
all such mixed connections.
Since ``mi nelci do'' and ``mi nelci la djein.'' differ only in the final sumti, we can transform Example 11.3 into a mixed sumti connection:
11.4) mi nelci do .eki'ubo la djein.
I like you and/because Jane.
Note that this connection is an afterthought one. Mixed
connectives are always afterthought; forethought connectives
must be either logical or modal.
There are numerous other afterthought logical and non-logical connectives that can have modal information planted within them. For example, a bridi-tail connected version of Example 11.4 would be:
11.5) mi nelci do gi'eki'ubo nelci la djein.
I like you and/because like Jane.
The following three complex examples all mean the same thing.
11.6) mi bevri le dakli
.ijeseri'abo tu'e mi bevri le gerku
.ijadu'ibo mi bevri le mlatu [tu'u]
I carry the sack.
And [effect] (I carry the dog
And/or [equal] I carry the cat. )
I carry the sack.
As a result I carry the dog
or I carry the cat, equally.
11.7) mi bevri le dakli
gi'eseri'ake bevri le gerku
gi'adu'ibo bevri le mlatu [ke'e]
I carry the sack
and [effect] (carry the dog
and/or [equal] carry the cat ).
I carry the sack
and as a result carry the dog or carry the cat equally.
11.8) mi bevri le dakli
.eseri'ake le gerku
.adu'ibo le mlatu [ke'e]
I carry the sack
and [effect] (the cat
and/or [equal] the dog ).
I carry the sack, and as a result the cat
or the dog equally.
In Example 11.6, the ``tu'e ... tu'u''
brackets are the equivalent of the ``ke ... ke'e'' brackets in
Example 11.7 and Example
11.8, because ``ke ... ke'e'' cannot extend across more
than one sentence. It would also be possible to change the
``.ijeseri'abo'' to ``.ije seri'a'', which would show that the
``tu'e ... tu'u'' portion was an effect, but would not pin down
the ``mi bevri le dakli'' portion as the cause. It is legal for
a modal (or a tense; see Chapter 10)
to modify the whole of a ``tu'e ... tu'u'' construct.
Note: The uses of modals discussed in this section are applicable both to BAI modals and to ``fi'o''-plus-selbri modals.
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Previous
Modal relative phrases; Comparison |
To Boston Via The Road Go I, With An Excursion Into The Land Of Modals
The Lojban Reference Grammar |
Next
Modal conversion: JAI |